View source for 6th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)

{{Short description|Division of the Red Army}}
{{Rough translation|ru|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name                     = 6th Rifle Division
| dates                         = {{plainlist|1918–1939 (1st formation)<br/>1939–1945 (2nd formation)<br/>1955–1957 (3rd formation)}}
| country                       = {{flag|Soviet Union}}
| branch                        = [[Soviet Army]]
| type                          = Infantry
| battles                       = 
{{tree list}}
* [[Russian Civil War]]
** [[Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919|Soviet Westward Offensive]]
* [[Estonian War of Independence]]
* [[Polish-Soviet War]]
** [[Battle of Warsaw (1920)|Battle of Warsaw]]
* [[World War II]]
** [[Soviet invasion of Poland|Invasion of Poland]]
** [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]
*** [[Operation Barbarossa]]
*** [[Battle of Voronezh (1942)|First Battle of Voronezh]]
*** [[Third Battle of Kharkov]]
*** [[Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy]]
*** [[Uman–Botoșani Offensive]]
*** [[Battle of Debrecen]]
*** [[Bratislava-Brno Offensive]]
** [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria|Invasion of Manchuria]]
{{tree list/end}}
| decorations                   = {{plainlist|
*{{OrderRedBanner}} (2) (1st formation)
*{{OrderSuvorov2ndClass}}, 2nd class {{nowrap|(1st formation)}}
}}
| battle_honours                = Orel (1st formation)
| notable_commanders            = [[Dmitri Parsky]]
}}

The '''6th Rifle Division''' was an [[infantry]] division of the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Union]]'s [[Red Army]]. Formed multiple times, it participated in several battles, most notably the [[Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919]], the [[Estonian War of Independence]] and the [[Polish–Soviet War]].The division's first formation was awarded the [[Order of the Red Banner]] twice and the [[Order of Suvorov]] 2nd class for its valor in combat. In November 1945, the division was disbanded. It was briefly reformed in 1955 but disbanded again in 1957.<ref>{{cite journal|title= Original Russian text of article source.|url=http://samsv.narod.ru/Div/Sd/sd006/default.html}}</ref>

== First formation ==

=== 1918 ===
The division was first formed on May 23, 1918, in [[Gdov]]. It was made up of volunteers from Petrograd, soldiers of [[Pavel Dybenko]]'s volunteer detachment, [[Red Guards (Russia)|Red Guards]] from the regular Army, and workers from [[Narva]] and Gdov. Its official designation upon activation was the '''[[Gatchina]] Infantry Division'''. From May to November 1918, the division was deployed in the vicinity of [[Ivangorod]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} On 31 May 1918, it became the '''3rd Petrograd Infantry Division'''.

From November 1918 to January 1919, the division took part in the Red Army's invasion of the [[Baltic states]] and [[Belarus]]. On 28 November 1918, the division occupied the city of Narva and further advanced to the [[Jägala (river)|Jägala river]], reaching it in December 1918.

=== 1919 ===
In autumn 1919, the rifle division defeated the Estonian [[1st Division (Estonia)|1st Division]]'s [[Krasnaya Gorka fort|Krasnaya Gorka]] Offensive.<ref name="maide">Jaan Maide (1933) [www.ksk.edu.ee/file.php?ID=1208 Ülevaade Eesti vabadussõjast] [[Kaitseliit]] publishers, Tartu</ref> In October 1919, the division went on the offensive and captured [[Krasnoye Selo]]. In November 1919 the division attacked Narva with the [[Red Army]], starting the [[Estonian War of Independence]]. This was part of the [[Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919|Soviet westward offensive]], a campaign to conquer the Baltic states and Belarus. The unit was redesignated twice during this campaign.

The 6th Rifle Division then saw action in the campaign to conquer the city of Narva. The operation lasted from November through December 1919. The Estonian 1st Division and the [[White movement|White Russian]] [[Northwestern Army (Russia)|Northwestern Army]] were pushed beyond the [[Bolshevik Russia|Soviet-]]Estonian border.

=== 1920 ===
The division protected the Soviet-Estonian border from January to May 1920.

In May and June the division was called to participate in the offensive against [[Poland]]. By July and August the fighting was intensifying in the [[Dokshytsy District|Dokshytsy district]]. By September, the offensive was deep into Poland around the [[Warsaw]] region. The battle had now moved to areas around [[Grodno]]. On 22 July 1920, the division took part in the crossing of the [[Neman]] during the First [[Battle of the Niemen River]]. The division pushed back the Polish-led [[1st Lithuanian–Belarusian Division]] in the vicinity of [[Masty, Belarus|Masty]]. Although ultimately stopped by the Polish 81st ''Grodno Rifles'' Infantry Regiment, the division forced the Polish troops to retreat and abandon their lines.<ref name="Łukomski">{{in lang|pl}} Grzegorz Łukomski, Bogusław Polak, Mieczysław Wrzosek, ''Wojna polsko-bolszewicka 1919-1920'', Koszalin 1990.</ref>

Following the Polish summer retreat towards the [[Vistula]], the division pursued the Polish forces. On 9 August it captured [[Wyszków, Wyszków County|Wyszków]] and then advanced north of Bug, Narew and Vistula towards [[Łomża]]. The town fell to the Soviets, but a successful counter-attack on Łomża carried out by Polish 59th ''Greater Polish'' Infantry Regiment recaptured the town. The Soviet division lost many of their [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]]. Following the [[Battle of Warsaw (1920)|Battle of Warsaw]], the 6th Rifle Division was defeated. Recreated as part of the Soviet defenses along the Niemen river, it took part in the Second [[Battle of the Niemen River]]. Defeated east of [[Vileyka]] by [[Polish cavalry]], it was surrounded and eliminated. The Poles captured its headquarters, [[Tabor (formation)|tabor]], 13 [[field kitchen]]s and the remaining two pieces of artillery, as well as all commanding officers of the division's regiments.<ref name="Łukomski" />

The unit was later re-created behind the front. On 6 December 1921, it received the honorific "Orel". The division was awarded the [[Order of the Red Banner]] for its actions.

== Second formation ==
In 1939 each regiment of the division was expanded to form a new division, resulting in the creation of the new 6th, 122nd and [[180th Rifle Division]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Приложения 1 к Директивам НКО №№ 4/2/48601-4/2/48611 |url=http://rkka.ru/handbook/doc/pril-150839.htm |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=rkka.ru}}</ref>

=== 1939 ===
The Second Formation of the 6th Rifle Division, probably formed from the 16th Rifle Regiment of the original division, took part in the [[Soviet invasion of Poland (1939)|Soviet invasion of Poland]] in September 1939. On 17 September it was a part of [[11th Rifle Corps]] of [[10th Army (Soviet Union)|10th Army]] of the Belarus front. On 2 October, it was a part of [[24th Rifle Corps]] of [[4th Army (Soviet Union)|4th Army]] of the Belarus Front.

After the end of the Soviet invasion of Poland in October 1939 the division became part of the Belorussian Special Military District's [[6th Rifle Corps]] in the [[4th Army (Soviet Union)|4th Army]]. Almost the entire division (except for its howitzer regiment) was deployed within the [[Brest Fortress]] in the Western Special Military District.

=== 1941 ===
On the night of 14 June 1941, the division was put on combat alert. The division comprised the 84th, 125th, and 333rd Rifle Regiments, the 131st Artillery Regiment, and the 204th Howitzer Artillery Regiment. It began operations against the Germans with 13,700 personnel.<ref>(Simonov. 100 days  of war. Smolensk, "Rusich", 1999, p.348 (document provided)) via Lenskii, 2001.</ref> However, Glantz writing in ''Colossus Reborn'' in 2005, says division strength on 22 June 1941, was 11,592.<ref>Colossus Reborn, 2005, 201.</ref>

The German attack, [[Operation Barbarossa]], was launched on 22 June 1941. At that time many natives from [[Voronezh Oblast]] (from a draft in 1940 and spring 1941) served in the division's units. The division went into action as early as 4AM against German attacks and suffered heavy losses. The division was split into several groups by German attacks and retreated to the east. By the end of 22 June, division headquarters was in the Hvedkovichi area. A second group, composed of the 125th Rifle Regiment and 111th Sapper Battalion was north of [[Zhabinka]]. A third group composed of the 84th Rifle Regiment and 204th Howitzer Artillery Regiment was fighting in the Radvanichi area. The remainder of the division could not retreat from Brest fortress and was destroyed during the [[Defense of Brest Fortress|defense]] of the fortress, which later became a symbol of Soviet resistance.

On 23 June, the division retreated to [[Kobryn]]. Attacks by the German [[3rd Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)|3rd Panzer Division]] cut the division into two groups during the day. The 204th Howitzer Regiment and other units led by the commander and chief of staff of the division retreated along the [[Pinsk]] road. Elements of the divisional staff, remnants of the artillery, rear units and remnants of the 84th and 333rd Rifle Regiments retreated northeast along the Warsaw highway under command of the division [[Political commissar|commissar]]. By the end of the day, the main forces of the division were on the east bank of the [[Yaselda]] River north and south of [[Byaroza]]. On June 24, German bombers raided the division on the Yaselda and resumed the attack under a heavy artillery barrage. For 6 hours, the division held the line against German tanks south of [[Bronna Góra|Bronnaya Gora]].

On 25 June, the division continued to hold the line. After suffering heavy losses, the remnants of the division became part of a combined unit under command of General Popov. They retreated behind the [[Ptsich]] River and moved to [[Babruysk]] in the afternoon. The division defending the eastern bank of the [[Berezina]] River outside of the city. It demolished the bridge across the Berezina.

German troops of the [[XXIV Army Corps (Wehrmacht)|XXIV Motorized Corps]] went on the offensive following mass aerial bombardments on 1 August. The attacks struck the defensive positions held by the 148th Rifle Division north of [[Krychaw]]. The [[4th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)|4th Panzer Division]] advanced along the Krichev-Roslavl highway and units of the [[XLVI Panzer Corps]] advanced from [[Mstsislaw]]. The 6th Rifle Division was deployed on the [[13th Army (Soviet Union)|13th Army]]'s right flank and its 84th Rifle Regiment was cut off from the division's main forces. To restore the situation, a battalion from Leningrad was subordinated to the division and attempted to open a corridor to assist the 84th Regiment's breakout.

The Communist Battalion of Leningrad Volunteers was allocated to the division, supplied help to the surrounded regiment. Fighters under command of item of the lieutenant and Pryanishnikov's had rushed to resolute attack and on shoulders of fascists had rushed in Ганновку (to the north Милославичей), and destroyed up to a battalion of the opponent and captured a staff of a battalion. On the night of 4 August the division had broken from enemy rear and regained the main Soviet defence line.

In the fierce fights for settlements Zamoste, Гута-Сенска the division rendered sensitive losses to parts of the German [[258th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|258th Infantry Division]]. The Germans left on the battlefield a hundred corpses, 30 motor vehicles, 45 motorcycles and large numbers of weapons.

==== September ====
As of 1 September 1941, the division was a part of 45th Rifle Corps of the [[Bryansk Front]]'s [[13th Army (Soviet Union)|13th Army]].

On the night of 2 September 1941, the 29th Motorized Division of 47th Motorized Corps forced Desna at the railway bridge to the south from White Berezki (Березки) and has grasped jumping-off place north of the west stations Znob. [[13th Army (Soviet Union)|13th Army]] headquarters took urgent measures to not allow expansion of the German jumping-off place. Fight was entered with 50th tank and both 307th and 6th shooting divisions.

==== October ====
As of 1 October 1941, was a part of [[13th Army (Soviet Union)|13th Army]] of the [[Bryansk Front]]. On 30 September and on 1 October, the division defended earlier taken positions. On 2 October, one of the division's regiments continued to defend a boundary from a mouth of the river Znobovka up to (the claim.) area Krenidovka, other parts in movement in area Suzemka with the task of mastering by it. The division took part in defensive fights near Bryansk, the Eagle and Kursk. The division was in the end of the first year of war among those formations which stopped the Germans on a boundary of the river Tima. At the city of [[Shchigry, Kursk Oblast|Shchigry]] it strongly held positions during half a year.

=== 1942 ===
In the end of June 1942, the division has appeared on a direction of the main impact of the German forces who have started the approach aside of [[Voronezh]]. For eight days of fighting, from 28 June until 6 July, the division destroyed 53 tanks, 64 motor vehicles, 4 planes, plus a lot of other enemy equipment, and many soldiers and officers.<ref>[[Central Archive of the Russian Ministry of Defence]] (ЦАМО the USSR), ф. 203, оп. 2848, л. 27/</ref> During this week parts of a division have strongly thinned also. However they have kept forces that right after deviation for Don, without rest and replenishment, to take defensive positions on the left-bank part of Voronezh and to repulse the pressed enemy.

And hardly the Germans have been stopped in a right-bank part of city as 6th division has successfully lead individual offensive operation and has begun jumping-off place Chizhovskomu.

After the battle in Voronezh, the division took part in the occupation of Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. In August 1945, the division distinguished itself in [[Soviet invasion of Manchuria]], fighting as part of the 53rd Army of the [[Transbaikal Front]]. The division has received for services in battle (September 1945) the honorific "Хинганская (Khiganskaya)" and was awarded another [[Order of the Red Banner]] and an [[Order of Suvorov]]. After the war it was briefly made part of the [[5th Red Banner Army]] before being disbanded with the 57th Rifle Corps in autumn 1945.<ref>Feskov et al 2013, p. 565</ref> The division's history is commemorated at the museum of Boarding School No.4 on Leninsky Prospekt in Voronezh.

==Third formation==
The division was formed from the 90th Separate Rifle Brigade on 7 April 1948 with [[4th Army (Soviet Union)|4th Army]] at [[Lankaran]].<ref>Feskov et al 2013, p. 149</ref> The 90th Separate Rifle Brigade had been formed in April 1943 as part of the Soviet troops in Iran.<ref>[[Combat composition of the Soviet Army]], 1 April 1943 - The 90th Separate Rifle Brigade is not shown in the BSSA for March 1943</ref> It was reorganized as the 60th Motor Rifle Division on 25 June 1957.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ww2.dk/new/army/msd/60msd.htm|title=60th Motorised Rifle Division|last=Holm|first=Michael|website=www.ww2.dk|access-date=2016-03-05}}</ref>

==Commanders==
* [[Dmitri Parsky]]: (25/05/1918 — 27/05/1918)
* Ivanov N. (27/05/1918 — 14/04/1919)
* Boris Freiman (14/04/1919 — 24/05/1919)
* [[Pyotr Solodukhin]]: (24/05/1919 — 22/08/1919)
* interim Nikolay Rozanov (22/08/1919 — 03/09/1919)
* interim Larichkin (03/09/1919 — 05/10/1919)
* interim [[Vladimir Lyubimov]] (05/10/1919 — 13/11/1919)
* interim A.Kuznetsov (13/11/1919 — 24/11/1919)
* Alexey Storozhenko (24/11/1919 — 24/11/1920)
* interim Ivan Shirokiy (24/11/1920 — 05/01/1921)
* Alexey Storozhenko (05/01/1921 — 07/1923)
* [[Ivan Smolin]] (07/1923 — 06/1924)
* [[Pyotr Bryanskikh]] (1924–1927)
* [[Leonid Petrovsky]] (11/1928 — 12/1930)
* [[Vladimir Kachalov]] (01/1931 — 05/1936)
* Ivan Shafransky (05/1936 — 05/1937)
* Nikolay Zolotukhin (08/09/1937 — 14/03/1941)
* Mikhail Popsuy-Shapko (14/03/1941 — 29/07/1941)
* [[Fyodor Ostashenko]] (30/07/1941 — 13/08/1941)
* Mikhail Grishin (14/08/1941 — 30/11/1942)
* Jacob Steiman (01/12/1942 — 09/02/1943)
* Leonid Goryashin (10/02/1943 — 30/06/1943)
* Kondraty Bilyutin (02/07/1943 — 16/08/1943)
* Efstafiy Grechany (17/08/1943 — 08/11/1943)

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{Cite book|script-title=ru:Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской|last=Feskov|first=V.I.|last2=Golikov|first2=V.I.|last3=Kalashnikov|first3=K.A.|last4=Slugin|first4=S.A.|publisher=Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing|year=2013|isbn=9785895035306|location=Tomsk|language=Russian|trans-title=The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces}}

==Sources==
*http://samsv.narod.ru/Div/Sd/sd006/default.html
{{Soviet divisions of the Russian Civil War}}
{{Soviet Union divisions before 1945}}
{{Soviet Union divisions 1945-1957}}

[[Category:Infantry divisions of the Soviet Union in World War II|006]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1918]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1957]]
[[Category:1918 establishments in Russia]]
[[Category:Wikipedia articles needing cleanup after translation from Russian]]
[[Category:Military units and formations awarded the Order of the Red Banner]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of the Soviet invasion of Poland]]