View source for Aérospatiale Alouette II

{{Short description|Utility helicopter family by Sud Aviation}}
{{Redirect|Alouette II|the Canadian satellite|Alouette 2}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
 |name = SE 313/SA 318 Alouette II
 |image = SA318 (cropped).jpg
 |caption = An SE.3130 Alouette II (ex-[[Swiss Air Force]])
 |type = Light [[helicopter]]
 |national_origin = France
 |manufacturer = [[Sud Aviation]]<br>[[Aérospatiale]]
 |designer =
 |first_flight = 12 March 1955
 |introduction = 2 May 1957
 |retired =
 |status = Limited service
 |primary_user = [[French Army]]
 |more_users = [[French Air Force]]<br>[[German Army]]<br>[[Swiss Air Force]] (retired)
 |produced = 1956–1975
 |number_built = 1,300+
 |variants = [[Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama]]
 |developed_into = [[Aérospatiale Alouette III]]
}}
[[File:Sud Aviation SE.3130 Alouette II ZU-ALO (South Africa).jpg|thumb|Sud Aviation SE.3130 Alouette II<br />ZU-ALO; Private operator in [[South Africa]]]]
[[File:BGS-Hubschrauber Teistungen.jpg|thumb|right|SA 318C Alouette II Astazou at the [[Borderland Museum Eichsfeld]] in Central Germany.]]

The '''Aérospatiale Alouette II''' ({{IPA|fr|alwɛt}}, "[[lark]]"; company designations '''SE 313''' and '''SA 318''') is a French light [[helicopter]] originally manufactured by [[Sud Aviation]] and later [[Aérospatiale]]. It was the first production helicopter powered by a [[gas turbine]] engine instead of the heavier conventional [[Reciprocating engine|piston powerplant]].

On 12 March 1955, the prototype SE 3130 performed its [[maiden flight]]. The Alouette II was a widely used type and popular with operators, with over 1,300 rotorcraft eventually being constructed between 1956 and 1975. The type was predominantly used for military purposes in observation, photography, [[air-sea rescue]], liaison and training. It has also carried [[Anti-tank guided missile|anti-tank missiles]] and [[Torpedo#Homing|homing torpedoes]]. In civilian roles, the Alouette II has been used for [[medical evacuation]] (with two external stretcher panniers), crop-spraying, and as a flying crane—with a {{convert|500|kg|adj=on}} external underslung load.

A high-altitude derivative, the [[Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama|SA 315B Lama]], was developed and entered operational service in July 1971. The Alouette II also was further developed into the larger and more powerful [[Aérospatiale Alouette III|Alouette III]]. In 1975, production of the type was terminated, having been effectively succeeded by these newer rotorcraft. Despite it being long out of production, considerable numbers of Alouette II were still in service at the start of the 21st century.

==Development==
Although Sud-Est's previous helicopter design, the [[Sud-Est Alouette|SE 3120 Alouette]], broke helicopter speed and distance records in July 1953, it was too complex an aircraft to market successfully. With the records falling, the French government started showing interest, but with their financial backing, the state gave an ultimatum that within two years a helicopter had to be in production, otherwise all rotary wing activities would cease. SNCASE came up with seven helicopter designs powered by [[turboshaft]] engines: X.310A – X.310G. Earlier [[Joseph Szydlowski]], the founder of [[Turbomeca]], had successfully managed to develop the [[Turbomeca Artouste|Artouste]], a {{cvt|260|hp|abbr=on}} single shaft turbine engine derived from his [[Turbomeca Orédon|Orédon]] turbine. The X.310G design was chosen and, together with an improved version of the Artouste engine, was fast-tracked towards production as the ''SE 3130 Alouette II''.<ref name = "euro alouette"/>
[[File:BGS-Hubschrauber Alouette II (cropped).jpg|thumb|A West German Alouette II Astazou patrolling the border with [[East Germany]], 1985]]

On 12 March 1955, the prototype SE 3130 performed its maiden flight;<ref name="JAWA66 p61"/><ref name = "boyne 74"/><ref name ='mcgowen 74'>McGowen 2005, p. 74.</ref> within three months, on 6 June, a pre-production Alouette II, flown by [[Jean Boulet (aviator)|Jean Boulet]], established a new helicopter altitude record of {{cvt|8,209|m}}.<ref name=alt8>"[http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=9876 FAI Record ID #9876 – Altitude without payload. Class E-1 (Helicopters), turbine] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217043038/http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=9876 |date=17 December 2014 }}" ''[[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] (FAI).'' Retrieved: 21 September 2014.</ref><ref name="FAI heliheight">[http://records.fai.org/rotorcraft/history.asp?id1=112&id2=8&id3=1&id4=2 "History of Rotorcraft World Records, Sub-class:E-1 (Helicopters), Category:General, Group 2:turbine"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20070611002512/http://records.fai.org/rotorcraft/history.asp?id1=112&id2=8&id3=1&id4=2 |date=11 June 2007 }}. ''Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI)''. Retrieved 3 November 2010.</ref><ref name="Flight coptersp54">''Flight'' 8 July 1955, p. 54.</ref> According to the manufacturer, such early demonstrations of the Alouette II had served to promote the performance and advantages of turbine helicopters over their piston-engined counterparts.<ref name = "euro alouette"/>

In April 1956, the first production Alouette II was completed, making it the first production turbine-powered helicopter in the world.<ref name="euro alouette">[http://www.eurocopter.ir/site/en/ref/1955_-SE3130_454-125.html?noeu_id=454&page_id=125&lang=EN "1955: SE3130 "Alouette II"."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222150108/http://www.eurocopter.ir/site/en/ref/1955_-SE3130_454-125.html?noeu_id=454&page_id=125&lang=EN |date=22 December 2015 }} ''Eurocopter'', Retrieved: 20 December 2015.</ref><ref name ='mcgowen 74'/> Upon completion, several of the initial production models were dispatched for a series of evaluation flights in the [[Alps]].<ref name = "euro alouette"/> On 13 June 1958, a single SE 3130, again flown by Boulet, re-took the altitude record, reaching a height of 10,984&nbsp;m (36,027&nbsp;ft).<ref name="FAI heliheight"/><ref name=alt10>"[http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=9874 FAI Record ID #9874 – Altitude without payload. Class E-1 (Helicopters), turbine] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217033555/http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=9874 |date=17 December 2014 }}" ''[[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] (FAI).'' Retrieved: 21 September 2014.</ref><ref name="JAWA66 p2">Taylor 1966, p. 2.</ref> In 1964, a new version of the Alouette II was introduced, the ''SA 3180 Alouette II Astazou'' (originally called "Alouette Astazou"), using the [[Turbomeca Astazou|Turbomeca Astazou IIA]] engine in place of the Artouste II. In 1975, production of the Alouette II ended after more than 1,300 had been built; in 1969, a new high-altitude variant, the [[Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama]] had been developed to replace it in this niche capacity.<ref name = "euro alouette"/><ref name ='mcgowen 75'/> A slightly larger and more powerful helicopter in the form of the [[Aérospatiale Alouette III]] has also entered production, which had negatively impacted upon the demand for the older II model.<ref name ='mcgowen 227'>McGowen 2005, p. 227.</ref>

==Design==
The Aérospatiale Alouette II is a French light helicopter, incorporating many innovations of its time.<ref name="Flight coptersp54"/> It was powered by a single [[Turbomeca Artouste II]] [[turboshaft]] engine capable of generating a maximum output of 400&nbsp;hp. The speed of the main rotor is controlled by an automated fuel supply [[governor]], eliminating the necessity of a twist-grip throttle and a conventional link between the throttle and the collective-pitch.<ref name="Flight coptersp54"/> Instead, the Alouette II uses a simple control lever arrangement, which acts to directly regulate the collective-pitch and actuate the governor while immediately and automatically applying the correct level of power to conform with flight condition. Without a [[clutch]], the transmission is considerably simplified in both design and maintenance aspects.<ref name="Flight coptersp54"/>

Despite being a light helicopter, the Alouette II possesses a reasonable lift capacity and can carry underslung loads on an external sling; during one high-profile public demonstration, one helicopter was able to air-lift a compact [[Citroen]] truck weighing in excess of half a ton without visible difficulty. While flying at sea level, the Alouette II uses only 300 of the powerplant's available 400&nbsp;hp; accordingly, performance can be maintained while operated at a high altitude and within tropical conditions where the additional power would come into play.<ref name="Flight coptersp54"/> It was capable of flying at altitudes of up to 2,286 meters above sea level while possessing an average climb rate of 250 meters per minute and a typical maximum range of 563 miles.<ref name = "cocks 19"/> Various alternative [[landing gear]] configurations could be fitted, including skids, wheels, or [[Float (nautical)|pontoons]].<ref name ='mcgowen 75'/>

The Alouette II is capable of accommodating a seating arrangement for up to five personnel, including the pilot; access to the cabin was provided via a pair of side-hinged doors.<ref name="Flight coptersp54"/> The compact cockpit was provided with a dome-shaped windscreen which provided for excellent levels of external visibility.<ref name = "cocks 19"/> The Alouette II also made innovative use of armaments. It was the first helicopter worldwide to be equipped with anti-tank munitions in the form of the [[Nord SS.11|Nord AS.11]] [[MCLOS]] [[Wire-guided missile|wire-guided]] [[Anti-tank guided missile|anti-tank missile]].<ref name="HELOSATWAR">''Helicopters at War'' – Blitz Editions, p. 63, {{ISBN|1-85605-345-8}}.</ref><ref name = "boyne 74">Boyne 2011, p. 74.</ref> In addition to anti-tank missiles, the [[French Army]] chose to arm their Alouette IIs with [[machine gun]]s, while the [[French Navy]] outfitted theirs with [[aerial torpedo]]es to conduct [[anti-submarine warfare]] (ASW) duties.<ref name ='mcgowen 74'/>

<gallery widths="150" heights="110">
File:Alouette II demonstration, Sweden 1958 1.png|SS.11 armed Alouette II being demonstrated in Sweden, september 1958
File:Alouette II demonstration, Sweden 1958 2.png|SS.11 armed Alouette II being demonstrated in Sweden, september 1958
File:AloutteIIBundeswehr.jpg|SS.11 armed Alouette II in German service
</gallery>

Under operational conditions, the Alouette II often proved to be a relatively maintenance-intensive rotorcraft.<ref name = "cocks 22 23">Cocks 2015, pp. 22–23.</ref> It required a high level of regular lubrication, the main rotorhead alone featuring 20 grease nipples that had to be re-lubricated after every five flight hours, while the drive shaft for the tail rotor was similarly demanding. Due to its high susceptibility to dust ingestion, some operators would have to remove the Alouette's rectangular sand filters after every landing in order to clean them.<ref name = "cocks 22 23"/>

==Operational history==
[[File:Aérospatiale SA 318 Alouette II - 240710.jpg|thumb|An Alouette II in flight, 2010]]

On 3 July 1956, prior to even entering civil service, the Alouette II was responsible for breaking new ground when it became the first helicopter to perform a [[mountain rescue]] mission, having been deployed to evacuate a mountaineer who had suffered from cardiac arrest at over {{cvt|4,000|m}}.<ref name = "boyne 101"/> On 3 January 1957, the Alouette II was called upon again in order to rescue the crew of a crashed [[Sikorsky H-34|Sikorsky S-58]], which had been searching for missing mountaineers Jean Vincendon and François Henry on [[Mont Blanc]].<ref name = "euro alouette"/>

On 2 May 1957, following a series of airborne trials, the Alouette II was awarded a French domestic [[Airworthiness certificate|certificate of airworthiness]], which cleared the type to enter service with civil operators.<ref name ='mcgowen 74'/> Initial production was allocated to fulfil those orders placed by the French military, as well as by civilian customers. During 1957, the first deliveries of the Alouette II were made to the French Army.<ref name = "cocks 18 19">Cocks 2015, pp. 18–19.</ref> Shortly thereafter, large-scale orders for the type were received from several foreign nations, including the [[United Kingdom]], [[Federal Republic of Germany]], and [[Austria]].<ref name ='mcgowen 75'>McGowen 2005, p. 75.</ref>

Almost immediately upon entering service, French forces commenced active combat operations using their fledgling Alouette II fleet; the type being placed into heavy use in the [[Algerian War]], during which it made valuable contributions to France's activities in the theatre.<ref name = "cocks 18"/> When used as a troop-transport, up to four fully equipped soldiers could be airlifted at a time. Additionally, a number of Alouette IIs were modified to become what has been argued by some to have been the world's first helicopter [[Gunship#Helicopter gunships|gunship]]s; in this capacity, it would have been typically armed with [[Nord Aviation]]-built [[SS.10]] or [[SS.11]] anti-tank missiles.<ref name = "cocks 18"/>
[[File:alouette v-54 arp.jpg|thumb|left|An SE.3130 Alouette II, formerly V-54 of the [[Swiss Air Force]], now on the UK civil register as G-BVSD. It was built in 1964.]]

The nation of [[Rhodesia]] emerged as a prolific user of both the Alouette II and its enlarged sibling, the Alouette III.<ref name = "cocks 18">Cocks 2015, p. 18.</ref> Early operations were flown with an emphasis on its use by the [[Rhodesian Security Forces#Rhodesian Army|Army]] and [[British South Africa Police]], including [[paramilitary]] and aerial reconnaissance operations. Throughout the 1960s, the type progressively spread into additional roles, including [[Military logistics|aerial supply]], [[casualty evacuation]], communications relays, and troop-transports.<ref name = "cocks 20">Cocks 2015, p. 20.</ref> Rhodesian aerial operations would typically involve flying under relatively high and hot conditions, which reduced the efficiency of aircraft in general; however, the Alouette II proved to be both hardy and relatively resistant to battle damage.<ref name = "cocks 19">Cocks 2015, p. 19.</ref> In order to extend the inadequate range of the type, fuel caches were strategically deployed across the country to be used for refuelling purposes.<ref name = "cocks 20"/>

In order to improve performance, Rhodesia's Alouette II fleet was subject to extensive modifications, including changes to their refuelling apparatus, gun sights, cabin fittings, armouring, and armaments.<ref name = "cocks 20 22">Cocks 2015, pp. 20–22.</ref> Over time, the [[Rhodesian Security Forces]] developed an innovative deployment tactic of rapidly encircling and enveloping enemies, known as the [[Fireforce]], for which the Alouette II served as a core component.<ref name = "cocks 18"/> The quick-reaction Fireforce battalions were centred at [[Centenary, Zimbabwe|Centenary]] and [[Mount Darwin, Zimbabwe|Mount Darwin]]; emphasis was placed on locating both rotorcraft and troops as close to a current or anticipated theatre of operations as would be feasibly possible.<ref name = "cocks 21 22">Cocks 2015, pp. 21–22.</ref>

By 1975, at which point production of the type was terminated, in excess of 1,300 Alouette IIs had been constructed. The rotorcraft was also in use in over 80 countries, including 47 separate armed forces.<ref name = "boyne 101">Boyne 2011, p. 101.</ref> The Alouette II was produced and sold [[Licensed production|under licence]] by Brazil, Sweden, India and in the United States.<ref name ='mcgowen 75'/> While succeeded in some respects by the [[Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama|SA 315B Lama]], which was itself a derivative of the Alouette II; the French Army ultimately replaced their Alouette II fleet with a newly developed observation and reconnaissance helicopter in the form of the [[Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil|Aérospatiale AS350 Écureuil]].<ref name ='mcgowen 124'>McGowen 2005, p. 124.</ref>

During July 2018, a single Alouette II was involved in the [[helicopter prison escape]] of the French gangster [[Rédoine Faïd]]. The rotorcraft, which had been hijacked by gang members who held the pilot hostage at gunpoint, flew into the courtyard of [[Réau prison]], before flying to [[Roissy-en-France|Roissy]] in the north-eastern suburbs of Paris; the event allegedly occurred in under ten minutes from take-off to escape.<ref>Sage, Andy. [https://www.thetimes.com/world/article/hostage-ordeal-of-helicopter-pilot-used-for-r-doine-fa-d-jail-breakout-77j8drd20 "Hostage ordeal of helicopter pilot used for Rédoine Faïd jail breakout."] ''thetimes.co.uk'', 4 July 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.thelocal.fr/20180704/prison-break-pilot-of-hijacked-helicopter-tells-his-story "Prison break: French pilot of hijacked helicopter speaks of terrifying ordeal."] ''thelocal.fr''. 4 July 2018.</ref>

==Variants==
* '''SE 3130 Alouette II''' – Initial version powered by [[Turbomeca Artouste|Turbomeca Artouste II]] series engine rated at {{cvt|400|hp|disp=flip}} for takeoff, with maximum weight of {{cvt|3300|lb|disp=flip}}.<ref name=FAA_7H1>{{cite web |author=Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) |author-link=Federal Aviation Administration |title=Type Certificate Data Sheet No. 7H1 |date=10 January 2014 |url=https://drs.faa.gov/browse/excelExternalWindow/250efa1b-74e1-4352-b2e6-6480b6aa4ee3}}</ref><ref name=DGAC_no24>{{cite web |author=Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile (DGAC) |author-link=Directorate General for Civil Aviation (France) |title=Fiche de Navigabilité No. 24 |date=May 1977 |language=French |url=https://www.avialogs.com/aircraft-s/sud-aviation/item/2834-fiche-de-navigabilit%C3%A9-n24-alouette-ii-se310-et-se313b-alouette-astazou}}</ref>
* '''SE 313B Alouette II''' – Version of SE 3130 powered by Turbomeca Artouste IIC5 or IIC6 engine rated at {{cvt|400|hp|disp=flip}} for takeoff, with maximum weight raised to {{cvt|3500|lb|disp=flip}}.<ref name=FAA_7H1 /><ref name=DGAC_no24 />
* '''SE 3131 Gouverneur''' – Refined executive version with enclosed tailboom,<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%201495.html "Business and Touring Aircraft: Sud-Aviation"]. ''Flight'', 11 October 1957, p. 585.</ref> which was abandoned in favour of the [[Aérospatiale Alouette III|Alouette III]].<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1959/1959%20-%201405.html "Helicopters of the World:SE.3160 Alouette III"]. ''Flight'', 15 May 1959, p. 684.</ref>
* '''SE 3140 Alouette II''' – Proposed version, it was going to be powered by a 298&nbsp;kW (400&nbsp;hp) [[Turbomeca Turmo]] II engine. None were built.
* '''HKP 2 Alouette II''' – [[Sweden|Swedish]] licence version of the SE 3130
* '''SA 3180 Alouette II Astazou''' – Version powered by [[Turbomeca Astazou|Turbomeca Astazou IIA or IIA2]] engine rated at {{cvt|390|kW|0}} for takeoff and {{cvt|353|kW}} continuous, but restricted to {{cvt|400|hp|disp=flip}} by rotor transmission limitations, with maximum weight of {{cvt|1500|kg|round=50}}.<ref name=FAA_7H1 /><ref name=DGAC_no24 /><ref name=EASA_R.124>{{cite web |author=European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) |author-link=European Aviation Safety Agency |title=Type Certificate Data Sheet No. EASA.R.124 |date=14 February 2017 |url=https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/TCDS_EASA_R124_AH_SA3180_SA318B_SA%20318C_Issue_03.pdf}}</ref>
* '''SA 318B Alouette II Astazou''' – Version of SA 3180 with maximum weight raised to {{cvt|1600|kg}}.<ref name=FAA_7H1 /><ref name=DGAC_no24 /><ref name=EASA_R.124 />
* '''SA 318C Alouette II Astazou''' – Version of SA 3180 with maximum weight raised to {{cvt|1650|kg|round=50}}<ref name=FAA_7H1 /><ref name=DGAC_no24 /><ref name=EASA_R.124 />
* '''[[Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama|SA 315B Lama]]''' – designed to meet an Indian armed forces requirement for operation in "hot and high" conditions; it combined the Artouste powerplant and rotor system of the Alouette III with a reinforced Alouette II airframe.
* '''Republic Lark:''' Proposed production in the [[United States]] by [[Republic Aircraft]], powered by a {{cvt|600|shp|0}} [[AiResearch TSE-331-7]]<ref name=Wilkinson6465>{{cite book |last=Wilkinson |first=Paul H. |title=Aircraft engines of the World 1964/65 |year=1964 |publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. |location=London |edition=20th |page=43}}</ref> turboshaft.

==Operators==
;{{TUN}}
* [[Tunisian Air Force]]<ref name="World Air Forces 2018">{{cite web |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/21905/waf/|title = World Air Forces 2018 |publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2018 |access-date= 4 August 2018}}</ref>

; {{TUR}}
* [[General Directorate of Security (Turkey)|General Directorate of Security]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |title=Havacılık Daire Başkanlığı Polis Helikopteri, Gölbaşı/Ankara, 1990 #Tbt |user=emniyetgm |number=1106077453498355712 |date=14 March 2019 |access-date=2020-11-22|website=Twitter|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=polis|url=https://www.trthaber.com/resimler/1120000/1121305.jpg}}</ref>

===Former operators===
;{{AUT}}
* [[Austrian Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/497/ |title=Ӧstereichische Luftstreitkräfte SE3130 Alouette II |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{flag|Biafra}}
* [[Biafran armed forces]]<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Jowett |first=Philip |title=Modern African Wars (5): The Nigerian-Biafran War 1967-70 |year=2016 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-1472816092 |page=18 }}</ref>
;{{BEL}}
* [[Belgian Army]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/135/ |title=Aviation légère de la force terrestre Alouette II |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[Gendarmerie (Belgium)|Gendarmerie]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/1250/ |title=Gendarmerie Alouette II |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{BEN}}
* [[Military of Benin]]<ref name=" World Air Forces 1981 pg. 328 ">{{cite web | title = World Air Forces 1981 pg. 328 | url = http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%202500.html| access-date = 14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{BRA}}
* [[Brazilian Air Force]]<ref name=" World Air Forces 1971 pg. 924-925">{{cite web | title = World Air Forces 1971 pg. 924-925 | url = http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201040.html | access-date = 14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{CAM}}
* [[Royal Cambodian Air Force]]<ref name=" World Air Forces 1971 pg. 924-925"/>
;{{CMR}}
[[File:Alouette II ZU-RAM (6863060477).jpg|thumb|right|SE 3130 Alouette II in its former French markings]]
* [[Cameroon Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%202501.html |title= World Air Forces 1981 pg.329 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{CAF}}
* [[Central African Republic Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%202502.html |title= World Air Forces 1981 pg.330 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{CGO}}
* [[Congolese Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%202504.html |title= World Air Forces 1981 pg. 332 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{DJI}}
* [[Djibouti Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%202500.html |title= World Air Forces 1987 pg. 50 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{DOM}}:
* [[Dominican Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%202505.html |title= World Air Forces 1981 pg. 333 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{FRA}}
* [[French Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/688/ |title=Armée de l'air Alouette II  |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[French Army]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/663/ |title=Aviation légère de l'armée de Terre Alouette II |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[French Navy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%202506.html |title= World Air Forces 1987 pg. 56 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[Gendarmerie Nationale (France)|Gendarmerie Nationale]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%201207.html |title= World Helicopter Market pg. 51 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[Securite Civile]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cohen.frank.free.fr/photos/helicoptere/securitecivile/historique.htm |title=L'HISTORIQUE DE LA SECURITE CIVILE |publisher= helisecours.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airliners.net/photo/France---Securite/Sud-SA-318C-Alouette/0727981/L/&sid=ff896dec3485bef64e8bb085a6e25684 |title= Securite Civil Sud-SA-318C |publisher=Demand Media |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Aérospatiale SA-3130 BW Alouette II.jpg|thumb|right|An Aérospatiale SE 3130 Alouette II of the German Army]]
;{{GER}}
* [[German Army]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/137/ |title=Heeresflieger Alouette II |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[Bundesgrenzschutz|German Federal Border Guard]] / [[German Federal Police]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/536/ |title=Bundespolizei Alouette II |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[German Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1975/1975%20-%201664.html |title= World Air Forces 1975 pg. 298 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{GNB}}
* [[Guinea-Bissau Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%202509.html |title= World Air Forces 1987 pg. 59 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{IDN}}
* [[Indonesian Army]]<ref name=" World Air Forces 1981 pg. 347">{{cite web | title = World Air Forces 1981 pg. 347 | publisher = flightglobal.com | url = http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%202519.html | access-date = 14 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[Indonesian Navy]]<ref name=" World Air Forces 1981 pg. 347"/>
;{{flaglist|Israel}}
* [[Israeli Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1975/1975%20-%201672.html |title= World Air Forces 1975 pg. 302 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{CIV}}
* [[Air Force of Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%202523.html |title= World Air Forces 1981 pg. 351 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{flag|Katanga}}
* [[Katangese Air Force]]<ref name=Katanga>{{cite web |url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_182.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051029070252/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_182.shtml |url-status=usurped |archive-date=29 October 2005 |title=Congo, Part 1; 1960–1963 |publisher=ACIG |year=2003 |access-date=9 August 2013}}</ref>
;{{flag|Khmer Republic}}
* [[Khmer Air Force]]<ref name=" World Air Forces 1971 pg. 924-925"/>
;{{flag|Laos|1952}}
[[File:SAAF Museum Alouette II 22 (cropped).jpg|thumb|A SAAF Alouette II]]
* [[Royal Lao Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1971/1971%20-%201049.html |title= World Air Forces 1971 pg. 932 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{LBN}}
* [[Lebanese Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%202518.html |title= World Air Forces 1987 pg. 68 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{MDG}}:
* [[Malagasy Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1975/1975%20-%201679.html |title= World Air Forces 1975 pg. 305 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{MEX}}
* [[Mexican Navy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1975/1975%20-%201679.html |title= World Air Forces 1975 pg. 305 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref>
;{{NLD}}
* [[Netherlands Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/201/ |title=Koninklijke Luchtmacht SA 313 |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{PER}}:
* [[Peruvian Army]]<ref name="WORLD AIR FORCES 2013">{{cite web |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/airspace/media/reports_pdf/emptys/101015/world-air-forces-2013.pdf |title = World Air Forces 2013 |publisher= Flightglobal Insight |year= 2013 |access-date= 14 March 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Sud SE-3130 Alouette II, Portugal - Air Force AN0411012.jpg|thumb|Portuguese Air Force Alouette II in 1996]]
;{{POR}}:
* [[Portuguese Air Force]]<ref name="Força Aérea Portuguesa Alouette II">{{cite web |url=http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/1794/ |title=Força Aérea Portuguesa Alouette II |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[Portuguese National Republican Guard|National Republican Guard]]<ref name="Força Aérea Portuguesa Alouette II"/>
;{{flag|Rhodesia}}:
* [[Rhodesian Air Force]]<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |pages=237–317}}</ref>
; {{ROU}}
* [[Romanian Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aripi-argintii.ro/aparatdezbor.php?p=49|title=Alouette II|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711155623/http://www.aripi-argintii.ro/aparatdezbor.php?p=49|archive-date=11 July 2017|language=ro|work=Aripi Argintii}}</ref>
;{{SEN}}
* [[Senegalese Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%202531.html |title= World Air Forces 1987 pg. 81 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
[[File:Blue Eagle Alouette.JPG|thumb|British Army Air Corps Alouette II]]
;{{flag|South Africa|1928}}
* [[South African Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/686/ |title=Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag Alouette II  |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{ESP}}
* [[National Police Corps (Spain)|Spanish National Police]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sur |first=Europa |date=2016-03-06 |title=Algeciras trabaja para ser base de una unidad policial de helicópteros |url=https://www.europasur.es/algeciras/Algeciras-trabaja-unidad-policial-helicopteros_0_1005499568.html |access-date=2023-07-30 |website=Europa Sur |language=es-ES}}</ref>
[[File:Hkp 2 vid helikopterdivisionen.jpg|thumb|Swedish Alouette IIs in 1963]]
;{{SWE}}
* [[Swedish Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1987/1987%20-%202541.html |title= World Air Forces 1987 pg. 91 |publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=14 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[Swedish Army]]
;{{flaglist|Switzerland}}
* [[Swiss Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/913/ |title=Schweizer luftwaffe Alouette II |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{TUR}}
* [[Gendarmerie General Command]]
* [[Turkish Air Force]]
;{{UK}}
* [[Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)|Army Air Corps]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/40/ |title=Army Air Corps Alouette II  |access-date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
;{{ZIM}}
* [[Air Force of Zimbabwe]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/aa-africa/zim/af/zim-af-all-time.htm|title = Air Force of Zimbabwe Aircraft Types}}</ref>

==Specifications (SE 313B Alouette II)==
[[File:Alouette2-schema.png|right|300px|Orthographically projected diagram of the Aérospatiale Alouette II]]
[[File:Turbomeca astazou II AF.jpg|thumb|Closeup of an SA 318C Alouette II Astazou's [[Turbomeca Astazou IIA]] [[turboshaft]] engine]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref= ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67''<ref name="JAWA66 p61">Taylor 1966, p. 61.</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|genhide=

|crew= 1
|capacity= 4 passengers
|length m= 9.66
|length ft=
|length in=
|length note= (overall, blades folded)
|height m= 2.75
|height ft=
|height in=
|empty weight kg= 895
|empty weight lb=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=
|max takeoff weight kg= 1,600
|max takeoff weight lb=
|fuel capacity= {{convert|580|L|USgal impgal|abbr=on}}
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number= 1
|eng1 name= [[Turbomeca Artouste|Turbomeca Artouste IIC6]]
|eng1 type= [[turboshaft]]
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 shp= 530<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 note= derated to 269 kW (360 hp)

|rot number= 1<!-- helicopters -->
|rot dia m= 10.20<!-- helicopters -->
|rot dia ft=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot dia in=<!-- helicopters -->
|rot area sqm= 81.7<!-- helicopters -->
|rot area sqft=<!-- helicopters -->
<!--
        Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed kmh= 185
|max speed mph=
|max speed note=at sea level
|cruise speed kmh= 170<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed kts=
|range km=565
|range miles=
|range note=(with maximum fuel)
|endurance= 4.1 hours<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m= 2,300
|ceiling ft=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin= 820
|lift to drag=

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{commons category|Aérospatiale SA 313/SA 318 Alouette II|Aérospatiale Alouette II}}
{{Portal|Aviation|France}}

{{Aircontent
|related=
* [[Aérospatiale Alouette III]]
* [[Aérospatiale Gazelle]]
* [[Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama]]
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
* [[List of civil aircraft]]
* [[List of rotorcraft]]
* [[List of most-produced rotorcraft]]
}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last = Boyne |first = Walter |title = How the Helicopter Changed Modern Warfare |publisher = Pelican Publishing Company |date = 2011 |isbn = 978-1-58980-700-6}}
* {{cite book |last = Cocks |first = Kerrin |title = Rhodesian Fire Force 1966–80 |publisher = Helion and Company |date = 2015 |isbn = 978-1-91029-405-5}}
* {{cite web |url = http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1955/1955%20-%200944.html |title = Helicopters in Europe: Fourteen Different Types Seen at Paris |publisher = [[Flight International|Flight]] |date = 8 July 1955 |pages = 54–55}}
* {{cite book |last = Taylor |first = John W. R. |author-link = John W. R. Taylor |title = Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67 |location = London, United Kingdom |publisher = Sampson Low, Marston & Company |date = 1966}}
* {{cite book |last = McGowen |first = Stanley S. |title = Helicopters: An Illustrated History of their Impact |location = Santa Barbara, California |publisher = ABC-CLIO |date = 2005 |isbn = 1-85109-468-7}}
* {{cite journal |title = Pentagon Over the Islands: The Thirty-Year History of Indonesian Military Aviation |journal = Air Enthusiast Quarterly |date = n.d. |issue = 2 |pages = 154–162 |issn = 0143-5450}}

{{Alouette family}}
{{Sud/Aérospatiale aircraft}}
{{Swedish military aircraft designations}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aerospatiale Alouette Ii}}
[[Category:1950s French civil utility aircraft]]
[[Category:1950s French military utility aircraft]]
[[Category:Aérospatiale aircraft]]
[[Category:1950s French helicopters]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1955]]
[[Category:Helicopter history]]
[[Category:Single-turbine helicopters]]