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{{Short description|1992 chess tournament in Manila, Philippines}}[[File:1992 Chess Olympiad stamp of the Philippines.jpg|thumb|The 30th Chess Olympiad on a 1992 stamp of the Philippines, which also commemorates the [[World Chess Championship 1978]] held in the country.]]

[[File:Manila olympiad.jpg|thumb| Ticket for 30th Chess Olympiad with logo for the event.]]

The '''30th [[Chess Olympiad]]''', organized by [[Fédération Internationale des Échecs|FIDE]] and comprising an open<ref>Although commonly referred to as the ''men's division'', this section is open to both male and female players.</ref> and a women's tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of [[chess]], took place between June 7 and June 25, 1992, at the [[Philippine International Convention Center]] in [[Pasay]], [[Metro Manila]], [[Philippines]].


Following the [[revolutions of 1989|fall of the Iron Curtain]], the field of competitors was quite different from previous Olympiads. Twelve of the 15 former Soviet republics now competed as independent nations, and they all finished in the top half. Meanwhile, an all-German team was present for the first time since World War II. Of the former Yugoslav republics, Croatia, Bosnia, and Slovenia appeared independently; Serbia-Montenegro and Macedonia did not. This Olympiad also marked the final appearance of Czechoslovakia and the re-appearance of South Africa.

With the Soviet team a thing of the past, all three medal ranks were now occupied by different ex-Soviet teams. Russia, captained by world champion Kasparov, took up the illustrious legacy of their predecessor and won by four points. Uzbekistan's silver was a small surprise; the Armenian bronze less so.




==Open event==

One-hundred-two teams from 100 different nations played a 14-round [[Swiss system tournament]]. One-hundred-four teams were signed up, but Yemen and Kenya never showed up, both forfeited their first two matches and were subsequently eliminated. Once again, the host nation had the right to field two additional teams.

In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. The [[Buchholz system]]; 2. Match points; and 3. The [[Neustadtl score|Sonneborn-Berger system]].

:{| class="wikitable"
|+ Open event
! # !! Country !! Players !! Average<br/>rating !! Points
|-
| style="background:gold;"|1 || '''{{flag|Russia|1991}}''' || '''[[Garry Kasparov|Kasparov]], [[Alexander Khalifman|Khalifman]], [[Sergei Dolmatov|Dolmatov]], [[Alexei Dreev|Dreev]], [[Vladimir Kramnik|Kramnik]], [[Alexey Vyzmanavin|Vyzmanavin]]''' || '''2648''' || '''39'''
|-
| style="background:silver;"|2 || {{UZB}} || [[Valery Loginov|Loginov]], [[Grigory Serper|Serper]], [[Alexander Nenashev|Nenashev]], [[Sergey Zagrebelny|Zagrebelny]], [[Mihail Saltaev|Saltaev]], [[Saidali Iuldachev|Iuldachev]] || 2514 || 35
|-
| style="background:#cc9966;"|3 || {{ARM}} || [[Rafael Vaganian|Vaganian]], [[Vladimir Akopian|Akopian]], [[Smbat Lputian|Lputian]], [[Artashes Minasian|Minasian]], [[Arshak Petrosian|Petrosian]], [[Ashot Anastasian|Anastasian]] || 2575 || 34½
|}
:{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! # !! Country !! Average<br/>rating !! Points !! Buchholz !! MP
|-
| 4 || {{USA}} || 2611 || 34 ||  || 
|-
| 5 || {{LAT}} || 2566 || 33½ || 450.0 || 
|-
| 6 || {{ISL}} || 2544 || 33½ || 443.0 || 
|-
| 7 || {{CRO}} || 2523 || 33½ || 440.0 || 
|-
| 8 || {{flagcountry|GEO|1990}} || 2560 || 33 || 450.0 || 
|-
| 9 || {{UKR}} || 2629 || 33 || 449.5 || 
|-
| 10 || {{ENG}} || 2638 || 33 || 444.5 || 
|-
| 11 || {{ISR}} || 2544 || 32½ || 450.0 || 
|-
| 12 || {{flagcountry|BIH|1992}} || 2599 || 32½ || 443.5 || 
|-
| 13 || {{GER}} || 2580 || 32½ || 433.5 || 
|-
| 14 || {{CSK}} || 2536 || 32½ || 432.0 || 
|-
| 15 || {{SUI}} || 2488 || 32½ || 425.5 || 
|-
| 16 || {{CHN}} || 2523 || 32½ || 408.5 || 
|-
| 17 || {{HUN}} || 2588 || 32 || 447.0 || 
|-
| 18 || {{SWE}} || 2551 || 32 || 440.0 || 
|-
| 19 || {{BUL}} || 2541 || 32 || 430.5 || 
|-
| 20 || {{COL}} || 2448 || 32 || 420.5 || 
|-
| 21 || {{SLO}} || 2439 || 32 || 409.5 || 
|-
| 22 || {{IND}} || 2531 || 31½ ||  || 
|-
| 23 || {{NED}} || 2584 || 31 || 457.5 || 
|-
| 24 || {{flag|Lithuania|1988}} || 2530 || 31 || 439.0 || 
|-
| 25 || {{EST}} || 2525 || 31 || 426.5 || 
|-
| 26 || {{PER}} || 2584 || 31 || 422.5 || 
|-
| 27 || {{FRA}} || 2521 || 31 || 419.0 || 
|-
| 28 || {{BRA}} || 2476 || 31 || 414.0 || 
|-
| 29 || {{ITA}} || 2430 || 30½ || 423.5 || 
|-
| 30 || {{flag|Turkmenistan|1992}} || 2284 || 30½ || 405.5 || 
|-
| 31 || {{flagcountry|PHI|1986}} || 2478 || 30½ || 404.5 || 
|-
| 32 || {{POL}} || 2480 || 30 || 425.5 || 16
|-
| 33 || {{NOR}} || 2429 || 30 || 425.5 || 14
|-
| 34 || {{ARG}} || 2483 || 30 || 423.0 || 
|-
| 35 || {{MDA}} || 2490 || 30 || 421.5 || 
|-
| 36 || {{ROM}} || 2485 || 30 || 414.5 || 
|-
| 37 || {{TUR}} || 2363 || 30 || 396.5 || 
|-
| 38 || {{KGZ}} || 2429 || 29½ || 428.0 || 
|-
| 39 || {{GRE}} || 2490 || 29½ || 420.5 || 
|-
| 40 || {{INA}} || 2424 || 29½ || 414.5 || 
|-
| 41 || {{ESP}} || 2483 || 29½ || 411.0 || 
|-
| 42 || {{flagcountry|PHI|1986}} "C" || 2355 || 29½ || 407.5 || 
|-
| 43 || {{POR}} || 2440 || 29½ || 404.5 || 
|-
| 44 || {{flagcountry|PHI|1986}} "B" || 2399 || 29½ || 401.0 || 
|-
| 45 || {{KAZ}} || 2376 || 29 || 416.5 || 
|-
| 46 || {{AUS}} || 2473 || 29 || 416.0 || 
|-
| 47 || {{AUT}} || 2355 || 29 || 407.0 || 
|-
| 48 || {{DEN}} || 2436 || 28½ || 411.0 || 
|-
| 49 || {{FIN}} || 2440 || 28½ || 410.5 || 
|-
| 50 || {{BEL}} || 2454 || 28½ || 401.0 || 
|-
| 51 || {{MEX}} || 2465 || 28½ || 395.5 || 
|-
| 52 || {{SIN}} || 2391 || 28½ || 395.0 || 
|-
| 53 || {{VIE}} || 2243 || 28½ || 390.5 || 
|-
| 54 || {{CAN}} || 2435 || 28½ || 385.0 || 
|-
| 55 || {{SCO}} || 2424 || 28 || 404.0 || 
|-
| 56 || {{flag|Tunisia|1959}} || 2331 || 28 || 387.0 || 
|-
| 57 || {{CHI}} || 2399 || 27½ || 402.5 || 
|-
| 58 || {{MGL}} || 2316 || 27½ || 398.0 || 
|-
| 59 || {{AND}} || 2260 || 27½ || 363.0 || 
|-
| 60 || {{BAN}} || 2183 || 27½ || 350.0 || 
|-
| 61 || {{NZL}} || 2341 || 27 || 390.5 || 
|-
| 62 || {{flagcountry|PUR|1952}} || 2249 || 27 || 369.0 || 
|-
| 63 || {{flagcountry|RSA|1982}} || 2064 || 27 || 349.0 || 
|-
| 64 || {{EGY}} || 2388 || 26½ || 397.5 || 
|-
| 65 || {{FRO}} || 2266 || 26½ || 384.5 || 
|-
| 66 || {{ALG}} || 2304 || 26½ || 374.0 || 
|-
| 67 || {{UAE}} || 2060 || 26½ || 373.0 || 
|-
| 68 || {{SRI}} || 2136 || 26½ || 359.0 || 
|-
| 69 || {{LIB}} || 2111 || 26½ || 355.5 || 
|-
| 70 || {{PAK}} || 2106 || 26 || 388.0 || 
|-
| 71 || {{LUX}} || 2263 || 26 || 379.5 || 
|-
| 72 || {{flagcountry|JPN|1947}} || 2121 || 26 || 366.0 || 15
|-
| 73 || {{THA}} || 2136 || 26 || 366.0 || 12
|-
| 74 || {{ANG}} || 2263 || 26 || 361.0 || 
|-
| 75 || {{WAL}} || 2298 || 25½ || 384.5 || 
|-
| 76 || {{NGR}} || 2051 || 25½ || 372.0 || 
|-
| 77 || {{MAR}} || 2285 || 25½ || 366.5 || 13
|-
| 78 || {{MYS}} || 2171 || 25½ || 366.5 || 11
|-
| 79 || {{QAT}} || 2073 || 25½ || 358.0 || 
|-
| 80 || {{NCA}} || 2065 || 25½ || 349.0 || 
|-
| 81 || {{flagcountry|SMR|1862}} || 2103 || 25½ || 334.5 || 
|-
| 82 || {{IRL}} || 2311 || 25 || 381.5 || 
|-
| 83 || {{UGA}} || 2280 || 25 || 346.0 || 
|-
| 84 || {{flagcountry|MRT|1959}} || 2051 || 25 || 318.5 || 
|-
| 85 || {{flagcountry|HKG|1959}} || 2274 || 24½ || 365.0 || 
|-
| 86 || {{BOT}} || 2161 || 24½ || 349.5 || 
|-
| 87 || {{AHO}} || 2000 || 24½ || 310.0 || 
|-
| 88 || {{flagcountry|CYP|1960}} || 2104 || 24 ||  || 
|-
| 89 || {{ZIM}} || 2051 || 23½ || 371.0 || 
|-
| 90 || {{LIE}} || 2053 || 23½ || 311.5 || 
|-
| 91 || {{PNG}} || 2103 || 23 || 335.0 || 
|-
| 92 || {{MLT}} || 2000 || 23 || 327.0 || 
|-
| 93 || {{JAM}} || 2110 || 22½ || 367.0 || 
|-
| 94 || {{GGY}} and {{JEY}} || 2000 || 22½ || 317.5 || 
|-
| 95 || {{MLI}} || 2051 || 22 || 317.0 || 
|-
| 96 || {{BRN}} || 2000 || 22 || 306.5 || 
|-
| 97 || {{VIR}} || 2054 || 21½ ||  || 
|-
| 98 || {{flagcountry|PLE}} || 2000 || 21 ||  || 
|-
| 99 || {{FIJ}} || 2051 || 20½ ||  || 
|-
| 100 || {{BMU}} || 2138 || 18 ||  || 
|-
| 101 || {{ESA}} || 2123 || 16 ||  || 
|-
| 102 || {{flagcountry|SYC|1977}} || 2000 || 14 ||  || 
|}

===Individual medals===

* [[Performance rating (chess)|Performance rating]]: {{flagicon|RUS|1991}} [[Vladimir Kramnik]] 2958
* Board 1: {{flagicon|RUS|1991}} [[Garry Kasparov]] 8½ / 10 = 85.0%
* Board 2: {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Jaime Sunye Neto]] 8 / 10 = 80.0%
* Board 3: {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Alexander Nenashev]] 9½ / 12 = 79.2%
* Board 4: {{flagicon|ESA}} [[Gustavo Zelaya]] 9 / 10 = 90.0%
* 1st reserve: {{flagicon|RUS|1991}} [[Vladimir Kramnik]] 8½ / 9 = 94.4%
* 2nd reserve: {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Ognjen Cvitan]] 8 / 10 = 80.0%

===Best game===

The Brilliancy prize (along with around $4,000) went to [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1070629 Garry Kasparov (Russia) - Predrag Nikolić (Bosnia and Herzegovina)] from round 12.

==Women's event<span class="anchor" id="Women's results"></span>==

Sixty-two teams from 61 different nations (including Philippines "B") played a 14-round [[Swiss system tournament]]. Morocco and Zimbabwe were signed up, but didn't show up for their first round matches and were disqualified. Their first three matches were listed as forfeit, after which they were officially withdrawn.

In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided by 1. The [[Buchholz system]]; 2. Match points; and 3. The [[Neustadtl score|Sonneborn-Berger system]].

Like the open event, the first women's tournament after the dissolution of the Soviet Union was dominated by the former Soviet republics. The Georgian team with two former world champions, Chiburdanidze and Gaprindashvili, took the gold, ahead of Ukraine and China, the latter led by reigning world champion Xie Jun. Defending champions Hungary, once again without any of the famous Polgar sisters, had to settle for fourth place.

:{| class="wikitable"
! # !! Country !! Players !! Average<br/>rating !! Points
|-
| style="background:gold;"|1 || '''{{flagcountry|GEO|1990}}''' || '''[[Maia Chiburdanidze|Chiburdanidze]], [[Nona Gaprindashvili|Gaprindashvili]], [[Nana Ioseliani|Ioseliani]], [[Nino Gurieli|Gurieli]]''' || '''2460''' || '''30½'''
|-
| style="background:silver;"|2 || {{UKR}} || [[Alisa Galliamova|Galliamova-Ivanchuk]], [[Marta Litinskaya-Shul|Litinskaya]], [[Irina Chelushkina|Chelushkina]], [[Lidia Semenova|Semenova]] || 2373 || 29
|-
| style="background:#cc9966;"|3 || {{CHN}} || [[Xie Jun]], [[Peng Zhaoqin]], [[Wang Pin]], [[Qin Kanying]] || 2398 || 28½
|}
:{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! # !! Country !! Average<br/>rating !! Points !! Buchholz
|-
| 4 || {{HUN}} || 2343 || 26½ || 
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Russia|1991}} || 2347 || 26 || 
|-
| 6 || {{ROM}} || 2317 || 25 || 350.0
|-
| 7 || {{AZE}} || 2293 || 25 || 342.0
|-
| 8 || {{KAZ}} || 2277 || 24½ || 347.0
|-
| 9 || {{USA}} || 2353 || 24½ || 346.5
|-
| 10 || {{CSK}} || 2247 || 24 || 338.0
|-
| 11 || {{EST}} || 2232 || 24 || 324.5
|-
| 12 || {{LAT}} || 2220 || 24 || 304.0
|-
| 13 || {{POL}} || 2308 || 23½ || 322.5
|-
| 14 || {{BUL}} || 2280 || 23½ || 313.5
|-
| 15 || {{KGZ}} || 2215 || 23 || 328.5
|-
| 16 || {{flag|Lithuania|1988}} || 2187 || 23 || 312.0
|-
| 17 || {{MDA}} || 2158 || 23 || 310.5
|-
| 18 || {{INA}} || 2047 || 22½ || 310.0
|-
| 19 || {{SUI}} || 2245 || 22½ || 309.0
|-
| 20 || {{GRE}} || 2285 || 22½ || 303.5
|-
| 21 || {{flag|Turkmenistan|1992}} || 2000 || 22½ || 295.5
|-
| 22 || {{ENG}} || 2263 || 22 || 312.5
|-
| 23 || {{MGL}} || 2078 || 22 || 305.5
|-
| 24 || {{IND}} || 2148 || 22 || 302.5
|-
| 25 || {{ISR}} || 2175 || 22 || 302.0
|-
| 26 || {{SLO}} || 2065 || 22 || 299.5
|-
| 27 || {{BAN}} || 2002 || 22 || 264.0
|-
| 28 || {{NED}} || 2208 || 21½ || 320.0
|-
| 29 || {{ARG}} || 2240 || 21½ || 306.0
|-
| 30 || {{CRO}} || 2223 || 21½ || 301.0
|-
| 31 || {{flagcountry|BIH|1992}} || 2135 || 21½ || 294.5
|-
| 32 || {{SWE}} || 2102 || 21½ || 292.5
|-
| 33 || {{ARM}} || 2175 || 21½ || 292.0
|-
| 34 || {{VIE}} || 2082 || 21½ || 288.5
|-
| 35 || {{BRA}} || 2088 || 21½ || 277.0
|-
| 36 || {{GER}} || 2252 || 21 || 326.5
|-
| 37 || {{NOR}} || 2083 || 21 || 298.0
|-
| 38 || {{AUS}} || 2050 || 21 || 289.5
|-
| 39 || {{flagcountry|PHI|1986}} || 2012 || 21 || 262.5
|-
| 40 || {{AUT}} || 2062 || 20 || 302.5
|-
| 41 || {{ESP}} || 2225 || 20 || 294.5
|-
| 42 || {{SCO}} || 2013 || 20 || 289.0
|-
| 43 || {{flag|Venezuela|1930}} || 2018 || 20 || 274.0
|-
| 44 || {{FIN}} || 2095 || 19½ || 302.0
|-
| 45 || {{CAN}} || 2072 || 19½ || 286.0
|-
| 46 || {{FRA}} || 2112 || 19½ || 284.5
|-
| 47 || {{MYS}} || 2008 || 19½ || 279.0
|-
| 48 || {{TUR}} || 2048 || 19½ || 267.5
|-
| 49 || {{POR}} || 2012 || 19½ || 250.0
|-
| 50 || {{ITA}} || 2000 || 19½ || 241.0
|-
| 51 || {{flagcountry|PHI|1986}} "B" || 2000 || 19½ || 238.5
|-
| 52 || {{MEX}} || 2033 || 19 || 275.0
|-
| 53 || {{WAL}} || 2060 || 19 || 246.5
|-
| 54 || {{ALG}} || 2002 || 18½ || 250.5
|-
| 55 || {{SIN}} || 2000 || 18½ || 237.5
|-
| 56 || {{SRI}} || 2000 || 17½ || 249.0
|-
| 57 || {{IRL}} || 2033 || 17½ || 233.5
|-
| 58 || {{NGR}} || 2000 || 14½ || 
|-
| 59 || {{ANG}} || 2002 || 11½ || 237.0
|-
| 60 || {{UAE}} || 2000 || 11½ || 235.5
|-
| 61 || {{NZL}} || 2012 || 11 || 
|-
| 62 || {{flagcountry|SYC|1977}} || 2000 || 5 || 
|}

===Individual medals===

* [[Performance rating (chess)|Performance rating]]: {{flagicon|GEO|1990}} [[Maia Chiburdanidze]] 2692
* Board 1: {{flagicon|GEO|1990}} [[Maia Chiburdanidze]] 11½ / 13 = 88.5%
* Board 2: {{flagicon|RUS|1991}} [[Svetlana Prudnikova]] 8½ / 11 = 77.3%
* Board 3: {{flagicon|GEO|1990}} [[Nana Ioseliani]] 10 / 12 = 83.3%
* Reserve: {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Suneetha Wijesuriya]] 6½ / 8 = 81.3%

==References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.olimpbase.org/1992/1992in.html 30th Chess Olympiad: Manila 1992] OlimpBase

{{Chess Olympiads}}

[[Category:Chess Olympiads|30]]
[[Category:Women's Chess Olympiads]]
[[Category:Chess in the Philippines|Olympiad 30]]
[[Category:Sport in Pasay|Chess Olympiad 30]]
[[Category:1992 in chess|Olympiad 30]]
[[Category:1992 in Philippine sport|Chess Olympiad 30]]