View source for 45th parallel north

{{short description|Circle of latitude often called the halfway point between the equator and the North Pole}}
{{Location map-line|lat=45}}{{geoGroup}}
The '''45th parallel north''' is a [[circle of latitude]] that is 45 [[degree (angle)|degrees]] [[true north|north]] of Earth's [[equator]]. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.
The 45th parallel north is often called the halfway point between the equator and the [[North Pole]], but the true halfway point is {{convert|16.0|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of it (approximately between 45°08'36" and 45°08'37") because Earth is an oblate [[spheroid]]; that is, it [[equatorial bulge|bulges]] at the equator and is [[flattening|flattened]] at the poles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.go.ednet.ns.ca/~mag/files/midway.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502045609/http://www.go.ednet.ns.ca/~mag/files/midway.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2006|title=The Half-Way to the Pole Line|date=2 May 2006|access-date=16 July 2018}}</ref>

At this latitude, the sun is visible for 15 hours 37 minutes during the [[summer solstice]], and 8 hours 46 minutes during the [[winter solstice]].  The [[Noon#Solar noon|midday]] Sun stands 21.6° above the southern horizon at the [[December solstice]], 68.4° at the [[June solstice]], and exactly 45.0° at either [[equinox]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-24|title=Duration of Daylight/Darkness Table for One Year|url=http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012094319/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/Dur_OneYear.php|archive-date=2019-10-12|access-date=2021-03-10|website=U.S. Naval Observatory}}</ref>

==Around the world==
Starting at the [[Prime Meridian]] and heading eastwards, the parallel 45° north passes through:

:{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width: 67%;"
! scope="col" width="125" | Coordinates
! scope="col" | Country, territory<br/>or sea
! scope="col" | Notes
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|0|0|E|type:landmark|name=Prime Meridian}}
! scope="row" | {{FRA}}
| [[Aquitaine]]<br/> [[Midi-Pyrénées]]<br/> [[Limousin (region)|Limousin]]<br/> [[Auvergne (region)|Auvergne]]<br/> [[Rhône-Alpes]] – passing just south of [[Grenoble]]<br/>
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|6|44|E|type:country|name=Italy}}
! scope="row" | {{ITA}}
| [[Piedmont]] – passing just south of [[Turin]]<br/> [[Lombardy]] - passing by [[Voghera]] and [[Mantua]]<br/> [[Emilia-Romagna]] – passing just south of [[Piacenza]]<br/> [[Lombardy]]<br/> [[Veneto]] – passing just south of [[Rovigo]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|12|27|E|type:waterbody|name=Adriatic Sea}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Adriatic Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Gulf of Venice]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|13|44|E|type:country|name=Croatia}}
! scope="row" | {{HRV}}
| [[Istria|Istrian Peninsula]], islands of [[Cres]] and [[Krk]], and the mainland again
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|15|46|E|type:country|name=Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
! scope="row" | {{BIH}}
|
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|18|44|E|type:country|name=Croatia}}
! scope="row" | {{HRV}}
|
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|19|6|E|type:country|name=Serbia}}
! scope="row" | {{SRB}}
| Passing through the centre of [[Ruma]] and through northern part of [[Sremska Mitrovica]]<br />Passing through the northern edge of [[Stara Pazova]], 30 kilometres NW of [[Belgrade]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|21|24|E|type:country|name=Romania}}
! scope="row" | {{ROU}}
| Passing just north of [[Ploiești]] and just south of [[Târgu Jiu]] and [[Râmnicu Vâlcea]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|29|39|E|type:waterbody|name=Black Sea}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Black Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|33|36|E|type:country|name=Ukraine}}
! scope="row" | [[Crimea]] 
| Controlled by {{RUS}}, claimed by {{UKR}} – passing just north of [[Simferopol]], and just south of [[Feodosiya]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|35|24|E|type:waterbody|name=Black Sea}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Black Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|37|13|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
! scope="row" | {{RUS}}
| Passing just south of [[Krasnodar]], and just south of [[Stavropol]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|47|15|E|type:waterbody|name=Caspian Sea}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Caspian Sea]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|51|4|E|type:country|name=Kazakhstan}}
! scope="row" | {{KAZ}}
| [[Mangystau Province]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|56|0|E|type:country|name=Uzbekistan}}
! scope="row" | {{UZB}}
| [[Karakalpakstan]] (autonomous republic) – including [[Vozrozhdeniya Island]] in the [[Aral Sea]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|59|50|E|type:country|name=Kazakhstan}}
! scope="row" | {{KAZ}}
| [[Kyzylorda Province]]<br/> [[South Kazakhstan Province]]<br/> [[Zhambyl Province]]<br/> [[Almaty Province]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|80|2|E|type:country|name=China}}
! scope="row" | {{PRC}}
| [[Xinjiang]] – passing through a [[45×90 points#45.C2.B0N.2C 90.C2.B0E|45×90 point]] (halfway between the [[North Pole]] and the [[Equator]], ''and'' halfway between the [[Prime Meridian]] and the [[180th meridian]])
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|93|13|E|type:country|name=Mongolia}}
! scope="row" | {{MNG}}
| [[Govi-Altai Province]]<br/> [[Bayankhongor Province]]<br/> [[Övörkhangai Province]]<br/> [[Dundgovi Province]]<br/> [[Dornogovi Province]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|111|46|E|type:country|name=China}}
! scope="row" | {{PRC}}
| [[Inner Mongolia]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|112|31|E|type:country|name=Mongolia}}
! scope="row" | {{MNG}} 
| [[Sükhbaatar Province]]
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|114|7|E|type:country|name=China}}
! scope="row" | {{PRC}}
| [[Inner Mongolia]]<br/> [[Jilin]]<br/> [[Heilongjiang]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|131|30|E|type:country|name=Russia}}
! scope="row" | {{RUS}}
| [[Primorsky Krai]] - passing through [[Lake Khanka]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|136|37|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Japan}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Japan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Passing just south of [[Rishiri Island]], {{JPN}}
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|141|41|E|type:country|name=Japan}}
! scope="row" | {{JPN}}
| [[Hokkaidō]] - [[Horonobe, Hokkaido]], {{JPN}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|142|32|E|type:waterbody|name=Sea of Okhotsk}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Sea of Okhotsk]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|147|31|E|type:country|name=Kuril Islands}}
! scope="row" | [[Kuril Islands]]
| Island of [[Iturup]], administered by {{RUS}}, claimed by {{JPN}}
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|147|59|E|type:waterbody|name=Pacific Ocean}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Pacific Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|- valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|124|1|W|type:country|name=United States}}
! scope="row" | {{USA}}
| [[Oregon]] – passing north of [[Lincoln City, Oregon|Lincoln City]] and [[Salem, Oregon|Salem]], and south of [[North Powder, Oregon|North Powder]]<br/> [[Idaho]] – passing  north of [[New Meadows, Idaho|New Meadows]], through [[Brundage Mountain]] ski area, and south of [[Salmon, Idaho|Salmon]]<br/> [[Montana]] – passing through [[Clark Canyon Dam]] (south of [[Dillon, Montana|Dillon]])<br/> [[Montana]] / [[Wyoming]] border<br/> [[South Dakota]] – passing through [[Eagle Butte, South Dakota|Eagle Butte]] and [[Watertown, South Dakota|Watertown]]<br/> [[Minnesota]] – passing through northern [[Minneapolis]] and northern suburbs of [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St Paul]]<br/> [[Wisconsin]] – passing north of [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin|Chippewa Falls]] and near [[Wausau, Wisconsin|Wausau]] (at a [[45×90 points#45.C2.B0N.2C 90.C2.B0W|45×90 point]], halfway between the [[North Pole]] and [[Equator]], halfway between the [[Prime Meridian]] and [[180th meridian]], at [[Rietbrock, Wisconsin|Rietbrock]]).
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|87|37|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Michigan}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Michigan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Green Bay (Lake Michigan)|Green Bay]] – territorial waters of the United States
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|87|21|W|type:country|name=United States}}
! scope="row" | {{USA}}
| [[Wisconsin]] – passing across northern [[Door Peninsula]], south of [[Baileys Harbor, Wisconsin|Baileys Harbor]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|87|9|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Michigan}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Michigan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Territorial waters of the United States
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|86|9|W|type:country|name=United States}}
! scope="row" | {{USA}}
| [[Michigan]] – [[South Manitou Island]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|86|5|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Michigan}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Michigan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Territorial waters of the United States
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|85|46|W|type:country|name=United States}}
! scope="row" | {{USA}}
| [[Michigan]] – [[Leelanau Peninsula]] ([[Leelanau County, Michigan|Leelanau County]])
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|86|5|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Michigan}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Michigan]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Grand Traverse Bay]] – territorial waters of the United States
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|85|47|W|type:country|name=United States}}
! scope="row" | {{USA}}
| [[Michigan]] – passing through southern [[Gaylord, Michigan|Gaylord]] and south of [[Alpena, Michigan|Alpena]]<!--([[Antrim County, Michigan|Antrim County]], [[Otsego County, Michigan|Otsego County]], [[Montmorency County, Michigan|Montmorency County]], and [[Alpena County, Michigan|Alpena County]]) -->
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|83|26|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Huron}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Huron]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Territorial waters of the United States and Canada
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|81|27|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
! scope="row" | {{CAN}}
| [[Ontario]] – [[Bruce Peninsula]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|81|11|W|type:waterbody|name=Lake Huron}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Lake Huron]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Georgian Bay]] – territorial waters of Canada
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|79|59|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
! scope="row" | {{CAN}}
| [[Ontario]] – passing south of [[Bala, Ontario|Bala]], through Browning Island in [[Lake Muskoka]], south of Bracebridge and south of [[Kemptville]]
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|74|54|W|type:country|name=United States}}
! scope="row" | {{USA}}
| [[New York (state)|New York state]] – for about {{convert|6|mi|0|spell=in}}
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|74|46|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
! scope="row" | {{CAN}}
| [[Ontario]] – [[Cornwall Island (Ontario)|Cornwall Island]]<br/> [[Quebec]] – running just north of the border with [[New York (state)|New York]], {{USA}}
|-valign="top"
| {{Coord|45|0|N|73|54|W|type:country|name=United States}}
! scope="row" | {{USA}}
| [[New York (state)|New York]] – running just south of the border with [[Quebec]], {{CAN}}<br/> [[Vermont]] – running just south of the border with [[Quebec]], {{CAN}}<br/> [[New Hampshire]] – passing through [[Stewartstown, New Hampshire|Stewartstown]]<br/> [[Maine]] – passing just south of [[Dexter, Maine|Dexter]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|67|4|W|type:waterbody|name=Passamaquoddy Bay}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Passamaquoddy Bay]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|67|0|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
! scope="row" | {{CAN}}
| [[Deer Island (New Brunswick)|Deer Island]], [[New Brunswick]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|66|57|W|type:waterbody|name=Bay of Fundy}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Bay of Fundy]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Territorial waters of Canada
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|65|10|W|type:country|name=Canada}}
! scope="row" | {{CAN}}
| [[Nova Scotia]] – passing just north of [[Fort Edward (Nova Scotia)|Fort Edward]]
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | {{Coord|45|0|N|61|57|W|type:waterbody|name=Atlantic Ocean}}
! scope="row" style="background:#b0e0e6;" | [[Atlantic Ocean]]
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| {{Coord|45|0|N|1|12|W|type:country|name=France}}
! scope="row" | {{FRA}}
| [[Aquitaine]] – passing just north of [[Bordeaux]]
|-
|}

==Europe==
[[File:Suncanik Senj 45 paralela 07.jpg|right|thumb|[[Sundial]] at the 45th parallel in [[Senj]], [[Croatia]].]]
[[File:Почтовая карточка 75 лет КРО РГО.jpg|right|thumb|The mark at the 45th parallel in [[Krasnodar]], [[Russia]] on postal card.]]
In [[Europe]] the 45th parallel hits the [[Bay of Biscay]] coast of [[France]] in the west. It crosses the river [[Rhône]] at [[Pont-de-l'Isère]], just north of [[Valence, Drôme]] and through [[Grenoble]]. It then continues across the [[Massif Central]] and into the [[Aquitaine]] region.  The city of [[Bordeaux]] is just south of the parallel. East of Bordeaux, in the municipality of Saint Seurin sur l'Isle, it intersects the Prime Meridian in the corner of an unremarkable field by the side of the A89 highway. There is no marker or other indication of this singular point on the parallel. It can, however, be visited easily by taking secondary roads from Saint Seurin and consulting a standard GPS signal.

In northern [[Italy]] it parallels the river [[Po (river)|Po]], near [[Rovigo]], passing by the southern province of [[Mantua|Mantova]],  [[Piacenza]] in [[Emilia-Romagna]], [[Voghera]], then just south of [[Turin]] before passing into [[France]] in the [[Cottian Alps]].

Further east it passes through the [[Balkans]]: [[Romania]] (just north of [[Ploiești]], and through [[Târgu Jiu]]), the [[Serbia]]n autonomous province of [[Vojvodina]], the eastern tip of [[Croatia]], the northern edge of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and a section of [[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic]] Croatia. The capital city of [[Serbia]] – [[Belgrade]] is just south of the parallel.

In Russia it runs from the west coast of the Caspian Sea to the east coast of the [[Black Sea]], through the [[Kalmykia|Republic of Kalmykia]], [[Stavropol Krai]] and its capital [[Stavropol]], and [[Krasnodar Krai]] and its capital [[Krasnodar]].  In [[Ukraine]] it crosses the [[Crimean Peninsula|Crimea]] and its capital [[Simferopol]].

==Asia==

After leaving Russia the parallel passes through southern [[Kazakhstan]], skirting the northern edge of the [[Ustyurt Plateau]]. It intersects the city of [[Burylbaytal]] at the southern tip of [[Lake Balkhash]] and the city of [[Qyzylorda]] further west.  At the border with [[Uzbekistan]] it bisects the [[Aral Sea]] and its toxic [[Vozrozhdeniya Island]] peninsula, site of an abandoned Soviet [[bioweapons]] laboratory.

In [[northwest China]] it passes through the [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]] in [[Xinjiang]] and the oil city of [[Karamay]]. Transecting southern [[Mongolia]] it passes through the provinces of [[Sükhbaatar Province|Sükhbaatar]], [[Dornogovi Province|Dornogovi]] (and its capital [[Sainshand]]), [[Dundgovi Province|Dundgovi]], [[Övörkhangai Province|Övörkhangai]], [[Bayankhongor Province|Bayankhongor]], [[Govi-Altai Province|Govi-Altai]], and [[Khovd Province|Khovd]].  At [[Khanka Lake]] it enters [[northeast China]], cutting across [[Heilongjiang]] and continuing through part of [[Jilin]] and eastern [[Inner Mongolia]].

It leaves the Asian mainland on the coast of [[Primorsky Krai]] in [[Russia]], north of [[Vladivostok]] and continues through the northern part of the [[Sea of Japan]]. It passes through [[Rishiri-Rebun-Sarobetsu National Park]] and the adjacent town of [[Horonobe]] on the northern tip of [[Hokkaidō]], the northernmost of [[Japan]]'s main islands, before heading east across the North Pacific Ocean.
 
==North America==
[[File:45th parallel US Canada.svg|thumb|200px|right|The part of the 45th parallel called the [[Collins–Valentine line]] defines part of the international border between [[Quebec]], [[Canada]], and [[New York (state)|New York]] and [[Vermont]], [[United States]].]]
[[File:45th parallel US.svg|thumb|200px|right|The 45th parallel defines most of the border between [[Montana]] and [[Wyoming]] in the [[United States]].]]

Throughout the United States the parallel is marked in many places on highways by a sign proclaiming that the location is halfway between the North Pole and the equator.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.concordmonitor.com/45th-latitutde-north-parallel-equator-north-pole-10824007|title=Concord Monitor: "New Hampshire is halfway between the equator and the North Pole – just don't ask where"|website=concordmonitor.com|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Brown|first=K. Williams |date=July 10, 2011|title=The beauty of halfwayism|page=5D|work=[[Statesman Journal]]|location=Salem, Oregon|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/21727397/cities_on_the_45th_parallel_n/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|access-date=July 9, 2018}} {{free access}}</ref><ref group="N">Due to the fact that the [[Earth radius|Earth's equatorial radius is not exactly the same as its polar radius]], the 45th parallel line is not exactly half way between the equator and the north pole when traversing the surface of the Earth. The 45th parallel line represents a perfect [[angle bisector]] between the equator and the north pole when seen from the Earth's center. See [[:File:45th-south.JPG| this image of a sign on the 45th parallel south]] for exact distance values.</ref>

The 45th parallel forms some boundaries of or passes through many U.S. states: [[Oregon]], [[Idaho]], [[Montana]], [[Wyoming]], [[South Dakota]], [[Minnesota]], [[Wisconsin]], [[Michigan]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Vermont]], [[New Hampshire]] and [[Maine]], as well as going through the Canadian provinces of [[Ontario]], [[Quebec]], [[New Brunswick]] and [[Nova Scotia]]. The parallel once formed the northern boundary of the original [[Colony of Virginia]], as outlined in the [[London Company]] charter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/va01.asp|title=The First Charter of Virginia; April 10, 1606|website=The Avalon Project|date=2008}}</ref>

Going from west to east, the line makes landfall at the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] coast in Oregon. After crossing Idaho and the [[Rocky Mountains]], it makes up most of the boundary between Montana and Wyoming. It then passes through the [[Great Plains]] and continues further East directly through [[Minneapolis|Minneapolis, MN]].

In Michigan, the [[Old Mission Peninsula]] in [[Grand Traverse Bay]] ends just shy of the 45th parallel. Many guidebooks and signs at the [[Mission Point Lighthouse]] describe it as being halfway between the equator and north pole. When the Grand Traverse Bay recedes below normal level, it is possible to walk out to the exact line.

Further east, the 45th parallel roughly marks the [[Canada–United States border]] between the [[Saint Lawrence River|St. Lawrence]] and [[Connecticut River|Connecticut]] rivers, between the Canadian province of [[Quebec]] and the states of New York and Vermont. The parallel is sometimes called the "Canada line" or the [[Collins–Valentine line]].  After the [[Seven Years' War]], the 45th parallel was declared the boundary between New York and Quebec. Under the [[Webster–Ashburton Treaty]] of 1842, original measurement errors stand so that the boundary is not exactly at 45 degrees north but is where the survey monuments were erected in 1772. The actual boundary of Vermont lies approximately {{convert|1|km|ft}} north of the parallel due to an error in the 1772 survey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://townshipsheritage.com/article/canada-us-border|title=The Canada–U.S. Border – Townships Heritage WebMagazine|website=townshipsheritage.com|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref>

All of mainland [[New Brunswick]] lies north of the 45th parallel. Approximately two-thirds of [[Deer Island, New Brunswick|Deer Island]], plus all of [[Campobello Island, New Brunswick|Campobello]] and [[Grand Manan]] islands, are south of the 45th parallel.

The parallel roughly bisects [[Nova Scotia peninsula|mainland Nova Scotia]]. [[Metropolitan Halifax|Halifax]] is approximately {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of the parallel.

<gallery>
File:45th Parallel I-5 Keizer OR.jpg|Marker on Interstate 5 near [[Keizer, Oregon]]
File:45thParallelRosevilleMN.jpg|45th parallel marker in [[Roseville, Minnesota]], a suburb of St Paul
File:45th parallel north.png|[[New Hampshire historical marker]] ([[List of New Hampshire historical markers (101–125)#115|number 115]]) for the 45th parallel
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[45th parallel south]]
*[[44th parallel north]]
*[[46th parallel north]]
*[[45×90 points]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group="N"}}

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.mnmuseumofthems.org/45th/ The 45th Parallel] at the [http://www.mnmuseumofthems.org/index.html Minnesota Museum of the Mississippi and Other Natural Wonders]
*From the [https://archive.today/20000819115658/http://www.go.ednet.ns.ca/~mag/ Minas Astronomy Group]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20060502045609/http://www.go.ednet.ns.ca/~mag/files/midway.htm Midway from the Equator to the North Pole]
*[https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&t=h&source=embed&oe=UTF8&msa=0&msid=106056116777806341023.0004698045acde8f2e0a1&dg=feature 45th Parallel Markers]
*[http://www.confluence.org/ Degree Confluence Project]
{{Clear}}
{{geographical coordinates|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:45th Parallel North}}
[[Category:Circles of latitude|n45]]
[[Category:Canada–United States border]]
[[Category:Borders of Montana]]
[[Category:Borders of Wyoming]]