View source for 2S1 Gvozdika

{{Short description|Soviet 122 mm self-propelled howitzer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2023}}
{{infobox weapon <!--[[Template:Infobox]] weapon-->
| name               = 2S1 (SAU-122)
| image              = 6742 - Moscow - Poklonnaya Hill - Tank.JPG
| image_size         = 300px
| caption            = 
| origin             = Soviet Union
| type               = [[Self-propelled artillery]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged          = 
| is_artillery       = yes
| is_vehicle         = yes
<!-- Service history -->| service            = 1972–present
| used_by            = see [[#Operators|Operators]]
| wars               = [[Soviet–Afghan War]]<br />[[Iran–Iraq War]]<br />[[Gulf War]]<br />[[War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)]]<br />[[Yugoslav Wars]]<br />[[First Chechen War]]<br />[[Second Chechen War]]<br />[[Iraq War]]<br />[[Russo-Georgian War]]<br />[[First Libyan Civil War]]<br />[[Second Libyan Civil War]]<br />[[Syrian Civil War]]<br />[[Russo-Ukrainian War]]<br />[[Second Nagorno-Karabakh war]]<br />[[Tigray War]]
<!-- Production history -->| designer           = [[Kharkiv Tractor Plant]]
| design_date        = 1956–1961
| manufacturer       = 
| unit_cost          = 
| production_date    = 1971–1991
| number             = 10,000+
| variants           = see Variants
<!-- General specifications -->| spec_label         = 
| weight             = {{convert|16|t|abbr=on}}
| length             = {{convert|7.26|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| part_length        = {{convert|4.27|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref>Investments, M. (n.d.). 2S1-gvozdika. Mortar. Retrieved November 13, 2022, from https://mortarinvestments.eu/catalog/item/2s1-gvozdika</ref>
| width              = {{convert|2.85|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height             = {{convert|2.73|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| diameter           = 
| crew               = 4
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->| cartridge          = 122 x 447mm .R<br /> separate loading, [[Shell (projectile)#Separate loading cased charge|cased charge]]
| cartridge_weight   = 
| caliber            = {{convert|122|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| barrels            = 
| action             = 
| rate               = Maximum: 5 rpm<br />Sustained: 1–2 rpm
| velocity           = {{convert|680|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}
| range              = 
| max_range          = Conventional: {{convert|15.3|km|mi|abbr=on}}<br />Extended: {{convert|21.9|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| feed               = 
| sights             = <!-- Artillery specifications -->
| breech             = Horizontal [[Rifled breech loader#The sliding block|sliding-wedge]], semi-automatic
| recoil             = 
| carriage           = 
| elevation          = -3 to +70 degrees
| traverse           = 360 degrees
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->| armour             = {{convert|7-20|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| primary_armament   = [[2A18]] {{convert|122|mm|in|abbr=on}} howitzer
| secondary_armament = 
| engine             = YaMZ-238N diesel
| engine_power       = {{convert|220|kW|abbr=on}}
| pw_ratio           = 
| transmission       = 
| payload_capacity   = 
| suspension         = torsion bar
| clearance          = 
| fuel_capacity      = 
| vehicle_range      = {{convert|500|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| speed              = Road: {{convert|60|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<br />Off-road: {{convert|30|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}<br />Swim: {{convert|4.5|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| guidance           = 
| steering           = 
}}
The '''2S1 ''Gvozdika''''' ({{langx|ru|link=no|2С1 «Гвоздика»}}, "[[Dianthus caryophyllus|Carnation]]") is a Soviet [[Self-propelled artillery|self-propelled howitzer]] introduced in 1972 and is in service in Russia and other countries {{As of|2025|lc=y}}. It is based on the [[MT-LBu]] multi-purpose chassis, mounting a [[122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)|122&nbsp;mm 2A18]] howitzer. "2S1" is its [[GRAU]] designation. An alternative Russian designation is SAU-122, but in the Russian Army it is commonly known as ''Gvozdika''. The 2S1 is fully [[Amphibious vehicle|amphibious]] with very little preparation, and once afloat is propelled by its tracks. A variety of track widths are available to allow the 2S1 to operate in snow or swamp conditions. It is [[CBRN defense|NBC]] protected and has infrared night-vision capability.

The 2S1 was developed in [[Kharkiv]], [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]]. It has seven road wheels on each side; the running gear can be fitted with different widths of track to match terrain. The interior is separated into a driver's compartment on the left, an engine compartment on the right and a fighting compartment to the rear. Within the fighting compartment the commander sits on the left, the loader on the right and the gunner to the front. The all-welded turret is located above the fighting compartment. The 2S1 uses a 122&nbsp;mm howitzer based on the towed D-30 howitzer. The gun is equipped with a power rammer, a double-baffle [[muzzle brake]] and a [[fume extractor]]. It is capable of firing HE (high explosive), [[Cluster bomb#Leaflet dispensing|leaflet]], [[Rocket Assisted Projectile|HE/RAP]], armor-piercing HE, [[flechette]] and chemical rounds.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armscontrol.ru/atmtc/Arms_systems/Land/Artillery/Self_Propelled/Self_Prop_Art_Mortars.htm#2s9 |title=Self Propelled Artillery and Mortars |author=Marat Kenzhetaev |year=1998 |work=armscontrol.ru |publisher=MIPT Center for Arms Control, Energy and Environmental Studies |access-date=3 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110045031/http://www.armscontrol.ru/atmtc/Arms_systems/Land/Artillery/Self_Propelled/Self_Prop_Art_Mortars.htm#2s9 |archive-date=10 January 2010 }}</ref>

== Production history ==
The first prototype was ready in 1958. The 2S1 entered service with the [[Soviet Army]] in the early 1970s and was first seen in public at a [[Polish Army]] parade in 1974. The vehicle was deployed in large numbers (72 per tank [[division (military)|division]], 36 per motorized rifle [[division (military)|division]]). It was designated the M1974 by the U.S. Army and manufactured in Soviet, Polish and Bulgarian state factories.

== Variants ==

=== Iran ===
* '''Raad-1''' ('Thunder') – Iranian variant based on the hull of the [[Boragh]] APC.

=== Myanmar ===
* '''2S1U''' – In March 2019, a Ukrainian company, the Great Export Import Company, and the Myanmar military have signed a joint-venture agreement to build a plant capable of manufacturing armored personnel carriers (APCs) and self-propelled howitzers. The types of APCs that will be made in the plant are said to be eight-wheeled BTR-4Us while the howitzers will be 2S1Us, which are based on the MT-LBu multipurpose chassis.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 March 2019 |title=myanmar-ukrainian firming aims plant deal |url=https://asiatimes.com/2019/03/myanmar-ukrainian-firm-ink-arms-plant-deal/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Joint venture to supply Ukrainian APCs to Myanmar army {{pipe}} March 2019 Global Defense Security army news industry {{pipe}} Defense Security global news industry army 2019 {{pipe}} Archive News year |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/march_2019_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/joint_venture_to_supply_ukrainian_apcs_to_myanmar_army.amp.html |website=www.armyrecognition.com}}</ref>

=== Poland ===
The 2S1 Gvozdika, and other related vehicles such as the [[MT-LB]] and [[Opal (armoured personnel carrier)|Opal]], were produced in Poland by [[Huta Stalowa Wola]] under the name 2S1 Goździk.
* '''2S1M ''Goździk''''' – Version with special amphibious kit that increases the vehicle's amphibious capabilities.
* '''2S1T ''Goździk''''' – Version with a TOPAZ digital fire control system from [[WB Electronics]]. The system consists of a FONET-IP digital intercom system, new digital radio, military GPS receiver, military computer and dedicated software. The same system is used on other Polish Armed Forces artillery systems like the [[AHS Krab]], [[152mm SpGH DANA|Dana]]-T and [[WR-40 Langusta]].

=== Romania ===
* '''OAPR model 89''' (''Obuzierul autopropulsat românesc, model 89'') – Romanian variant combining the 2S1 Gvozdika's turret and a modified version of the [[MLI-84]]'s chassis. Designed around 1978, it was produced between 1987 and 1992. Also, it is simply known as ''Model 89''.<ref>http://www.worldwar2.ro/documents/004-artileria-romana-in-date-si-imagini.pdf p. 164</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2018 |title=Obuzierul Autopropulsat Românesc, Model 1989 |url=https://tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar-romania-model-89/}}</ref>

=== Russia ===

* '''[[2S34 Khosta]]''' – Modernisation of the 2S1 with the 122&nbsp;mm [[2A31]] gun replaced by the 120&nbsp;mm [[2A80-1]] [[gun-mortar]]. Further improvements include a new Malakhit [[fire control system]], a battlefield observation system and the ability to fire the [[Kitolov-2M]] guided ammunition. One unit, the [[21st Guards Motor Rifle Brigade]] in [[Totskoye]], is currently{{When?|date=July 2024}} being equipped with the system.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

=== Serbia ===
* '''2S1 modernized''' - The modernization is being carried out on the basis of the 122&nbsp;mm towed howitzer of the Serbian modernization program. Project "SORA 122mm" and NORA B-52. Where the truck platform was abandoned, which was used by the prototype version of the "SORA 122mm" system in favor of a much better, crawler platform 2S1 Gvozdika system. The action was made possible by two new projectiles and an increased range of about 40% from {{convert|15,200|to|22,000|m|mi|abbr=on}}. A new ballistic computer and fire control system make it much faster to prepare for action. There is also a new inertial navigation system,  GPRS, as well as the possibility of action, multiple projectiles in one point, MRSI. Thus, it was achieved that with one 2S1 Gvozdika system, in the system of MRSI action in one point, 6 projectiles can be fired in one minute; the modernized 2S1 Gvozdika is much improved. For better defense, a turret with a 12.7 mm machine gun was added. In 2021, the first modernized 2S1 Gvozdika system battery was inducted into service with the Serbian Army.

=== Soviet Union ===
*'''[[2S15 Norov]]''' – A prototype tank destroyer equipped with a radar-based fire control system and a 100&nbsp;mm gun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=САУ 2С15 "Норов". СССР |url=http://alternathistory.org.ua/2s15-norov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421121231/http://alternathistory.org.ua/2s15-norov |archive-date=21 April 2014 |access-date=9 May 2014}}</ref>
* '''[[UR-77 Meteorit]]''' – Mine clearing vehicle with launcher for [[mine-clearing line charge]]s.

=== Ukraine ===
* '''Kevlar-E''' – [[Infantry fighting vehicle]] based on the 2S1 platform, equipped with Shturm [[remote weapon station]] and room for 6 passengers in addition to the 3 crew. The original {{convert|220|kW|hp|abbr=on}} V8 diesel engine has been replaced with a {{convert|310|kW|hp|abbr=on}} diesel engine produced by [[Caterpillar Inc.|Caterpillar]], [[Cummins]] or [[Deutz AG|Deutz]], increasing the maximum road speed to {{convert|70|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. The vehicle is amphibious and has air conditioning, a fire detection and suppression system, an [[CBRN defense|NBC]] system, navigation system, and night-vision equipment. The variant was first introduced in April 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Foss|first1=Christopher F|title=Ukraine re-roles 2S1 SPH for infantry combat|url=http://www.janes.com/article/79654|website=IHS Jane's 360|access-date=5 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501230722/http://www.janes.com/article/79654/ukraine-re-roles-2s1-sph-for-infantry-combat|archive-date=1 May 2018|location=London|date=29 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The prototype has been fighting in the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Axe|first1=David|title=Ukraine Made Exactly One Oddball Kevlar-E Fighting Vehicle. It's Been Battling Around Kharkiv For A Year.|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/03/28/ukraine-made-exactly-one-oddball-kevlar-e-fighting-vehicle-its-been-fighting-around-kharkiv-for-a-year/|website=Forbes|access-date=29 March 2023|date=28 March 2023}}</ref>
* On January 21, 2025, the [[Ministry of Defence (Denmark)|Danish Ministry of Defense]] quietly added the 2S1 Gvozdika 122mm self-propelled howitzer to its list of military donations to Ukraine. The quantity remains unspecified, and the origin of these systems has not been disclosed.<ref>https://armyrecognition.com/focus-analysis-conflicts/army/conflicts-in-the-world/russia-ukraine-war-2022/exclusive-denmark-strengthens-ukraines-artillery-with-a-discreet-delivery-of-2s1-gvozdika-self-propelled-howitzers</ref>

=== Vietnam ===
* '''PTH-01/122''' – Locally made version of 2S1 Gvozdika, currently undergone testing.

== Operators ==
[[File:2S1 operators.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Map of 2S1 operators: {{legend|#0360d5|Current}}{{legend|#d2041e|Former}}]]
[[File:2S1_Gvozdika_Vojske_Srbije_2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Serbian Army]] 2S1 Gvozdika modernized ]]
[[File:2S1 Gvozdika in artillery range.JPG|thumb|right|[[Polish Land Forces]] 2S1 Gvozdika at artillery range]]
[[File:2S1_Model_1989.jpg|thumb|right|Romanian ''Model 89'', using the 2S1's turret on the [[MLI-84]]'s chassis]]
[[File:У Києві на Хрещатику пройшов військовий парад з нагоди 27-ї річниці Незалежності України (29384512417).jpg|thumb|2S1 Gvozdika in [[Kyiv]] during the parade for the 27th anniversary of the [[Declaration of Independence of Ukraine]].]]
[[File:M1974-sp-howitzer-19910304.jpg|thumb|right|An [[Ba'athist Iraq|Iraqi]] 2S1 Gvozdika lies stranded in the desert after being deserted by Iraqi forces during the [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]]'s [[Operation Desert Storm]].]]

===Current operators===
* {{ALG}} – 140 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=343}}
* {{flag|Angola}} − 9+ as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=471}}
* {{ARM}} – 9 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=178}}
* {{AZE}} − 68 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=180}}
* {{BLR}} – 125 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=183}}
* {{BUL}} – 48 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=77}}
* {{CHA}} – 10 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=481}}
* {{flag|Congo-Brazzaville}} − 3 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=482}}
* {{flag|Congo-Kinshasa}} − 6 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=486}}
* {{CUB}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=428}}
* {{CRO}} – 8 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=79}}
* {{ERI}} – 32 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=490}}
* {{ETH}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=491}}
* {{FIN}} – 54 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=89}}
* {{GEO}} − 20 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=185}}
** ''{{flag|South Ossetia}}''{{cn|date=January 2024}}
* {{flag|Hezbollah}} − Used in Syria{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=369}}
* {{IRN}} − 60+ 2S1 and Raad-1 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=353}}
* {{KAZ}} – 60 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=186}}
* {{KUR}} − Unknown number operated by the [[Peshmerga]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The Military Balance 2016|date=February 2016|volume=116|isbn=9781857438352|publisher=Routledge |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |page=491}}</ref>
* {{KGZ}} − 18 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=188}}
* {{LBY}} − Used by the [[Libyan National Army]]{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=371}}
* {{POL}} – 206 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=125}}
* {{ROM}} − 6 2S1 and 34 Model 89 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=131}}
* {{RUS}} – 130 used by the Ground Forces, 85 used by the Naval Infantry, plus an unknown amount operated by the [[1st Army Corps (Russia)|1st Army Corps]], [[2nd Army Corps (Russia)|2nd Army Corps]], and border guards. Estimated to have 1,800 in storage as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|pages=193,198,201,205}}
* {{SRB}} – 67 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=133}}
* {{SDN}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=521}}
* {{SSD}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=520}} 
* {{SYR}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=386}}
* {{TJK}} − 3 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=207}}
* {{TKM}} – 40 as of 2024 {{sfn|IISS|2024|page=209}}
* {{UKR}} – 125+ used by the [[Ukrainian Ground Forces|Ground Forces]], [[Ukrainian Marine Corps|Marines]] and [[Ukrainian Air Assault Forces|Airborne Assault Troops]] as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|pages=212−214}}
* {{URU}} – 6 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=452}}
* {{UZB}} − 18 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=215}}
* {{VIE}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=324}}
* {{YEM}}{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=394}}
* {{ZWE}} − 12 as of 2024{{sfn|IISS|2024|page=529}}

=== Former operators ===

* {{flag|Czech Republic}} – 91 in 1999{{sfn|IISS|1999|page=51}}
* {{CZS}} – 230 in 1989.{{sfn|IISS|1989|page=46}} Passed on to successor states
* {{GDR}} – 300 in 1989.{{sfn|IISS|1989|page=47}} Phased out in 1990 after German reunification
* {{HUN}}{{sfn|IISS|2004|page=55}}
* {{flag|Iraq|1991}} – Unknown number operational prior to the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]]<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Cordesman |first1=Anthony H. |date=7 February 2003 |title=Iraqi Armed Forces on the Edge of War |url=https://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/iraq_edgeofwar%5B1%5D.pdf |publisher=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] |access-date=16 July 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209162502/https://www.csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/iraq_edgeofwar[1].pdf|archive-date=9 February 2010 |page=6 |author1-link=Anthony Cordesman}}</ref>
* {{flag|Islamic State}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=Vehicles and equipment captured by the Islamic State inside Syria until November 2014 |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2014/11/vehicles-and-equipment-captured-by.html |website=Oryx Blog}}</ref>
* {{flag|Libya|1977}} − 130 in 2004{{sfn|IISS|2004|page=130}}
* {{flag|Republika Srpska}} − 24 in 2004{{sfn|IISS|2004|page=84}}
* {{SVK}}{{sfn|IISS|2004|page=68}}
* {{flag|Slovenia}} – 8 in 1999{{sfn|IISS|1999|page=97}}
* {{USSR}} – 3,200 used by the Ground Forces and 90 by the Naval Infantry in 1989.{{sfn|IISS|1989|pages=34,37}}  Passed on to successor states
* {{YUG}} – Passed on to successor states<ref>{{cite magazine|first1=Iztok |last1=Kočevar|title=Micmac à tire- larigot chez Tito: L'arme blindée yougoslave durant la Guerre froide|trans-title=The Yugoslav armored arm during the Cold War|magazine=Batailles et Blindés|language=fr|date=August 2014|publisher=Caraktère|issn=1765-0828|issue=62|pages=66–79}}</ref>

== Combat history ==
* [[Afghanistan]] – [[Soviet–Afghan War]]
* [[Chechnya]] (Russia) –  [[First Chechen War]] (1994–1996), [[Second Chechen War]] (1999 to 2000)
* [[Iraq]] – [[Iran–Iraq War]], [[Gulf War]], [[Iraq War]]
* [[SFRY|Yugoslavia]] – [[Yugoslav Wars]]
* [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] – [[Russo-Georgian War]]
* [[Libya]] – [[First Libyan Civil War]], [[Second Libyan Civil War]]
* [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|Nagorno-Karabakh]] - [[Second Nagorno-Karabakh War]]
* [[Syria]] – [[Syrian Civil War]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KeOQb21AsQo|title=- YouTube|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
* [[Ukraine]] – [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]

== See also ==

* {{annotated link|PLZ-07}}
* {{annotated link|PLZ-89}}
* {{annotated link|122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)}}
* {{annotated link|2S19 Msta}}
* {{annotated link|2S3 Akatsiya}}
* {{annotated link|2S35 Koalitsiya-SV}}
* [[List of artillery]]
* [[List of AFVs]]

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The military balance, 1989-1990 |date=1989 |publisher=Brassey's |location=London |isbn=978-0080375694 |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |ref={{SfnRef|IISS|1989}}}}
*{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 1999-2000 |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-922425-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EuYOAAAACAAJ |language=en |ref={{SfnRef|IISS|1999}} |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies }}
*{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |editor1-last=Langton |editor1-first=Christopher |title=The Military Balance 2004/2005 |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-856622-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yklvGwAACAAJ|language=en |ref={{SfnRef|IISS|2004}} |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies }}
*{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2024 |date=2024 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-040-05115-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zIb0EAAAQBAJ |language=en |ref={{SfnRef|IISS|2024}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Trewhitt |first=Philip |title=Armored Fighting Vehicles |year=1999 |page=124 |publisher=Amber Books |location=New York, NY |isbn=0-7607-1260-3}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/2s1.htm FAS.org]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060622050111/http://www.armscontrol.ru/atmtc/Arms_systems/Land/Artillery/Self_Propelled/2S1_Gvozdika_SP_Howitzer.htm Armscontrol.ru]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070821110700/http://www.hsw.pl/eng/s_gozdzik_p.php Huta Stalowa Wola – Polish manufacturer]
* [http://www.arsenal-bg.com/ Arsenal Co. – Bulgarian manufacturer of 2A31(2S1)]

{{PostWWIISovietAFVS}}
{{SovArtyColdWar}}
{{ModernPOLAFVsNav |style=wide}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:122&nbsp;mm artillery]]
[[Category:Self-propelled howitzers of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Tracked self-propelled howitzers]]
[[Category:Tracked amphibious vehicles]]