View source for 7×57mm Mauser

{{Short description|German military rifle cartridge}}
{{Infobox firearm cartridge
| name = 7×57mm
| image = Ammunition 7x57.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Two 7×57mm cartridges next to a [[7.5×55mm Swiss|7.5×55mm/GP11]] (middle), [[.308 Winchester]] and [[.223 Remington]] (far right)
| origin = [[German Empire]]
| type = [[Rifle]]
<!-- Service history -->
| service = 
| used_by = [[Austria-Hungary]]<br />[[Spain]]<br />[[Dominican Republic]]<br />[[Colombia]]<br />[[Mexico]]<br />[[Brazil]]<br />[[Chile]]<br />[[Cuba]]<br />[[Kingdom of Serbia]]<br />[[Venezuela]]<br />[[First Philippine Republic]]<br />[[Boer]]s
| wars = [[Rif War (1893)|First Rif War]]<br />[[Spanish–American War]]<br />[[Philippine–American War]]<br />[[Mexican Revolution]]<br />[[Second Boer War]]<br />[[Macedonian Struggle]]<br />[[Balkan Wars]]<br />[[First World War]]<br />[[Spanish Civil War]]<br />other conflicts
<!-- Production history -->
| designer = [[Paul Mauser]]
| design_date = 1892
| manufacturer = 
| production_date = 1892–present
| number = 
| variants = 7×57mmR (rimmed)
<!-- Specifications -->
| is_SI_specs = yes
| parent = none
| case_type = Rimless, bottleneck
| bullet = 7.25
| land = 6.98
| neck = 8.25
| shoulder = 10.92
| base = 12.01
| rim_dia = 12.10
| rim_thick = 1.15
| case_length = 57.00
| length = 78.00
| case_capacity = 3.90
| rifling = 220&nbsp;mm (1 in 8.66 in)
| primer = Large rifle
| max_pressure = 390.00
| pressure_method = C.I.P.
| max_pressure2 = 351.63
| pressure_method2 = SAAMI
| max_cup = 46,000
<!-- Ballistic performance -->
| is_SI_ballistics = yes
| bwunit = gram
| bw1 = 8.0
| btype1 = RWS KS
| vel1 = 900.0
| en1 = 3240
| bw2 = 10.5
| btype2 = RWS ID Classic
| vel2 = 800.0
| en2 = 3360
| bw3 = 11.2
| btype3 = RWS HMK
| vel3 = 770.0
| en3 = 3320
| bw4 = 11.2
| btype4 = Factory Military
| vel4 = 700.0
| en4 = 2746
| bw5 = 
| btype5 = 
| vel5 = 
| en5 = 
| test_barrel_length = 735&nbsp;mm (29 in) 173&nbsp;g military loading, 600&nbsp;mm (23.62 in) RWS
| balsrc = RWS / RUAG Ammotech<ref>[http://www.rws-munition.de/en/rifle_cartridges/ballistic_data.htm?navid=10 RWS Ammunition Ballistic Data & Application Consultant] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831085149/http://www.rws-munition.de/en/rifle_cartridges/ballistic_data.htm?navid=10 |date=2009-08-31}} Cartridges of the World, Frank C. Barnes, 6th ed.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.saami.org/specifications_and_information/publications/download/206.pdf |title=ANSI/SAAMI Centerfire Rifle {{!}} Z.299.4 1992 – Pages 19 and 24 of 240 |access-date=2010-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129062014/http://saami.org/specifications_and_information/publications/download/206.pdf |archive-date=2010-11-29 |url-status=dead|pages=13–17 }}</ref>
}}
{{Infobox firearm cartridge
| name = 7×57mmR
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption = 
| type = 
| origin = 
<!-- Service history -->
| service = 
| used_by = 
| wars = 
<!-- Production history -->
| designer = 
| design_date = 
| manufacturer = 
| production_date = 
| number = 
| variants = 
<!-- Specifications -->
| is_SI_specs = yes
| parent = 
| case_type = Rimmed, bottlenecked
| bullet = 7.25
| neck = 8.25
| shoulder = 10.92
| base = 12.05
| rim_dia = 13.50
| rim_thick = 1.60
| case_length = 57.00
| length = 78.00
| max_pressure = 340.00
| pressure_method = C.I.P.
| case_capacity = 3.90
| rifling = 220&nbsp;mm (1 in 8.66 in)
| primer = Large rifle
<!-- Ballistic performance -->
| is_SI_ballistics = yes
| bwunit = gram
| bw1 = 
| btype1 = 
| vel1 = 
| en1 = 
| bw2 = 
| btype2 = 
| vel2 = 
| en2 = 
| bw3 = 
| btype3 = 
| vel3 = 
| en3 = 
| bw4 = 
| btype4 = 
| vel4 = 
| en4 = 
| bw5 = 
| btype5 = 
| vel5 = 
| en5 = 
| test_barrel_length = 
| balsrc = 
}}

The '''7×57mm Mauser''' (designated as the '''7&nbsp;mm Mauser''' or '''7×57mm''' by the [[SAAMI]] and '''7 × 57''' by the [[C.I.P.]]) is a first-generation [[smokeless powder]] [[Rim (firearms)|rimless]] bottlenecked [[rifle]] [[Cartridge (firearms)|cartridge]]. It was developed by [[Paul Mauser]] of the [[Mauser]] company in 1892 and adopted as a military cartridge by Spain in 1893.<ref name="wilson">Jim Wilson "A Perfectly Delightful Cartridge: 7×57 mm Mauser" ''American Rifleman'' November 2009 pp.53–55</ref> It was subsequently adopted by several other countries as the standard military cartridge, and although now obsolete as a military cartridge, it remains in widespread international use as a sporting round. The 7×57 Mauser (originally known in Britain as the .275) was a popular stalking cartridge and sporting rifles in this chambering were made by the famous British riflemakers, such as [[John Rigby & Company|John Rigby]], [[Holland & Holland|Holland and Holland]], [[Westley Richards]] and others. British cartridge nomenclature designated caliber in inches, and the cartridge was known as the .275 bore after the measurement of a 7&nbsp;mm rifle's bore across the [[Rifling|lands]].<ref name="wilson" /> The cartridge is today often erroneously referred to as the ".275 Rigby", however neither Rigby & Sons nor Kynoch (the major UK ammunition manufacturer of the period) sold the cartridge in boxes labeled .275 Rigby - instead it was always marked ".275 bore" (Rigby) or 7mm Mauser (Kynoch) and it is doubtful the cartridge was ever referred to as the ".275 Rigby" during its golden period.  

[[File:7mm Mauser, 8mm Mauser round nose, 8mm Mauser military ball.JPG|thumb|left|A modern 7 mm Mauser cartridge next to two 7.92 mm Mauser cartridges (FMJ round nose and spitzer bullets)]]

== History ==
Paul Mauser visited the [[Spain under the Restoration|Kingdom of Spain]] in 1892 after the delivery of trial rifles in 1891 and brought with him a new rifle designed to use a new cartridge of 7&nbsp;mm caliber. Judging by the dimensions of the casing, it was developed from Mauser's [[Patrone 88]] adopted into German service: in fact, its derivative, [[6.5×57mm Mauser]], was marketed as ''M88/57/6.5 mit und ohne Rand'' in a 1921 catalog.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://gunmag.com.ua/7-9257-mauser-part-2 | title=Легендарный 7.92х57 Mauser. Часть 2 | date=March 2013 }}</ref> Like the [[7.65×53mm Mauser]] introduced in 1889, he had developed the 7×57mm Mauser cartridge for use with the new [[smokeless propellant]], introduced as [[Poudre B]] in the 1886 pattern [[8×50mmR Lebel]], which started a military rifle ammunition revolution. At the time of its development 7×57mm Mauser was a high-performance smokeless-powder cartridge.

The Mauser Model 1892 rifle turned out to be a transitional design that was manufactured in limited numbers for the Spanish Army.{{sfn|De Haas & Zwoll|p=130}} It was quickly improved to the [[Mauser Model 1893]] featuring a new internal [[box magazine]] where the cartridges were stored in a staggered column. The Spaniards were so impressed with the Mauser Model 1892 and 1893 rifles and their new 7×57mm Mauser cartridge that they not only ordered rifles and ammunition from Mauser, but also awarded him the Grand Cross of the Spanish Military Order of Merit, the highest decoration Mauser ever received.<ref>[http://sportsmansvintagepress.com/read-free/mauser-rifles-pistols-table-of-contents/historical-forward/ Mauser Rifles and Pistols by W. H. B. Smith]</ref>

== Cartridge dimensions ==
The 7×57mm cartridge has 3.90 [[milliliter|ml]] (60 [[grain (measure)|grains]] H<sub>2</sub>O) cartridge case capacity. The exterior shape of the case was designed to promote reliable case feeding and extraction in [[bolt-action]] rifles and [[machine guns]] alike, under extreme conditions.

[[File:7 x 57.jpg|400px]]

'''7×57mm maximum C.I.P. cartridge dimensions.''' All sizes in millimeters (mm).

Americans would define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 ≈ 20.55 degrees. The common [[rifling]] [[twist rate]] for this cartridge is 220&nbsp;mm (1 in 8.66 in), 4 grooves, diameter of lands = {{convert|6.98|mm|in|abbr=on}}, diameter of grooves = {{convert|7.24|mm|in|abbr=on}}, land width = {{convert|3.90|mm|in|abbr=on}} and the [[Percussion cap|primer type]] is large rifle.

European 7&nbsp;mm cartridges all have 7.24&nbsp;mm (0.285&nbsp;in) grooves diameter. American 7&nbsp;mm cartridges have 7.21&nbsp;mm (0.284&nbsp;in) grooves diameter.

According to the official [[C.I.P.]] (Commission Internationale Permanente pour l'Epreuve des Armes à Feu Portatives) rulings the 7×57mm case can handle up to {{convert|390.00|MPa|psi|abbr=on}} P<sub>max</sub> piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be [[Proof (firearms)|proofed]] at 125% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers.<ref>[http://www.cip-bobp.org/homologation/uploads/tdcc/tab-i/tabical-en-page33.pdf C.I.P. TDCC datasheet 7 x 57]</ref>

The [[SAAMI]] maximum average pressure (MAP) for this cartridge is {{convert|51000|psi|MPa|2|abbr=on}} piezo pressure or 46,000 [[Copper units of pressure|CUP]].<ref>{{cite web|title=ANSI/SAAMI Velocity & Pressure Data: Centerfire Rifle |date=2013-01-11 |url=http://www.saami.org/specifications_and_information/specifications/Velocity_Pressure_CfR.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702015600/http://saami.org/specifications_and_information/specifications/Velocity_Pressure_CfR.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-02 |url-status=dead |access-date=2017-03-23 }}</ref><ref name="speer">{{citation
 |title=Speer Reloading Manual
 |editor=Allan Jones
 |volume=#14
 |issue=2nd Printing
 |pages=360
 |year=2007
 |publisher=ATK/Speer
 |isbn=978-0-9791860-0-4
 }}</ref> This lower specification is in deference to the Remington Rolling block rifles that may still be in circulation. Concerns regarding the early Mauser rifles such as the models 93 and 95 are misplaced,<ref name="speer" /> as the original ammunition issued with the M93 Spanish Mauser produced an average pressure of 50,370 CUP in those rifles.<ref name=Whittemore>{{cite book|last=Whittemore|first=J.M.|title=Report Of Test Of Mauser Arms And Ammunition Relative To Pressures And Velocities |year=1899|publisher=US Govt.Print.Off|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgFHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA179}}</ref><ref name=Cardenal>{{Citation | last=Cardenal | first=Salvador | year=1895 | editor-last=De Salvat | title=Contribución experimental al estudio de los efectos de los modernos proyectiles de guerra y de su tratamiento | journal=Hojas Selectas | publication-date=1904 | pages=716 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tERNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA716 | quote=La presión desarrollada en la recámara por la expansión de los gases de combustión de la pólvora sin humo equivale á 3.500 kilogramos – The pressure developed in the chamber by expansion of the combustion gases of smokeless gunpowder equals 3,500&nbsp;kg/cm2 (49782 psi)}}</ref>

== 7×57mmR (rimmed) ==
A rimmed cartridge was developed from the 7×57mm shortly after its introduction for use in break-action rifles and combination guns. A rimmed cartridge greatly simplifies the issues of designing an extractor, particularly in a [[combination gun]] or "drilling" which must also be designed to extract rimmed shotgun shells. While various modern break-action and single-shot rifle and pistol designs have been developed that can reliably extract rimless cartridges, most of these date from the 1970s or later.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} While the external dimensions of the two versions are nearly identical other than the rim, there are differences in the internal design. In particular, the cartridge web, the area immediately above the rim on the rimmed version or the rebate on the rimless version, is thinner in the rimmed case, and some authorities recommend limiting the rimmed cartridge to 41,000 CUP because of this.<ref name="Norma home page">{{citation
 |title=Norma homepage: 7×57 R Mauser
 |date=August 2012
 |url=http://www.norma.cc/en/Products/Hunting/7x57-R-Mauser/
 }}</ref>

[[File:7X57R.jpg|7×57mmR hunting cartridge]]

'''7×57mmR cartridge dimensions.''' All sizes in millimeters (mm).<ref>[http://www.cip-bobp.org/homologation/uploads/tdcc/tab-ii/tabiical-en-page22.pdf C.I.P. TDCC datasheet 7 x 57 R]</ref>

== Sporting round ==
[[File:7x57 - SB- SP - 2.jpg|thumb|right|7×57mm hunting cartridge]]
The ballistics of the 7×57mm became popular with deer and [[plains game]] hunters. The relatively flat trajectory and manageable recoil ensured its place as a sportsman's cartridge. The 7×57mm can offer very good penetrating ability due to a fast twist rate that enables it to fire long, heavy bullets with a high [[sectional density]]. This made it popular in Africa, where it was used on animals up to and including elephants, for which it was particularly favoured by noted ivory hunter [[W.D.M. Bell|W.D.M. "Karamojo" Bell]], who shot about 800 African elephants with 1893 pattern 7×57mm military ball ammunition using [[John Rigby & Company|Rigby]] [[Mauser 98]] rifles, when most ivory hunters were using larger-caliber rifles.<ref name="chuckhawks.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.chuckhawks.com/bell_elephants.htm|title=W.D.M. Bell and His Elephants|work=ChuckHawks.com|last=Passmore|first=James}}</ref> Bell selected the cartridge for moderate recoil, and relied on the {{convert|11.2|g|gr|1|adj = on}} long round-nosed military full metal jacket bullets for penetration.

The 7×57mm was also the favored cartridge of Eleanor O'Connor, wife of famous hunter and author [[Jack O'Connor (American writer)|Jack O'Connor]]. Eleanor accompanied her husband on multiple hunting expeditions all over the world, killing small and large game with the 7×57mm. Jack O'Connor also made extensive use of the round and remarked that "I think I have seen more game killed with fewer shots from this modest little cartridge than with any other."<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Connor|first=Jack|date=1974|title=Forty Years with the Little 7mm|url=https://gundigest.com/more/classic-guns/forty-years-little-7mm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927061919/https://gundigest.com/more/classic-guns/forty-years-little-7mm |archive-date=2020-09-27 |access-date=2021-01-24|website=Gun Digest|language=en-US}}</ref> Though not as popular today, the 7×57mm is still produced by most major ammunition manufacturers and many modern rifles are available chambered for the cartridge. The cartridge is more popular in Europe than in the United States and most European gunmakers chamber rifles in 7×57mm. (Although they don't export them to the USA.)

The 7×57mm round was also used by the Indian hunter and conservationist [[Jim Corbett]] to put down the infamous man-eating [[Leopard of Rudraprayag]] besides a few other [[Man-Eaters of Kumaon]]. Corbett's writings mention using the .275 in a Rigby-made Mauser 1898 sporting rifle with attached torch to despatch the leopard on a dark summer night in May 1926. For man-eating tigers, Corbett preferred the [[.450/400 Nitro Express]] cartridge in a double-barreled configuration from W.J. Jeffery & Co as the [[.400 Jeffery Nitro Express]] rifle but retained the Rigby Mauser as a backup weapon.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

The 7×57 is able to handle a wide range of projectile weights, is easy to reload, has relatively mild recoil, and is accurate. Some rifle [[metallic silhouette]] shooters use 7×57.<ref name="Aussiehunter">{{cite web|url=https://aussiehunter.org/shooting/calibres/calibers-284/the-7x57/ |title=The 7×57, 7&nbsp;mm Mauser Ballistics |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326165059/http://aussiehunter.org/shooting/calibres/calibers-284/the-7x57/ |archive-date=2016-03-26 |access-date=2017-03-23}}</ref>

== Military use ==
The military of the [[Spain under the Restoration|Kingdom of Spain]] adopted the [[Mauser Model 1893]] rifle. It was chambered for the new 7×57mm Mauser cartridge. The original cartridge featured a long, {{convert|11.2|g|gr|adj = on}} round-nose, full-metal-jacketed bullet with a muzzle velocity of about {{convert|700|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}} with {{convert|2744|J|ft.lbf|abbr=on|0}} muzzle energy from a {{convert|740|mm|in|1|abbr=on|adj = on}} barreled rifle.<ref name="wilson" /> For the late 19th century, these ballistics were impressive, and the loading provided a fairly flat trajectory combined with excellent penetration. At the same time, it exhibited relatively modest [[free recoil]]. That was a combination of attributes that made it popular with both soldiers and sportsmen alike.

The qualities of the 7×57mm as a military round were shown in the [[Spanish–American War]] of 1898. At the commencement of the American assault on the strategic Cuban city of [[Santiago de Cuba|Santiago]], 750 Spanish troops defended positions on San Juan and Kettle hills. The attacking force numbered approximately 6,600 American soldiers, most of them armed with new smokeless-powder [[Krag–Jørgensen]] rifles in [[.30-40 Krag]] caliber,<ref>[[Springfield Model 1892–99]]</ref> and supported by artillery and [[Gatling gun]] fire. Though the assault was successful, the Americans suffered more than 1,400 casualties, nearly 20 per cent of their forces. A U.S. board of investigation later concluded that the casualties were primarily due to the superior firepower of the [[Mauser#Spanish M93|Spanish Model 1893 Mauser]] rifles.{{citation needed|reason=real world ballistics are not that different – this smacks of political blame shifting|date=December 2010}}

During the [[Second Boer War]] in South Africa, British authorities were obliged to re-evaluate rifle and ammunition design and tactics after facing Boer [[sharpshooter]]s and [[sniper]]s armed with Mauser Model 1893 rifles and [[Mauser Model 1895]] rifles firing 7×57mm rounds with withering effectiveness, easily outranging the [[.303 British]] cartridge as regarding accurate long-range fire.<ref>[http://www.rifleshootermag.com/featured_rifles/plezier_071907/ Mauser Model 95 / Plezier Mauser 7×57mm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307002808/http://www.rifleshootermag.com/featured_rifles/plezier_071907/ |date=2010-03-07}}</ref> The .303 British cartridge at that time was still using [[cordite]] propellant, in contrast to the Mauser's higher-performance [[ballistite]] type [[smokeless powder]].<ref name="Cushman">{{cite web |url=http://www.dave-cushman.net/shot/303hist.html |title=History of the .303 British Calibre Service Ammunition Round |last=Cushman |first=David}}</ref>

== Military ammunition ==
The oldest 1893 pattern military ball ammunition was loaded with an {{convert|11.2|g|gr|1|adj = on}} long round-nosed [[bullet]] fired at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|670|m/s|ft/s|0|abbr=on}} with {{convert|2514|J|ft.lbf|abbr=on|0}} muzzle energy from a {{convert|589|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} long barrel. It had a maximum range of {{convert|3250|m|yd|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="nazarian.no">[http://www.nazarian.no/images/wep/24_FN98.pdf FN Mauser Model 98 Rifle and Carbine Operator's Manual page 28] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510120527/http://www.nazarian.no/images/wep/24_FN98.pdf |date=May 10, 2012}}</ref> In 1893 this ballistic performance made it the high-performance service cartridge champion of its day when compared to other 1893 pattern smokeless-powder cartridges such as the [[8mm Lebel]], [[.303 British]], and [[8×50mmR Mannlicher]].

In 1913, following the lead of French and German Army commands in developing the ''spitzer'' or pointed-tip bullet shape, the Spanish ordnance authorities issued a redesigned 7×57mm cartridge with a [[spitzer bullet]] (''7&nbsp;mm Cartucho para Mauser Tipo S'').<ref>[http://www.shootingtimes.com/2010/09/23/longgun_reviews_st_spanmodelo1892mr_200812/ The Spanish Modelo 1893 Mauser Rifle by Paul Scarlata • Shooting Times • September 23, 2010]</ref> It was loaded with a {{convert|9|g|gr|1|adj = on}} spitzer bullet fired at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|850|m/s|ft/s|0|abbr=on}} with {{convert|3251|J|ft.lbf|abbr=on|0}} muzzle energy from a {{convert|589|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} long barrel. It had a maximum range of {{convert|3700|m|yd|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="nazarian.no" /> The new spitzer bullet style was partially responsible for the cartridge's improved performance as it significantly reduced [[air drag]] within normal combat ranges and withstood higher accelerations in the barrel. Reverse engineering the trajectory from the previous sentence indicates a [[ballistic coefficient]] (G1 BC) of approximately 0.33.

After that, military ball ammunition loaded with a {{convert|10.5|g|gr|1|adj = on}} spitzer bullet fired at a muzzle velocity of {{convert|750|m/s|ft/s|0|abbr=on}} with {{convert|2953|J|ft.lbf|abbr=on|0}} muzzle energy from a {{convert|589|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} long barrel became available. Besides a pointed nose, this projectile also had a boat tail to reduce drag. It had a maximum range of {{convert|5000|m|yd|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="nazarian.no" /> Reverse engineering the trajectory from the previous sentence indicates a [[ballistic coefficient]] (G1 BC) of approximately 0.54.

== Military users ==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

At one time, the 7×57mm Mauser cartridge saw widespread military use. It was used by:
*{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}:User [[Steyr Model 1912 Mauser|Repetiergewehr M.14.]] in WWI
*{{flag|Bolivia}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Rifles of the World|last=Walter|first=John|publisher=Krause Publications|year=2006|isbn=0-89689-241-7|pages=307–310}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Mauser Military Rifles of the World|last=Robert|first=Ball|publisher=Gun Digest Books|year=2011|isbn=978-1-4402-1544-5|pages=73–76,255}}</ref>
*{{flag|Brazil}}<ref>{{cite web| title= Brazil Page |author=RK Smith~Dan Reynolds~Cliff Carlisle| url=http://www.carbinesforcollectors.com/brazilpage.html| access-date= 18 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title= BRAZILIAN MAUSER MODEL 1894 RIFLE |author=(unknown| url=https://www.angelfire.com/vt/milsurp/brz94.html| access-date= 18 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title= MAUSER – Swedish M1894 rifle |url=https://www.angelfire.com/vt/milsurp/brz94.html| access-date= 18 November 2017}}</ref>
*{{flag|Chile}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.shootingtimes.com/long-guns/longgun_reviews_st_boermodel_201007/|title=The Model 1893/95 "Boer Model" Mauser|website=Shooting Times|date=23 September 2010|language=en-US|access-date=2016-03-18}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://kieranmcmullen.com/2012/10/07/weapons-of-the-second-boer-war/|title=Weapons of the Second Boer War|last=Kieran|website=Kieran McMullen|date=7 October 2012|access-date=2016-03-18}}</ref>
*{{flag|China|1889}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" />
*{{flag|Costa Rica|1848}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
*{{flag|Cuba}}{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}
*{{flag|Colombia}}
*{{Flagicon image|Flag of El Salvador (1875–1912).svg}} [[El Salvador]]<ref name=":0" />
*{{flag|Honduras}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
*{{Flagicon image|Early 20th Century Qajar Flag.svg}} [[Iran]]<ref name=":0" />
*{{flag|Mexico|1893}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" />
*{{flag|Orange Free State}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Bolt Action Rifles|last1=Haas|first1=Frank De|last2=Zwoll|first2=Wayne|publisher=Krause Publications|year=2003|isbn=0-87349-660-4|pages=134–141}}</ref><ref name=":4" />
*{{flag|Paraguay|1842}}<ref name=":0" />
*{{flag|First Philippine Republic}}{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}
*{{flag|Kingdom of Serbia}}<ref>{{cite web| title= Serbian Mauser Rifle M1899 Captured by Austro-Hungary |author=Manowar| url=http://www.hungariae.com/Maus99.htm| access-date= 25 February 2015}}</ref>
*{{flag|Spain|1785–1873 and 1875–1931}}{{sfn|Sams|1898}}
*{{flag|South African Republic}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
*{{flag|United Kingdom}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/britmilammo/7mm-mauser|title = British Military Small Arms Ammo – 7&nbsp;mm Mauser}}</ref>
*{{flag|Uruguay}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" />
*{{flag|Venezuela}}<ref>[http://www.cruffler.com/historic-october99.html FN Model 1949]</ref>

=== Chambered weapons ===
*[[Mauser Model 1893]]
*[[Mauser Model 1895]] and [[Mauser Model 1895#Serbian M1899|Mauser Model 1899]]
*[[Mauser Model 1907]]
*[[Mauser Model 1908]]
*[[Mauser Standardmodell]] 
*[[vz. 24]] 
*Mendoza 1911 machine gun<ref>El Diario, Chihuahua Chih / Domingo 7 De Diciembre 2008, 4A Especial Rafael Menoza Blanco ''El inventor famoso rifle Mendoza y creador tambien de varios tipos de ametralladora que utilizo el ejercito de los Estados Unidos, nacio en Santo Tomas, Guerro''</ref>
*[[Mondragón rifle]] 
*[[FN Model 1924 and Model 1930|FN Mauser M1930]] 
*[[Remington Rolling Block]] 
*Venezuelan [[FN Model 1949]]
*[[M1895 Colt–Browning machine gun]]
*[[Hotchkiss machine gun|Hotchkiss Model 1922 machine gun]] 
*[[Madsen machine gun]] 
*[[SIG KE7]]
*[[FN Model D]]
*[[M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle#Export models|Colt R75 Browning Automatic Rifle model 1925]] 
*[[M1941 Johnson rifle|M1941 Johnson]]
*[[FA Trapote m/33]]
*[[Type 3 heavy machine gun]]
*[[ZB vz.26]]

== Use as a parent case ==
[[6.5×57mm Mauser]] was created by Paul Mauser himself by necking down the 7×57mm already in 1890s. [[5.6×57mm]] was created by RWS in 1960s in a similar way. Both cartridges also have rimmed variants for break-action hunting rifles, 6.5×57mmR and 5.6×57mmR respectively.

The [[.257 Roberts]] uses the 7×57mm Mauser as its parent cartridge. The [[6mm Remington]] is also based on the 7×57mm Mauser cartridge.

The 7×57mm Mauser was also the parent case of the 6×57mm Mauser developed in 1895.<ref>Cartridges of the World by third edition by Frank C. Barnes</ref>

== Wildcats ==
The 7×57mm Mauser is also used as the parent case for a host of modified variants that are not officially registered with or sanctioned by C.I.P. or its American equivalent, [[SAAMI]]. These cartridges are known as [[wildcat cartridge]]s.
The US wildcat cartridge developer [[P.O. Ackley]] developed several 7×57mm Mauser based wildcat cartridges.<ref>[http://www.gundigest.com/wp-content/uploads/GunDigestPOAckley.pdf P.O. Ackley's wildcats]</ref><br />
The 7×57mm Mauser Ackley Improved is an alternate version of the 7×57mm Mauser cartridge with 40 degree shoulder. This wildcat was designed to be easily made by rechambering existing firearms, and [[fire forming]] the ammunition to decrease body taper and increase shoulder angle, resulting in a higher case capacity with the trade-off of a smaller bullet. Reloading dies for this wildcat chambering are readily available.<br />
The .228 Ackley Magnum is also based on the 7×57mm Mauser cartridge but is also necked down to .228 caliber (5.79&nbsp;mm). Bullets in this caliber are hard to find but provide greater weight than .223 caliber bullets, up to 100 grains (6.5 g), without excessively quick twist rate.<br />
The .257 Roberts Ackley Improved is a second generation wildcat cartridge based on the .257 Roberts cartridge.

== See also ==
{{Commons}}
*[[List of rifle cartridges]]
*[[Table of handgun and rifle cartridges]]
*[[7 mm caliber]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|last1=De Haas|first1=Frank|last2=Zwoll|first2=Wayne|title=Bolt Action Rifles|year=2003|publisher=Krause Publications|location=Iola|isbn=978-0-87349-660-5|ref={{sfnRef|De Haas & Zwoll}}}}
* {{cite news | last = Sams | first = Stanhope | title = The Krag-Jorgensen Gun: It Is Inferior In Many Respects To The Mauser Used By The Spaniards | date = August 1, 1898 | work = [[The New York Times]]  | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1898/08/16/102076017.pdf | access-date = May 8, 2012 }}
* C.I.P. decisions, texts and tables ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090620230409/http://www.cip-bp.org/index.php?id=tdcc-telechargement free current C.I.P. CD-ROM version download (ZIP and RAR format)])
{{Refend}}
{{Mauser Firearms}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:7by57mm Mauser}}
[[Category:7×57mm Mauser firearms| ]]
[[Category:Pistol and rifle cartridges]]
[[Category:Military cartridges]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1893]]