View source for ATM (computer)

{{Short description|ZX Spectrum clone developed in Moscow in 1991 by two firms, MicroArt and ATM.}}
{{for-multi|the computerized device used to perform bank transactions|Automatic teller machine|the communications protocol|Asynchronous Transfer Mode|the software PostScript font renderer|Adobe Type Manager}}{{Infobox information appliance
| name = ATM Turbo
| title = 
| aka = АТМ-ТУРБО
| logo = 
| image = Computer_board_atmturbo2.jpg
| caption = ATM Turbo 2+ motherboard
| developer = MicroArt and ATM; NedoPC
| manufacturer = 
| family = 
| type = [[Home computer]]
| generation = 
| releasedate = {{Start date and age|1991}}
| lifespan = 
| price = 
| discontinued = 
| unitssold = 
| unitsshipped = 
| media = 
| os = ATM Turbo 1: [[Sinclair BASIC]], [[TR-DOS]], [[CP/M]] <br>ATM Turbo 2+: [[iS-DOS]]/[[TASiS]], [[DNA OS]], [[Mr Gluk Reset Service]]
| power = 
| soc = 
| cpu = [[Zilog Z80]]
| CPUspeed = 3.5 and 7 MHz; 14 MHz (ZX Evolution)
| memory = 128 to 512 KB (ATM Turbo 1); 128 to 1024 KB (ATM Turbo 2+); 4MB RAM (ZX Evolution)
| storage = [[Floppy disk]], [[Parallel ATA#IDE and ATA-1|IDE]] devices (ATM Turbo 2)
| memory card = SD card (ZX Evolution)
| display = [[SECAM]] TV, [[Enhanced Graphics Adapter|EGA]] monitor, [[VGA monitor]] (ZX Evolution)
| graphics = [[256x192]], [[320x200]], [[640x200]]
| sound = Beeper (1-bit); [[AY-3-8910]]; [[Covox]]
| input = 
| controllers = 
| camera = 
| touchpad = 
| connectivity = 
| platform = 
| service = 
| dimensions = 
| weight = 
| topgame = 
| compatibility = [[ZX Spectrum]]
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| related = [[Pentagon (computer)]]
| website = 
}}
The '''ATM Turbo''' (ru: "'''АТМ-ТУРБО'''"), also known simply as '''ATM''' (from ru: "'''А'''ссоциация '''Т'''ворческой '''М'''олодёжи", meaning "Association of Creative Youth") is a [[List of ZX Spectrum clones|ZX Spectrum clone]], developed in [[Moscow]] in 1991,<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=КОМПЬЮТЕРУ АТМ-ТУРБО 30 ЛЕТ! |trans-title=ATM-TURBO COMPUTER IS 30 YEARS OLD! |url=https://www-invertor-ru.translate.goog/news_comp_30.html?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=ru&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-EN |website=invertor.ru |language=Russian}}</ref> by two firms, ''[[MicroArt]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=КОМПЬЮТЕРУ АТМ-ТУРБО 30 ЛЕТ! |trans-title=ATM-TURBO COMPUTER IS 30 YEARS OLD! |url=https://microart.ru/dopolnitelno/novosti/novosti/atmturbo-30-let/ |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=МИКРОАРТ ПРО |language=ru}}</ref> and ''ATM''.

It offers enhanced characteristics, compared to the original [[ZX Spectrum|Spectrum]], such as a {{nowrap|[[Zilog Z80|Z80]] at 7 MHz}}, {{nowrap|1024 kB}} [[Random-access memory|RAM]], {{nowrap|128 kB}} [[Read-only memory|ROM]], [[General Instrument AY-3-8910|AY-8910]] (two chips in upgraded models), 8-bit [[Digital-to-analog converter|DAC]], 8-bit 8-channel [[Analog-to-digital converter|ADC]], [[RS-232]], [[parallel port]], [[Beta Disk Interface]], [[Parallel ATA|IDE]] interface, [[IBM Personal Computer/AT|AT]]/[[IBM Personal Computer XT|XT]] keyboard, [[text mode]] ({{nowrap|80x25}}, {{nowrap|16 colours}}, {{nowrap|8x8 pattern}}), and three new graphics modes.

The ATM can be [[Emulator|emulated]] in [[Unreal Speccy]] v0.27 and higher.<ref>{{Citation |last=mkoloberdin |title=mkoloberdin/unrealspeccy |date=2022-06-11 |url=https://github.com/mkoloberdin/unrealspeccy/blob/9dae221c92966104facb600f96d2894c58414299/doc/unreal_e.txt |access-date=2022-11-23}}</ref>

== History ==
ATM was developed in 1991 based on the [[Pentagon (computer)|Pentagon]], a ZX Spectrum clone popular in Russia. In 1992 an upgraded model was introduced, named '''ATM Turbo 2'''.<ref name="auto2"/> Up to 1994 the computer was produced by ''ATM'' and ''MicroArt''; later the firms separated and production ended.

In 2004 ''NedoPC'' from [[Moscow]] resumed production.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Официальный сайт группы NedoPC! |trans-title=Official website of the NedoPC group! |url=http://nedopc.com/ |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=nedopc.com |language=Russian}}</ref> New versions called '''ATM Turbo 2+''' and '''ZX Evolution''' were introduced.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATM-turbo 1,2(+),3/ZX-Evolution: официальный сайт поддержки |trans-title=ATM-turbo 1,2(+),3/ZX-Evolution: official support site |url=http://atmturbo.nedopc.com/ |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=atmturbo.nedopc.com |language=Russian}}</ref>

== Characteristics ==
=== Graphics modes ===
For compatibility purposes, the original '''{{nowrap|256 x 192}}''' [[ZX Spectrum]] mode is available.

New graphics modes offer expanded abilities: 
*'''{{nowrap|640 x 200}}''' mode, with 2 out of 16 colors per 8x1 pixels. The [[Profi (computer)|Profi]] offers a similar mode, but the ATM can use the full {{nowrap|16 colour}} set for both ink and paper.
*'''{{nowrap|320 x 200}}''' mode with a {{nowrap|16 colours}} raster mode (a two-pixel [[Packed pixel|chunky]] mode, not [[Planar (computer graphics)|planar]] like [[Enhanced Graphics Adapter|EGA]]). Two games for this mode were converted directly from [[Personal Computer|PC]]: [[Prince of Persia]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prince of Persia at Spectrum Computing - Sinclair ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware |url=https://spectrumcomputing.co.uk/entry/36306/ATM/Prince_of_Persia |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=Spectrum Computing |language=en}}</ref> and [[Goblins (computer game)|Goblins]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goblins at Spectrum Computing - Sinclair ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware |url=https://spectrumcomputing.co.uk/entry/36305/ATM/Goblins |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=Spectrum Computing |language=en}}</ref> and one from [[PlayStation|Sony PlayStation]]: [[Time Gal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Time Gal at Spectrum Computing - Sinclair ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware |url=https://spectrumcomputing.co.uk/entry/36308/ATM/Time_Gal |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=Spectrum Computing |language=en}}</ref> Other games that use this mode exist, like [[Ball Quest]], released in August, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ball Quest at Spectrum Computing - Sinclair ZX Spectrum games, software and hardware |url=https://spectrumcomputing.co.uk/entry/36293/ATM/Ball_Quest |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=Spectrum Computing |language=en}}</ref>

Palette:
* {{nowrap|16 colors}} from a 64 color [[Palette (computing)|palette]] ([[List of monochrome and RGB color formats#6-bit RGB|6-bit RGB]]) can be set for all modes.

=== Operating systems ===
48K [[Sinclair BASIC]], 128K Sinclair BASIC, [[TR-DOS]], [[CP/M]], [[iS-DOS]], [[TASiS]], [[DNA OS]], [[Mr Gluk Reset Service]].

=== Software ===
* ATM Turbo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Официальный сайт поддержки ATM-turbo 1,2,2+ |trans-title=Official support site for ATM-Turbo 1,2,2+ |url=http://atmturbo.nedopc.com/ |website=atmturbo.nedopc.com |language=Russian}}</ref>
* Virtual [[TR-DOS]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Virtual TR-DOS |url=https://vtrd.in/ |website=vtrd.in |language=Russian}}</ref>

== Models ==
Many models exist. Models before version 6.00 are called '''ATM 1''', later models are called '''ATM 2(2+)''' or '''ATM Turbo 2(2+)''' or simply '''Turbo 2+'''. An IDE interface is available since v6.00.JIO0UBH9BY8B9T7GVC6R (the latest model is 7.18<ref>{{Cite web |title=ATM-Turbo 1,2(+),3/ZX-Evolution |url=https://atmturbo-nedopc-com.translate.goog/?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=ru&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-EN |website=atmturbo.nedopc.com |language=Russian}}</ref><ref name="auto2"/>).

===ATM Turbo 1 (1991)===
Features:<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.popuw.com/atmturbo.html|title=Prince of Persia 1 ATM Turbo|website=www.popuw.com}}</ref><ref name="auto">[[:ru:ATM Turbo]]</ref>
*Processor: [[Zilog Z80]] at 3.5 and 7&nbsp;MHz ([[Turbo button|turbo mode]])
*RAM: 128 to 512 KB
*ROM: 64 to 128 KB
*Memory manager: standard for [[ZX Spectrum 128]] (memory over 64KB is addressed through a window in the upper 16KB of address space), with the ability to include a zero page of RAM in the lower 16KB of the address space
*Graphics video modes: [[ZX Spectrum graphic modes|Standard ZX Spectrum mode]] (256x192, 2 colors per block of 8x8 pixels from 16 colors); 320x200 with 16 colors per pixel; 640x200 high resolution mode with 2 out of 16 colors per 8x1 pixels
*Color palette: 64 colors, 16 can be used at the same time
*Firmware: [[Sinclair BASIC#48 BASIC|48K BASIC]] / [[Sinclair BASIC#128 BASIC|128K BASIC]]; [[TR-DOS]]; [[CP/M]] 2.2
*Supported external drives: [[Cassette tape#data|tape recorder]] ([[Cassette deck|audio cassette]]); disk drive
*Sound devices: standard 1-bit [[Piezoelectric speaker|beeper]]; [[AY-3-8910]]; [[Covox]]
*Additional devices: [[SECAM]] encoder for connection to a color TV; single-channel [[Digital-to-analog converter|DAC]]; [[modem]]; [[Parallel port|parallel interface]] for connecting a printer; stereo [[Audio power amplifier|audio amplifier]] (2x1W)
*Keyboard: mechanical matrix, standard ZX Spectrum layout (40 keys) or extended (64 keys)

===ATM Turbo 2 (1993)===
New features (relative to ATM Turbo 1):<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto" />
*Memory manager: the ability to include any page of RAM or ROM in any of the quarters of the address space
*Text mode: 80x25 text video mode, characters are stored in the character generator ROM. It is possible to set any of 16 colors for the symbol and background
*Hardware vertical scrolling in 320x200 and 640x200 modes
*Supported external drives: controller for IDE devices (hard drives of any capacity, [[CD-ROM]] ); [[Phase-locked loop|Digital PLL]] added to [[floppy controller]]
*Additional devices: eight-channel DAC
*Keyboard: [[Model F keyboard|XT keyboard]] support, on-chip RAM 537RU10
*Removed: SECAM encoder

===ATM Turbo 2+===
New features (comparing to ATM Turbo 2):<ref name="auto" />
*RAM: 128 to 1024 KB
*Additional devices: [[RS-232]] interface; channel switch for DAC
*Keyboard: support for XT and [[AT keyboard]]s, based on the 1816BE31 (i8031) microcontroller
*The xBIOS ROM has been specially developed for ATM Turbo 2+ with support for virtual floppies
*ROM version of [[Mr Gluk Reset Service]]
*Removed: Modem

===ZX Evolution===
New features (comparing to ATM Turbo 2+):<ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=АТМ, ZxEvo, BaseConf |url=https://t.me/atm_zxevo_baseconf |access-date=2022-11-23 |website=Telegram}}</ref>
*Turbo mode up to 14&nbsp;MHz, switchable via menu and software
*RAM: 4MB 
*2 expansion slots according to the ZXBUS standard, for connecting General Sound, etc.
*Flexible architecture based on [[FPGA]] (EP1K50) - third-party firmware available
*[[SD card]] with transparent BIOS support (EVO RESET SERVICE)
*Added [[VGA]] video output
*Non-volatile clock according to Mr Gluk standard, IDE interface according to Nemo standard, mouse according to [[Kempston Micro Electronics#Mouse|Kempston Mouse]] standard 
*Video [[scan rate (disambiguation)|scan rate]] similar to that of the [[Pentagon (computer)|Pentagon]], with full support of border and multicolor effects

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sinclair computers and clones}}
{{List of Soviet computer systems}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Atm (Computer)}}
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1991]]
[[Category:ZX Spectrum clones]]
[[Category:Soviet computer systems]]
[[Category:Computers designed in Russia]]