View source for 61 Virginis

{{Short description|Star in the constellation Virgo}}
{{Starbox begin}}
{{Starbox image
 | image=
{{Location mark
|image=Corvus constellation map.svg|alt=|float=center|width=280
|label=|position=right
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=10|mark_link=61 Virginis
|x=140|y=356
}}
|caption=Location of 61 Virginis (circled)
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch=J2000
| ra={{RA|13|18|24.31399}}<ref name=GaiaDR3/>
| dec={{DEC|−18|18|40.2977}}<ref name=GaiaDR3/>
| appmag_v=4.74<ref name=ubv/>
| constell=[[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
}}
{{Starbox character
| type = [[main sequence]]<ref name=GaiaDR3/>
| class=G7V<ref name=aj126_4_2048/>
| appmag_1_passband = B
| appmag_1=5.45
| appmag_2_passband = J
| appmag_2=3.334
| appmag_3_passband = H
| appmag_3=2.974
| appmag_4_passband = K
| appmag_4=2.956
| r-i=0.33
| v-r=0.37
| b-v=0.71
| u-b=0.26
| variable=
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v={{val|-7.86|0.13}}<ref name=GaiaDR3/>
| prop_mo_ra=−1,070.202
| prop_mo_dec=−1,063.849
| pm_footnote=<ref name=GaiaDR3/>
| parallax=117.1726
| p_error=0.1456
| parallax_footnote=<ref name=GaiaDR3/>
| absmag_v=5.07<ref name=Holmberg2009/>
}}
{{Starbox detail
| mass = {{Val|0.93|0.01}}<ref name=Rathsam2023/>
| radius = {{val|0.9867|0.0048}}<ref name="von Braun2014"/>
| gravity = {{Val|4.390|0.012}}<ref name=Rathsam2023/>
| luminosity = {{val|0.8222|0.0033}}<ref name="von Braun2014"/>
| temperature = {{val|5568|4|fmt=commas}}<ref name=Rathsam2023/>
| metal_fe = {{Val|+0.006|0.004}}<ref name=Rathsam2023/>
| rotation = {{val|32.1|0.2|ul=d}}<ref name="Yu2024"/>
| rotational_velocity = {{val|3.9|0.9}}<ref name="AAA542_A116"/>
| age_gyr = {{Val|7.70|0.28|0.26}}<ref name=Rathsam2023/>
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names=[[Bonner Durchmusterung|BD]]−17°3813, [[Fifth Fundamental Catalogue|FK5]] 1345, [[General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes|GCTP]] 3039.00, [[Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars|GJ]] 506, [[Henry Draper catalogue|HD]] 115617, [[Hipparcos catalogue|HIP]] 64924, [[Harvard Revised catalogue|HR]] 5019, [[Luyten Half-Second catalogue|LHS]] 349, [[Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue|LTT]] 5111, [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog|SAO]] 157844
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad=61+Vir
| NSTED=61Vir
| ARICNS=01034
}}
{{Starbox end
}}
'''61 Virginis''' (abbreviated '''61 Vir''') is a [[G-type main-sequence star]] (G7V) slightly less massive than the [[Sun]] (which has a hotter G2V spectral type), located {{convert|27.8|ly|pc|lk=on|abbr=off}} away in the [[constellation]] of [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]. The composition of this star is nearly identical to the Sun.

==Description==
[[File:61 Vir as seen with a 12.5" telescope with a field of view of 45.1 arcminutes.jpg|thumb|left|61 Vir as seen with a 12.5" telescope with a [[Field of view#Astronomy|field of view]] of 45.1 arcminutes]]
61 Virginis is a fifth-[[Apparent magnitude|magnitude]] [[G-type main-sequence star]] with a [[stellar classification]] of G7&nbsp;V.<ref name=aj126_4_2048/> It is faint but visible to the naked eye in the [[zodiac]] [[constellation]] of [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]], close to [[Spica]], the brightest star in the constellation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=61 Virginis - Star in Virgo {{!}} TheSkyLive.com |url=https://theskylive.com/sky/stars/61-virginis-star |access-date=2025-02-23 |website=theskylive.com}}</ref> The designation 61 Virginis originated in the star catalogue of English astronomer [[John Flamsteed]], as part of his ''Historia Coelestis Britannica''. An 1835 account of Flamsteed's work by English astronomer [[Francis Baily]] noted that the star showed a [[proper motion]].<ref name="Baily1835"/> This made the star of interest for parallax studies, and by 1950 a mean annual value of 0.006″ was obtained, resulting in a distance of {{cvt|170|pc|ly|abbr=off|lk=in}}.<ref name="MNRAS110_405"/>{{efn|The distance in parsecs is obtained by inverting the parallax in arcseconds. For parallaxes in milliarcseconds, the value must be divided by 1000.}} The present day result, obtained with data from the [[Gaia (spacecraft)|Gaia]] satellite, gives a parallax of 117.17&nbsp;[[milliarcsecond|mas]] (0.117"),<ref name=aaa474_2_653/> which corresponds to a distance of {{cvt|8.534|pc|ly|abbr=off}}.

This star is similar in physical properties to the Sun, with around 93% of the [[solar mass|Sun's mass]],<ref name=Rathsam2023/> 99% of the [[solar radius|radius]], and 82% of the [[solar luminosity|luminosity]].<ref name="von Braun2014"/> The abundance of elements is also similar to the Sun, with the star having 101% of the Sun's proportion of iron to hydrogen.<ref name=Rathsam2023/> It is older than the Sun, around 7.7 billion years old,<ref name=Rathsam2023/> and is spinning with a leisurely [[projected rotational velocity]] of 4&nbsp;km/s at the equator.<ref name="AAA542_A116"/> On average, there is only a low level of activity in the stellar [[chromosphere]]<ref name="aaa191" /> and it is a candidate for being in a [[Maunder minimum]] state,<ref name="MPB32_2_27"/> but it was suspected as variable in 1988,<ref name=Campbell/> and a burst of activity was observed between [[Julian day]]s [24]54800 (29 November 2008) and 55220 (23 January 2010).<ref name=debris/>

The [[Space velocity (astronomy)|space velocity]] components of this star are U = –37.9, V = –35.3 and W = –24.7&nbsp;km/s. 61 Vir is orbiting through the [[Milky Way]] galaxy at a distance of 6.9 kpc from the core, with an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.15. It is believed to be a member of the [[disk star|disk population]].<ref name="ab6"/><ref name="apj687" />

==Planetary system==
[[File:61VirginisSystem.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.5|Diagram of the 61 Virginis system]]
On 14 December 2009, scientists announced the discovery of three [[exoplanet]]s with [[minimum mass]]es between 5 and 25 times that of Earth orbiting 61 Virginis, using the [[Doppler spectroscopy|radial velocity method]] at the Keck and Anglo-Australian Observatories.<ref name="disco-vogt">{{cite journal |last=Vogt |first=Steven |arxiv=0912.2599 |title=A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis |year=2010  |author2=Wittenmyer |author3=Paul Butler |author4=Simon O'Toole |author5=Henry |author6=Rivera |author7=Stefano Meschiari |author8=Gregory Laughlin |author9=Tinney |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/708/2/1366 |volume=708 |issue=2 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |pages=1366–1375 |bibcode=2010ApJ...708.1366V|s2cid=1979253 }}</ref><ref name="ucsc-news">{{cite web|url=http://www.ucsc.edu/news_events/text.asp?pid=3439 |title=New planet discoveries suggest low-mass planets are common around nearby stars |author=Tim Stephens |date=2009-12-14 |work=UCSC News |publisher=UC Santa Cruz |access-date=2009-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223184326/http://www.ucsc.edu/news_events/text.asp?pid=3439 |archive-date=23 December 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The three planets all orbit very near the star; when compared to the orbits of the planets in the Solar System, all three would orbit inside that of [[Venus]]. The two outer planets likely resemble Uranus and Neptune, while the innermost planet may be a [[mini-Neptune]] or a rocky super-Earth.

The outermost of these three planets, 61 Virginis d (also designated HD 115617 d), was initially not detected in the [[HARPS]] data as of 2012 until a reanalysis of the data was done in 2023.<ref name=Cretignier2023/> A 2021 study listed it as a false positive,<ref name=Rosenthal2021/>{{rp|75}} but in 2023 two published studies further confirmed it based on an additional 10 years of radial velocity data, though with a smaller minimum mass.<ref name="Laliotis2023"/>{{rp|23}}<ref name="Cretignier2023"/>{{rp|13}}

Assuming the planets are aligned with the disk around the star, 61 Virginis b, c and d should have masses of {{Earth mass|sym=y|6.3, 19.8 and 12.6|link=y}}.<ref name="Bisht2024"/>{{efn|Calculated from Msini/sin(i). The source's claimed disk-aligned mass of {{Jupiter mass|0.197}} for planet b is a typo of {{Jupiter mass|0.0197}}.}}

===Debris disk===
The ecliptic of the 61 Virginis system, as inferred from its dust disc, is inclined to the Solar System at 77°. The star itself is probably inclined at 72°.<ref name=debris/>

A survey with the [[Spitzer Space Telescope]] revealed an [[infrared excess|excess of infrared radiation]] at a wavelength of 160 μm. This indicated the presence of a [[debris disk]] in orbit around the star. This disk was resolved at 70 μm. It was then thought to correspond to an inner radius of 96 [[Astronomical Unit|AU]] from the star and outer radius at 195 AU; it is now constrained 30 to over 100 AU.<ref name="debris"/> The total mass of the disk is {{nowrap|5 × 10<sup>−5</sup>}} the mass of the Earth.<ref name=debris/><ref>{{cite journal | author=Tanner, Angelle | title=Survey of Nearby FGK Stars at 160 μm with Spitzer | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=704 | issue=1 | pages=109–116 |date=October 2009 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/704/1/109 | bibcode= 2009ApJ...704..109T|arxiv = 0908.0049 | s2cid=108609 |display-authors=etal}}</ref>

On 27 November 2012, the European Space Agency declared that the debris disc (like that of the [[Gliese 581]] planetary system) has "at least 10 times" as many comets as does the Solar System's [[Kuiper belt]].<ref name=Herschel/>

===Limits on additional planets===
In 1988, a study surmised that 61 Virginis was a "possible variable", but no companions were then found.<ref name=Campbell/> A subsequent study, over eleven years, also failed to find any companion up to the mass of Jupiter and out to 3 AU.<ref>{{Cite journal | bibcode=1999ApJ...526..890C| author= Cumming, Andrew| author2= Marcy, Geoffrey W.| author3= Butler, R. Paul | journal=Astrophysical Journal| volume=526| issue=2| pages=890–915| title=The Lick Planet Search: Detectability and Mass Thresholds| date=1999| arxiv = astro-ph/9906466 |doi = 10.1086/308020| s2cid= 12560512}}</ref>

As of 2012, "planets more massive than Saturn orbiting within 6 AU" were ruled out.<ref name="debris"/> The ESA has found no evidence for Saturn-mass planets beyond that.<ref name=Herschel>{{cite news | title=Do missing Jupiters mean massive comet belts? |url=http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Herschel/SEMVDXDQZ9H_0.html|date=27 November 2012 |author=ESA Herschel |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20121129235815/http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Herschel/SEMVDXDQZ9H_0.html |archive-date=29 November 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Additional data is needed to confirm the possibility of more sub-Saturn planets between 0.5 and 30 AU from the star.<ref name="debris"/> An Earth-mass planet in the star's habitable zone (which would still be too small to detect with current technology) remains possible.

{{OrbitboxPlanet begin
| table_ref = <ref name=debris/><ref name="Bisht2024"/>
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[61 Virginis b|b]]
| mass_earth = {{val|6.11|0.24|p=≥}}
| period = {{val|4.2150|0.0001}}
| semimajor = {{val|0.050|0.001}}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.11|0.03}}
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = [[61 Virginis c|c]]
| mass_earth = {{val|19.33|0.70|p=≥}}
| period = {{val|38.073|0.003}}
| semimajor = {{val|0.216|0.004}}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.07|0.01}}
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet
| exoplanet = d
| mass_earth = {{val|12.24|0.59|p=≥}}
| period = {{val|123.12|0.08}}
| semimajor = {{val|0.47|0.01}}
| eccentricity = {{val|0.12|0.03}}
}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet disk
| disk = Debris disk
| mass_earth = {{Val|5|e=−5}}
| periapsis = 30
| apoapsis = >100
| inclination = 77
}}
{{Orbitbox end}}

== View from 61 Virginis ==
The [[Sun]] is visible from the system as a magnitude 4.50 star<ref>Calculated from the Sun's [[absolute magnitude]] of +4.83 and 61 Virginis' distance from the Sun of 8.53 parsecs, by the equation M<sub>apparent</sub> = M<sub>absolute</sub>&minus;5+5{{*}}log''d''.</ref>  close to the stars [[Hamal]], [[Beta Arietis]] and [[Alpha Centauri]]. [[Arcturus]] (magnitude −1.01) is the brightest star of the night sky.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.bdm.id.au/localspace/systems/506.html | title=The Chronicles of Local Space – 61 Virginis | access-date=2012-08-07 | archive-date=2016-03-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235551/http://www.bdm.id.au/localspace/systems/506.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of star systems within 25–30 light-years]]
* [[List of stars in Virgo]]
* [[Lists of exoplanets]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
<references>
<ref name=GaiaDR3>{{Cite Gaia DR3|3507879565090229888}}</ref>

<ref name=ubv>{{cite journal |last1=Oja |first1=T. |title=UBV photometry of stars whose positions are accurately known. VII. |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series |date=1993 |volume=100 |page=591 |bibcode=1993A&AS..100..591O }}</ref>

<ref name=Holmberg2009>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Holmberg | first1=J. | last2=Nordström | first2=B. | last3=Andersen | first3=J. | title=The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics | volume=501 | issue=3 |date=July 2009 | pages=941–947 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200811191 | bibcode=2009A&A...501..941H | arxiv=0811.3982 | s2cid=118577511 | postscript=. }}</ref>

<ref name="Baily1835">{{cite book | editor1-first = Francis | editor1-last = Baily | title = An Account of the Revd. John Flamsteed, the First Astronomer- Royal | publisher = By order of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty | page = [https://archive.org/details/anaccountrevdjo00bailgoog/page/n672 588] | date = 1835 | url = https://archive.org/details/anaccountrevdjo00bailgoog }}</ref>

<ref name=Rathsam2023>{{Cite journal |last=Rathsam |first=Anne |last2=Meléndez |first2=Jorge |last3=Carvalho Silva |first3=Gabriela |date=2023-09-01 |title=Lithium depletion in solar analogs: age and mass effects |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |language=en |volume=525 |issue=3 |pages=4642–4656 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stad2589 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2309.00471 |bibcode=2023MNRAS.525.4642R |issn=0035-8711}}</ref>

<ref name="von Braun2014">{{cite journal | title=Stellar diameters and temperatures - V. 11 newly characterized exoplanet host stars | last1=von Braun | first1=Kaspar | last2=Boyajian | first2=Tabetha S. | last3=van Belle | first3=Gerard T. | last4=Kane | first4=Stephen R. | last5=Jones | first5=Jeremy | last6=Farrington | first6=Chris | last7=Schaefer | first7=Gail | last8=Vargas | first8=Norm | last9=Scott | first9=Nic | last10=ten Brummelaar | first10=Theo A. | last11=Kephart | first11=Miranda | last12=Gies | first12=Douglas R. | last13=Ciardi | first13=David R. | last14=López-Morales | first14=Mercedes | last15=Mazingue | first15=Cassidy | last16=McAlister | first16=Harold A. | last17=Ridgway | first17=Stephen | last18=Goldfinger | first18=P. J. | last19=Turner | first19=Nils H. | last20=Sturmann | first20=Laszlo | display-authors=1 | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=438 | issue=3 | pages=2413–2425 | year=2014 | arxiv=1312.1792 | bibcode=2014MNRAS.438.2413V | doi=10.1093/mnras/stt2360 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name=debris>{{Cite journal | last1=Wyatt | first1=M. C. | last2=Kennedy | first2=G. | last3=Sibthorpe | first3=B. | last4=Moro-Martín | first4=A. | last5=Lestrade | first5=J.-F. | last6=Ivison | first6=R. J. | last7=Matthews | first7=B. | last8=Udry | first8=S. | last9=Greaves | first9=J. S. | last10=Kalas | first10=P. | last11=Lawler | first11=S. | last12=Su | first12=K. Y. L. | last13=Rieke | first13=G. H. | last14=Booth | first14=M. | last15=Bryden | first15=G. | last16=Horner | first16=J. | last17=Kavelaars | first17=J. J. | last18=Wilner | first18=D. | display-authors=1 | title=Herschel imaging of 61 Vir: implications for the prevalence of debris in low-mass planetary systems | journal=MNRAS | date=2012 | bibcode = 2012MNRAS.424.1206W | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21298.x | arxiv=1206.2370 | volume=424 | issue=2 | pages=1206–1223| doi-access=free | s2cid=54056835 }}</ref>

<ref name=Campbell>{{Cite journal | last1=Campbell | first1=Bruce | last2=Walker | first2=G. A. H. | last3=Yang | first3=S. | display-authors=1 | bibcode=1988ApJ...331..902C | journal=Astrophysical Journal | volume=331 | pages=902–921 | title=A search for substellar companions to solar-type stars | date=1988 | doi=10.1086/166608 | doi-access=free }}, pages 904, 906, and 919</ref>

<ref name="MNRAS110_405">{{Cite journal | author = Staff | title = Stars, Parallax of: Stellar parallaxes determined photographically at the Cape Observatory (seventeenth list) | journal = [[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume = 110 | issue = 4 | pages = 405–412 | date = 1950 | bibcode = 1950MNRAS.110..405. | doi=10.1093/mnras/110.4.405| doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name="MPB32_2_27">{{cite journal | last1 = Lubin | first1 = Dan | last2 = Tytler | first2 = David | last3 = Kirkman | first3 = David | title = Frequency of Maunder Minimum Events in Solar-type Stars Inferred from Activity and Metallicity Observations | journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters | volume = 747 | issue = 2 | page = L32 |date=March 2012 | doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/747/2/L32 | bibcode = 2012ApJ...747L..32L | doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name=aaa474_2_653>{{citation | last1=van Leeuwen | first1=F. |date=November 2007 | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 |arxiv = 0708.1752 | s2cid=18759600 }}</ref>

<ref name="aaa191">{{citation | last1=Perrin | first1=M.-N. | last2=Cayrel de Strobel | first2=G. | last3=Dennefeld | first3=M. | title=High S/N detailed spectral analysis of four G and K dwarfs within 10 PC of the sun | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=191 | issue=2 |date=February 1988 | pages=237–247 | bibcode=1988A&A...191..237P }}</ref>

<ref name="apj687">{{cite journal | last1=Mamajek | first1=Eric E. | last2=Hillenbrand | first2=Lynne A. | title=Improved Age Estimation for Solar-Type Dwarfs Using Activity-Rotation Diagnostics | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=687 | issue=2 | pages=1264–1293 |date=November 2008 | doi=10.1086/591785 | bibcode=2008ApJ...687.1264M |arxiv = 0807.1686 | s2cid=27151456 }}</ref>

<ref name="ab6">{{cite journal | last1=Porto de Mello | first1=Gustavo | last2=del Peloso | first2=Eduardo F. | last3=Ghezzi | first3=Luan | title=Astrobiologically Interesting Stars Within 10 Parsecs of the Sun | journal=Astrobiology | volume=6 | issue=2 | pages=308–331 |date=April 2006 | doi=10.1089/ast.2006.6.308 | pmid=16689649 | bibcode=2006AsBio...6..308P|arxiv = astro-ph/0511180 | s2cid=119459291 }}</ref>

<ref name="AAA542_A116">{{citation
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<ref name=aj126_4_2048>{{citation | display-authors=1 | last1=Gray | first1=R. O. | last2=Corbally | first2=C. J. | last3=Garrison | first3=R. F. | last4=McFadden | first4=M. T. | last5=Robinson | first5=P. E. | title=Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 Parsecs: The Northern Sample. I. | journal=The Astronomical Journal | volume=126 | issue=4 | pages=2048–2059 |date=October 2003 | doi=10.1086/378365 | bibcode=2003AJ....126.2048G  | arxiv=astro-ph/0308182 | s2cid=119417105 }}</ref>

<ref name=Rosenthal2021>{{cite journal |arxiv=2105.11583|doi=10.3847/1538-4365/abe23c|title=The California Legacy Survey. I. A Catalog of 178 Planets from Precision Radial Velocity Monitoring of 719 Nearby Stars over Three Decades|year=2021|last1=Rosenthal|first1=Lee J.|last2=Fulton|first2=Benjamin J.|last3=Hirsch|first3=Lea A.|last4=Isaacson|first4=Howard T.|last5=Howard|first5=Andrew W.|last6=Dedrick|first6=Cayla M.|last7=Sherstyuk|first7=Ilya A.|last8=Blunt|first8=Sarah C.|last9=Petigura|first9=Erik A.|last10=Knutson|first10=Heather A.|last11=Behmard|first11=Aida|last12=Chontos|first12=Ashley|last13=Crepp|first13=Justin R.|last14=Crossfield|first14=Ian J. M.|last15=Dalba|first15=Paul A.|last16=Fischer|first16=Debra A.|last17=Henry|first17=Gregory W.|last18=Kane|first18=Stephen R.|last19=Kosiarek|first19=Molly|last20=Marcy|first20=Geoffrey W.|last21=Rubenzahl|first21=Ryan A.|last22=Weiss|first22=Lauren M.|last23=Wright|first23=Jason T.|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series|volume=255|issue=1 |page=8|bibcode=2021ApJS..255....8R |s2cid=235186973 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Laliotis2023">{{cite journal |last1=Laliotis |first1=Katherine |last2=Burt |first2=Jennifer A. |display-authors=etal |date=April 2023 |title=Doppler Constraints on Planetary Companions to Nearby Sun-like Stars: An Archival Radial Velocity Survey of Southern Targets for Proposed NASA Direct Imaging Missions |journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] |volume=165 |issue=4 |pages=176 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/acc067 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2302.10310 |bibcode=2023AJ....165..176L}}</ref>

<ref name="Cretignier2023">{{cite journal|last1=Cretignier|first1=M.|last2=Dumusque|first2=X.|last3=Aigrain|first3=S.|last4=Pepe|first4=F.|title=YARARA V2: Reaching sub m/s precision over a decade using PCA on line-by-line RVs|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|publisher=EDP Sciences|date=18 August 2023|volume=678 |pages=A2 |issn=0004-6361|arxiv=2308.11812|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202347232|doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="Yu2024">{{cite journal |last1=Yu |first1=Haochuan |last2=Aigrain |first2=Suzanne |display-authors=etal |date=March 2024 |title=Modelling stellar variability in archival HARPS data: I - Rotation and activity properties with multidimensional Gaussian processes |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=528 |issue=4 |pages=5511–5527 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stae137 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2401.05528 |bibcode=2024MNRAS.528.5511Y}}</ref>

<ref name="Bisht2024">{{cite journal |last1=Bisht |first1=Deepak |last2=Jones |first2=Hugh R. A. |date=November 2024 |title=Radial velocity analysis of stars with debris discs |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=534 |issue=3 |pages=2105–2118 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stae2223 |doi-access=free |arxiv=2409.16021 |bibcode=2024MNRAS.534.2105B}}</ref>
</references>

== External links ==
* {{cite encyclopedia |url=http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=61+Vir |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100121020632/http://www.exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=61+Vir |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 21, 2010 |title=Notes for star 61 Vir |author=Jean Schneider |date=2011 |encyclopedia=[[Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia]] |access-date=10 October 2011}}
* [http://www.solstation.com/stars/61virgin.htm 61 Virginis] at SolStation
* [http://oklo.org/2009/12/14/earthbound-planet-search/ Systemic Blog article with comparative map of orbits of 61 Vir b, c and d]
* Aladin [http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr/alapre.pl?-c=13+18+24.315+-18+18+40.31&button=N%26B image]{{Dead link|date=January 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} of 61 Virginis

{{61 Virginis}}
{{Virgo}}
{{Sky|13|18|24.3|-|18|18|40.3|27.8}}

<!-- Properties -->
[[Category:61 Virginis| ]]
[[Category:G-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:Solar analogs|Virginis, 061]]
[[Category:Maunder Minimum]]
[[Category:Planetary systems with three confirmed planets]]
[[Category:Circumstellar disks]]
<!-- Other -->
[[Category:Virgo (constellation)]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects|BD-17 3813]]
[[Category:Flamsteed objects|Virginis, 061]]
[[Category:Gliese and GJ objects|0506]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|115617]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|064924]]
[[Category:Bright Star Catalogue objects|5019]]
[[Category:Population I stars]]