View source for ALA-LC romanization for Russian

The '''American Library Association and Library of Congress Romanization Tables for Russian''', or the '''Library of Congress system''', are a set of rules for the [[romanization]] of [[Russian-language]] text from the [[Russian alphabet]], which uses the [[Cyrillic script]], to [[Latin script]].

==Background==
The [[ALA-LC romanization|ALA-LC Romanization tables]] comprise a set of standards for [[romanization]] of texts in various languages, written in non-Latin writing systems. These romanization systems are intended for bibliographic cataloguing, and used in US and Canadian libraries, by the British Library since 1975,<ref name="British_Library">“[http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelplang/russian/cyrillictranslit/searchcyrillic.html Searching for Cyrillic items in the catalogues of the British Library: guidelines and transliteration tables]”</ref> and in many publications worldwide. 

The romanization tables were first discussed by the American Library Association in 1885,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cutter|first=Charles Ammi|author-link=Charles Ammi Cutter|date=1885|title=Report of the A.L.A. Transliteration Committee, 1885|journal=Library Journal|volume=10|pages=302–309}}</ref> and published in 1904 and 1908,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cutter|first=Charles Ammi|title=Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries|publisher=American Library Association and the (British) Library Association|year=1908|location=Chicago, IL|pages=65–73|chapter=Report of the A.L.A. Transliteration Committee|author-link=Charles Ammi Cutter}}</ref> including rules for romanizing some languages written in Cyrillic script: [[Church Slavonic|Church Slavic]], Serbo-Croatian, and Russian in the [[Reforms of Russian orthography|pre-reform]] alphabet.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gerych|first=G.|title=Transliteration of Cyrillic Alphabets|publisher=University of Ottawa|year=1965|location=Ottawa|type=master's dissertation}}</ref> Revised tables including more languages were published in 1941,<ref>{{Cite book|title=A.L.A. Catalog Rules: Author and Title Entries|publisher=American Library Association|year=1941|editor-last=Gjelsness|editor-first=Rudolph|location=Chicago, IL|pages=335–36}}</ref> and a since-discontinued version of the entire standard was printed in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Cataloging Distribution Service (Library of Congress)|url=https://www.loc.gov/cds/products/product.php?productID=1|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-24|website=Library of Congress}}</ref> The system for Russian remains virtually unchanged from 1941 to the latest release, with the current Russian table published online in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011|title=ALA-LC Romanization Tables|url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html|access-date=2020-10-22|website=The Library of Congress}}</ref> 

==Table==

The formal, unambiguous version of the system requires some diacritics and [[Tie (typography)|two-letter tie character]]s which are often omitted in practice.

The table below combines material from the ALA-LC tables for Russian (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2012|title=Russian|url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/russian.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-28|website=Library of Congress}}</ref> and, for some obsolete letters, Church Slavic (2011).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2011|title=Church Slavic|url=https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/churchsl.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-11-28|website=Library of Congress}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Romanization table
|- style="background: #efefef;"
! colspan="2" | Russian<br />letter
! colspan="2" | Romanization<br />
! Examples
|-
!А
!а
|A
|a
| '''А'''зов = '''A'''zov <br>Т'''а'''мбов = T'''a'''mbov
|-
!Б
!б
|B
|b
| '''Б'''арнаул = '''B'''arnaul <br>Ку'''б'''ань = Ku'''b'''an{{softsign}}
|-
!В
!в
|V
|v
| '''В'''ладимир = '''V'''ladimir <br>Ульяно'''в'''ск = Ul{{softsign}}i͡ano'''v'''sk
|-
!Г
!г
|G
|g
| '''Г'''розный = '''G'''roznyĭ <br>Вол'''г'''одонск = Vol'''g'''odonsk
|-
!Д
!д
|D
|d
| '''Д'''зержинский = '''D'''zerzhinskiĭ <br>Нели'''д'''ово = Neli'''d'''ovo
|-
!Е
!е
|E
|e
| '''Е'''лизово = '''E'''lizovo <br>Ч'''е'''боксары = Ch'''e'''boksary
|-
!Ё
!ё
|Ë
|ë
| '''Ё'''лкин = '''Ë'''lkin <br>Оз'''ё'''рный = Oz'''ë'''rnyĭ
|-
!Ж
!ж
|Zh
|zh
| '''Ж'''уков = '''Zh'''ukov <br>Лу'''ж'''ники = Lu'''zh'''niki
|-
!З
!з
|Z
|z
| '''З'''венигород = '''Z'''venigorod <br>Вя'''з'''ьма = Vi͡a'''z'''{{softsign}}ma
|-
!И
!и
|I
|i
| '''И'''ркутск = '''I'''rkutsk <br>Апат'''и'''ты = Apat'''i'''ty
|-
!Й
!й
|Ĭ
|ĭ
| '''Й'''ошкар-Ола = '''Ĭ'''oshkar-Ola <br>Би'''й'''ск = Bi'''ĭ'''sk
|-
!К
!к
|K
|k
| '''К'''иров = '''K'''irov <br>Енисейс'''к''' = Eniseĭs'''k'''
|-
!Л
!л
|L
|l
| '''Л'''омоносов = '''L'''omonosov <br>Не'''л'''идово = Ne'''l'''idovo
|-
!М
!м
|M
|m
| '''М'''енделеев = '''M'''endeleev <br>Ка'''м'''енка = Ka'''m'''enka
|-
!Н
!н
|N
|n
| '''Н'''овосибирск = '''N'''ovosibirsk <br>Ка'''н'''далакша = Ka'''n'''dalaksha
|-
!О
!о
|O
|o
| '''О'''мск = '''O'''msk <br>Красн'''о'''ярск = Krasn'''o'''i͡arsk
|-
!П
!п
|P
|p
| '''П'''етрозаводск = '''P'''etrozavodsk <br>Сер'''п'''ухов = Ser'''p'''ukhov
|-
!Р
!р
|R
|r
| '''Р'''остов = '''R'''ostov <br>Севе'''р'''обайкальск = Seve'''r'''obaĭkal{{softsign}}sk
|-
!С
!с
|S
|s
| '''С'''ковородино = '''S'''kovorodino <br>Чайков'''с'''кий = Chaǐkov'''s'''kiĭ
|-
!Т
!т
|T
|t
| '''Т'''амбов = '''T'''ambov <br>Мы'''т'''ищи = My'''t'''ishchi
|-
!У
!у
|U
|u
| '''У'''глич = '''U'''glich <br>Д'''у'''динка = D'''u'''dinka
|-
!Ф
!ф
|F
|f
| '''Ф'''урманов = '''F'''urmanov <br>У'''ф'''а = U'''f'''a
|-
!Х
!х
|Kh
|kh
| '''Х'''абаровск = '''Kh'''abarovsk <br>Про'''х'''ладный = Pro'''kh'''ladnyĭ
|-
!Ц
!ц
| T͡S 
| t͡s
| '''Ц'''имлянск = '''T͡S'''imli͡ansk <br>Ель'''ц'''ин = El{{softsign}}t͡sin
|-
!Ч
!ч
|Ch
|ch
| '''Ч'''ебоксары = '''Ch'''eboksary <br>Пе'''ч'''ора = Pe'''ch'''ora
|-
!Ш
!ш
|Sh
|sh
| '''Ш'''ахтёрск = '''Sh'''akhtërsk <br>Мы'''ш'''кин = My'''sh'''kin
|-
!Щ
!щ
|Shch
|shch
| '''Щ'''ёлково = '''Shch'''ëlkovo <br>Рти'''щ'''ево = Rti'''shch'''evo
|-
!Ъ
!ъ
|{{hardsign}}
| {{hardsign}}
| Под'''ъ'''ездной = Pod'''{{hardsign}}'''ezdnoĭ
|-
!Ы
!ы
|Y
|y
| '''Ы'''ттык-Кёль = '''Y'''ttyk-Kël{{softsign}} <br>Т'''ы'''нда = T'''y'''nda
|-
!Ь
!ь
|{{softsign}}
| {{softsign}}
| Тюмен'''ь''' = Ti͡umen'''{{softsign}}'''
|-
!Э
!э
|Ė
|ė
| '''Э'''лектрогорск = '''Ė'''lektrogorsk <br>Радио'''э'''лектроника = Radio'''ė'''lektronika
|-
!Ю
!ю
| I͡U 
| i͡u
| '''Ю'''билейный = '''I͡U'''bileǐnyǐ <br>Кл'''ю'''чевская = Kl'''i͡u'''chevskai͡a
|-
!Я
!я
| I͡A 
| i͡a
| '''Я'''кутск = '''I͡A'''kutsk 
Бр'''я'''нск = Br'''i͡a'''nsk
|-
! colspan="5" |Letters eliminated in the orthographic reform of 1918
|-

! І !! і
|І̄
| ī 
|
|-

! Ѣ !! ѣ
|I͡E
| i͡e 
|
|-

! Ѳ !! ѳ
|Ḟ
| ḟ 
|
|-

! Ѵ !! ѵ
|Ẏ
| ẏ 
|
|-
! colspan="5" |Other obsolete letters<ref name=":0" />
|-

! Є !! є
|Ē
| ē 
|
|-

! Ѥ !! ѥ
|I͡E
| i͡e 
|
|-

! Ѕ !! ѕ
|Ż
| ż 
|
|-

! Ꙋ !! ꙋ
|Ū
| ū 
|
|-

! Ѿ !! ѿ
|Ō͡T
| ō͡t 
|
|-

! Ѡ !! ѡ
|Ō
| ō 
|
|-

! Ѧ !! ѧ
|Ę
| ę 
|
|-

! Ѯ !! ѯ
|K͡S
| k͡s 
|
|-

! Ѱ !! ѱ
|P͡S
| p͡s 
|
|-

! Ѫ !! ѫ
|Ǫ
| ǫ 
|
|-

! Ѩ !! ѩ
|I͡Ę
| i͡ę 
|
|-

! Ѭ !! ѭ
|I͡Ǫ
| i͡ǫ 
|
|}

== See also ==
* [[Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic]] (1898)
* {{lang|de|[[Preußische Instruktionen]]}} (PI) (1899)
* [[Romanization of Russian]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/roman.html ALA-LC Romanization Tables] at the U.S. Library of Congress
* [http://podolak.net/en/transliteration CyrAcademisator] Bi-directional online transliteration of Russian according to ALA-LC (diacritics). Supports Old Slavonic characters
* [http://www.ip-kaannos.fi/tools/translitterointi-ALALC.html Online Russian Transliterator] Supports ALA-LC, ISO 9, GOST 7.79B and other standards.

{{Romanization}}

[[Category:ALA-LC romanization]]
[[Category:Romanization of Cyrillic]]
[[Category:Russian language]]