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[[File:Olympiade 1988 Thessalonki.jpg|thumb|28th Chess Olympiad]]
{{Short description|1988 chess tournament in Thessaloniki, Greece}}
The '''28th [[Chess Olympiad]]''' ({{langx|el|Η 28η Σκακιστική Ολυμπιάδα}}, ''I 28i Skakistikí Olympiáda''), organized by [[Fédération Internationale des Échecs|FIDE]] and comprising an open<ref>Although commonly referred to as the ''men's division'', this section is open to both male and female players.</ref> and a women's tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of [[chess]], took place between November 12 and November 30, 1988, in [[Thessaloniki]], [[Greece]].

After the successful [[26th Chess Olympiad|26th Olympiad]] in Thessaloniki in 1984, FIDE had agreed to hold every other Olympiad (the ones in Olympic years) in the home country of the Olympic movement - provided the Greek Chess Federation and government could provide the necessary funding. This was only the case once, in 1988; after that the Olympiad went back to a new host city every two years.

Israel was back, having been effectively banned from the [[27th Chess Olympiad|previous Olympiad]] in Dubai, as were the countries that had stayed away in sympathy: The Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Also reappearing in the Olympic arena—after a 16-year absence—was East Germany, who celebrated their return by beating their West German rivals 3–1.

The Soviet Union dominated as usual. With world champions Kasparov (reigning) and Karpov (former) on the top boards, they won by no less than six points. A strong English team took their third consecutive silver medals, while the returning Dutch team took the bronze.

==Open event==

There were 107 teams from 106 different nations playing in a 14-round [[Swiss system tournament]]. Chile had also been signed up, but never arrived.

In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided first by using the [[Buchholz system]], then by match points.

:{| class="wikitable"
|+ Open event
! # !! Country !! Players !! Average<br/>rating !! Points !! Buchholz
|-
| style="background:gold;"|1 || '''{{URS}}''' || '''[[Garry Kasparov|Kasparov]], [[Anatoly Karpov|Karpov]], [[Artur Yusupov (chess player)|Yusupov]], [[Alexander Beliavsky|Beliavsky]], [[Jaan Ehlvest|Ehlvest]], [[Vassily Ivanchuk|Ivanchuk]]''' || '''2694''' || '''40½'''  || 
|-
| style="background:silver;"|2 || {{ENG}} || [[Nigel Short|Short]], [[Jon Speelman|Speelman]], [[John Nunn|Nunn]], [[Murray Chandler|Chandler]], [[Jonathan Mestel|Mestel]], [[William Watson (chess player)|Watson]] || 2635 || 34½ || 457.0
|-
| style="background:#cc9966;"|3 || {{NED}} || [[John van der Wiel|Van der Wiel]], [[Gennadi Sosonko|Sosonko]], [[Paul van der Sterren|Van der Sterren]], [[Jeroen Piket|Piket]], [[Marinus Kuijf|Kuijf]], [[Rudy Douven|Douven]] || 2513 || 34½ || 455.0
|}
:{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! # !! Country !! Average<br/>rating !! Points !! Buchholz !! MP
|-
| 4 || {{USA}} || 2580 || 34 || 459.0 || 
|-
| 5 || {{HUN}} || 2604 || 34 || 456.5 || 
|-
| 6 || {{YUG}} || 2574 || 33½ ||  || 
|-
| 7 || {{flagcountry|PHI|1986}} || 2435 || 33 || 449.5 || 
|-
| 8 || {{CHN}} || 2441 || 33 || 447.0 || 
|-
| 9 || {{CUB}} || 2520 || 33 || 439.5 || 
|-
| 10 || {{ARG}} || 2486 || 33 || 434.5 || 
|-
| 11 || {{ISR}} || 2481 || 33 || 432.5 || 
|-
| 12 || {{SWE}} || 2538 || 32½ || 458.0 || 
|-
| 13 || {{CSK}} || 2518 || 32½ || 446.0 || 
|-
| 14 || {{ITA}} || 2420 || 32½ || 423.0 || 
|-
| 15 || {{ISL}} || 2550 || 32 || 449.5 || 
|-
| 16 || {{DEN}} || 2475 || 32 || 449.0 || 
|-
| 17 || {{GDR}} || 2508 || 32 || 444.5 || 
|-
| 18 || {{FRG}} || 2540 || 32 || 435.5 || 
|-
| 19 || {{IND}} || 2466 || 32 || 393.5 || 
|-
| 20 || {{SUI}} || 2480 || 31½ || 423.0 || 
|-
| 21 || {{POL}} || 2460 || 31½ || 419.0 || 17
|-
| 22 || {{ESP}} || 2479 || 31½ || 419.0 || 13
|-
| 23 || {{flag|Brazil|1968}} || 2406 || 31½ || 416.0 || 
|-
| 24 || {{flag|Bulgaria|1971}} || 2520 || 31 || 449.0 || 
|-
| 25 || {{flag|Romania|1965}} || 2476 || 31 || 441.0 || 
|-
| 26 || {{INA}} || 2453 || 31 || 431.5 || 
|-
| 27 || {{GRE}} || 2449 || 31 || 419.0 || 
|-
| 28 || {{AUT}} || 2415 || 31 || 411.0 || 
|-
| 29 || {{GUA}} || 2251 || 31 || 325.0 || 
|-
| 30 || {{SCO}} || 2383 || 30½ || 431.0 || 
|-
| 31 || {{FRA}} || 2473 || 30½ || 429.5 || 
|-
| 32 || {{FIN}} || 2420 || 30½ || 421.0 || 
|-
| 33 || {{flag|Albania|1946}} || 2364 || 30½ || 415.0 || 
|-
| 34 || {{BEL}} || 2388 || 30½ || 412.0 || 
|-
| 35 || {{COL}} || 2406 || 30 || 431.5 || 
|-
| 36 || {{PER}} || 2460 || 30 || 428.0 || 
|-
| 37 || {{CAN}} || 2439 || 30 || 411.0 || 
|-
| 38 || {{NZL}} || 2321 || 30 || 405.0 || 
|-
| 39 || {{flag|Paraguay|1988}}  || 2354 || 30 || 365.5 || 
|-
| 40 || {{AUS}} || 2414 || 29½ || 412.0 || 
|-
| 41 || {{flag|Venezuela|1930}} || 2261 || 29½ || 376.0 || 
|-
| 42 || {{THA}} || 2280 || 29½ || 368.5 || 
|-
| 43 || {{NOR}} || 2450 || 29 || 418.5 || 
|-
| 44 || {{MEX}} || 2398 || 29 || 413.0 || 
|-
| 45 || {{DOM}} || 2348 || 29 || 412.0 || 
|-
| 46 || {{WAL}} || 2290 || 29 || 411.0 || 
|-
| 47 || {{SIN}} || 2280 || 29 || 410.5 || 
|-
| 48 || {{EGY}} || 2250 || 29 || 401.5 || 
|-
| 49 || {{URU}} || 2284 || 29 || 394.5 || 
|-
| 50 || {{IRL}} || 2260 || 28½ || 403.0 || 
|-
| 51 || {{SYR}} || 2278 || 28½ || 391.5 || 
|-
| 52 || {{TUR}} || 2305 || 28 || 403.0 || 
|-
| 53 || {{LUX}} || 2221 || 28 || 373.0 || 
|-
| 54 || {{POR}} || 2381 || 27½ || 410.0 || 
|-
| 55 || {{GRE}} "B" || 2288 || 27½ || 407.0 || 
|-
| 56 || {{PAK}} || 2345 || 27½ || 403.5 || 
|-
| 57 || {{FRO}} || 2270 || 27½ || 395.0 || 
|-
| 58 || {{MYS}} || 2211 || 27½ || 393.0 || 
|-
| 59 || {{flagcountry|PUR|1952}} || 2239 || 27½ || 391.0 || 
|-
| 60 || {{MAR}} || 2201 || 27½ || 390.0 || 
|-
| 61 || {{ANG}} || 2200 || 27½ || 381.0 || 
|-
| 62 || {{CRC}} || 2240 || 27½ || 380.5 || 
|-
| 63 || {{BAN}} || 2293 || 27½ || 377.5 || 
|-
| 64 || {{BOL}} || 2230 || 27½ || 371.0 || 
|-
| 65 || {{JAM}} || 2231 || 27 || 375.5 || 
|-
| 66 || {{ALG}} || 2200 || 27 || 372.5 || 
|-
| 67 || {{flagcountry|JPN|1947}} || 2203 || 26½ || 390.0 || 
|-
| 68 || {{UAE}} || 2209 || 26½ || 383.0 || 
|-
| 69 || {{BRB}} || 2206 || 26½ || 377.5 || 
|-
| 70 || {{NGR}} || 2201 || 26½ || 368.5 || 
|-
| 71 || {{flagicon|LBA|1977}} [[Libya]] || 2201 || 26½ || 361.0 || 
|-
| 72 || {{ZIM}} || 2204 || 26½ || 344.0 || 
|-
| 73 || {{ESA}} || 2228 || 26 || 383.5 || 
|-
| 74 || {{flagcountry|CYP|1960}} || 2203 || 26 || 371.0 || 
|-
| 75 || {{QAT}} || 2233 || 26 || 354.5 || 
|-
| 76 || {{MLT}} || 2200 || 26 || 347.5 || 
|-
| 77 || {{JOR}} || 2210 || 25½ || 376.0 || 
|-
| 78 || {{LIB}} || 2234 || 25½ || 369.5 || 
|-
| 79 || {{HON}} || 2200 || 25½ || 364.0 || 
|-
| 80 || {{SUR}} || 2200 || 25½ || 279.5 || 
|-
| 81 || {{flagcountry|ZAM|1964}} || 2201 || 25 || 356.0 || 
|-
| 82 || {{SEN}} || 2201 || 25 || 334.0 || 
|-
| 83 || {{BOT}} || 2200 || 25 || 322.0 || 
|-
| 84 || {{HKG}} || 2226 || 24½ || 382.0 || 
|-
| 85 || {{flag|Bahrain|1972}} || 2201 || 24½ || 372.0 || 
|-
| 86 || {{AND}} || 2210 || 24½ || 371.5 || 
|-
| 87 || {{flagcountry|YAR}} || 2201 || 24½ || 360.0 || 
|-
| 88 || {{flagcountry|PLE}} || 2206 || 24½ || 359.5 || 
|-
| 89 || {{AHO}} || 2201 || 24½ || 350.0 || 
|-
| 90 || {{flagcountry|MRT|1959}} || 2203 || 24½ || 305.5 || 
|-
| 91 || {{HAI}} || 2204 || 24 || 350.0 || 
|-
| 92 || {{PAN}} || 2200 || 24 || 317.0 || 
|-
| 93 || {{LIE}} || 2200 || 24 || 295.0 || 
|-
| 94 || {{MON}} || 2200 || 24 || 293.5 || 
|-
| 95 || {{UGA}} || 2203 || 23½ || 372.5 || 
|-
| 96 || {{flagcountry|SMR|1862}} || 2201 || 23½ || 365.0 || 
|-
| 97 || {{MLI}} || 2203 || 23½ || 288.5 || 
|-
| 98 || {{GGY}} and {{JEY}} || 2220 || 23 || 327.5 || 
|-
| 99 || {{SDN}} || 2203 || 23 || 315.5 || 
|-
| 100 || {{VGB}} || 2200 || 23 || 295.5 || 
|-
| 101 || {{KEN}} || 2203 || 22½ || 346.0 || 
|-
| 102 || {{VIR}} || 2200 || 22½ || 293.0 || 
|-
| 103 || {{BMU}} || 2201 || 21 ||  || 
|-
| 104 || {{BHS}} || 2201 || 18 ||  || 
|-
| 105 || {{MUS}} || 2201 || 16 ||  || 
|-
| 106 || {{FIJ}} || 2201 || 14 ||  || 
|-
| 107 || {{flag|Seychelles|1977}} || 2200 || 10 ||  || 
|}

===Individual medals===

* [[Performance rating (chess)|Performance rating]]: {{flagicon|URS}} [[Garry Kasparov]] 2877
* Board 1: {{flagicon|URS}} [[Garry Kasparov]] 8½ / 10 = 85.0%
* Board 2: {{flagicon|URS}} [[Anatoly Karpov]] 8 / 10 = 80.0%
* Board 3: {{flagicon|GUA}} [[Carlos Antonio Reyes Nájera]] 7½ / 10 = 75.0%
* Board 4: {{flagicon|THA}} [[Suchart Chaivichit]] 8 / 9 = 88.9%
* 1st reserve: {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ennio Arlandi]] and {{flagicon|ESA}} [[Eduardo Vásquez]] 5½ / 7 = 78.6%
* 2nd reserve: {{flagicon|BAN}} [[Tahmidur Rahman]] and {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Jorge Gómez Baillo]] 6 / 7 = 85.7%

===Best combination===

The 'Best combination' prize went to [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1053943 Carsten Høi (Denmark) - Boris Gulko (USA)] from round 4.

==Women's event<span class="anchor" id="Women's results"></span>==

56 teams from 55 different nations took part. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided first by using the [[Buchholz system]], then by match points.

The Soviet Union had won 10 of the previous 11 Olympiads, but this time they were bested by a Hungarian teenage team featuring 19-year-old Mádl as well as all three Polgár sisters: Zsuzsa (also 19), Zsófia (14), and Judit (12). The biggest star of the women's event was 12-year-old prodigy Judit, who scored 12½ points in 13 games and won her board as well as the overall performance rating.

:{| class="wikitable"
! # !! Country !! Players !! Average<br/>rating !! Points
|-
| style="background:gold;"|1 || '''{{HUN}}''' || '''[[Susan Polgar|Zsuzsa Polgár]], [[Judit Polgár|J. Polgár]], [[Ildikó Mádl|Mádl]], [[Sofia Polgar|Zsófia Polgár]]''' || '''2400''' || '''33'''
|-
| style="background:silver;"|2 || {{URS}} || [[Maia Chiburdanidze|Chiburdanidze]], [[Elena Akhmilovskaya|Akhmilovskaya]], [[Irina Levitina|Levitina]], [[Marta Litinskaya-Shul|Litinskaya]] || 2455 || 32½
|-
| style="background:#cc9966;"|3 || {{YUG}} || [[Alisa Marić|Marić]], [[Gordana Marković|Marković]], [[Suzana Maksimović|Maksimović]], [[Vesna Misanovic|Bašagić]] || 2300 || 28
|}
:{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
! # !! Country !! Average<br/>rating !! Points !! Buchholz
|-
| 4 || {{CHN}} || 2095 || 27 || 
|-
| 5 || {{flag|Bulgaria|1971}} || 2275 || 24 || 344.5
|-
| 6 || {{flag|Romania|1965}} || 2267 || 24 || 344.0
|-
| 7 || {{GRE}} || 2207 || 24 || 343.0
|-
| 8 || {{CUB}} || 2170 || 24 || 336.5
|-
| 9 || {{USA}} || 2278 || 23½ || 342.5
|-
| 10 || {{NED}} || 2203 || 23½ || 319.5
|-
| 11 || {{POL}} || 2282 || 23 || 349.5
|-
| 12 || {{ENG}} || 2300 || 23 || 322.5
|-
| 13 || {{FRA}} || 2160 || 23 || 317.0
|-
| 14 || {{IND}} || 2128 || 23 || 316.0
|-
| 15 || {{FRG}} || 2277 || 22½ || 333.5
|-
| 16 || {{ARG}} || 2130 || 22½ || 315.5
|-
| 17 || {{ESP}} || 2200 || 22½ || 312.5
|-
| 18 || {{ISR}} || 2228 || 22½ || 311.5
|-
| 19 || {{DEN}} || 2123 || 22½ || 303.5
|-
| 20 || {{flag|Brazil|1968}} || 2073 || 22½ || 302.5
|-
| 21 || {{SUI}} || 2115 || 22 || 309.0
|-
| 22 || {{flagcountry|PHI|1986}} || 2205 || 22 || 259.5
|-
| 23 || {{CSK}} || 2242 || 21½ || 343.0
|-
| 24 || {{SWE}} || 2240 || 21½ || 329.5
|-
| 25 || {{GRE}} "B" || 2013 || 21½ || 297.0
|-
| 26 || {{CAN}} || 2125 || 21½ || 296.0
|-
| 27 || {{COL}} || 2088 || 21½ || 295.0
|-
| 28 || {{DOM}} || 2002 || 21½ || 294.5
|-
| 29 || {{IRL}} || 2012 || 21½ || 291.0
|-
| 30 || {{FIN}} || 2000 || 21½ || 286.0
|-
| 31 || {{MEX}} || 2003 || 21½ || 283.0
|-
| 32 || {{NZL}} || 2005 || 21½ || 271.0
|-
| 33 || {{AUT}} || 2088 || 21 || 313.5
|-
| 34 || {{AUS}} || 2023 || 21 || 309.0
|-
| 35 || {{BEL}} || 2008 || 21 || 296.5
|-
| 36 || {{INA}} || 2035 || 21 || 285.0
|-
| 37 || {{ITA}} || 2010 || 21 || 276.0
|-
| 38 || {{URU}} || 2003 || 21 || 253.0
|-
| 39 || {{flag|Venezuela|1930}} || 2013 || 20½ || 302.0
|-
| 40 || {{NOR}} || 2025 || 20½ || 286.0
|-
| 41 || {{WAL}} || 2075 || 20½ || 277.5
|-
| 42 || {{BAN}} || 2000 || 20½ || 267.5
|-
| 43 || {{POR}} || 2000 || 20 || 275.5
|-
| 44 || {{TUR}} || 2000 || 20 || 262.0
|-
| 45 || {{SCO}} || 2012 || 19½ || 
|-
| 46 || {{MYS}} || 2018 || 19 || 280.5
|-
| 47 || {{JAM}} || 2002 || 19 || 238.0
|-
| 48 || {{flagcountry|PUR|1952}} || 2003 || 19 || 236.0
|-
| 49 || {{NGR}} || 2002 || 17 || 234.0
|-
| 50 || {{LIB}} || 2000 || 17 || 229.5
|-
| 51 || {{BRB}} || 2000 || 16½ || 
|-
| 52 || {{ZIM}} || 2000 || 14½ || 
|-
| 53 || {{AHO}} || 2000 || 14 || 
|-
| 54 || {{MLT}} || 2000 || 12½ || 
|-
| 55 || {{flag|Seychelles|1977}} || 2000 || 8 || 
|-
| 56 || {{VIR}} || 2000 || 2½ || 
|}

===Individual medals===

* [[Performance rating (chess)|Performance rating]]: {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Judit Polgár]] 2694
* Board 1: {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Pia Cramling]] 12½ / 14 = 89.3%
* Board 2: {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Judit Polgár]] 12½ / 13 = 96.2%
* Board 3: {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Peng Zhaoqin]] (10½/14) and {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Maria Horvath]] (9/12) = 75.0%
* Reserve: {{flagicon|BAN}} Yesmin Begum 6½ / 8 = 81.3%

==References==

{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.olimpbase.org/1988/1988in.html 28th Chess Olympiad: Thessaloniki 1988] OlimpBase

{{Chess Olympiads}}

[[Category:Chess Olympiads|28]]
[[Category:Women's Chess Olympiads]]
[[Category:Chess in Greece|Olympiad 28]]
[[Category:Sports competitions in Thessaloniki|Chess Olympiad 28]]
[[Category:1988 in chess|Olympiad 28]]
[[Category:1988 in Greek sport|Chess Olympiad 28]]
[[Category:20th century in Thessaloniki]]