View source for 9M17 Fleyta

{{Redirect|AT-2|the German anti-tank mine|AT2 mine}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = 3M11 / 9M17<br><small>AT-2 Swatter</small>
| image              = AT-2c Swatter.JPG
| image_size = 300
| caption            = 3M11 Fleyta
| origin             = Soviet Union
| type               = [[Anti-tank missile]]
| is_missile         = yes
<!-- Service history -->
| service            = 1964-present
| used_by            =
| wars               =
<!-- Production history -->
| designer           = Nudelman OKB-16
| design_date        =
| manufacturer       =
| unit_cost          =
| production_date    =
| number             =
| variants           =
| spec_label         =
| weight             = {{convert|27|kg|lb}}
| length             = {{convert|1160|mm|abbr=on}}
| part_length        =
| width              =
| height             =
| diameter           = {{convert|148|mm|abbr=on}}
| filling            = [[HEAT]]
| filling_weight     = {{convert|5.4|kg|abbr=on}}
| detonation         =
| yield              =
| engine             = Solid fuel rocket
| engine_power       =
| vehicle_range      = {{convert|0.5|to|2.5|km}}
| speed              = {{convert|160|m/s|mph|abbr=on}}
| guidance           = Radio command
| steering           = [[MCLOS]]
| wingspan           = {{convert|680|mm|abbr=on}}
| propellant         =
| ceiling            =
| altitude           =
| depth              =
| boost              =
| accuracy           =
| launch_platform    = [[Mil Mi-4|Mi-4]], [[Mi-8]], [[Mi-24]], [[Mi-25]], [[BRDM-1]], [[BRDM-2]]
| transport          =
}}

The '''3M11''' ''Fleyta'' (flute, [[NATO reporting name]] '''AT-2''' ''Swatter'') is a [[Soviet]] [[MCLOS]] radio command [[anti-tank missile]]. Various improved versions were designated '''9M17''' ''Falanga''.

==Development==
The missile was developed by the Nudelman OKB-16 design bureau. It was developed at about the same time as the [[3M6 Shmel]] as a heavy [[ATGM]] for use on both ground launchers and helicopters. It addressed some of the problems of the 3M6; it was much faster, and had slightly longer range. These improvements were achieved by sending commands via a radio link instead of a trailing guidance wire, which allowed the missile to travel faster. However, it did make it vulnerable to jamming. The missile system was shown to Soviet premier [[Nikita Khrushchev]] in September 1964, and accepted for service shortly afterwards.

==History==
[[File:AT-2b Swatter line drawing.PNG|thumb|300px|right|9M17 Falanga missile]]
The '''3M11''' was the first Soviet ATGM to be deployed from helicopters. Small numbers were fitted to the [[Mil Mi-4|Mi-4AV]]. The missile was deployed on the [[Mil Mi-8]] as well as the [[Mi-24]] and Mi-25 series of helicopters. It was also deployed on the [[BRDM-1]] and [[BRDM-2]] infantry fighting vehicles.

The '''3M11''' ''Fleyta'' was problematic; one Russian source describes the missile as "notable for its complexity and low reliability". Also, the missile's range was felt to be inadequate. An improved version of the missile was developed: the '''9M17''' ''Falanga'' (NATO reporting name '''AT-2B'''). Externally, the missiles are very similar, however the 9M17 range is increased to 3.5&nbsp;km. The standard production version was the '''9M17M''' ''Falanga-M'', which entered service in 1968.

The next development was to integrate [[SACLOS]] guidance, resulting in the '''9M17P''' ''Falanga-P'' (NATO reporting name '''AT-2''' ''Swatter-C''). It entered service in 1969. A product improved version the 9M17MP was developed that had an improved engine and signal lamp.

The missile has been used extensively in the following wars on the Mi-24 platform.
* [[Angolan War of Independence]]
* [[Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]]
* 1980s [[Iran–Iraq War]]
* [[1982 Lebanon War]]
* 1973s Israel and Egypt War 6 October 

It was replaced in Soviet service by the [[9K114 Shturm]] ATGM.

== General characteristics (3M11 Fleyta) ==
[[File:AT-2a Swatter line drawing.PNG|thumb|300px|right|3M11 Fleyta missile]]
* '''Length''': 1,160&nbsp;mm
* '''Wingspan''': 680&nbsp;mm
* '''Diameter''': 148&nbsp;mm
* '''Launch weight''': 27.0&nbsp;kg
* '''Speed''': 150–170&nbsp;m/s
* '''Range''': 500&nbsp;m - 2.5&nbsp;km
* '''Time to maximum range''': 17 seconds
* '''Guidance''': Radio command [[MCLOS]]
* '''Warhead''': 5.4&nbsp;kg [[HEAT]] 500&nbsp;mm vs [[Rolled homogeneous armour|RHA]]；maximum 650&nbsp;mm vs RHA for improved variant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://missilery.info/missile/falanga-pv|title=Противотанковый ракетный комплекс Фаланга-ПВ &#124; Ракетная техника|website=missilery.info}}</ref>

==Models==
* '''3M11''' ''Fleyta'' [[MCLOS]] (NATO reporting name '''AT-2A''' ''Swatter A'')

* '''9M17''' ''Falanga'' (NATO reporting name '''AT-2B''' ''Swatter B''): Range increased to 3.5&nbsp;km.
** '''9M17DB''' Modified system to work with the [[Mil Mi-8|Mi-8TB]]

* '''9M17M''' ''Falanga-M'' [[MCLOS]]: Launch weight {{convert|29|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, maximum range 3,500&nbsp;m. First seen in the 1973 Moscow Parade.

* '''9M17P'''  ''Falanga-P'' (NATO reporting name '''AT-2C''' ''Swatter C''): First [[SACLOS]] version.. Launch weight 29&nbsp;kg.
** '''9M17MP''' Improved engine and guidance lamp. Maximum range 4,000&nbsp;m.
** '''9M17N'''

==Operators==
[[File:9M17 operators.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Operators:{{legend|#0b60d4|Current}}{{legend|#dc0023|Former}}]]

===Current operators===
*{{ANG}} - 9M17M Falanga-M.<ref name="IISS2023">{{cite book |last1=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |title=The Military Balance 2023 |date=15 February 2023 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1032508955 |edition=1st}}</ref>{{rp|434}}
*{{HUN}} - 3M11 Falanga. <ref name="IISS2023" />{{rp|102}}
*{{NIC}} - 9M17 Skorpion.<ref name="IISS2023" />{{rp|408}}

===Former operators===
*{{AFG}} - Used on Mi-24A attack helicopters.<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web |title=Trade Registers |url=https://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |website=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref>
*{{flag|Bulgaria}}<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{CZS}}<ref name="Janes">{{cite book |last1=V. Hogg |first1=Ian |title=Jane's infantry weapons 1988-89 |date=1988 |publisher=Jane's Pub. Co |location=London |isbn=978-0710608574 |edition=14th}}</ref>{{rp|768}} - passed on to successor states.
*{{CZE}}
*{{GDR}}<ref name="Janes" />{{rp|768}} – Used on Mi-24D, and subsequently passed on to the unified German state, and retired soon after.
*{{EGY}}<ref name="IISS1989">{{cite book |last1=[[Institute for Strategic Studies]] |title=The military balance, 1989-1990 |date=1989 |publisher=Brassey's |location=London |isbn=978-0080375694}}</ref>{{rp|98}}
*{{flag|Iraq|1991}} - Used on Mi-24.<ref name="IISS1989" />{{rp|101}} Out of use since the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]].
*{{flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|1977}} - Mounted on helicopters.<ref name="IISS1989" />{{rp|108}}
*{{PER}} - Used on Mi-24D helicopters.<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{POL}}<ref name="Janes" />{{rp|772}} - only used on Mi-24D, withdrawn from service.
*{{RUS}} - Missiles using as targets for training.
*{{ROM}}<ref name="Janes" />{{rp|772}}
*{{SVK}}
*{{USSR}}<ref name="IISS1989" />{{rp|34}} - passed on to successor states.
*{{flag|South Yemen}}<ref name="IISS1989" />{{rp|118}} - Passed on to the unified Republic of Yemen.
*{{SYR}}<ref name="IISS1989" />{{rp|115}}
*{{YEM}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The military balance. 1991-1992. |date=1991 |publisher=Brassey's |location=London |isbn=978-0080413259 |page=123|author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies}}</ref>

==Sources==
* Hull, A.W., Markov, D.R., Zaloga, S.J. (1999). ''Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present''. Darlington Productions. {{ISBN|1-892848-01-5}}.

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at2swatter.htm AT - 2 SWATTER Anti-Tank Guided Missile]

{{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}}
{{Russian and Soviet missiles|ATM}}

[[Category:Anti-tank guided missiles of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Anti-tank guided missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]]