View source for Abakan

{{Short description|City in the Republic of Khakassia, Russia}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
| en_name                 = Abakan
| ru_name                 = Абакан
| loc_name1               = Ағбан
| loc_lang1               = Khakas
| loc_name2               = Абахан
| loc_lang2               = Khakas
| image_skyline           = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             = 
| map_label_position      = right
| coordinates             = {{coord|53|43|10|N|91|26|23|E|display=inline,title}}
| image_flag              = Flag of Abakan (Khakassia).png
| flag_caption            = 
| image_coa               = Coat of Arms of Abakan (Khakassia).png
| coa_caption             = 
| anthem                  = 
| anthem_ref              = 
| holiday                 = Second to last Saturday in August
| holiday_ref             = <ref name="Holiday">Charter of Abakan, Article&nbsp;7</ref>
<!-- administrative status -->
| federal_subject         = [[Republic of Khakassia]]
| federal_subject_ref     = <ref name="Ref54" />
| adm_district_jur        = 
| adm_district_jur_ref    = 
| adm_inhabloc_jur        = [[City of federal subject significance|City]] of Abakan
| adm_inhabloc_jur_ref    = <ref name="Ref54" />
| adm_citydistrict_type   = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur       = 
| adm_selsoviet_type      = 
| adm_selsoviet_jur_ref   = 
| capital_of              = Republic of Khakassia
| capital_of_ref          = <ref name="Ref54" /><ref name="ODW">{{harvnb|Munro|1995|p=2}}</ref>
| adm_ctr_of1             = City of Abakan
| adm_ctr_of1_ref         = <ref name="Ref54" />
| adm_ctr_of2             = 
| adm_ctr_of2_ref         = 
| inhabloc_cat            = City
| inhabloc_cat_ref        = <ref name="Ref54" />
| inhabloc_type           = 
| inhabloc_type_ref       = 
<!-- municipal status -->
| mun_district_jur        = 
| mun_district_jur_ref    = 
| urban_okrug_jur         = Abakan Urban Okrug
| urban_okrug_jur_ref     = <ref name="Ref741" />
| urban_settlement_jur    = 
| urban_settlement_jur_ref       = 
| rural_settlement_jur    = 
| rural_settlement_jur_ref       = 
| inter_settlement_territory     = 
| inter_settlement_territory_ref = 
| mun_admctr_of1          = Abakan Urban Okrug
| mun_admctr_of1_ref      = <ref name="Ref741" />
| mun_admctr_of2          = 
| mun_admctr_of2_ref      = 
| leader_title            = Head
| leader_title_ref        = <ref name="HeadLegis">Charter of Abakan, Article&nbsp;20</ref>
| leader_name             = Alexey Lemin 
| leader_name_ref         = <ref name="Lead">{{cite web | url =  http://xn--80aaac0ct.xn--p1ai/main/glava-goroda-i-ego-zamestiteli/aleksej-viktorovich-lyomin.html | title =  Абакан - Официальный портал {{!}} Алексей Викторович Лемин | access-date =  January 2, 2023 | archive-date =  April 6, 2022 | archive-url =  https://web.archive.org/web/20220406164648/https://xn--80aaac0ct.xn--p1ai/main/glava-goroda-i-ego-zamestiteli/aleksej-viktorovich-lyomin.html | url-status =  dead }}</ref>
| representative_body     = [[Council of Deputies of Abakan|Council of Deputies]]
| representative_body_ref = <ref name="HeadLegis" />
<!-- statistics -->
| elevation_m             = 
| area_km2                = 
| area_km2_ref            = 
| pop_2010census          = 165214
| pop_2010census_rank     = 109th
| pop_2010census_ref      = <ref name="2010Census" />
| pop_density             = 
| pop_latest              = 173200
| pop_latest_date         = January 2014
| pop_latest_ref          = <ref name="2014Est">Republic of Khakassia Territorial Branch of the [[Russian Federal State Statistics Service|Federal State Statistics Service]]. [http://hakasstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/hakasstat/resources/7e23de0043e1d7da821ccbd92111eac8/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.htm Численность населения на начало года] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140515051743/http://hakasstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/hakasstat/resources/7e23de0043e1d7da821ccbd92111eac8/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.htm |date=May 15, 2014 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
| population_demonym      = 
<!-- history -->
| established_date        = 1675
| established_title       = 
| established_date_ref    = <ref name="gr" />
| current_cat_date        = 30 April 1931
| current_cat_date_ref    = <ref name="XformRename" />
| abolished_date          = 
| abolished_date_ref      = 
<!-- misc -->
| postal_codes            = 655000–655012, 655014–655019, 655022, 655400, 655899, 655961, 655965, 655966
| postal_codes_ref        = 
| dialing_codes           = 3902
| dialing_codes_ref       = 
| website                 = http://абакан.рф
}}
'''Abakan''' ({{langx|ru|Абака́н}} {{IPA|ru|ɐbɐˈkan||audio=Abakan city pronunciation.ogg}}; {{langx|kjh|Ағбан}} {{Transliteration|kjh|Ağban}}, {{lang|kjh|Абахан}} {{Transliteration|kjh|Abaxan}}) is the [[capital city]] of [[Khakassia]], [[Russia]], located in the central part of the [[Minusinsk Depression]], at the [[confluence]] of the [[Yenisei River|Yenisei]] and [[Abakan River]]s. As of the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]], it had a population of&nbsp;165,214<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>—a slight increase over&nbsp;165,197 recorded during the [[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Census]]<ref name="2002Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}</ref> and a further increase from&nbsp;154,092 recorded during the [[Soviet Census (1989)|1989 Census]].<ref name="1989Census">{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}}</ref>{{Historical populations|3=1926|4=3000|5=1939|6=36652|7=1959|8=56416|9=1970|10=90136|11=1979|12=128311|13=1989|14=154092|15=2002|16=165197|17=2010|18=165214|19=2021|20=184769|type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}

==History==
Abakansky ''[[ostrog (fortress)|ostrog]]'' ({{lang|ru|Абаканский острог}}), also known as '''Abakansk''' ({{lang|ru|Абаканск}}), was built at the mouth of the [[Abakan River]] in 1675.<ref name="gr">{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|trans-title="Cities and Towns of Russia" Encyclopedia|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=13}}</ref> In the 1780s, the ''[[village#Russia|selo]]'' of '''Ust-Abakanskoye''' ({{lang|ru|Усть-Абаканское}}) was established in this area.<ref name="gr" /> It was granted town status and given its current name on 30 April 1931.<ref name="XformRename">Resolution of April&nbsp;30, 1931</ref>

{{see also|Abakan palace ruins}}
In 1940, Russian construction workers found ancient ruins during the construction of a highway between Abakan and [[Askiz (rural locality)|Askiz]]. When the site was excavated by Soviet archaeologists in 1941–1945, they realized that they had discovered a building absolutely unique for the area: a large (1500 square meters) Chinese-style, likely [[Han dynasty]] era (206 BC–220 AD) palace. The identity of the high-ranking personage who lived luxuriously in Chinese style, far outside the Han Empire's borders, has remained a matter for discussion ever since. Russian archaeologist {{ill|Lidiya Yevtyukhova|ru|Евтюхова, Лидия Алексеевна}} surmised, based on circumstantial evidence, that the palace may have been the residence of [[Li Ling]], a Chinese general who had been defeated by the [[Xiongnu]] in 99&nbsp;BCE, and defected to them as a result.<ref>{{harvnb|Yevtyukhova|1954}}{{page needed|date=August 2014}}</ref> While this opinion has remained popular, other views have been expressed as well. More recently, for example, it was claimed by {{ill|Aleksey Kovalyov (archaeologist)|ru|Ковалёв, Алексей Анатольевич|lt=Aleksey Kovalyov}} as the residence of {{ill|Lu Fang (warlord)|zh|盧芳 (東漢)|lt=Lu Fang}}, a Han throne pretender from the [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Guangwu]] era.<ref>{{harvnb|Kovalyov|2007|p=148}}</ref>

===Lithuanian and Polish exiles===
In the late 18th and during the 19th century, Lithuanian participants in the 1794, [[November Uprising|1830–1831]], and [[January Uprising|1863]] rebellions against Russian rule were exiled to Abakan. A group of [[labor camp|camp]]s was established where prisoners were forced to work in the coal mines. After [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]'s death, Lithuanian exiles from the nearby settlements moved in.<ref>{{harvnb|Juodvalkytė|2001}}{{page needed|date=August 2014}}</ref>

Also Polish exiles were deported to Khakassia, with the some descendants still living in the region. In 1994, a local Polish school was founded, which was supported by the local authorities until 2014, and in 1999, a Polish-language faculty was introduced at the local [[Khakassian State University]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Goreva|first=Svetlana|editor-last=Leończyk|editor-first=Sergiusz|year=2019|title=Polacy na Syberii od XIX do XXI wieku|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=99|chapter=Dzieje Szkoły polonijnej w Abakanie 1994–2019|isbn=978-83-64206-39-9}}</ref>

==Administrative and municipal status==
Abakan is the [[capital city|capital]] of the republic.<ref name="Ref54">Law #20</ref><ref name="EB">{{harvnb|Hoiberg|1993|p=7}}</ref> Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], it is incorporated as the '''[[City of federal subject significance|City]] of Abakan'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of the Republic of Khakassia|districts]]<ref name="Ref54" /> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the City of Abakan is incorporated as '''Abakan Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref741">Law #59</ref>

==Economy==
The city has an industry enterprises, [[Khakassian State University|Katanov State University of Khakasia]], and three theatres. Furthermore, it has a commercial center that produces [[footwear]], [[foodstuff]]s, and metal products.

===Transportation===
[[File:Rossiya Tu-214 in front of terminal at Abakan Airport.jpg|thumb|Abakan Airport]]
Abakan (together with [[Tayshet]]) was a terminal of the major [[Abakan-Taishet Railway]]. Now it is an important railway junction.

The city is served by the [[Abakan International Airport]].

==Military==
The 100th Air Assault Brigade of the [[Russian Airborne Troops]] was based in the city until circa&nbsp;1996.<ref>{{harvnb|Schofield|1993}}{{page needed|date=August 2014}}</ref>

==Sites==
[[File:Abakan-02.JPG|thumb|Statue of [[Vladimir Lenin]] in Abakan]]
[[File:Abakan scenery.jpg|thumb|Abakan Cathedral of the Transfiguration]]
Abakan's sites of interest include:
* Holy Transfiguration Cathedral (Russian: Спасо-Преображенский кафедральный собор (Spaso-Preobrazhenskiy kafedral’nyy sobor))
* "Good Angel of Peace" sculpture (Russian: Скульптура «Добрый ангел мира» (Skul’ptura «Dobryy angel mira»))
* Park of Topiary Art (Russian: Парк топиарного искусства (Park Topiarnogo Iskusstva))
* Khakas National local history museum named after [[:ru:Кызласов, Леонид Романович|Leonid Kyzlasov]]  (Russian: Хакасский краеведческий музей имени Л.Р. Кызласова (Khakasskiy Natsional'nyy Krayevedcheskiy Muzey Im. L.R. Kyzlasova))

==Sports==
[[Bandy]], similar to [[hockey]], is one of the most popular sports in the city. [[Sayany-Khakassia]]<ref>[http://xakac.info/files/news/43/11/news1425826770.jpeg Team picture of Sayany-Khakassia]</ref> was playing in the top-tier Super League in the 2012–13 season but was relegated for the 2013–14 season and has been playing in the [[Russian Bandy Supreme League]] ever since. The [[Russian Government Cup]] was played here in 1988 and in 2012.

== Geography ==

=== Climate ===
[[File:Фонтан у обновленного входа в Абаканский зоопарк.jpg|thumb|Abakan Zoo]]
Abakan has a borderline [[humid continental climate|dry-winter continental]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dwb'')/[[cold semi-arid climate]] (Köppen ''BSk''). Temperature differences between seasons are extreme, which is typical for Siberia. Precipitation is concentrated in the summer and is less common because of rain shadows from nearby mountains.
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location=Abakan
|single line=yes
|metric first=yes
|Jan record high C=7.2
|Feb record high C=9.1
|Mar record high C=20.2
|Apr record high C=33.5
|May record high C=37.6
|Jun record high C=37.1
|Jul record high C=38.5
|Aug record high C=36.3
|Sep record high C=34.3
|Oct record high C=24.5
|Nov record high C=15.6
|Dec record high C=7.5
|year record high C= 
|Jan avg record high C = 0.1
|Feb avg record high C = 1.8
|Mar avg record high C = 11.6
|Apr avg record high C = 22.5
|May avg record high C = 30.1
|Jun avg record high C = 32.3
|Jul avg record high C = 33.7
|Aug avg record high C = 31.5
|Sep avg record high C = 25.9
|Oct avg record high C = 18.3
|Nov avg record high C = 8.3
|Dec avg record high C = 1.8
|year avg record high C = 34.5
|Jan high C=−12.3
|Feb high C=−8.6
|Mar high C=1.0
|Apr high C=11.5
|May high C=19.9
|Jun high C=24.7
|Jul high C=26.8
|Aug high C=24.1
|Sep high C=17.0
|Oct high C=8.5
|Nov high C=-2.4
|Dec high C = −9.7
|year high C =  
|Jan mean C = -17.8
|Feb mean C = -15.2
|Mar mean C = -5.4
|Apr mean C = 4.4
|May mean C = 12.3
|Jun mean C = 17.8
|Jul mean C = 20.4
|Aug mean C = 17.6
|Sep mean C = 10.7
|Oct mean C = 2.9
|Nov mean C = -7.2
|Dec mean C = -14.8
|year mean C =  
|Jan low C = −23.3
|Feb low C = −21.8
|Mar low C = −11.8
|Apr low C = -2.7
|May low C = 4.6
|Jun low C = 10.9
|Jul low C = 13.9
|Aug low C = 11.0
|Sep low C = 4.3
|Oct low C = -2.7
|Nov low C = −11.9
|Dec low C = −19.9
|year low C = 
|Jan avg record low C = -34.9
|Feb avg record low C = -33.5
|Mar avg record low C = -25.7
|Apr avg record low C = -11.6
|May avg record low C = -5.0
|Jun avg record low C = 3.3
|Jul avg record low C = 8.4
|Aug avg record low C = 4.3
|Sep avg record low C = -3.3
|Oct avg record low C = -12.1
|Nov avg record low C = -24.5
|Dec avg record low C = -32.7
|year avg record low C = -37.4
|Jan record low C = −47.6
|Feb record low C = −45.1
|Mar record low C = −38.7
|Apr record low C = −23.2
|May record low C = −11.1
|Jun record low C = -3.6
|Jul record low C = 1.2
|Aug record low C = 0.2
|Sep record low C = −9.5
|Oct record low C = −22.9
|Nov record low C = −37.6
|Dec record low C = −43.8
|year record low C =  
|Jan precipitation mm = 7.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 5.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 4.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 12.3
|May precipitation mm = 27.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 55.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 66.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 61.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 35.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 16.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 10.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 8.0
|year precipitation mm = 
|Jan precipitation days = 2.6
|Feb precipitation days = 2.0
|Mar precipitation days = 1.4
|Apr precipitation days = 3.4
|May precipitation days = 5.9
|Jun precipitation days = 9.3
|Jul precipitation days = 8.8
|Aug precipitation days = 9.4
|Sep precipitation days = 7.2
|Oct precipitation days = 3.8
|Nov precipitation days = 3.1
|Dec precipitation days = 2.4
|year precipitation days =  
|source 1=  Météo climat stats<ref>{{cite web |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/listenormale-1981-2010-2-p239.php|title=Moyennes 1981-2010 Russie (Asie)|language=fr|access-date=1 November 2019}}</ref>
|source 2= Météo Climat<ref>{{cite web|url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=2393|title=Météo Climat stats for Abakan |publisher=Météo Climat|access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref>
|date=November 2019
}}

== Local government ==
The structure of the local government in the city of Abakan is as follows:<ref name="УставГорода">{{Cite web |url=http://xn--h1ahm5cm.xn--80aaac0ct.xn--p1ai/aboutcity/ustav.html |title=Мэрия Абакана / Устав города Абакана |trans-title=City Hall of Abakan / Charter of the city of Abakan |publisher=мэрия.абакан.рф |accessdate=2019-12-04 |archive-date=2019-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208092304/http://xn--h1ahm5cm.xn--80aaac0ct.xn--p1ai/aboutcity/ustav.html}}</ref>
* council of deputies of the city of Abakan - a representative body of the municipality;
* the head of the city of Abakan - the head of the municipality;
* the administration of the city of Abakan - the executive and administrative body of the municipality;
* auditing commission of the municipality of the city of Abakan - the control and accounting body of the municipality.

; Council of Deputies
The council consists of 28 deputies. Deputies are elected in single-member constituencies and on party lists. Elections of deputies of the VI convocation were held on a [[2018 Russian elections|single voting day in 2018]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+Composition of the City Council<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vybory.izbirkom.ru/region/izbirkom?action=show&vrn=4194013334654&region=19&prver=1&pronetvd=1 |title=Сведения о проводящихся выборах и референдумах |trans-title=Information about ongoing elections and referendums |website=www.vybory.izbirkom.ru |access-date=2022-01-07 |archive-date=2022-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107183135/http://www.vybory.izbirkom.ru/region/izbirkom?action=show&vrn=4194013334654&region=19&prver=1&pronetvd=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |language=ru |url=https://xn--80aaac0ct.xn--p1ai/sovet-deputatov/sostav-soveta-deputatov.html |title=Состав Совета депутатов |trans-title=Composition of the Council of Deputies |website=абакан.рф |access-date=2022-01-07 |archive-date=2022-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107183137/https://xn--80aaac0ct.xn--p1ai/sovet-deputatov/sostav-soveta-deputatov.html}}</ref>
! rowspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Number of deputies
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!By okrug
!By lists
|-
|[[United Russia]]
|11
|5 (28.83%)
|16
|-
|[[Communist Party of the Russian Federation|CPRF]]
|2
|3 (23.97%)
|5
|-
|[[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia|LDPR]]
|0
|3 (22.19%)
|3
|-
|[[Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice|Party of Pensioners]]
|0
|1 (7.11%)
|1
|-
|[[A Just Russia – For Truth]]
|0
|1 (6.93%)
|1
|-
|[[Communists of Russia]]
|0
|1 (6.83%)
|1
|-
|[[Independent politician|Self-nominated]]
|1
| ---
|1
|-
|
|'''14'''
|'''14'''
|'''28'''
|}

; Head of the city (head of the municipality)
* Alexey Viktorovich Lyomin

; Chairman of the Council of Deputies
* Albert Yuryevich Tupikin

; Nikolai Bulakin Prize
In 2021, the annual Nikolai Bulakin Prize of Abakan was established for outstanding services and achievements in the city's development. The award includes a monetary reward of 200,000 rubles and a diploma.<ref>Applicants for the N. G. Bulakin Prize - Abakan. - 2021. - November 24. - p. 4.</ref><ref>[https://abakan-news.ru/2021/10/15/премия-имени-н-г-булакина-новая-муниц/ Новая муниципальная награда] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204073756/https://abakan-news.ru/2021/10/15/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%BD-%D0%B3-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86/ |date=December 4, 2021 }} — IRTA Abakan, 15 October 2021.</ref>

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|kk|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|kk|mun|list|abakan}}
*{{RussiaBasicLawRef|kk|abakan}}
*{{Cite Soviet law
|ru_entity=Президиум Центрального исполнительного комитета СССР
|ru_type=Постановление
|ru_date=30 апреля 1931 г.
|ru_title=О преобразовании села Усть-Абаканское, центра Хакасской автономной области, в город с переименованием его в "Абакан"
|ru_effective_date=
|ru_published_in=
|ru_published_date=
|ru_url=
|en_entity=Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR
|en_type=Resolution
|en_date=April&nbsp;30, 1931
|en_title=On the Transformation of the ''Selo'' of Ust-Abakanskoye, the Center of Khakas Autonomous Oblast, into a City and on Renaming It "Abakan"
|en_effective_date=
|en_url=
}}
*{{Cite web |author=Anon |url=http://climatebase.ru/station/29865/?lang=en |title=Abakan, Khakasia, Russia #29865 |year=2012a |website=climatebase.ru |access-date=August 14, 2014 |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070807/http://climatebase.ru/station/29865/?lang=en |url-status=live |df=mdy }}
*{{Cite web |author=Anon |year=2011 |url=http://www.timetemperature.com/europe/russia_time_zones.shtml |website=TimeTemperature.com |access-date=August 13, 2014 |title=Russia Time Zones - Russia Current Times |archive-date=July 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707140404/http://www.timetemperature.com/europe/russia_time_zones.shtml |url-status=dead |df=mdy }}
*{{Cite book|last=Yevtyukhova|first=L. A.|chapter=Южная Сибирь в древности [Southern Siberia in Ancient Times]|script-title=ru:По следам древних культур: от Волги до Тихого Океана|trans-title=Tracing Ancient Cultures between the Volga and the Pacific|location=Moscow, Russia|year=1954|pages=195–224|language=ru}}
*{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Hoiberg|editor-first=Dale H.|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|edition=15th|year=1993|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|volume=1: A-ak Bayes|location=Chicago, Illinois|isbn=0-85229-961-3|lccn=2002113989|title=The New Encyclopaedia Britannica}}
*{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Juodvalkytė|first=Aldona|title=Abakan (Abakanas)|volume=I: A-Ar|encyclopedia=Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia|year=2001|language=lt|publisher=Science and Encyclopedia Publishing Institute|location=Vilnius, Lithuania|url=https://www.vle.lt/Straipsnis/abakan-104534}}
*{{Cite book|last=Kovalyov|first=A. A.|chapter=Китайский император на Енисее? Ещё раз о хозяине ташебинского «дворца» [Chinese Emperor on the Yenisy? Once Again About the Owner of the Tashebik "Palace"]|trans-title=The Ethnohistory and Archaeology of Northern Eurasia: Theory, Methods, and Practice|script-title=ru:Этноистория и археология Северной Евразии: теория, методология и практика исследования|location=Irkutsk, Russian|year=2007|pages=145–148|language=ru|isbn=978-5-8038-0430-7|url=http://otval.spb.ru/library/kovalov-aa-2007.pdf|archive-date=August 14, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814125908/http://otval.spb.ru/library/kovalov-aa-2007.pdf|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}
*{{Cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Munro|editor-first=David|year=1995|encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of the World|isbn=0-19-866184-3|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, UK|title=Abakan|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/oxforddictionary00munr}}
*{{Cite book|last=Schofield|first=Carey|year=1993|title=The Russian Elite: Inside Spetsnaz and the Airborne Forces|pages=249–251|publisher=Greenhill Press|isbn=1-8536-7155-X}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Abakan}}
{{EB1911 poster|Abakansk}}

*{{in lang|ru}} [http://абакан.рф/ Official website of Abakan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028162118/https://xn--80aaac0ct.xn--p1ai/ |date=October 28, 2021 }}
*{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.abakan.ru Unofficial website of Abakan]
*{{in lang|ru}} [https://abakan.jsprav.ru/ Directory of organizations in Abakan]
*[http://russiatrek.org/abakan-city Abakan city streets views]
*{{in lang|tr}} [http://www.pdx.edu/turkish_studies_center/books] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620033315/https://www.pdx.edu/turkish_studies_center/books |date=June 20, 2018 }} Beyaz Arif Akbas, "Khakassia: The Lost Land", Portland State Center for Turkish Studies, 2007

{{Republic of Khakassia}}
{{Russian republics capitals}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2011}}

[[Category:Abakan| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Khakassia]]
[[Category:Yeniseysk Governorate]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1675]]
[[Category:1675 establishments in Russia]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Yenisei River]]