View source for 5 Kanal

{{short description|Ukrainian television network}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = ''5 Kanal''
| logo = Logo 5 Channel.svg
| logo_alt = 5 Kanal logo
| logo_size = 
| launch_date = September 1, 2003
| picture_format = [[16:9]] ([[1080i]], [[HDTV]])
| headquarters = [[Kyiv]]
| country = Ukraine
| owner = Free Media Holding
| former_names = 
| sister_channels = 
| website = {{url|5.ua}}
| terr_serv_1 = Zeonbud
| terr_chan_1 = MUX5 (31)
| online_serv_1 = Web
| online_chan_1 = [http://www.5.ua/live Channel 5 Live]
}}
'''''5 Kanal''''' ({{langx|uk|5 канал||Channel 5}}) is a television station in Ukraine formerly owned by businessman and the fifth [[president of Ukraine]] [[Petro Poroshenko]].<ref name=poro5>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/67473/ Poroshenko is not going to sell Channel 5 TV], [[Kyiv Post]] (May 23, 2010)</ref><ref name="rferl.org">{{Cite web|title=Ukraine's Former President Sells TV Channels Following Passage Of 'Oligarch' Bill|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-poroshenko-sells-tv-channels/31552756.html|access-date=2021-11-11|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en}}</ref>

The channel became well known as the first major broadcaster during the [[2004 Ukrainian presidential election|2004 presidential election]] offering critical broadcasting on candidate [[Viktor Yanukovych]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3747594.stm |title=Ukraine TV stokes election battle. |work=[[BBC News]] |date=2004-10-20}}</ref> The whole staff of the channel went on [[hunger strike]] when (at the time, late 2004) the government threatened to close it.<ref name="APOR291011">[https://www.academia.edu/1068864/Russia_the_US_the_Others_and_the_101_Things_to_Do_to_Win_a_Colour_Revolution_Reflections_on_Georgia_and_Ukraine Russia, the US, "the Others" and the "101 Things to Do to Win a (Colour) Revolution": Reflections on Georgia and Ukraine] by [[Abel Polese]], [[Routledge]] (26 October 2011)</ref> According to the Ukrainian [[media watchdog]] ''Telekrytyka'' Kanal 5 and [[TVi (channel)|TVi]] were the only remaining TV channels mid-May 2010 with independent and fair TV news coverage.<ref>[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/66674/ Media expert: Only two TV stations still give viewers fair news coverage], [[Kyiv Post]] (May 13, 2010)</ref>

Poroshenko sold the channel shortly after an anti-oligarch law was passed in November 2021.<ref name="rferl.org" />

== History ==
{{Cleanup|reason=Most sentences begin with a date|date=May 2022}}
In 1995, the NBM TV and Radio Company was founded in [[Chernivtsi]]. At the time, the priority areas of the company's activity were the regional [[Television channel|TV channel]] NBM and the Western Ukrainian radio network Niko FM. Soon, the company received broadcasting licences in 12 regions and began broadcasting on [[Satellite television|satellite]].

From 1998 to the spring of 2000, TRK NBM cooperated with CJSC MMC-[[STB (TV channel)|STB]], which together with Intermart Corporation owned this channel (this was the structure of the channel: 21% controlled STB, 30% - a company, "Intermart", and 49% - a company, "Niko-PR"). But due to disagreements between the owners of the founders of these partners were excluded. Afterwards the channel was again an independent channel, until it was bought by Petro Poroshenko. In February 2001, the Express-Inform TV and Radio Company, founded in 1993 in [[Kyiv]] as an economic news studio, appeared on the Ukrainian ether. In August 2002, the channel began broadcasting in Kyiv.

In 2003, NBM and Express-Inform created 5 Kanal. The idea and concept of the channel belongs to journalists [[Andriy Shevchenko (politician)|Andriy Shevchenko]], [[Roman Skrypin]] and Yevhen Hlibovytsky, who left [[Novyi Kanal]], [[STB (TV channel)|STB]] and [[1+1 (TV channel)|1 + 1]] TV channels due to censorship, respectively. Since its inception, 5 Kanal has positioned itself as an "honest news channel." In the same year, journalists, executives and owners of the channel signed an agreement on the principles of operation, which forbade the owners to interfere in the process of news production, and adopted the principles of editorial policy.

During the 2004 presidential election, 5 Kanal was the only television channel which provided airtime to both the government and the opposition. Employees of the channel complained of pressure from the authorities and pro-government politicians. On October 7, 2004, 5 Kanal owner Petro Poroshenko sharply criticized and accused Volodymyr Sivkovych, chairman of the parliamentary commission on the case of [[Viktor Yushchenko|Viktor Yushchenko's]] poisoning, of "fulfilling [[Bankova Street|Bankova's]] scenario."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Реалити-шоу "Предвыборный голод"|url=https://lenta.ru/articles/2004/10/29/tv5/|access-date=2021-04-19|website=lenta.ru}}</ref> One week later, at the request of Sivkovich, the channel's bank accounts were blocked, after which the channel's journalists went on a [[hunger strike]] and the accounts were unblocked.<ref>{{Cite web|title=СЧЕТА "5 КАНАЛА" АРЕСТОВАНЫ. ИЗ-ЗА... СИВКОВИЧА|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2004/10/18/4381951/|access-date=2021-04-19|website=Украинская правда|language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Суд Киева отменил арест счетов 5 канала|url=https://korrespondent.net/ukraine/politics/105807-sud-kieva-otmenil-arest-schetov-5-kanala|access-date=2021-04-19|website=korrespondent.net|language=ru}}</ref> To protect itself from closure, the channel even began a partial retransmission of sittings of the [[Verkhovna Rada|Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine]], agreeing on a relevant agreement.

During the [[Orange Revolution]], 5 Kanal switched to round-the-clock news broadcasting and broadcast live on [[Maidan Nezalezhnosti|Independence Square]] in Kyiv and other hotspots in the Ukrainian capital. Due to this, the rating of the channel reached record levels - after the audience, "5 Kanal" ranked third in the country, leaving only "[[Inter (TV channel)|Inter]]" and "1 + 1", which had a large coverage of the national television network.<ref name="Історія">{{Cite web|title=Історія|url=https://www.5.ua/about/istoriya/|access-date=2021-04-19|website=5 канал|language=uk}}</ref>

In February 2005, a change in the channel's format was announced - the channel declared itself the "first information" channel. On March 14, 2005, entertainment and music programs, feature films, etc. were removed from the airwaves, leaving only news, documentaries, analytical and journalistic programs, and programs about tourism. At the same time, the head of the news service, Andriy Shevchenko, left the channel and was replaced by Roman Skrypin. In May 2006, Roman Skrypin also left the channel, claiming that there was no development and that the channel's decision-making system had been disrupted-in particular, the appointment of a new news editor-in-chief took place without discussion with him as editor-in-chief channel.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Телекритика — Новини — Роман Скрипін йде з 5 каналу|url=http://telekritika.ua/news/2006-05-22/28586|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111023632/http://telekritika.ua/news/2006-05-22/28586|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-11-11|access-date=2021-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Роман Скрипін: Моє бачення розвитку каналу не тотожне поглядам топ-менеджменту|url=http://www.telekritika.ua/lyudi/2006-05-22/7017|access-date=2021-04-19|website=Телекритика|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231020917/http://www.telekritika.ua/lyudi/2006-05-22/7017|archive-date=2013-12-31}}</ref>

In 2007, 5 Kanal started the new year with a new program grid built on the principle of "horizontal lines". All news content was divided into blocks, each of which had a fixed place in the program grid. A fundamentally new structure of news was built, the total number of information messages increased from 40 to more than 60.<ref name="Історія"/>

In early June 2010, the court upheld the demands of the Inter TV channel group, annulling the National Council's decision a year and a half earlier to allocate 5 Kanal and TVi frequencies for broadcasting.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 КАНАЛ і ТВі ЗАЛИШИЛИ БЕЗ ЧАСТОТ|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2010/06/8/5119390/|access-date=2021-04-19|website=Українська правда|language=uk}}</ref> Journalists from the TV channels said that the influence on the court decision of the head of the [[Security Service of Ukraine]] [[Valeriy Khoroshkovskyi|Valery Khoroshkovsky]], who was also the owner of the group "Inter".<ref>{{Cite web|title=У "5 каналу" і ТВі відібрали частоти: бізнес чи тиск на свободу слова|url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/2065774.html|access-date=2021-04-19|website=Радіо Свобода|language=uk}}</ref> On August 18, 2010, 5 Kanal's website shut down due to a [[Denial-of-service attack|DDOS attack]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Сайт "5 каналу" перестав працювати|url=https://24tv.ua/sayt_5_kanalu_perestav_pratsyuvati_n42416|access-date=2021-04-19|website=24 Канал|language=uk}}</ref> On August 25, 2011, the Ukrainian Independence TV Marathon, hosted by [[Tetyana Danylenko]] and Pavlo Kuzheev, set a new world record - 52 hours of continuous broadcasting.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Тетяна Даниленко і Павло Кужеєв встановили рекорд: 52 години телемарафону|url=http://www.telekritika.ua/news/2011-08-25/65250|access-date=2021-04-19|website=Телекритика|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124235840/http://www.telekritika.ua/news/2011-08-25/65250|archive-date=2015-11-24}}</ref> In October, the telethon was registered in the [[Guinness World Records]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Телемарафон 5-го каналу зареєстрували в Книзі рекордів Гіннеса|url=http://telekritika.ua/news/2011-10-28/66792|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029182607/http://telekritika.ua/news/2011-10-28/66792|url-status=dead|archive-date=2011-10-29|access-date=2021-04-19}}</ref> In March 2012, 5 Kanal and the RegioNews news agency began broadcasting press conferences in the RegioNews live media hall.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-07-22|title=Прес-конференції ІА RegioNews транслюватимуться у прямому ефірі 5-го ...|url=http://regionews.com.ua/node/39769|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722044550/http://regionews.com.ua/node/39769|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-07-22|access-date=2021-04-19|website=archive.is}}</ref>

On February 18, 2014, 5 Kanal was disconnected from the terrestrial, cable networks and satellite broadcasts almost all over Ukraine due to the coverage of the assault by [[Euromaidan]] security forces on Independence Square in Kyiv, but the broadcast was later resumed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 канал відключили по всій Україні|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/02/18/7014479/|access-date=2021-04-19|website=Українська правда|language=uk}}</ref> Since the spring of 2014, the channel has been repeatedly reported by unknown individuals saying that the channel was mined (this happened for the thirteenth time on November 15, 2014), which stopped its operation at the time of the search for the explosives.<ref>{{Cite web|title="5 канал" знову "замінували"|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/11/15/7044363/|access-date=2021-04-19|website=Українська правда|language=uk}}</ref> Since September 5, 2016, the TV channel broadcasts in [[16×9|16:9]] format. In January 2019, there was a re-switching of 5 Kanal and [[Pryamiy kanal]], as a result of which Pryamiy kanal switched to MX-2 multiplex, and 5 Kanal switched to MX-5 multiplex.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Закусило|first=Мар'яна|date=2019-01-10|title=Прямий канал і 5 канал помінялися місцями в мультиплексах "Зеонбуду"|url=https://detector.media/rinok/article/143924/2019-01-10-pryamyy-kanal-i-5-kanal-pominyalysya-mistsyamy-v-multypleksakh-zeonbudu/|access-date=2021-04-19|website=detector.media|language=uk}}</ref> On May 31, 2019, the host of 5 Kanal Vitaliy Haidukevich was elected to the central political council of the [[European Solidarity]] party.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-31|title=Партія Порошенка затвердила нове керівництво. Список|url=https://ua-news.liga.net/politics/news/partiya-poroshenka-zatverdila-nove-kerivnitstvo-spisok|access-date=2021-04-19|website=LIGA|language=uk}}</ref>

On October 10, 2019, the TV channel launched an [[High-definition television|HD]] version on the Astra 4A satellite.<ref>{{Cite web|title=-|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ozQAzCH6vsk|access-date=2021-04-19|website=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead YouTube link|date=February 2022}}</ref> On the night of January 1, 2020, the TV channel together with Pryamiy kanal broadcast Petro Poroshenko's address to citizens instead of the [[President of Ukraine|president of Ukraine's]] New Year's address. [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy|Volodymyr Zelenskyy's]] address appeared on TV channels after midnight.<ref>{{Cite web|title=5 канал та Прямий транслювали новорічне привітання Порошенка замість Зеленського|url=https://nv.ua/ukr/ukraine/events/5-kanal-ta-pryamiy-translyuvali-privitannya-poroshenka-zamist-zelenskogo-novini-ukrajini-50062246.html|access-date=2021-04-19|website=nv.ua|language=uk}}</ref>

In November 2021, Poroshenko sold the channel, along with [[Pryamiy kanal|Pryamiy]], shortly after president Zelenskiy signed the anti-oligarch bill into law.<ref name="rferl.org"/> The channel is now owned by Free Media Holding, which includes "media workers, public figures, opposition deputies from among journalists", according to a statement released on the channel's website.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-11-08 |title=We will not allow the destruction of free media: Poroshenko transferred shares of "Pryamiy" and "Channel 5" to journalists {{!}} Європейська Солідарність |url=https://eurosolidarity.org/2021/11/08/we-will-not-allow-the-destruction-of-free-media-poroshenko-transferred-shares-of-pryamiy-and-channel-5-to-journalists/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240519173051/http://eurosolidarity.org/2021/11/08/we-will-not-allow-the-destruction-of-free-media-poroshenko-transferred-shares-of-pryamiy-and-channel-5-to-journalists/ |archive-date=2024-05-19 |access-date=2025-05-21 |work=Європейська Солідарність |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Через атаку на свободу слова: Порошенко передав журналістам акції "5 каналу" та "Прямого"|url=https://www.5.ua/polityka/cherez-ataku-na-svobodu-slova-poroshenko-peredav-zhurnalistam-aktsii-5-kanalu-ta-priamoho-260013.html|access-date=2021-11-11|website=5 канал|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-08 |title=Порошенко продав акції «5 каналу» та «Прямого» - через закон про олігархів |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-polytics/3347171-porosenko-prodav-akcii-5-kanalu-ta-pramogo-cerez-zakon-pro-oligarhiv.html |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=www.ukrinform.ua |language=uk}}</ref>

== Criticism ==
On December 1, 2016, the German newspaper [[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] reported that seven employees of the channel's editorial office said they had been receiving money through the [[double-entry bookkeeping]] system for several years in a row.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Німецьке видання заявило про податкові махінації на "5 каналі"|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2016/12/2/7128617/|access-date=2021-04-19|website=Українська правда|language=uk}}</ref>

== Satellite broadcasting ==

* Satellite - [[Astra 4A]] (5 ° E)
* Frequency - 12284&nbsp;MHz
* Polarization - vertical (V)
* The symbolic speed is 27500
* FEC - 3/4
* Coding - FTA

==Anchors & Correspondents==
* [[Andriy Shevchenko (politician)|Andriy Shevchenko]] (2003–05),
* [[Roman Skrypin]] (2003–06),
* [[Hanna Homonai]] (2004),
*[[Tetyana Danylenko]] (2004–2017)
* Yevhen Hlibovytsky (2005–06),
* Svyatoslav Tseholko (2004–2014),
* Lidiya Taran (2006–09)

== See also ==
* [[List of Ukrainian language television channels]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website}} {{in lang|uk|ru|en}}

{{Ukrainian TV}}
{{Petro Poroshenko}}
{{Ethnic Channels Group}}

[[Category:5 Kanal| ]]
[[Category:Television stations in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Ukrainian-language television stations in Ukraine]]
[[Category:24-hour television news channels in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2003]]
[[Category:Ukrainian brands]]
[[Category:Organizations based in Kyiv]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Mass media of the Euromaidan]]
[[Category:Petro Poroshenko]]