View source for 9M14 Malyutka

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = 9M14 Malyutka<br><small>AT-3 Sagger</small>
| image              = Malyutka.JPG
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = Serbian-produced 9M142T copy
| origin             = Soviet Union
| type               = [[Anti-tank missile]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged          = 
| is_explosive       = yes
| is_vehicle         = 
| is_missile         = yes
<!-- Service history -->| service            = 1963–present
| used_by            = [[Soviet Union]] and others
| wars               = [[Vietnam War]]<br>[[Cambodian Civil War]]<br>[[Yom Kippur War]]<br>[[Western Sahara War]]<br>[[Ethiopian Civil War]]<br>[[Lebanese Civil War]]<ref name="Atlas-fr">{{cite encyclopedia|title=Batailles de chars au Liban|language=fr |encyclopedia=Encyclopédie des armes : Les forces armées du monde|publisher=Atlas|year=1986|page=16|volume=I|number=1. Les chars modernes}}</ref><br>[[Iran–Iraq War]]<br>[[Gulf War]]<br>[[Croatian War of Independence]]<br>[[2006 Lebanon War]]<br>[[First Chechen War]]<br>[[Second Chechen War]]<br>[[Libyan Civil War (2011)|Libyan Civil War]]<br>[[Syrian Civil War]]<br>[[War in Iraq (2013-2017)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bzETZhy9xK8|title=Iraqi forces use AT-3 Sagger anti-tank guided missiles to destroy ISIS sniper nests north of Samarra|website=[[YouTube]]|access-date=25 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208053610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bzETZhy9xK8|archive-date=8 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><br>[[Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)]]<br>[[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]]<br>[[Saudi–Yemeni border conflict (2015–present)]]<br>[[Tigray War]]
<br>[[Gaza war]]
<!-- Production history -->| designer           = [[KB Mashinostroyeniya|Design Bureau of Machine-Building]] (KBM, [[Kolomna]])
| design_date        = 1961–1962
| manufacturer       = [[Soviet Union]], Russia as successor state and other countries under license and domestic versions
| unit_cost          = $10,500 per missile (AT-3D, export cost 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/article/44792/|title=Daily use of Russia's anti-tank missiles costs regime $1.2 mn daily|website=en.zamanalwsl.net}}</ref>
| production_date    = 1963
| number             = 
| variants           = 9M14M, 9M14P1, Malyutka-2, Malyutka-2F
<!-- General specifications -->| spec_label         = 
| weight             = 10.9&nbsp;kg (9M14M)<br /> 11.4&nbsp;kg (9M14P1)<br /> 12.5&nbsp;kg (Malyutka-2)<br /> ~12&nbsp;kg (Malyutka-2F)<br /> 30.5&nbsp;kg (Launcher and guidance)<ref>{{cite web |title=AT-3 SAGGER Anti-Tank Guided Missile Hongjian (Red Arrow)-73 |url=https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at3sagger.htm |publisher=Federation of American Scientists (FAS) |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180502/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at3sagger.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=AT-3 SAGGER Anti-Tank Guided Missile Hongjian (Red Arrow)-73 |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/at-3-specs.htm |website=www.globalsecurity.org |publisher=Global Security |access-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216031351/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/at-3-specs.htm |archive-date=16 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| length             = 860&nbsp;mm<br /> 1,005&nbsp;mm combat ready (Malyutka-2)
| part_length        = 
| width              = 393&nbsp;mm (wingspan)
| height             = 
| diameter           = 125&nbsp;mm
| crew               = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
| cartridge          = 
| caliber            = 
| action             = 
| rate               = 
| velocity           = 
| range              = 500–3,000&nbsp;m
| max_range          = 
| feed               = 
| sights             = 9S415 guidance unit
<!-- Explosive specifications -->| filling            = 
| filling_weight     = 2.6&nbsp;kg (9M14M, 9M14P1)<br /> 3.5&nbsp;kg (Malyutka-2, Malyutka-2F)
| detonation         = 
| yield              = <!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
| armour             = 
| primary_armament   = 
| secondary_armament = 
| engine             = 
| engine_power       = 
| transmission       = 
| payload_capacity   = 
| fuel_capacity      = 
| pw_ratio           = 
| suspension         = 
| clearance          = 
| vehicle_range      = 
| speed              = {{convert|115|m/s|km/h|abbr=on}} (9M14M, 9M14P1)<br /> {{convert|130|m/s|km/h|abbr=on}} (Malyutka-2, Malyutka-2F)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://btvt.narod.ru/4/sagger.htm|title=Btvt.narod.ru|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406075242/http://btvt.narod.ru/4/sagger.htm|archive-date=6 April 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
| guidance           = [[MCLOS]], [[SACLOS]] (Later variants)
}}

The '''9M14 Malyutka''' ({{langx|ru|Малютка|links=no}}; "Little one", [[NATO reporting name]]: '''AT-3 Sagger''') is a [[manual command to line of sight]] (MCLOS) [[Wire-guided missile|wire-guided]] [[anti-tank guided missile]] (ATGM) system developed in the [[Soviet Union]]. It was the first man-portable anti-tank guided missile of the Soviet Union and is probably the most widely produced ATGM of all time—with Soviet production peaking at 25,000 missiles a year during the 1960s and 1970s. In addition, copies of the missile have been manufactured under various names by at least six countries.

Although they have been supplanted by more advanced anti-tank guided missiles, the Malyutka and its variants have seen widespread use in nearly every regional conflict since the 1960s and are still kept in large stockpiles and sometimes used to this day by non state actors such as [[Hezbollah]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Missiles and Rockets of Hezbollah |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/country/hezbollahs-rocket-arsenal/ |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Missile Threat |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Development==
Development began in July 1961 with the government assigning the project to two design teams: Tula and Kolomna.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McNab |first=Chris |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1020793018 |title=Sagger anti-tank missile vs M60 main battle tank : Yom Kippur War 1973 |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-4728-2578-0 |location=Oxford, UK |pages=7 |oclc=1020793018}}</ref> The requirements were:
* Vehicle mountable and/or man portable
* Range of 3,000 meters
* Armor penetration of 200 millimetres at 60°
* Maximum weight of 10 kilograms

The designs were based on the Western ATGMs of the 1950s, such as the French [[ENTAC]] and the Swiss [[Cobra (anti-tank missile)|Cobra]]. In the end, the prototype developed by the [[KB Mashinostroyeniya|Kolomna Machine Design Bureau]], who were also responsible for the [[3M6 Shmel]], was chosen. Initial tests were completed by 20 December 1962, and the missile was accepted for service on 16 September 1963.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sewell |first1=Stephen |title=Soviet T-55 Main Battle Tank |last2=Kinnear |first2=James |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2019 |isbn=9781472838537 |pages=122}}</ref>

== Description ==
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2019}}
The missile can be fired from a portable suitcase launcher (9P111), ground vehicles ([[BMP-1]], [[BRDM-2]]) and helicopters ([[Mil Mi-2|Mi-2]], [[Mil Mi-8|Mi-8]], [[Mi-24]], [[Aerospatiale Gazelle|Soko Gazelle]]). The missile takes about five minutes to deploy from its 9P111 fibreglass suitcase, which also serves as the launching platform.

The missile is guided to the target by means of a small joystick (9S415), which requires intensive training of the operator. The operator's adjustments are transmitted to the missile via a thin three-strand wire that trails behind the missile. The missile climbs into the air immediately after launch, which prevents it from hitting obstacles or the ground. In flight, the missile spins at 8.5 revolutions per second—it is initially spun by its booster, and the spin is maintained by the slight angle of the wings. The missile uses a small [[gyroscope]] to orient itself relative to the ground; as a result, the missile can take some time to bring back in line with the target, which gives it a minimum range of between {{convert|500|and|800|m|yd}}. For targets under 1,000 m, the operator can guide the missile by eye; for targets beyond this range the operator uses the eight-power, 22.5-degree field of view, 9Sh16 [[periscope]] sight.

The engagement envelope is a {{convert|3|km|mi}} wide, 45-degree arc centered on the missile's launch axis. At ranges under {{convert|1.5|km|mi}}, this arc reduces until, at the {{convert|500|m|yd}} range, the missile can only hit targets {{convert|50|m|yd}} either side of the center line. Accuracy falls off away from the launch axis—falling to approximately half its optimal accuracy at the extremes.

While early estimates of the missile hitting the target ranged from 60 to 90%, experience has shown that it can drop to an efficiency between 2 and 25% in case of less than optimal conditions and lack of skill from the operator. In fact, MCLOS requires considerable skill on the part of the operator, nevertheless, the weapon has always been quite popular with its operators and has enjoyed a constant updating effort both in the Soviet Union/Russia and in other countries.

The two most serious defects of the original weapon are its minimum range of between {{convert|500|and|800|m|yd}} (targets that are closer cannot be effectively engaged) and the amount of time it takes the slow moving missile to reach maximum range—around 30 seconds—giving the intended target time to take appropriate action, either by retreating behind an obstacle, laying down a [[smoke-screen]], or by returning fire on the operator.[https://www.bits.de/NRANEU/others/amd-us-archive/fm100-2-3%2891%29.pdf]

Later versions of the missile addressed these problems by implementing the much easier to use {{abbrlink|SACLOS|semi-automatic command to line of sight}} guidance system (though only available for ground vehicle and helicopter mounts), as well as upgrading the propulsion system to increase the average flight speed. The latest updates feature [[tandem-charge]] warheads or standoff probes to counteract [[explosive reactive armor]], as well as thermal imaging systems. Even in these latest versions, the Malyutka is probably the most inexpensive ATGM in service today.

[[File:BMP-1 AP 2.jpg|thumb|The turret of a BMP-1 with a 9M14M missile]]

== History ==
In [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] service, the man-portable version was deployed as part of the anti-tank [[platoon]] of motor rifle [[battalion]]s. Each platoon had two ''Malyutka'' sections, each with two teams. Each team had two launcher stations. One assistant gunner in each team served as an [[RPG-7]] gunner. The RPG-7 was needed to cover the 500 meter deadzone created by the minimum range of the missile.

It is also an integrated part of the [[BMP-1]], [[BMD-1]], and [[BRDM-2]] vehicles.

[[File:Balkans War 1991, Serb rockets - Flickr - Peter Denton 丕特 . 天登.jpg|right|thumb|[[Yugoslav People's Army]] Malyutkas overlooking Dubrovnik [[Siege of Dubrovnik|during its siege]], December 1991]]

===Vietnam War===
On 23 April 1972, the recently organized [[Army of the Republic of Vietnam]] (ARVN) [[20th Tank Regiment (South Vietnam)|20th Tank Regiment]] was attacked by the [[People's Army of Vietnam]] (PAVN) employing the Malyutka for the first time.<ref name="Dunstan">Dunstan</ref> The 20th was the only South Vietnamese armor unit equipped with the [[M48 Patton]] tank. This first employment of the Malyutka destroyed one M48A3 and one [[M113 armored personnel carrier|M113 armored cavalry assault vehicle]] (ACAV), and a second ACAV was damaged.<ref name=Starry>{{cite book|last=Starry|first=Donn|title=Mounted Combat In Vietnam Vietnam Studies|publisher=Department of the Army|year=1978|isbn=978-1780392462|url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-17-1/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216224119/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-17-1/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 December 2012}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>{{rp|210}}

During this engagement with the weapon, the ARVN tankers appeared fascinated by the missile's slow and erratic flight,<ref name=Starry/>{{rp|210–11}} but through experience, they soon deployed countermeasures against the weapon system. Upon launching by the enemy, ARVN crewmen would fire all their weapons towards the missile's firing position, which would make the gunner flinch and lose control of his missile. Although the gunner could take cover away from the launch site, the joystick control wire only allowed 15 meters of clearance. During the engagement, the ARVN eventually lost eight tanks to the 9M14M missile, but had developed tactics to defend themselves against it.<ref name="Dunstan"/>

During the [[Battle of Kontum]] (1972), 33 missiles were fired and 32 hit, destroying four tanks, two howitzers, six bunkers and seven other targets.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sknc.qdnd.vn/ky-niem-sau-sac/ky-tich-cua-trac-thu-ten-lua-b72-500575 | title=Kỳ tích của trắc thủ tên lửa B72 }}</ref>

During the [[Battle of Cửa Việt]] (1973), the PAVN put up fierce resistance to the attack, destroying 26 M48s and M113s with 9M14 missiles.<ref>{{cite book|last=Melson|first=Charles|title=U.S. Marines In Vietnam: The War That Would Not End, 1971–1973|publisher=History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps|year=1991|url=https://archive.org/details/TheWarThatWouldNotEnd|isbn=978-1482384055}}{{PD-notice}}</ref>{{rp|129–31}}

Vietnam claims that throughout the war, PAVN gunner Dao Van Tien fired 134 missiles and 130 hit, destroying 23 tanks and APCs, 12 howitzers, 27 bunkers and 17 other targets.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sknc.qdnd.vn/ky-niem-sau-sac/ky-tich-cua-trac-thu-ten-lua-b72-500575 | title=Kỳ tích của trắc thủ tên lửa B72 }}</ref>

===Yom Kippur War===
[[File:IDF Soldier with Captured 9M14 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger) Anti-tank Guided Missile.jpg|thumb|right|IDF soldiers inspect a captured 9M14 missile and launch unit.]]
The missile was employed by Arab armies during the initial phases of the [[Yom Kippur War]].<ref name=Tucker>Tucker, Spencer, C, ''The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars'', ABC-CLIO, LLC, (Santa Barbara California, 2010), p. 158, {{ISBN|978-1-85109-947-4}}</ref> Later in the war, the Israelis adopted new tactics and learned to neutralize the threat by employing large concentrations of artillery fire to either distract or kill the missile operators.<ref name=Tucker/> Other improvised methods used by the Israelis to defeat the Malyutkas involved firing in front of the tank to create dust, moving back and forth and firing at the source of the missile.<ref name=Rabinovich>Rabinovich, Abraham, ''The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed The Middle East'', Random House, p.140</ref> These Israeli tactics were later adopted by [[NATO]] forces to counter the threat posed by [[Warsaw Pact]] [[ATGM]]s.<ref Name=Rabinovich/> In total, Malyutkas knocked out more than 800 Israeli tanks and other combat vehicles during the war.<ref>"PTUR suhoputnih voisk", G.N.Dmitriev, Arhiv-Press, 1997, pp.10(Russian:ПТУР Сухопутных войск / Под ред. Г. Н. Дмитриева. — Киев: Архив-Пресс, 1997. — С. 10. — (Архив 500+). — 700 экз.)</ref>

===Libyan Civil War===
Rebels of the [[Free Libyan Army]] have been filmed using Malyutkas during the [[2011 Libyan Civil War|Libyan Civil War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IvVd_Nfd5gA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/IvVd_Nfd5gA |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Misratah - AL DAFNIA BATTLE 6|work=YouTube|date=25 May 2011 |access-date=13 November 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae6zGgGXKoU|title=صاروخ سعدون - YouTube|work=YouTube|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707004526/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae6zGgGXKoU|archive-date=7 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Syrian Civil War===
{{main|Syrian Civil War}}
Syrian rebels have also uploaded videos of themselves firing Malyutkas against government forces since late 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5b4_kF2hn4|title=YouTube|website=[[YouTube]]|access-date=20 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201192433/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5b4_kF2hn4|archive-date=1 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel ===
{{main|2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel}}
On 7 October 2023, a Palestinian faction, [[Al-Quds Brigades]] uploaded a video of them on [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]] supposedly operating a Malyutka inside a building located adjacent with the Israeli border against an Israeli vehicle near [[Nahal Oz]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2023 |title=The RAAD: An Iranian Anti-Tank Missile in Service of the Islamic Jihad |url=https://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/60015 |access-date=8 March 2024 |website=ISRAELDEFENSE}}</ref> However, the article cited has mistaken the Malyutka used as an Iranian [[RAAD (anti-tank guided missile)|RAAD]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2023 |title=Al-Quds Brigades Telegram |url=https://t.me/sarayaps/16161 |access-date=8 March 2024 |website=Telegram}}</ref> Similar rockets were fired in large numbers by [[Hezbollah]] on Israeli targets along the northern Israeli border during the war.

== Models ==
[[File:Maljutka modernizovana 03.jpg|thumb|A Serbian Malyutka 2T5|280px]]
[[File:AT-3 Sagger missile control box.JPG|thumb|A 9S415 control box for the Malyutka missile.]]

* '''9M14''' ''Malyutka''
** '''9M14''' ''Malyutka'' (NATO reporting name AT-3 ''Sagger'') [[Wire-guided missile|wire-guided]] [[MCLOS]], entered service in 1963.
** '''9M14P''' ''Malyutka-P'' (NATO reporting name AT-3C ''Sagger C'') [[Wire-guided missile|wire-guided]] [[SACLOS]], entered service in 1969. Improved warhead (460&nbsp;mm versus RHA)
*** '''9M14P1''' Improved warhead (520&nbsp;mm versus RHA), and a stand off probe for improved capability against [[Explosive Reactive Armour|ERA]].
*** '''9M14MP1'''
*** '''9M14MP2'''
** '''9M14M''' ''Malyutka-M'' (NATO reporting name AT-3B ''Sagger B'') [[Wire-guided missile|wire-guided]] [[MCLOS]], entered service in 1973. Improved motor, reducing flight time to maximum range. Mass 11&nbsp;kg. Range 3&nbsp;km.
** '''9M14-2''' ''Malyutka-2'' (NATO reporting name AT-3D ''Sagger D'') [[Wire-guided missile|wire-guided]] [[SACLOS]], entered service in 1992. Speed improved to 130&nbsp;m/s. 3.5&nbsp;kg [[HEAT]] warhead (800&nbsp;mm penetration versus RHA). Weight 12.5&nbsp;kg. Range 3&nbsp;km.
*** '''9M14-2M''' ''Malyutka-2M'' 4.2&nbsp;kg tandem HEAT warhead for improved capability against [[Explosive Reactive Armour|ERA]]. Weight 13.5&nbsp;kg. Speed 120&nbsp;m/s.
*** '''9M14-2P''' ''Malyutka-2P''
*** '''9M14-2F''' ''Malyutka-2F'' 3.0&nbsp;kg [[thermobaric]] warhead. Intended for use against troops and soft vehicles.
*** '''9M14P-2F'''
*** '''9M14-2T'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/72229/mti-develops-longer-range-malyutka-2t|title=MTI develops longer-range Malyutka 2T - Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|access-date=7 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508055106/http://www.janes.com/article/72229/mti-develops-longer-range-malyutka-2t|archive-date=8 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Serbian [[Military Technical Institute Belgrade|VTI]] Malyutka-2T [[SACLOS]]. 4.4&nbsp;kg tandem HEAT warhead (1,000&nbsp;mm penetration versus RHA), improved capability against [[Explosive Reactive Armour|ERA]]. Weight 13.7&nbsp;kg. Speed 120&nbsp;m/s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yugoimport.com/en/proizvodi/malyutka-2-anti-tank-guided-missile-family|title=МАLYUTKA - 2 ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILE FAMILY - SDPR - Yugoimport|website=www.yugoimport.com|access-date=8 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529234810/http://www.yugoimport.com/en/proizvodi/malyutka-2-anti-tank-guided-missile-family|archive-date=29 May 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
*** '''2T5''' Serbian VTI Malyutka-2T5 range 5 kilometers, guided missile via radio control. Speed 200&nbsp;m/s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/2023/partner-2023-serbia-s-military-technical-institute-presents-malyutka-povr-2t5-anti-armored-guided-missile |title=Partner 2023: Serbia's Military Technical Institute presents Malyutka Povr 2T5 Anti-Armored Guided Missile |website=Army Recognition |date=23 September 2023 |access-date=20 August 2024 |language=en}}</ref> 
* '''HJ-73''' ''Hongjian'' Red Arrow-73 China
** '''HJ-73''' [[MCLOS]] entered service in 1979
** '''HJ-73A''' [[SACLOS]] new guidance system as well as stronger primary warhead.
** '''HJ-73B''' [[SACLOS]] stand off probe for improved capability against [[Explosive Reactive Armour|ERA]]
** '''HJ-73C''' SACLOS tandem HEAT warhead to penetrate vehicles protected by ERA. Launcher equipped with thermals.<ref>[https://www.armyrecognition.com/july_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/china_has_delivered_hj-73d_anti-tank_missile_systems_and_assault_rifles_to_south_sudan_1507142.html China has delivered HJ-73D anti-tank missile systems and assault rifles to South Sudan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201020221/https://www.armyrecognition.com/july_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/china_has_delivered_hj-73d_anti-tank_missile_systems_and_assault_rifles_to_south_sudan_1507142.html |date=1 February 2018 }} - Armyrecognition.com, 15 July 2014</ref>
* '''[[RAAD (anti-tank guided missile)|RAAD]]''' [[Iran]]
** '''RAAD''' 9M14M clone
** '''RAAD-T''' tandem HEAT warhead
** '''I-RAAD''' [[SACLOS]]
** '''I-RAAD-T''' SACLOS tandem HEAT warhead
* '''Susong-Po''' [[North Korea]]n
* '''Maliutka M2T''' Romania, joint ELMEC and [[MBDA|Euromissile]] project, uses [[MILAN|MILAN 2T]] tandem warhead capable of defeating ~900mm of RHA.<ref>[http://www.elmec.ro/eng_produse.html ELMEC website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726195706/http://www.elmec.ro/eng_produse.html |date=26 July 2010 }}</ref>
* '''Kun Wu 1''' In the 1970s, the Taiwanese [[National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology]] replicated and produced the 9M14 Malyutka as the Kun Wu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malyutka |url=http://www.military-today.com/missiles/malyutka.htm |website=Military Today |access-date=28 August 2019}}{{dead link|date=December 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The ROC had obtained the 9M14 Malyutkas from [[South Vietnam]]. Due to the dated design and low priority placed on anti-tank weapons by the armed forces it was not widely adopted.<ref name="CIA 1985">{{cite web |title=Taiwan's Modest Defense Industries Program |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP04T00447R000100590001-9.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123214031/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP04T00447R000100590001-9.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 January 2017 |website=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref> 


===Production===
The Malyutka and modern derivatives are still produced in several versions in following countries:
* [[North Korea]] – domestic version Bulsae-1<ref name=Mitzer27>{{cite book |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=The Armed Forces of North Korea: On the Path of Songun |publisher=Helion & Company |date=2020 |isbn=978-1-910777-14-5 |page=27}}</ref>
* [[Iran]] – domestic modernized version [[RAAD (missile)|RAAD]]
* [[Serbia]] – few domestic modernized versions with different types of warheads, range and guidance
* [[Vietnam]] – CTVN-18, under license from Serbia version with improved [[SACLOS]] guidance
* [[China]] – HJ-73 variants
* [[Romania]] – Malyutka M2T
* [[Egypt]] – licensed modernized version AHRAM with new warheads and a thermal sight

==Operators==
[[File:9M14 operators.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Operators {{legend|#0b60d4|Current}}{{legend|#dc0023|Former}}]]
===Current===
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* {{AFG}} − Used by the [[Taliban]]<ref name="SAS">{{cite journal |last1=Schroeder |first1=Matt |last2=King |first2=Benjamin |editor1-last=McDonald |editor1-first=Glenn |editor2-last=LeBrun |editor2-first=Emile |editor3-last=Berman |editor3-first=Eric G. |editor4-last=Krause |editor4-first=Keith |title=Chapter 10. Surveying the Battlefield: Illicit Arms In Afghanistan, Iraq, and Somalia |journal=Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets |date=2012 |issue=12 |pages=313–348 |url=https://www.smallarmssurvey.org/resource/small-arms-survey-2012-moving-targets |access-date=17 April 2024 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |language=en}}</ref>
* {{DZA}}<ref name="MiddleEastNorthAfrica">{{cite journal |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=Chapter Six: Middle East and North Africa |journal=The Military Balance |date=2024 |volume=124 |issue=1 |pages=328–395 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298594 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/04597222.2024.2298594 |access-date=17 April 2024 |language=en |issn=0459-7222 |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* {{ANG}}<ref name="Africa">{{cite journal |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=Chapter Eight: Sub-Saharan Africa |journal=The Military Balance |date=2024 |volume=124 |issue=1 |pages=458–531 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298597 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/04597222.2024.2298597 |access-date=17 April 2024 |language=en |issn=0459-7222 |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* {{flag|Azerbaijan}}<ref name="RussiaEurasia">{{cite journal |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=Chapter Four: Russia and Eurasia |journal=The Military Balance |date=2024 |volume=124 |issue=1 |pages=158–217 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/04597222.2024.2298592 |access-date=17 April 2024 |language=en |issn=0459-7222 |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* {{BIH}}<ref name="Europe">{{cite journal |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=Chapter Three: Europe |journal=The Military Balance |date=2024 |volume=124 |issue=1 |pages=54–157 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298591 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/04597222.2024.2298591 |access-date=17 April 2024 |language=en |issn=0459-7222 |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* {{PRC}}<ref name="Asia" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at3sagger.htm |title=FAS report on AT-3 SAGGER Anti-Tank Guided Missile |access-date=6 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180502/http://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at3sagger.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{CUB}}<ref name="LatinAmerica">{{cite journal |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=Chapter Seven: Latin America and the Caribbean |journal=The Military Balance |date=2024 |volume=124 |issue=1 |pages=396–457 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298595 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/04597222.2024.2298595 |access-date=17 April 2024 |language=en |issn=0459-7222 |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* {{EGY}}<ref name="MiddleEastNorthAfrica" />
* {{flag|Eritrea}}<ref name="Africa" />
* {{ETH}}<ref name="Africa" />
* {{flag|Guinea}}<ref name="Africa" />
* {{IRN}}<ref name="MiddleEastNorthAfrica" />
* {{flag|Indonesia}}<ref name="Asia">{{cite journal |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=Chapter Five: Asia |journal=The Military Balance |date=2024 |volume=124 |issue=1 |pages=218–327 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2024.2298593 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/04597222.2024.2298593 |access-date=17 April 2024 |language=en |issn=0459-7222 |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}<ref name="RussiaEurasia" />
* {{MAR}}<ref name="MiddleEastNorthAfrica" />
* {{MOZ}}<ref name="Africa" />
* {{NIC}}<ref name="LatinAmerica" />
* {{flag|North Korea}}<ref name="Asia" />
* {{PER}} − Includes Chinese HJ-73C<ref name="LatinAmerica" />
* {{POL}}<ref name="Europe" />
* {{ROM}}<ref name="Europe" />
* {{SADR}}<ref name = 'ABC catastrofe'>{{cite journal|title=El fracaso militar del Polisario: Smul Niran, una catástrofe de la guerrilla|url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1984/11/20/032.html|author=Salvador López de la Torre|journal=[[ABC (newspaper)|ABC]]|pages=32-33<!--endif p.totales-->|language=es|date=20 November 1984|access-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707100622/http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1984/11/20/032.html|archive-date=7 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{SRB}}<ref name="Europe" />
* {{SVK}}<ref name="Europe" />
* {{flag|South Sudan}} – Chinese HJ-73<ref name="Africa" />
* {{flag|Sudan}}<ref name="Africa" />
* {{SYR}}<ref name="MiddleEastNorthAfrica" />
* {{flag|Turkmenistan}}<ref name="RussiaEurasia" />
* {{flag|Uzbekistan}}<ref name="RussiaEurasia" />
* {{VIE}}<ref name="Asia" />
* {{YEM}}<ref name="MiddleEastNorthAfrica" />
* {{ZAM}}<ref name="Africa" />
{{Div col end}}

===Non-state===
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg}} [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]]<ref name="smallarmssurvey.org1">{{cite web|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/H-Research_Notes/SAS-Research-Note-31.pdf|title=Armed Actor Research Notes: ''Armed Groups' Holding of Guided Light Weapons''. Number 31, June 2013.|publisher=Small Arms Survey|access-date=9 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313111528/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/H-Research_Notes/SAS-Research-Note-31.pdf|archive-date=13 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg}} [[Boko Haram]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fulansitrep.wordpress.com/2014/08/09/9th-and-10th-august-nigeria-sitrep-boko-haram/|title=9th And 10th August Nigeria SITREP (Boko Haram)|date=9 August 2014|author=Fulan Nasrullah|access-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142832/https://fulansitrep.wordpress.com/2014/08/09/9th-and-10th-august-nigeria-sitrep-boko-haram/|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of al-Qassam Brigades.svg}} [[Hamas]] − Reportedly smuggled from the Sinai peninsula<ref name="MiddleEastNorthAfrica" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Harel |first1=Amos |title=IDF worried Hamas may have advanced anti-tank missiles |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2007-02-21/ty-article/idf-worried-hamas-may-have-advanced-anti-tank-missiles/0000017f-db98-df9c-a17f-ff98ad870000 |access-date=17 April 2024 |work=Haaretz |date=21 February 2007 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[File:InfoboxHez.PNG|22px|border]] [[Hezbollah]]<ref name ="guid"/>
* {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]<ref name="2017b">International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance, 2017</ref>
* {{flagicon image|AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Sinai Province|Islamic State – Sinai Province]]<ref>{{cite tweet|number=972971281367920640|user=Mansourtalk|title=#Egyptian army seizures in...|date=11 March 2018}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Kurdistan.svg}} [[Peshmerga|KDP Peshmerga]]<ref name="2017b"/>
* {{flagicon|Libya}} [[Libyan National Army]]<ref name="MiddleEastNorthAfrica" />
* {{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Palestine Liberation Organization]]<ref name="Atlas-fr"/>
* {{flagicon image|InfoboxPIJ.svg}} [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] (aka Al-Quds Brigades)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gettyimages.com/license/584184786|title=Palestinian militants from the Al-Quds Brigades, the armed wing of...|publisher=AFP/Getty Images|author=Said Khatib|date=28 July 2016 }}</ref>
* [[Popular Mobilization Units]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/MDE1453862017ENGLISH.PDF|title=Iraq: Turning a blind eye: The arming of the Popular Mobilization Units|date=5 January 2017|publisher=Amnesty International|access-date=9 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313161058/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/MDE1453862017ENGLISH.PDF|archive-date=13 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Syrian_Democratic_Forces.svg}} [[Syrian Democratic Forces]]<ref name="Janovsky">{{cite web |last1=Janovský |first1=Jakub |title=Seven Years of War — Documenting Syrian Rebel Use of Anti-Tank Guided Missiles |url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2018/05/04/seven-years-war-documenting-syrian-rebel-use-anti-tank-guided-missiles/ |website=Bellingcat |access-date=17 April 2024 |date=4 May 2018}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syria 2011, observed.svg}} [[Syrian rebels]]<ref name ="guid"/>
* {{flagicon image|InfoboxHTS.svg}}[[Tahrir al-Sham]]<ref name="MiddleEastNorthAfrica" />
* {{flagicon image|People's_Protection_Units_Flag.svg}} [[YPG]]<ref name="Janovsky" />
{{Div col end}}

===Former===
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* {{flag|Albania}} − Chinese HJ-73<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ioannis |first1=Michaletos |title=Security and Defense in Albania |url=https://rieas.gr/researchareas/global-issues/balkan-studies/3348-security-and-defense-in-albania |website=rieas.gr |publisher=Research Institute for European and American Studies |access-date=16 April 2024 |date=10 August 2008}}</ref>
* {{ARM}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=903}}
* {{BAN}} − Chinese HJ-73<ref name="armstrade.sipri.org" />
* {{BUL}} − In storage<ref name="Europe" />
* {{flag|Cambodia}} − Chinese HJ-73<ref name="armstrade.sipri.org" />
* {{flag|Congo}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=906}}
* {{CRO}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=906}}
* {{CZS}}{{sfn|Hogg|1987|page=978}}
* {{CZE}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=906}}
* {{GDR}}{{sfn|Hogg|1987|page=978}}
* {{FIN}}<ref name="armstrade.sipri.org">{{cite web |title=Arms transfer database |url=https://armstransfers.sipri.org/ArmsTransfer/TransferRegister |website=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref>
* {{GEO}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=908}}
* {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=908}}
* {{HUN}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=909}}
* {{IND}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=909}}
* {{IRQ}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=909}}
* {{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)|Iraqi insurgents]]<ref name="SAS" />
* {{ISR}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=909}}
* {{flagicon image|UCK KLA.svg}} [[Kosovo Liberation Army]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.shutterstock.com/de/editorial/image-editorial/kosovo-kfor-soldiersweapon-seized-apr-2001-7657371a|title = Urosevac Kosovo Yugoslavia Kfor Polish Ukrainian Soldiers Redaktionelles Stockfoto – Stockbild &#124; Shutterstock}}</ref>
* {{LAT}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=910}}
* {{flag|Libya|1977}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=911}}
* {{MLI}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=911}}
* {{MNG}}<ref name="armstrade.sipri.org"/>
* {{flagicon|Mali}} [[National Committee for the Restoration of Democracy and State]] (CNRDR)<ref name ="guid"/> 
* {{flagicon image|Uck Nla logo.svg}} [[National Liberation Army (Macedonia)]]<ref name ="guid"/>
* {{MKD}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=911}} 
* {{flag|North Vietnam}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Howard |first1=Lt. Col. William L. |editor1-last=Aubin |editor1-first=Capt. Stephen P. |title=Technical Intelligence: The Critical Gap |journal=Military Intelligence |date=January–March 1986 |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xky4Jz4qzjcC |access-date=17 April 2024 |publisher=U.S. Army Intelligence Center & School |language=en}}</ref>          
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Palestine.svg}} [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]]<ref name ="guid"/>  
* {{RUS}}<ref name="Military Balance 2015">{{Cite journal |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |year=2015 |title=Chapter Five: Russia and Eurasia |journal=The Military Balance |volume=115 |issue=1 |page=190 |doi=10.1080/04597222.2015.996357|s2cid=219626710 }}</ref>
* {{SLO}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=915}}
* {{flag|Somalia}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=915}}
* {{flag|South Yemen}}<ref name="armstrade.sipri.org"/>
* {{USSR}}{{sfn|Hogg|1987|page=984}}
* {{TWN}} − Kun Wu<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chant |first1=Christopher |title=A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware (Routledge Revivals) |date=3 June 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-64675-3 |pages=1117–1118 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHS3AwAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref>
* {{UGA}}{{sfn|Jones|Ness|2010|page=917}}
* [[Union of Forces for Democracy and Development]]<ref name ="guid">{{cite web|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/M-files/Armed%20groups'%20guided%20missiles%20-%20March%20update.pdf|title=Guided light weapons reportedly held by non-state armed groups 1998-2013.|publisher=Small Arms Survey.|date=March 2013|access-date=9 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818055508/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/M-files/Armed%20groups'%20guided%20missiles%20-%20March%20update.pdf|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flag|Yugoslavia}}{{sfn|Hogg|1987|page=984}}
{{Div col end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of Russian weaponry]]
* [[List of NATO reporting names for anti-tank missiles]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* Hull, A.W., Markov, D.R., Zaloga, S.J. (1999). ''Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present''. Darlington Productions. {{ISBN|1-892848-01-5}}.
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Hogg |editor1-first=Ian V. |editor1-link=Ian V. Hogg |title=Jane's Infantry Weapons 1987-88 |date=1987 |publisher=Janes Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-0843-7 |edition=1st |language=English}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Jones |editor1-first=Richard D. |editor2-last=Ness |editor2-first=Leland |title=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2010-2011 |date=2010 |publisher=Janes Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-2908-1 |edition=36th}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181005003548/http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/search/outinfo.php?malutka%2Fmalutka.shtml ''Противотанковый ракетный комплекс "Малютка" (9К14/9К11)''] {{in lang|ru}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051215175233/http://waronline.org/IDF/Articles/firstATGM.htm ''ПТУР первого поколения в АОИ'', by Oleg Granovsky] {{in lang|ru}}
* [http://btvt.narod.ru/4/sagger.htm ''ПТРК 9К11/9К14 «Малютка»''] {{in lang|ru}}
* [[Donn A. Starry|Starry, Donn A.]], General. ''Mounted Combat in Vietnam.'' Vietnam Studies; Department of the Army. First printed 1978-CMH Pub 90–17.
* Dunstan, Simon. ''Vietnam Tracks-Armor in Battle.'' 1982 edition, Osrey Publishing; {{ISBN|0-89141-171-2}}.

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ote87SAD4r0 short YouTube video showing Sagger being unpacked and prepared to fire]
* [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at3sagger.htm FAS report on AT-3 SAGGER Anti-Tank Guided Missile]
* [http://warfare.be/?catid=261&linkid=2202 Russian webpage on AT-3 MALYUTKA]

{{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}}
{{Russian and Soviet missiles|ATM}}

[[Category:Anti-tank guided missiles of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Anti-tank guided missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Hezbollah rocket systems]]
[[Category:KB Mashinostroyeniya products]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s]]
[[Category:Wire-guided missiles]]