View source for Abu Musa

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Iranian Island near the entrance to the Strait of Hormuz}}
{{About|an island in the Persian Gulf|other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox islands
| disputed           = yes
| name               = Abu Musa
| other_names        = {{Unbulleted list|style=font-weight:normal|{{langx|fa|{{nq|ابوموسی}}}}|{{langx|ar|أبو موسى}}}}
| image_name         = Strait of Hormuz.jpg
| image_caption      = Abu Musa in the Persian Gulf
| pushpin_map        = Iran#Persian Gulf#UAE
| location           = [[Persian Gulf]]
| coordinates        = {{coord|25|52|N|55|02|E|display=inline}}
| total_islands      = 1
| area_km2           = 12.8
| elevation_m        = 110
| highest_mount      = Mount Halva
| country            = {{IRN}}
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = Province
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Hormozgan Province|Hormozgan]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = County
| country_admin_divisions_2 = [[Abumusa County|Abumusa]]
| country_largest_city = [[Abu Musa, Iran|Abu Musa]]
| country_largest_city_population = 1,953
| country1           = {{flagicon|UAE}} [[United Arab Emirates]]
| country1_admin_divisions_title = Emirate
| country1_admin_divisions = [[Sharjah]]
| population         = 2,131
| population_as_of   = 2012
| density_km2        = 166
| module = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=12 |coord={{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}} 
}}
{{Infobox lighthouse
| qid = Q33412878
| mapframe-zoom = 8
| construction = Masonry tower
| shape = Short square tower atop building<ref>{{Cite rowlett|irn|accessdate=2016-10-03}}</ref><ref>[http://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal?_nfpb=true&_st=&_pageLabel=msi_pub_detail&CCD_itemID=112&pubConstant=NGALOL NGA List of Lights – Pub.112] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021203954/http://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal?_nfpb=true&_st=&_pageLabel=msi_pub_detail&CCD_itemID=112&pubConstant=NGALOL |date=21 October 2016 }} Retrieved 3 October 2016</ref>
}}
[[File:Strait of hormuz.jpg|left|thumb|A map dated 1891 showing Abu Musa]]

'''Abu Musa''' ({{langx|fa|بوموسا}} {{audio|Abu Musa pronounce.ogg|listen}}, {{IPA|fa|æbu mu'sɒ|IPA}}, {{langx|ar|أبو موسى}}) is an Iranian {{convert|12.8|km2|adj=on}} [[island]] in the eastern [[Persian Gulf]], near the entrance to the [[Strait of Hormuz]].<ref>[http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/2358 Iranian Islands of Tunbs and Abu Musa]. 2004. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923072835/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/2/2358 |date=23 September 2006 }}</ref> Due to the depth of sea, oil tankers and big ships have to pass between Abu Musa and [[Greater and Lesser Tunbs]], making these islands some of the most strategic points in the Persian Gulf.<ref name="AndersonOwen1993">{{cite book
 |author1      = Ewan W. Anderson
 |author2      = Gareth Owen
 |title        = An atlas of world political flashpoints: a sourcebook of geopolitical crisis
 |url          = https://books.google.com/books?id=T7R-AAAAMAAJ
 |year         = 1993
 |publisher    = Pinter Reference
 |isbn         = 978-1-85567-053-2
 |page         = 1
 |access-date  = 19 February 2016
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160530102318/https://books.google.com/books?id=T7R-AAAAMAAJ
 |archive-date = 30 May 2016
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> The island is under the administration of [[Iran]], as part of the [[Hormozgan]] province.<ref name="Shelley2013">{{cite book
 |author       = Fred M. Shelley
 |title        = Nation Shapes: The Story Behind the World's Borders
 |url          = https://books.google.com/books?id=5qlXatHRJtMC&pg=PA457
 |date         = 30 April 2013
 |publisher    = ABC-CLIO
 |isbn         = 978-1-61069-106-2
 |pages        = 457–
 |access-date  = 19 February 2016
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160530094947/https://books.google.com/books?id=5qlXatHRJtMC&pg=PA457
 |archive-date = 30 May 2016
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref><ref name="AbedHellyer2001">{{cite book
 |author1      = Ibrahim Abed
 |author2      = Peter Hellyer
 |title = United Arab Emirates: A New Perspective
 |url          = https://books.google.com/books?id=QcMz3zV0qAMC&pg=PA182
 |year         = 2001
 |publisher    = Trident Press Ltd
 |isbn         = 978-1-900724-47-0
 |pages        = 182–
 |quote        = Iran claims Abu Musa Territorial and political ambitions, combined with the economic interests of influential elements within the government, helped strengthen the first Iranian claim to the island of Abu Musa in 1904. Iran began to challenge ...
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160530094305/https://books.google.com/books?id=QcMz3zV0qAMC&pg=PA182
 |archive-date = 30 May 2016
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

== Name ==
Iranian inhabitants of Abu Musa call it "Gap-sabzu" ({{langx|fa|گپ‌سبزو}}), which in [[Persian language|Persian]] means "the great green place". On old Persian maps, the island is called:
* "Boum-Ouw" ({{langx|fa|بوم‌اوو|links=no}}) or "Boum-Ouf" ({{langx|fa|بوم‌اوف|links=no}}) which in Persian means "Waterland".
* "Boum-Souz" ({{langx|fa|بوم‌سوز|links=no}}) or "Boum-Sou"/"Boum-Souw" ({{langx|fa|بوم‌سو|links=no}}) or "Gap-Sabzou" ({{langx|fa|گپ‌سبزو|links=no}}) which in [[Persian language|Persian]] means "Green Land".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://0-dla.library.upenn.edu.librus.hccs.edu/dla/newbooks/record.html?id=NEWBOOKS_4974631|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911145741/http://0-dla.library.upenn.edu.librus.hccs.edu/dla/newbooks/record.html?id=NEWBOOKS_4974631|url-status=dead|title=Ajam, Muḥammad. "Documents on the Persian Gulf's name: The eternal heritage of ancient time". Tehran: Evin Publication, 2009|archivedate=11 September 2012}}</ref>

In recent centuries it, has also been called ''Bum Musa'', Persian for "the land of [[Islamic view of Moses|Musa]]/[[Moses]]", instead of "Boum-Sou".<ref>{{cite web
| url     = http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/1924051
| title     = اسناد نام خلیج‌ [فارس]؛ میراثی کهن و جاودان
| website     = opac.nlai.ir
| access-date     = 22 April 2012
| archive-url     = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407102050/http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/bibliographic/1924051
| archive-date     = 7 April 2014
| url-status     = live
}}</ref>

In Arabic sources, "Abu Musa" ({{langx|ar| أبو موسى}}) comes from [[Abu Musa al-Ash'ari]], a companion of [[Muhammad]], who stayed on the island in 643 [[Common Era|CE]] before battling the Persians.<ref>{{cite news
| title      = النظام الإيراني المحتل يمارس الغطرسة ضد سكان الجزر الإماراتية
| url      = http://www.alriyadh.com/1116041
| access-date      = 11 July 2017
| work      = Al Riyadh
| issue      = 17360
| date      = 4 January 2016
| archive-url      = https://web.archive.org/web/20170731071529/http://www.alriyadh.com/1116041
| archive-date      = 31 July 2017
| url-status      = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last1      = سيستاني
| first1     = ايرج افشار
| title      = جزيرة بوموسى وطنب بزرك وطنب كوجك
}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Abu Musa island is located {{convert|70|km}} south of [[Bandar-e Shenas]] and {{convert|59|km}} [[north-northwest]] of [[Sharjah (emirate)|Sharjah]]. Out of  the 14 islands of [[Hormozgan]], it is the farthest from the Iranian coast. Its highest point is the {{convert|110|m|adj=on}} Mount Halva<ref name="Mojtahed-Zadeh2007">{{cite book
 |author       = Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh
 |title        = Boundary Politics and International Boundaries of Iran: A Study of the Origin, Evolution, and Implications of the Boundaries of Modern Iran with Its 1
 |url          = https://books.google.com/books?id=9o0IRPpvDjkC&pg=PA305
 |date         = January 2007
 |publisher    = Universal-Publishers
 |isbn         = 978-1-58112-933-5
 |pages        = 305–
 |access-date  = 19 February 2016
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160530150216/https://books.google.com/books?id=9o0IRPpvDjkC&pg=PA305
 |archive-date = 30 May 2016
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> and has [[Abu Musa, Iran|Abu Musa]] city as the center of the island. The weather in Abu Musa is warm and humid, a better climate compared to other islands in the [[Persian Gulf]]. It has the most diverse [[ecosystem]], but lacks suitable soil and water for farming. Fishing is the main industry for the locals. 

It is served by the regional [[Abu Musa Airport]].

== History ==
[[File:Abu Musa and Greater and Lesser Tunbs in Iran and Turan Map by Adolf Stieler map 1891.JPG|thumb|Abu Musa and other islands in the Persian gulf in a map by [[Adolf Stieler]]]]

=== The early disputes ===
The sovereignty of Iran on Abu Musa has been disputed by UAE, which inherited a dispute since 1971.<ref name="estimate">{{cite news |url=http://www.theestimate.com/public/072401.html |title=Abu Musa and The Tumbs: The Dispute That Won't Go Away, Part Two |date=24 July 2001 |work=The Estimate |volume=XIII |issue=13 |access-date=6 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215021736/http://www.theestimate.com/public/072401.html |archive-date=15 December 2007 |url-status=unfit}}</ref><ref name="wi">{{cite web |last=Henderson |first=Simon |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/unwanted-guest-gulf-summit-and-iran |title=Unwanted Guest: The Gulf Summit and Iran |date=7 December 2007 |access-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123084614/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/unwanted-guest-gulf-summit-and-iran |archive-date=23 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>  By common consent, the island had been under the control of the [[Al-Qasimi]] ruler of [[Emirate of Sharjah|Sharjah]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmadi |first=Kourosh |title=Islands and International Politics in the Persian Gulf: The Abu Musa and Tunbs in Strategic Context |date=2008 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-45933-4 |page=54}}</ref><ref name="pgpm" />

The island was actually covered by a protection treaty signed between the rulers of the Gulf and Britain as far back as in 1819.<ref>{{Cite web |title=الجزر الإماراتية الثلاث |url=https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2015/6/22/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b2%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ab |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=الجزيرة نت |language=ar}}</ref>

The dispute on the ownership of the island predates the establishment of the [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]], and the first historical record of the dispute was recorded in 1904, when the Iranians lowered a local flag of the [[Trucial States]], and subtituted it with an Iranian one. This was swiftly opposed by the [[British Empire]]'s authorities, and it led to the Iranian forces withdrawing shortly after occupying the islands. They would attempt to do so again in 1923.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=مجلة الشرطي يناير 94 |url=http://www.emirates-islands.ae/HTM-Docs/tahqeeqat/7.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107091128/http://www.emirates-islands.ae/HTM-Docs/tahqeeqat/7.htm |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=www.emirates-islands.ae}}</ref>

In 1906 [[Salim bin Sultan Al Qasimi|Salim bin Sultan]], the uncle of Sharjah's ruler [[Saqr bin Khalid Al Qasimi|Saqr bin Khalid]], awarded a concession for iron oxide deposits discovery in the island to three Arabs, whose workers extracted the mineral and agreed to sell it to Wonckhaus, a German enterprise. However, Saqr bin Khalid discovered and disagreed with the act, so he cancelled the grant. The workers were then removed from the island with assistance from the British, resulting in an international incident.<ref>{{cite book |last=Issawi |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Issawi |chapter=European Economic Penetration, 1872–1921 |editor1-last=Avery |editor1-first=Peter |editor-link1=Peter Avery |editor2-last=Hambly |editor2-first=Gavin |editor3-last=Melville |editor3-first=Charles |editor-link3=Charles P. Melville |title=[[The Cambridge History of Iran]] |year=1991 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-20095-0 |page=605}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100000000833.0x000035 |title=Red oxide on Abu Musa, 1898-1934 |last=Laithwaite |first=John Gilbert |author-link=Gilbert Laithwaite |year=1934 |department=British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers |agency= |id=IOR/L/PS/18/B433 |via=[[Qatar Digital Library]]}}</ref>

After 1908, the [[UK]] controlled the island along with the other British-held islands in the Persian Gulf, including what is today the UAE. In the late 1960s, the UK transferred administration of the island to the British-appointed Sharjah, one of the seven sheikdoms that would later form the UAE.

For 20 consecutive days in 1964, the Iranian forces occupied the territory, claiming that the landing was a military maneuver, before leaving.<ref name=":0" />

After the UK announced in 1968 that it would end its administrative and military positions in the Persian Gulf, [[Iran]] moved to reattach the island politically to the mainland. On 30 November 1971 (two days before the official establishment of UAE), Iran and Sharjah signed a [[Memorandum of Understanding]]. They agreed to allow Sharjah to have a local police station and Iran to station troops on the island according to the map attached to the Memorandum of Understanding.<ref name="pgpm">{{cite book
| last      = Mojtahedzadeh
| first     = Pirouz
| title     = Countries and boundaries in the geopolitical region of the Persian Gulf
| year      = 1993
| publisher = The Institute for Political and International Studies
| oclc      = 651081387
| language  = fa
}}</ref> The agreement also divided the island's energy resources between the two signatories. "By agreeing to the pact, the tiny emirate prevented an invasion by Iran, which two days earlier had taken two other disputed islands, the [[Greater and Lesser Tunbs]], which were even smaller and uninhabited."<ref name="NYT2012">{{cite news
| title     = A Tiny Island Is Where Iran Makes a Stand
| first     = Thomas
| last     = Erdbrink
| newspaper     = The New York Times
| date     = 30 April 2012
| url     = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/01/world/middleeast/dispute-over-island-of-abu-musa-unites-iran.html
| access-date     = 26 February 2017
| archive-url     = https://web.archive.org/web/20170505153853/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/01/world/middleeast/dispute-over-island-of-abu-musa-unites-iran.html
| archive-date     = 5 May 2017
| url-status     = live
}}</ref>

[[File:sheikSaghar.jpg|left|thumb|Sheikh Saqer welcoming Iranian troops of Iran's destroyer [[Iranian destroyer Artemiz (DDG-5)|''Artemiz'']] in Abu Musa, 1971]]

===Iranian takeover===
On 30 November 1971, a day before the UK officially left the region, [[Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs|Iran moved troops onto the island]] and were officially welcomed by the [[Sheikh|Sheik]] of Sharjah's brother, [[Saqr bin Mohammed Al Qasimi|Sheik Saqer]].<ref name="pgpm3">{{cite book
| last      = Mojtahedzadeh
| first     = Pirouz
| title     = Security and territoriality in the Persian Gulf
| year      = 1999
| publisher = RoutledgeCurzon
| location  = London
| isbn      = 0-7007-1098-1
| page      = 214
}}</ref>

===UAE claim===
The UAE took its sovereignty claim over Abu Musa and the two Tunb islands to a meeting of the [[United Nations Security Council]] of 9 December 1971. At that meeting, it was decided to "defer consideration of this matter to a later date".<ref>{{cite book
| last      = Mattair
| first     = Thomas
| title     = The Three Occupied Islands of the UAE: The Tunbs and Abu Musa.
| year      = 2005
| publisher = Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research
| location  = Abu Dhabi
| isbn      = 9948-00-765-4
}}</ref><ref name="United Nations 1971">{{cite journal
| last    = United Nations
| title    = Twenty-sixth Year, Supplement for October, November and December 1971
| journal    = Official Records of the Security Council
| year    = 1971
| url    = http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AUN_DOC_S_PV_1610_Security_Council_official_records%2C_26th_year%2C_1610th_meeting%2C_9_December_1971.djvu
| access-date    = 13 March 2013
| archive-url    = https://web.archive.org/web/20140220221825/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AUN_DOC_S_PV_1610_Security_Council_official_records%2C_26th_year%2C_1610th_meeting%2C_9_December_1971.djvu
| archive-date    = 20 February 2014
| url-status    = live
}}</ref> Iraq ([[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]] era),<ref>{{cite book
 |last         = United Nations Security Council
 |title        = Letter dated 72/07/17 from the representatives of Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, the Libyan Arab Republic, Morocco, Oman, the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Sudan, The Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen to the President of the Security Council
 |year         = 1972
 |publisher    = United Nations Supplement, Official Record
 |location     = New York
 |id           = UNDOC:S/10740
 |url          = http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/UN_Doc_S_10740_-_Letter_Dated_17_July_1972_from_the_Permanent_Representatives_of_Algeria_Bahrain_Egypt_Iraq_Kuwait_Lebanon_Libya_Morocco_Oman_Sudan_Syria_Tunisia_United_Arab_Emirates_Yemen.pdf
 |access-date  = 13 March 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140609074929/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/UN_Doc_S_10740_-_Letter_Dated_17_July_1972_from_the_Permanent_Representatives_of_Algeria_Bahrain_Egypt_Iraq_Kuwait_Lebanon_Libya_Morocco_Oman_Sudan_Syria_Tunisia_United_Arab_Emirates_Yemen.pdf
 |archive-date = 9 June 2014
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> Kuwait,<ref>{{cite book
 |last         = United Nations Security Council
 |title        = Letter dated 92/09/14 from the Permanent Representative of Kuwait to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
 |year         = 1992
 |publisher    = United Nations Annexes, Official Record
 |location     = New York
 |id           = UNDOC: A/47/441
 |url          = http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ALetter_dated_1994_July_7_from_the_Permanent_Representative_of_Kuwait_to_the_United_Nations_addressed_to_the_President_of_the_Security_Council.djvu
 |access-date  = 13 March 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140220221823/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ALetter_dated_1994_July_7_from_the_Permanent_Representative_of_Kuwait_to_the_United_Nations_addressed_to_the_President_of_the_Security_Council.djvu
 |archive-date = 20 February 2014
 |url-status = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}</ref> Algeria,<ref name="UNDOC409">{{cite book
 |last         = United Nations Security Council
 |title        = Letter dated 71/12/03 from the representatives of Algeria, Iraq, the Libyan Arab Republic and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen to the President of the Security Council
 |year         = 1971
 |publisher    = United Nations Supplement, Official Record
 |location     = New York
 |id           = UNDOC:S/10409
 |url          = http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/UN_DOC_S_10409_-_Letter_Dated_3_December_1971_from_the_Permanent_Representatives_of_Algeria_Iraq_Libya_And_Peoples_Democratic_Republic_of_Yemen.JPG
 |access-date  = 13 March 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140609074934/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/UN_DOC_S_10409_-_Letter_Dated_3_December_1971_from_the_Permanent_Representatives_of_Algeria_Iraq_Libya_And_Peoples_Democratic_Republic_of_Yemen.JPG
 |archive-date = 9 June 2014
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> [[South Yemen]]<ref name="UNDOC409" /> and [[Libya]]<ref name="UNDOC409" /> held the view that the territory rightfully belongs to the UAE.<ref>{{cite book
 |last         = United Nations Security Council
 |title        = Letter dated 94/12/22 from the Permanent Representative of Bahrain to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
 |date         = December 1994
 |publisher    = United Nations Annexes, Official Record
 |location     = New York
 |id           = UNDOC: A/49/815
 |url          = http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/UN_DOC_A_49_814_Letter_dated_1994_December_22_from_the_Permanent_Representative_of_Bahrain_to_the_United_Nations_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General.pdf
 |access-date  = 13 March 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140609074930/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/UN_DOC_A_49_814_Letter_dated_1994_December_22_from_the_Permanent_Representative_of_Bahrain_to_the_United_Nations_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General.pdf
 |archive-date = 9 June 2014
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 |last         = United Nations Security Council
 |title        = Letter dated 93/10/13 from the representative of Saudi Arabia to the United Nations addressed to the President of the General Assembly
 |year         = 1993
 |publisher    = United Nations Annexes, Official Record
 |location     = New York
 |id           = UNDOC: A/48/519
 |url          = http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/UN_DOC_A_48_519_Letter_dated_13_October_1993_from_Saudi_Arabia_to_the_UN_page1.JPG
 |access-date  = 13 March 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140609074931/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/UN_DOC_A_48_519_Letter_dated_13_October_1993_from_Saudi_Arabia_to_the_UN_page1.JPG
 |archive-date = 9 June 2014
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 |last         = United Nations Security Council
 |title        = Letter dated 94/09/20 from the Permanent Representative of Saudi Arabia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
 |date         = September 1994
 |publisher    = United Nations Annexes, Official Record
 |location     = New York
 |id           = UN DOC: A/49/412 S/1994/1078
 |url          = http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/UN_DOC_A_49_412_S_1994_1078_Letter_dated_20_September_1994_from_Saudi_Arabia_to_the_UN.pdf
 |access-date  = 13 March 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140609074932/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/UN_DOC_A_49_412_S_1994_1078_Letter_dated_20_September_1994_from_Saudi_Arabia_to_the_UN.pdf
 |archive-date = 9 June 2014
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 |last         = United Nations Security Council
 |title        = Letter dated 95/06/21 from the Permanent Representative of Bahrain to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
 |date         = June 1995
 |publisher    = United Nations Annexes, Official Record
 |location     = New York
 |url          = http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/UN_DOC_A_50_255_S_1995_504_Letter_dated_21_June_1995_from_Bahrain_to_the_United_Nations.pdf
 |access-date  = 13 March 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140609074925/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/UN_DOC_A_50_255_S_1995_504_Letter_dated_21_June_1995_from_Bahrain_to_the_United_Nations.pdf
 |archive-date = 9 June 2014
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 |last         = United Nations Security Council
 |title        = Letter dated 92/10/06 from the Permanent Representative of Oman to the United Nations addressed to the President of the General Assembly
 |date         = October 1992
 |publisher    = United Nations Annexes, Official Record
 |location     = New York
 |id           = UNDOC: A/47/516
 |url          = http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/UN_DOC_A_47_516_Letter_dated_1992_October_6_from_the_Permanent_Representative_of_Oman_to_the_United_Nations_addressed_to_the_President_of_the_General_Assembly..pdf
 |access-date  = 13 March 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140609074927/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/UN_DOC_A_47_516_Letter_dated_1992_October_6_from_the_Permanent_Representative_of_Oman_to_the_United_Nations_addressed_to_the_President_of_the_General_Assembly..pdf
 |archive-date = 9 June 2014
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> Since that time, the UAE has consistently called in public statements<ref name="United Nations 1971" /><ref>{{cite journal
 |last         = United Nations
 |title        = Letter dated 16 September 1997 from the Permanent Representative of the United Arab Emirates to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
 |journal      = United Nations General Assembly
 |date         = 17 September 1997
 |volume       = 52nd Session
 |series       = Oceans and the Law of the Sea
 |url          = http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/UN_DOC_A_52_361_Letter_dated_1997_September_16_from_the_Permanent_Representative_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates_to_the_United_Nations_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General..pdf
 |access-date  = 13 March 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140609074926/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/UN_DOC_A_52_361_Letter_dated_1997_September_16_from_the_Permanent_Representative_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates_to_the_United_Nations_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General..pdf
 |archive-date = 9 June 2014
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> for either bilateral negotiations or by referring the issue to the International Court of Justice (or another form of international arbitration).<ref>{{cite book
| last      = Mattair
| first     = Thomas
| title     = The Three Occupied Islands of the UAE: The Tunbs and Abu Musa.
| year      = 2005
| publisher = Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research
| location  = Abu Dhabi
| isbn      = 9948-00-765-4
| pages     = 165–166
}}</ref>

Saddam Hussein attempted to justify the [[Iran–Iraq War]] by claiming that one of the objectives was to "liberate" Abu Musa and the Tunbs in the [[Persian Gulf]]. In 1992, Iran expelled "foreign" workers who operated the UAE-sponsored school, medical clinic, and power-generating station.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/iran/abu-musa.htm |title=Abu Musa Island – Iran Special Weapons Facilities
| first   = John
| last   = Pike
| website   = globalsecurity.org
| access-date   = 31 July 2006
| archive-url   = https://web.archive.org/web/20101226021747/http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/iran/abu-musa.htm
| archive-date   = 26 December 2010
| url-status   = live
}}</ref> The dispute has also caused serious friction between [[Ras al-Khaimah]] and Sharjah on the one hand and some other emirates of the UAE on the other. Ras Al Khaimah advocates tough measures against Iran. Dubai, on the other hand, believes that the conflict is unnecessary. The present ruler of Dubai (who is also Vice President, Prime Minister and Defence Minister of the UAE), [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]], has earlier stated publicly that "he believes the tensions over the islands have been fabricated by the United States".<ref name=Rubin>{{cite book
| last      = Rubin
| first     = Barry M.
| title     = Crises in the Contemporary Persian Gulf
| year      = 2002
| publisher = Routledge
| isbn      = 978-0-7146-5267-2
| pages     = 44–45
}}</ref>

In 2012 a visit to the island by Iranian president Ahmedinejad provoked a diplomatic incident.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/12/world/meast/uae-iran-ambassador-recall/
| title = Ahmadinejad's visit to island prompts UAE to recall Iran ambassador
| work = CNN
| date = 12 April 2012
| access-date = 12 April 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120412175353/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/12/world/meast/uae-iran-ambassador-recall/
| archive-date = 12 April 2012
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Iran's historical claim to ownership over the islands roots back to the [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] and [[Sasanian Empire]]s, among others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://namak.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120711215142/http://namak.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=9001141115|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 July 2012|title=Fars Library|access-date=19 April 2012}}</ref> Iran considers the island to have been occupied by the UK and refers to the agreement between Iran and the emirate of Sharjah in 1971.<ref name="pgpm" />

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2012}}, the island had about 2,131 inhabitants, making it Iran's smallest [[Counties of Iran|county]].<ref>{{cite web
| url         = http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x%3D%26men%3Dgadm%26lng%3Den%26des%3Dwg%26geo%3D-106%26srt%3Dpnan%26col%3Dabcdefghinoq%26msz%3D1500%26va%3Dx
| title       = Archived copy
| access-date  = 22 June 2011
}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The city of Abu Musa had 1,953 inhabitants in 2012, up 248 from 2006.<ref>{{cite web
| url         = http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x%3D%26men%3Dgcis%26lng%3Den%26des%3Dwg%26geo%3D-106%26srt%3Dpnan%26col%3Dabcdefghinoq%26msz%3D1500%26geo%3D-5101
| title       = Archived copy
| access-date  = 27 January 2010
}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

Most of the native residents of the island speak the "Bandari" dialect of [[Persian language|Persian]].

UAE citizens living on the island allegedly face "great difficulties" with the lack of proper clinics and schools. Only one school exists on the island,<ref>{{cite news |last1=الأمير |first1=نورا |title="التربية" تفتح باب نقل المعلمين إلى مدرسة أبو موسى |url=https://www.albayan.ae/across-the-uae/education/2017-02-02-1.2845589 |access-date=2 January 2019 |work=Al Bayan |date=2 February 2017 |language=ar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103005152/https://www.albayan.ae/across-the-uae/education/2017-02-02-1.2845589 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> and it is used by 150 students.<ref name="People">{{cite news| last1= Ashor| first1= Ahmed| title= إماراتيّون في "أبوموسى" يعيشون حياة بدائية تحت الاحتلال| trans-title= Emiratis in Abu Musa live a primitive life under occupation| url= http://www.emaratalyoum.com/local-section/other/2010-04-22-1.231277| access-date= 7 July 2017| language= ar| work= Emarat Al Youm| date= 22 April 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180801221001/https://www.emaratalyoum.com/local-section/other/2010-04-22-1.231277| archive-date= 1 August 2018| url-status= dead}}</ref> Moreover, patients have to be transported to [[Sharjah]] to receive treatment, but that is sometimes not feasible because of the Iranian authorities.<ref name="People" /> In addition, Iran allegedly delays or blocks UAE's school and medical supplies from entering the island.<ref name="People" />

== Climate ==
The island’s climate is hot and [[arid]]. Classified as ''BWh'' under [[Köppen climate classification]]. The Island has warm to hot weather throughout the year, with all months averaging above {{Convert|20|C|F|abbr=on}}, almost all of the annual precipitation falls during the winter season.  
{{Weather box
| location = Abu Musa Island (normals 1991-2020 extremes 1984-2020)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 28.2
| Feb record high C = 30.0
| Mar record high C = 36.0
| Apr record high C = 39.6
| May record high C = 41.8
| Jun record high C = 42.0
| Jul record high C = 45.0
| Aug record high C = 42.6
| Sep record high C = 43.0
| Oct record high C = 43.0
| Nov record high C = 35.0
| Dec record high C = 30.6
| Jan high C = 23.2
| Feb high C = 23.7
| Mar high C = 25.6
| Apr high C = 29.0
| May high C = 32.5
| Jun high C = 34.8
| Jul high C = 36.6
| Aug high C = 37.0
| Sep high C = 35.7
| Oct high C = 33.4
| Nov high C = 29.4
| Dec high C = 25.5
| Jan mean C = 21.3
| Feb mean C = 21.7
| Mar mean C = 23.4
| Apr mean C = 26.5
| May mean C = 30.0
| Jun mean C = 32.5
| Jul mean C = 34.2
| Aug mean C = 34.5
| Sep mean C = 33.2
| Oct mean C = 31.1
| Nov mean C = 27.3
| Dec mean C = 23.5
| Jan low C = 18.3
| Feb low C = 18.7
| Mar low C = 20.4
| Apr low C = 23.3
| May low C = 26.7
| Jun low C = 29.0
| Jul low C = 30.9
| Aug low C = 31.0
| Sep low C = 29.5
| Oct low C = 27.2
| Nov low C = 23.8
| Dec low C = 20.3
| Jan record low C = 11.0
| Feb record low C = 8.0
| Mar record low C = 11.6
| Apr record low C = 15.8
| May record low C = 19.2
| Jun record low C = 23.0
| Jul record low C = 26.2
| Aug record low C = 26.2
| Sep record low C = 24.0
| Oct record low C = 19.0
| Nov record low C = 16.4
| Dec record low C = 11.0

| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 29.5
| Feb precipitation mm = 14.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 28.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 4.2
| May precipitation mm = 0.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 0.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 1.6
| Nov precipitation mm = 15.7
| Dec precipitation mm = 29.0
| year precipitation mm = 
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 2.6
| Feb precipitation days = 1.6
| Mar precipitation days = 2.4
| Apr precipitation days = 0.7
| May precipitation days = 0.1
| Jun precipitation days = 0.0
| Jul precipitation days = 0.0
| Aug precipitation days = 0.0
| Sep precipitation days = 0.0
| Oct precipitation days = 0.1
| Nov precipitation days = 1.3
| Dec precipitation days = 2.2
| Jan humidity    =60
| Feb humidity    =64
| Mar humidity    =69
| Apr humidity    =70
| May humidity    =72
| Jun humidity    =73
| Jul humidity    =70
| Aug humidity    =69
| Sep humidity    =68
| Oct humidity    =64
| Nov humidity    =58
| Dec humidity    =60
| Jan dew point C =13.0
| Feb dew point C =14.4
| Mar dew point C =17.0
| Apr dew point C =20.4
| May dew point C =24.1
| Jun dew point C =26.8
| Jul dew point C =27.8
| Aug dew point C =27.7
| Sep dew point C =26.4
| Oct dew point C =23.2
| Nov dew point C =18.0
| Dec dew point C =15.0

| Jan sun  =232
| Feb sun  =223
| Mar sun  =233
| Apr sun  =264
| May sun  =313
| Jun sun  =310
| Jul sun  =281
| Aug sun  =291
| Sep sun  =277
| Oct sun  =290
| Nov sun  =258
| Dec sun  =237
| Jan uv  =6
| Feb uv  =6
| Mar uv  =6
| Apr uv  =7
| May uv  =8
| Jun uv  =8
| Jul uv  =8
| Aug uv  =8
| Sep uv  =8
| Oct uv  =7
| Nov uv  =7
| Dec uv  =6

|source = [[National Centers for Environmental Information|NOAA NCEI]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/AbumusaIsland_40890.csv |title=World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Abumusa Island |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=ncei.noaa.gov |publisher=[[NOAA]] |format=CSV}}</ref>
|source 2 =IRIMO(extremes)<ref name= records/> Weather atlas(UV)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/iran/abu-musa-climate |title=Climate and monthly weather forecast Abu Musa, Iran |access-date=2024-01-27 |website=Weather Atlas}}</ref>
}}

{{Weather box |collapsed = yes
| location = Jazireh Abu Musa (1984–2010)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 27.8
| Feb record high C = 29.5
| Mar record high C = 36.0
| Apr record high C = 39.6
| May record high C = 41.8
| Jun record high C = 42.0
| Jul record high C = 45.0
| Aug record high C = 41.4
| Sep record high C = 43.0
| Oct record high C = 43.0
| Nov record high C = 35.0
| Dec record high C = 30.0
| year record high C = 45.0
| Jan high C = 23.0
| Feb high C = 23.9
| Mar high C = 25.5
| Apr high C = 28.9
| May high C = 32.5
| Jun high C = 34.5
| Jul high C = 36.3
| Aug high C = 36.7
| Sep high C = 35.4
| Oct high C = 33.2
| Nov high C = 29.6
| Dec high C = 25.4
| year high C = 
| Jan mean C = 20.5
| Feb mean C = 21.0
| Mar mean C = 22.9
| Apr mean C = 26.0
| May mean C = 29.5
| Jun mean C = 31.6
| Jul mean C = 33.5
| Aug mean C = 33.7
| Sep mean C = 32.3
| Oct mean C = 30.0
| Nov mean C = 26.6
| Dec mean C = 22.7
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = 18.0
| Feb low C = 18.5
| Mar low C = 20.3
| Apr low C = 23.1
| May low C = 26.5
| Jun low C = 28.8
| Jul low C = 30.6
| Aug low C = 30.8
| Sep low C = 29.2
| Oct low C = 26.8
| Nov low C = 23.7
| Dec low C = 20.0
| year low C = 
| Jan record low C = 11.0
| Feb record low C = 8.0
| Mar record low C = 11.6
| Apr record low C = 15.8
| May record low C = 19.2
| Jun record low C = 23.4
| Jul record low C = 26.2
| Aug record low C = 26.8
| Sep record low C = 24.0
| Oct record low C = 19.0
| Nov record low C = 17.0
| Dec record low C = 11.0
| year record low C = 8.0
| precipitation colour = 
| Jan precipitation mm = 30.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 20.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 28.1
| Apr precipitation mm = 6.8
| May precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 0.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 0.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 1.6
| Nov precipitation mm = 5.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 33.7
| year precipitation mm = 
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 2.4
| Feb precipitation days = 1.9
| Mar precipitation days = 2.3
| Apr precipitation days = 0.7
| May precipitation days = 0.0
| Jun precipitation days = 0.0
| Jul precipitation days = 0.0
| Aug precipitation days = 0.0
| Sep precipitation days = 0.0
| Oct precipitation days = 0.1
| Nov precipitation days = 0.8
| Dec precipitation days = 2.8
| year precipitation days = 11.0
| Jan humidity = 61
| Feb humidity = 66
| Mar humidity = 69
| Apr humidity = 71
| May humidity = 72
| Jun humidity = 74
| Jul humidity = 71
| Aug humidity = 70
| Sep humidity = 69
| Oct humidity = 65
| Nov humidity = 60
| Dec humidity = 62
| year humidity = 
| Jan sun = 227.4
| Feb sun = 225.9
| Mar sun = 231.6
| Apr sun = 267.4
| May sun = 312.4
| Jun sun = 315.8
| Jul sun = 284.7
| Aug sun = 294.5
| Sep sun = 280.5
| Oct sun = 293.9
| Nov sun = 263.4
| Dec sun = 228.9
| year sun =
| source 1 = Iran Meteorological Organization (records),<ref name= records>*{{cite web
| url        = http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/7.asp
| title        = Highest record temperature in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010
| publisher        = Iran Meteorological Organization
| access-date        = 8 April 2015
| archive-url        = https://web.archive.org/web/20161105101537/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/7.asp
| archive-date        = 5 November 2016
| url-status        = dead
}}
* {{cite web
| url        = http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/6.asp
| title        = Lowest record temperature in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010
| publisher        = Iran Meteorological Organization
| access-date        = 8 April 2015
| archive-url        = https://web.archive.org/web/20161105161554/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/6.asp
| archive-date        = 5 November 2016
| url-status        = dead
}}</ref> (temperatures),<ref name=temperatures>*{{cite web
| url        = http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/3.asp
| title        = Average Maximum temperature in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010
| publisher        = Iran Meteorological Organization
| access-date        = 8 April 2015
}}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite web
| url        = http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/5.asp
| title        = Average Mean Daily temperature in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010
| publisher        = Iran Meteorological Organization
| access-date        = 8 April 2015
| archive-url        = https://web.archive.org/web/20170419034833/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/5.asp
| archive-date        = 19 April 2017
| url-status        = dead
}}
* {{cite web
 |url         = http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/2.asp
 |title       = Average Minimum temperature in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010
 |publisher   = Iran Meteorological Organization
 |access-date  = 8 April 2015
 |url-status  = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160509094105/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/2.asp
 |archive-date = 9 May 2016
}}</ref> (precipitation),<ref name= precipitation>{{cite web
| url        = http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/25.asp
| title        = Monthly Total Precipitation in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010
| publisher        = Iran Meteorological Organization
| access-date        = 8 April 2015
| archive-url        = https://web.archive.org/web/20171007213719/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/25.asp
| archive-date        = 7 October 2017
| url-status        = dead
}}</ref> (humidity),<ref name=humidity>{{cite web
| url        = http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/14.asp
| title      = Average relative humidity in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010
| publisher  = Iran Meteorological Organization
| access-date = 8 April 2015
}}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> (days with precipitation),<ref name=precipdays>{{cite web
| url         = http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/29.asp
| title       = No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1&nbsp;mm in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010
| publisher   = Iran Meteorological Organization
| access-date  = 8 April 2015
|url-status = dead
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160509095803/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/29.asp
| archive-date = 9 May 2016
}}</ref>
(sunshine)<ref name=sunshine>{{cite web
| url         = http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/42.asp
| title       = Monthly total sunshine hours in Jazireh Abu Musa by Month 1984–2010
| publisher   = Iran Meteorological Organization
| access-date  = 8 April 2015
|url-status = dead
| archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160509095253/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/hor/ABOMOOSA/42.asp
| archive-date = 9 May 2016
}}</ref>
| date=April 2016
}}
{{clear}}

== See also ==
{{stack|{{Portal|Iran|Engineering}}}}
* [[Iran–United Arab Emirates relations]]
* [[Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs]]
* [[Sir Abu Nu'ayr]]
* [[List of lighthouses in Iran]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Sources ==
* [[Seyeed Ali Haghshenas|Haghshenas, Seyeed Ali]], ''[[Iran Historical Sovereignty over the Tunbs and BuMusa Islands]]''. 2010, [[Tehran]].

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book
| author    = Schofield, Richard
| title     = Unfinished Business: Iran, the Uae, Abu Musa and the Tunbs
| location  = London
| publisher = Royal Institute of International Affairs
| year      = 2003
| isbn      = 0-905031-90-3
}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline}}
* {{Iranica|abu-musa-bu-musa|ABU MUSĀ}}
* [http://www.geocities.com/abu_musa_town/ History, description, map of Abu Musa and nearby islands] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20091026233905/http://geocities.com/abu_musa_town/ Archived] 2009-10-24)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060106134449/http://thepersiangulf.org/abumusaandthetunbs.html History of Abu Musa and The Tunbs]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110525003743/http://www.uaeinteract.com/news/?ID=147 UAE Interact Abu Musa News]
* [http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iran/facility/abu-musa.htm Abu Musa's military garrison]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070622155007/http://www.american.edu/TED/abumusa.htm Dispute between Iran and Sharjah]
* [http://www.netnative.com/news/02/oct/1053.html Report of the International symposium on Modern Boundaries of Iran – Problems and practices of Iranian boundaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827132323/http://www.netnative.com/news/02/oct/1053.html |date=27 August 2019 }}, Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh, 10/15/02
* [https://www.ibiblio.org/lighthouse/photos/NearEast/AbuMusaIRN.jpg Picture of Abu Musa Lighthouse]

{{coord|25|52|N|55|02|E|type:isle|display=title}}

{{Territorial disputes in Western Asia}}
{{Iranian islands in the Persian Gulf}}
{{Hormozgan Province}}
{{Authority control | additional=Q33412878}}

[[Category:Abumusa County]]
[[Category:Disputed islands of Asia]]
[[Category:Disputed territories in the Persian Gulf]]
[[Category:Islands of Iran]]
[[Category:Islands of the Persian Gulf]]
[[Category:Territorial disputes of Iran]]
[[Category:Territorial disputes of the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:Lighthouses in Iran]]