View source for 2008 Atlantic hurricane season

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox tropical cyclone season
 | Basin                    = Atl
 | Year                     = 2008
 | Track                    = 2008 Atlantic hurricane season summary map.png
 | First storm formed       = {{Start date|2008|05|31}}
 | Last storm dissipated    = {{End date|2008|11|10}}
 | Strongest storm by winds name=[[Hurricane Gustav|Gustav]]
 | Strongest storm by winds winds = 135
 | Strongest storm by winds pressure = 941
 | Strongest storm by pressure name     = [[Hurricane Ike|Ike]]
 | Strongest storm by pressure pressure = 935
 | Strongest storm by pressure winds    = 125
 | Average wind speed       = 1 
 | Total depressions        = 17
 | Total storms             = 16
 | Total hurricanes         = 8
 | Total intense            = 5
 | Damagespre               = ≥
 | Damages                  = 48855
 | Fatalities               = 1,073 total
 | five seasons             = [[2006 Atlantic hurricane season|2006]], [[2007 Atlantic hurricane season|2007]], '''2008''', [[2009 Atlantic hurricane season|2009]], [[2010 Atlantic hurricane season|2010]]
 | Season timeline          = Timeline of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season
 | West Pacific season      = 2008 Pacific typhoon season
 | East Pacific season      = 2008 Pacific hurricane season
 | North Indian season      = 2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
}}
The '''2008 Atlantic hurricane season''' was the most destructive [[Atlantic hurricane season]] since [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005]], causing over 1,000&nbsp;deaths and nearly $50&nbsp;billion (2008 [[United States dollar|USD]]) in damage.{{#tag:ref|All damage figures are in 2008 [[USD]], unless otherwise noted|group="nb"}} It was an above-average season, featuring sixteen [[Tropical cyclone naming|named storm]]s, eight of which became [[Tropical cyclone|hurricanes]], and five which further became major hurricanes.{{refn|A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale]].<ref name="sshws">{{cite report|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutsshws.php|title=Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale|date=May 23, 2013|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=July 1, 2019|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>|group="nb"}} It officially started on June 1 and ended on November 30. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the [[Atlantic basin]]. However, the formation of [[Tropical Storm Arthur (2008)|Tropical Storm Arthur]] caused the season to start one day early. It was the only year on record in which a major hurricane existed in every month from July through November in the North Atlantic. [[Hurricane Bertha (2008)|Bertha]] became the longest-lived July tropical cyclone on record for the basin, the first of several long-lived systems during 2008.

The season was devastating for [[Haiti]], where nearly 800&nbsp;people were killed by four consecutive tropical cyclones ([[Tropical Storm Fay (2008)|Fay]], [[Hurricane Gustav|Gustav]], [[Hurricane Hanna (2008)|Hanna]], and [[Hurricane Ike|Ike]]), especially Hurricane Hanna, in August and September. These four storms caused about $1&nbsp;billion in damage in Haiti alone. The precursor to [[Hurricane Kyle (2008)|Kyle]] and the outer rain bands of [[Hurricane Paloma|Paloma]] also impacted Haiti. Cuba also received extensive impacts from Gustav, Ike, and Paloma, with Gustav and Ike making [[Landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] in the country at major hurricane intensity and Paloma being a Category&nbsp;2 when striking the nation. More than $10&nbsp;billion in damage and 8&nbsp;deaths occurred there.

Ike was the most destructive storm of the season, as well as the strongest in terms of minimum barometric pressure, devastating Cuba as a major hurricane and later making landfall near [[Galveston, Texas]], as a large high-end Category 2 hurricane. One very unusual feat was a streak of tropical cyclones affecting land, with all but one system impacting land in 2008. The unusual number of storms with impact led to one of the deadliest and destructive seasons in the history of the Atlantic basin, especially with Ike, as its overall damages made it the second-costliest Atlantic hurricane on record at the time, although it has since been surpassed by several hurricanes.

==Seasonal forecasts==
{| class="toccolours" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; text-align:right; clear: right;"
|+'''Predictions of tropical activity in the 2008 season'''
|-  style="background:#ccf; text-align:center;"
||'''Source'''
||'''Date'''
||'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Named<br />storms</span>'''
||'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Hurricanes</span>'''
||'''<span style="font-size: 80%;">Major<br />hurricanes</span>'''
|-
|align="left"|[[Colorado State University|CSU]]
|align="left"|''Average <span style="font-size: 80%;">(1950–2000)</span>''<ref name="Gray Dec"/>
|9.6
|5.9
|2.3
|-
|align="left"|[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]
|align="left"|''Average <span style="font-size: 80%;">(1950–2005)</span>''<ref name="CPCAHOBI"/>
|11.0
|6.2
|2.7
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|''Record high activity''<ref name="CSU Atl">{{cite web| title=North Atlantic Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics|url=http://tropical.atmos.colostate.edu/Realtime/index.php?arch&loc=northatlantic|publisher=Colorado State University|location=Fort Collins, Colorado|access-date=July 19, 2023}}</ref>
|[[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|30]]
|[[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|15]]
|[[2020 Atlantic hurricane season|7]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|''Record low activity''<ref name="CSU Atl"/>
|[[1914 Atlantic hurricane season|1]]
|[[1914 Atlantic hurricane season|0]]
|[[2013 Atlantic hurricane season|0]]
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<hr/>
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|December 7, 2007
|13
|7
|3
|-
|align="left"|TSR
|align="left"|December 10, 2007
|15.4
|8.3
|3.7
|-
|align="left"|WSI
|align="left"|January 3, 2008
|14
|7
|3
|-
|align="left"|TSR
|align="left"|April 7, 2008
|14.8
|7.8
|3.5
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|April 9, 2008
|15
|8
|4
|-
|align="left"|WSI
|align="left"|April 23, 2008
|14
|8
|4
|-
|align="left"|NOAA
|align="left"|May 22, 2008
|12–16
|6–9
|2–5
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|June 3, 2008
|15
|8
|4
|-
|align="left"|TSR
|align="left"|June 5, 2008
|14.4
|7.7
|3.4
|-
|align="left"|[[Met Office|UKMO]]
|align="left"|June 18, 2008
|15*
|N/A
|N/A
|-
|align="left"|WSI
|align="left"|July 2, 2008
|14
|8
|4
|-
|align="left"|TSR
|align="left"|July 2, 2008
|14.6
|7.9
|3.5
|-
|align="left"|WSI
|align="left"|July 23, 2008
|15
|9
|4
|-
|align="left"|CSU
|align="left"|August 5, 2008
|17
|9
|5
|-
|align="left"|TSR
|align="left"|August 5, 2008
|18.2
|9.7
|4.5
|-
|align="left"|NOAA
|align="left"|August 7, 2008
|14–18
|7–10
|3–6
|-
|align="left"|WSI
|align="left"|August 27, 2008
|15
|9
|4
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|'''Actual activity'''
| 16
| 8
| 5
|-
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"|<hr/>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" colspan="5"|* July–November only: 15 storms observed in this period.
|}
Dr. Philip J. Klotzbach, Dr. [[William M. Gray]], and their associates at [[Colorado State University]] (CSU) &ndash; as well as forecasters at [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] (NOAA), [[Met Office]] (UKMO), Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), Weather Services International (WSI) &ndash; issued [[Tropical cyclone seasonal forecasting|forecasts of hurricane activity]] prior to the start of the season.<ref name="CSUaug5"/><ref name="NOAAaug7"/><ref name="TSRaug5"/><ref name="WSIaug27"/>

Klotzbach's team (formerly led by Gray) defines the average number of storms per season (1950 to 2000) as 9.6&nbsp;tropical storms, 5.9&nbsp;hurricanes, and 2.3&nbsp;major hurricanes (storms reaching at least Category&nbsp;3 strength in the [[Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale]]). A normal season, as defined by NOAA, has 9 to 12&nbsp;named storms, with 5 to 7&nbsp;of those reaching hurricane strength, and 1 to 3&nbsp;major hurricanes.<ref name="Gray Dec">{{cite web|author=Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray|date=December 7, 2007|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2008|publisher=Colorado State University|access-date=September 29, 2021|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/2000s/2007-12.pdf}}</ref><ref name="CPCAHOBI">{{cite web|work=Climate Prediction Center |title=Background information: the North Atlantic hurricane season|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=August 8, 2006|access-date=February 27, 2020|url=http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml#NOAADEF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826053605/http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml#NOAADEF |archive-date=August 26, 2010|url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Pre-season forecasts===
The first forecast for the 2008&nbsp;hurricane season was released by CSU on December&nbsp;7, 2007. In its report, the organization predicted 13&nbsp;named storms, 7&nbsp;hurricanes, 3&nbsp;major hurricanes, and an annual [[Accumulated Cyclone Energy]] (ACE) index of 115&nbsp;units. The odds of a major hurricane landfall in the Caribbean and along the United States were projected to be above average.<ref name="Gray Dec"/> ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. It is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding {{convert|39|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, which is the threshold for tropical storm strength.<ref name=NOAA3>{{cite web|author=Christopher W. Landsea|work=Hurricane Research Division|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=2019|title=Subject: E11) How many tropical cyclones have there been each year in the Atlantic basin? What years were the greatest and fewest seen?|access-date=July 2, 2019|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/E11.html}}</ref> The odds of a major hurricane landfall in the Caribbean and along the United States were projected to be above average in the CSU forecast.<ref name="Gray Dec"/>

Three days later, TSR—a public consortium consisting of experts on insurance, risk management, and seasonal climate forecasting at University College London—called for a very active season featuring 15.4 (±4.7) named storms, 8.3 (±3.0) hurricanes, 3.7 (±1.8) major hurricanes, and a cumulative ACE index of 149 (±66) units. Mirroring CSU, the group assigned high probabilities that the United States and Lesser Antilles landfalling ACE index would be above average.<ref>{{cite report|author=Mark Saunders|author2=Dr. Adam Lea|title=Extended Range Forecast for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2008|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastDec2008.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=February 12, 2018|location=London, England}}</ref> On January&nbsp;3, 2008, WSI projected 14&nbsp;named storms, 7&nbsp;hurricanes, and 3&nbsp;major hurricanes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Seven Atlantic Hurricanes This Year, WSI Says|url=http://www.naturalgasintel.com/articles/76872-seven-atlantic-hurricanes-this-year-wsi-says|publisher=Natural Gas Intelligence|date=January 3, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref>

In April, CSU slightly raised their values owing to a favorable Atlantic sea surface temperature configuration during the preceding month, upping the projected numbers to 15&nbsp;named storms, 8&nbsp;hurricanes, and 4&nbsp;major hurricanes.<ref>{{cite report|author=William M. Gray|author2=Phillip J. Klotzbach|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2008|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/2000s/2008-04.pdf|publisher=Colorado State University|date=April 9, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018|location=Fort Collins, Colorado}}</ref> TSR, in contrast, slightly reduced their numbers on April&nbsp;7 due to cooler projections for Atlantic Ocean temperatures compared to their December forecast.<ref>{{cite report|author=Mark Saunders|author2=Dr. Adam Lea|title=April Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2008|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastApr2008.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=April 7, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018|location=London, England}}</ref> WSI on April&nbsp;23 raised the expected number of hurricanes from 7 to 8 and major hurricanes from 3 to 4 while leaving the number of named storms unchanged.<ref>{{cite web|title=WSI Adds Another Intense Hurricane to Tropical Forecast|url=http://www.naturalgasintel.com/articles/77784-wsi-adds-another-intense-hurricane-to-tropical-forecast|publisher=Natural Gas Intelligence|date=April 23, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref>  On May&nbsp;22, the NOAA's Climate Prediction Center announced their first seasonal outlook for the 2008&nbsp;season, highlighting 65&nbsp;percent odds of an above-normal season, 25&nbsp;percent odds for a near-normal season, and 10&nbsp;percent odds of a below-average season. A range of 12 to 16&nbsp;named storms, 6 to 9&nbsp;hurricanes, and 2 to 5&nbsp;major hurricanes was provided, each with 60 to 70&nbsp;percent probability. The CPC, alongside TSR and CSU, highlighted the ongoing multi-decadal period of enhanced Atlantic tropical cyclone activity, the ongoing La Niña in the Pacific, and warmer than average ocean temperatures across the eastern tropical Atlantic as the basis for their predictions.<ref>{{cite report|author=Carmeyia Gillis|author2=David Miller|title=NOAA Predicts Near Normal or Above Normal Atlantic Hurricane Season|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2008/20080522_hurricaneoutlook.html|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=May 22, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325100210/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2008/20080522_hurricaneoutlook.html|archive-date=March 25, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Midseason outlooks===
On June 3, CSU released an updated outlook for the season but left their values from April unchanged. Examining conditions in April and May, the organization compiled a list of hurricane seasons with similar conditions: [[1951 Atlantic hurricane season|1951]], [[1961 Atlantic hurricane season|1961]], [[2000 Atlantic hurricane season|2000]], and [[2001 Atlantic hurricane season|2001]].<ref>{{cite report|author=William M. Gray|author2=Phillip J. Klotzbach|title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2008|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/2000s/2008-06.pdf|publisher=Colorado State University|date=June 3, 2008|access-date=September 29, 2021|location=Fort Collins, Colorado}}</ref> TSR slightly lowered their numbers in their June 5 update but continued to predict an above-average season.<ref>{{cite report|author=Mark Saunders|author2=Dr. Adam Lea|title=June Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2008|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastJun2008.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=June 5, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018|location=London, England}}</ref> Meanwhile, on June 18, the UKMO released their seasonal forecast, assessing a 70 percent probability the number of tropical storms would fall between 10 and 20, with 15 tropical storms noted as the most likely value in 2008. No projections for the number of hurricanes, major hurricanes, or ACE were given.<ref>{{cite web|title=North Atlantic tropical storm seasonal forecast 2008|url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/tropical-cyclones/seasonal/northatlantic2008/|publisher=Met Office|date=June 18, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref> On July 2, WSI held firm to their April forecast;<ref>{{cite web|title=WSI Still Sees 'Active' Hurricane Season Ahead|url=http://www.naturalgasintel.com/articles/78369-wsi-still-sees-active-hurricane-season-ahead|publisher=Natural Gas Intelligence|date=July 2, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref> the organization was forced to slightly increase the number of named storms and hurricanes later that month.<ref>{{cite web|title=WSI Ups Forecast: Nine Hurricanes This Year|url=http://www.naturalgasintel.com/articles/78539-wsi-ups-forecast-nine-hurricanes-this-year|publisher=Natural Gas Intelligence|date=July 23, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref> On July 4, TSR slightly raised their forecast.<ref>{{cite report|author=Mark Saunders|author2=Dr. Adam Lea|title=July Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2008|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastJul2008.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=July 4, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018|location=London, England}}</ref> Following an active start to the season, CSU upped their predictions in an August 5 update, calling for 17 named storms, 9 hurricanes, 5 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 175 units.<ref name="CSUaug5">{{cite report|author=William M. Gray|author2=Phillip J. Klotzbach|title=Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity, August Monthly Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2008|url=https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/Archived_Forecasts/2000s/2008-08.pdff|publisher=Colorado State University|date=August 5, 2008|access-date=September 29, 2021|location=Fort Collins, Colorado}}</ref> TSR released their final outlook for the season that day, raising their values to 18.2 (±2.9) named storms, 9.7 (±1.7) hurricanes, 4.5 (±1.4) major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 191 (±42) units.<ref name="TSRaug5">{{cite report|author=Mark Saunders|author2=Dr. Adam Lea|title=August Forecast Update for Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2008|url=https://www.tropicalstormrisk.com/docs/TSRATLForecastAug2008.pdf|publisher=Tropical Storm Risk|date=August 5, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018|location=London, England}}</ref> On August 7, NOAA's CPC raised their probability of an above-average season from 65 percent to 85 percent. The final outlook yielded a 67 percent chance of 14 to 18 named storms, 7 to 10 hurricanes, and 3 to 6 major hurricanes.<ref name="NOAAaug7">{{cite web|author=Carmeyia Gillis|title=Strong Start Increases NOAA's Confidence for Above-Normal Atlantic Hurricane Season|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2008/20080807_hurricaneoutlook.html|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=August 7, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808114229/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2008/20080807_hurricaneoutlook.html|archive-date=August 8, 2008}}</ref> WSI, meanwhile, issued their final seasonal outlook on August 27, reaffirming their numbers from the previous month.<ref name="WSIaug27">{{cite web|title=WSI Stands by 'Active' Hurricane Season Forecast|url=http://www.naturalgasintel.com/articles/78836-wsi-stands-by-active-hurricane-season-forecast|publisher=Natural Gas Intelligence|date=August 27, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Seasonal summary==
{{For timeline}}
{{center|<timeline>
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  from:31/05/2008 till:01/06/2008 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Arthur (2008)|Arthur (TS)]]"
  from:03/07/2008 till:20/07/2008 color:C3 text:"[[Hurricane Bertha (2008)|Bertha (C3)]]"
  from:18/07/2008 till:23/07/2008 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Cristobal (2008)|Cristobal (TS)]]"
  from:20/07/2008 till:25/07/2008 color:C2 text:"[[Hurricane Dolly (2008)|Dolly (C2)]]"
  from:03/08/2008 till:06/08/2008 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Edouard (2008)|Edouard (TS)]]"
  from:15/08/2008 till:26/08/2008 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Fay (2008)|Fay (TS)]]"
  from:25/08/2008 till:04/09/2008 color:C4 text:"[[Hurricane Gustav|Gustav (C4)]]"
  from:28/08/2008 till:07/09/2008 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Hanna (2008)|Hanna (C1)]]"
  from:01/09/2008 till:14/09/2008 color:C4 text:"[[Hurricane Ike|Ike (C4)]]"
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  from:02/09/2008 till:06/09/2008 color:TS text:"Josephine (TS)"
  from:25/09/2008 till:29/09/2008 color:C1 text:"[[Hurricane Kyle (2008)|Kyle (C1)]]"
  from:29/09/2008 till:01/10/2008 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Laura (2008)|Laura (TS)]]"
  from:06/10/2008 till:08/10/2008 color:TS text:"[[Tropical Storm Marco (2008)|Marco (TS)]]"
  from:12/10/2008 till:14/10/2008 color:TS text:"Nana (TS)"
  from:13/10/2008 till:18/10/2008 color:C4 text:"[[Hurricane Omar|Omar (C4)]]"
  from:14/10/2008 till:16/10/2008 color:TD text:"[[October 2008 Central America floods|Sixteen (TD)]]"
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</timeline>}}

[[File:4ATLHurricanes2008.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Four tropical cyclones active simultaneously in the Atlantic on September 2; featuring [[Hurricane Gustav|Gustav]] ''(left)'', [[Hurricane Hanna (2008)|Hanna]] ''(middle)'', [[Hurricane Ike|Ike]] ''(right)'', and Josephine ''(far right)''. All but one were either affecting or threatening landmasses at the same time.]]
The 2008&nbsp;hurricane season officially began on June&nbsp;1,<ref name="2008rainfall">{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2008/2008_rainfall.html|title=2008 Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Rainfall|publisher=[[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]|access-date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> though [[Tropical Storm Arthur (2008)|Tropical Storm Arthur]] formed one day earlier.<ref name="atcr"/> The season was above-average, featuring 16&nbsp;named storms, 8&nbsp;of which intensified into hurricanes, while 5&nbsp;of the hurricanes reached major hurricane status.<ref name="dec1monthly"/> Despite a [[La Niña]] dissipating early in the summer months, atmospheric conditions remained favorable for [[tropical cyclogenesis]], including abnormally low wind shear between [[10th parallel north|10°N]] and [[20th parallel north|20°N]]. Additionally, [[sea surface temperature]]s in the deep tropics and the Caribbean Sea were fifth warmest since 1950.<ref name="mwr">{{cite journal|first1=Daniel P.|last1= Brown|first2= John L.|last2= Beven|first3= James L.|last3= Franklin|first4= Eric S.|last4= Blake|date=May 2010|title=Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2008|doi=10.1175/2009MWR3174.1|bibcode=2010MWRv..138.1975B|volume=138|page=1975|issue=5|journal=Monthly Weather Review|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1234547|access-date=June 9, 2021|doi-access=free}}</ref> The season saw the first occurrence of major hurricanes in the months of July through November.<ref name="masters">{{cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/hurricane-season-of-2008-draws-to-a-close.html|title=Hurricane season of 2008 draws to a close|author=Jeff Masters|date=November 26, 2008|publisher=Weather Underground|access-date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> Four storms formed before the start of August,<ref name="dec1monthly">{{cite report|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWSAT/2008/TWSAT.200812011402.txt|title=Monthly Tropical Weather Summary|date=December 1, 2008|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> and the season also had the earliest known date for three storms to be active on the same day: [[Hurricane Bertha (2008)|Hurricane Bertha]], and Tropical Storms [[Tropical Storm Cristobal (2008)|Cristobal]] and [[Hurricane Dolly (2008)|Dolly]] were all active on July&nbsp;20.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tropical-cyclones/200813|title=Hurricanes and Tropical Storms - Annual 2008|date=January 2009|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|access-date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> This season was also one of only ten Atlantic hurricanes seasons on record to have a major hurricane form before August,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/earlyseason.asp|title=Major May–June–July Hurricanes|publisher=Weather Underground|access-date=February 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731230357/https://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/earlyseason.asp|archive-date=July 31, 2019}}</ref> as well as one of only seven Atlantic seasons to feature a major hurricane in November.<ref name="lateseason">{{cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/lateseason.asp|title=Late Season Major Hurricanes|publisher=Weather Underground|access-date=February 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731230358/https://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/lateseason.asp|archive-date=July 31, 2019}}</ref> The final tropical cyclone, [[Hurricane Paloma]], degenerated into a remnant [[low-pressure area]] over [[Cuba]] on November&nbsp;9,<ref name="Ptcr"/> three weeks before the season officially ended on November&nbsp;30.<ref name="2008rainfall"/>

The season was devastating for [[Haiti]], where four consecutive tropical cyclones &ndash; [[Tropical Storm Fay (2008)|Fay]], [[Hurricane Gustav|Gustav]], [[Hurricane Hanna (2008)|Hanna]], and [[Hurricane Ike|Ike]] &ndash; killed at least 793&nbsp;people and caused roughly $1&nbsp;billion in damage.<ref name="haiti2008">{{cite report|url=https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/0E0D292358774C55852577C1006E38C6-Full_Report.pdf|title=Haiti: Hurricane Season 2008|publisher=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies|date=October 19, 2010|page=3|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref> [[Hurricane Ike]] was the most destructive storm of the season, as well as the strongest, devastating Cuba as a major hurricane and later making landfall near [[Galveston, Texas]], at Category&nbsp;2 (nearly Category 3) intensity. The cyclone caused a particularly devastating [[storm surge]] along the western [[Gulf Coast of the United States]] due to in part to its large size.<ref name="Itcr"/> Ike was the second-costliest hurricane in the Atlantic at the time, but has since dropped to sixth following [[Hurricane Sandy|Sandy]], [[Hurricane Harvey|Harvey]], [[Hurricane Irma|Irma]], and [[Hurricane Maria|Maria]].<ref name="costliest"/> [[Hurricane Hanna (2008)|Hanna]] was the deadliest storm of the season, killing 533&nbsp;people, mostly in Haiti.<ref name="2010CRED" /><ref name="ncdc-wilmington"/><ref name="ncdc-philly"/><ref name="Htcr" /> [[Hurricane Gustav|Gustav]] was another very destructive storm, causing up to $8.31&nbsp;billion in damage to Haiti, [[Jamaica]], the [[Cayman Islands]], Cuba, and the [[United States]].<ref name="Gtcr" /><ref name="costliest"/> Dolly caused up to $1.6&nbsp;billion in damage to south Texas and northeastern Mexico.<ref name="billion1980-2019">{{cite report|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/billions/events.pdf|title="U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather & Climate Disasters 1980-2019" |first1=Adam |last1=Smith |first2=Neal |last2=Lott |first3=Tamara |last3=Houston |first4=Karsten |last4=Shein |first5=Jake |last5=Crouch |first6=Jesse |last6=Enloe |publisher=National Climatic Data Center|page=9|access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg damage estimates">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aPBFIvVpm43k&refer=home|title=Dolly Makes Landfall in Texas; Downgraded to Storm (Update3) |author=Demian McLean|date=July 23, 2008|newspaper=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022092922/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aPBFIvVpm43k&refer=home|archive-date=October 22, 2012}}</ref> [[Hurricane Bertha (2008)|Bertha]] was an early season [[Cape Verde-type hurricane]] that became the longest-lived July [[North Atlantic tropical cyclone]] on record, though it caused few deaths and only minor damage.<ref name="Btcr"/> The Atlantic basin tropical cyclones of 2008 collectively caused roughly $49.4&nbsp;billion in damage and at least 1,074&nbsp;fatalities.<ref name="billion1980-2019"/><ref>
* {{cite report|author=Eric S. Blake|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Arthur|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL012008_Arthur.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=July 28, 2008|access-date=May 16, 2019|location=Miami, Florida}}
* {{cite report|title=New Jersey Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=124477|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=June 28, 2017}}
* {{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aPBFIvVpm43k&refer=home|title=Dolly Makes Landfall in Texas; Downgraded to Storm (Update3) |author=Demian McLean|date=July 23, 2008|newspaper=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022092922/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aPBFIvVpm43k&refer=home|archive-date=October 22, 2012}}
* {{cite report|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/hazards/200807#tropical|title=Global Hazards - July 2008|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|access-date=March 6, 2020}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/ultimas/2008/07/23/hallan-muerto-a-pescador-extraviado-en-yucatan-tras-paso-de-dolly|title=Hallan muerto a pescador extraviado en Yucatán tras paso de Dolly|date=July 24, 2008|newspaper=[[La Jornada]]|language=es|access-date=February 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725063131/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/ultimas/2008/07/23/hallan-muerto-a-pescador-extraviado-en-yucatan-tras-paso-de-dolly|archive-date=July 25, 2008}}
* {{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch|author2=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Dolly|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL042008_Dolly.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 22, 2009|access-date=February 11, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}
* {{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tallahassee, Florida|title=Florida Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=127679|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}
* {{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tallahassee, Florida|title=Florida Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=127671|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}
* {{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tallahassee, Florida|title=Florida Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=127674|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}
* {{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Mobile, Alabama|title=Florida Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=130839|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}
* {{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Mobile, Alabama|title=Alabama Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=130841|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}
* {{cite report|author=James L. Franklin|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Edouard|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL052008_Edouard.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 14, 2008|access-date=May 13, 2019|location=Miami, Florida}}
* {{cite report|author=Dr. Debarati Guha-Sapir|title=Disasters in Numbers 2009 and the Decade|url=https://www.emdat.be/sites/default/files/PressConference_Presentation.pdf|publisher=Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters|work=Emergency Events Database|date=January 28, 2010|access-date=May 13, 2019}}
* {{cite news|title=Killer storm Fay may become hurricane before hitting Florida|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-08-19/killer-storm-fay-may-become-hurricane-before/481256|newspaper=ABC News|date=August 18, 2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}
* {{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45650306/florida-today/|author=Jim Ash|title=Central, South Fla. brace for Ike's rain|date=September 9, 2008|newspaper=Florida Today|access-date=February 26, 2020|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}
* {{cite news|title=Boy Drowns in Cairo: Funeral Set|url=https://www.wctv.tv/home/headlines/27316264.html|newspaper=WCTV News|date=August 23, 2008|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514012216/https://www.wctv.tv/home/headlines/27316264.html|archive-date=May 14, 2019}}
* {{cite news|author=Brendan Kirby|title=Death blamed on Fay|url=http://blog.al.com/live/2008/08/death_blamed_on_fay.html|newspaper=AL.com|date=August 25, 2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}
* {{cite report|title=Tropical Storm Gustav OCHA Situation Report No. 3|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/cayman-islands/tropical-storm-gustav-ocha-situation-report-no-3|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=August 30, 2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}
* {{cite report|author=John L. Beven II|author2=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Gustav|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL072008_Gustav.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 22, 2009|access-date=May 13, 2019|location=Miami, Florida}}
* {{cite report|author=Government of Cuba|title=Review of the Past Hurricane Season: Reports of Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Disturbances and Related Flooding during 2008|url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/Meetings/HC31/documents/Doc.4.2.8_Cuba.doc|date=April 2009|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=May 14, 2019|format=DOC}}
* {{cite web|title=Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables updated|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 26, 2018|access-date=May 14, 2019|location=Miami, Florida}}
* {{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Wilmington, North Carolina|title=North Carolina Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=129975|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 14, 2019}}
* {{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Wilmington, North Carolina|title=North Carolina Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=129975|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 14, 2019}}
* {{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|title=Pennsylvania Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=136034|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 14, 2019}}
* {{cite report|author=Daniel P. Brown|author2=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Hanna|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL082008_Hanna.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 17, 2008|access-date=February 11, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}
* {{cite report|author=Robbie J. Berg|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ike|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092008_Ike.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 23, 2009|access-date=February 11, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}
* {{cite journal|author=David F. Zane|display-authors=etal|title=Tracking Deaths Related to Hurricane Ike, Texas, 2008|journal=Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1001/dmp.2011.8|volume=5|issue=1|date=March 2011|pages=23–28|pmid=21402823|s2cid=34372746}}
* {{cite news|title=7:43 a.m.: Hurricane Ike deaths, state by state|url=https://www.heraldbulletin.com/news/local_news/a-m-hurricane-ike-deaths-state-by-state/article_3897186d-0095-56f7-bdbb-94b3c2873273.html|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Herald Bulletin|date=September 15, 2008|access-date=February 22, 2020}}
* {{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Kyle|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL112008_Kyle.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 5, 2008|access-date=February 9, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}
* {{cite web|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=ALL&beginDate_mm=09&beginDate_dd=15&beginDate_yyyy=2008&endDate_mm=09&endDate_dd=30&endDate_yyyy=2008&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=99%2CPUERTO+RICO|date=2009|title=Storm Events Database|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Juan, Puerto Rico|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|access-date=February 27, 2020}}
* {{cite report|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=136057|title=Event Details: Flash Flood|date=2009|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Juan, Puerto Rico|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|access-date=February 27, 2020}}
* {{cite report|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=137027|title=Event Details: High Surf|date=2009|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norton, Massachusetts|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|access-date=February 27, 2020}}
* {{cite report|author=Jack L. Beven II|author2=Christopher W. Landsea|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Omar|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL152008_Omar.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=February 3, 2009|access-date=February 10, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}
* {{cite report|author=Government of Saint Lucia|date=April 2009|title=Review of the Past Hurricane Season: Reports of Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Disturbances and Related Flooding during 2008|url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/Meetings/HC31/documents/Doc4.2.6_StLucia.doc|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=May 15, 2019|format=DOC}}
* {{cite report|author=Daniel P. Brown|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Sixteen|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL162008_Sixteen.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 19, 2008|access-date=February 10, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}
* {{cite report|author=Government of Jamaica|title=Jamaica's Report on the 2008 Hurricane Season|url=http://www.cmo.org.tt/docs/CMC48/Country%20Reports%202008/Jamaica.doc|publisher=Caribbean Meteorological Organization|year=2008|access-date=May 16, 2019}}
* {{cite report|title=Macro Socio-Economic Assessment of the Damage and Losses Caused by Hurricane Paloma|url=http://www.caymanprepared.ky/portal/pls/portal/docs/1/10312108.PDF|publisher=United Nations|date=April 2, 2009|access-date=May 16, 2019}}
</ref> At the time, the season ranked as the third costliest on record, behind only [[2004 Atlantic hurricane season|2004]] and [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season|2005]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45743910/great-falls-tribune/|title=NASA reports 2008 is ninth warmest year since 1880|date=December 17, 2008|agency=McClatchy-Tribune News Service|newspaper=Great Falls Tribune|page=5A|access-date=February 27, 2020|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}</ref> However, it has since fallen to eighth.

{{List of costliest Atlantic hurricane seasons}}
Other notable storms included Tropical Storm Fay, which became the first Atlantic tropical cyclone to make landfall in the same U.S. state on 4 occasions; [[Tropical Storm Marco (2008)|Tropical Storm Marco]], the smallest Atlantic tropical cyclone on record;<ref name="masters"/> [[Hurricane Omar (2008)|Hurricane Omar]], a powerful late-season major hurricane which caused moderate damage to the [[ABC islands (Lesser Antilles)|ABC islands]], [[Puerto Rico]], and the [[Virgin Islands]] in mid-October;<ref name="Otcr"/> and Hurricane Paloma, which became the third-strongest November hurricane in recorded history and caused about $454.4&nbsp;million in damage to the Cayman Islands and Cuba.<ref name="lateseason"/><ref name="cuba" /><ref name="macro"/> The only storm of the season to not reach tropical storm status, Tropical Depression Sixteen, contributed to a [[October 2008 Central America floods|significant flooding event in Central America]], with the cyclone itself directly blamed for at least nine deaths.<ref name="16tcr"/>

Overall, the season's activity was reflected with a total cumulative ACE rating of 146. This was well above the normal average, and nearly double the rating given to each of the two preceding seasons (79{{snd}}2006; 74{{snd}}2007).<ref>{{cite web|work=Hurricane Research Division |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |date=June 2019|title=Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref> 
{{clear}}

==Systems==

===Tropical Storm Arthur===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Arthur 31 May 2008.jpg
 | Formed            = May 31
 | Dissipated        = June 1
 | 1-min winds       = 40
 | Pressure          = 1004
 | Track             = Arthur 2008 track.png
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Arthur (2008)}}
In late May, a westward-moving [[tropical wave]] and the mid-level [[Post-tropical cyclone|remnants]] of [[Tropical Storm Alma]] from the East Pacific combined over the northwestern Caribbean Sea. This led to the formation of Tropical Storm Arthur by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on May&nbsp;31. The cyclone reached its peak intensity with winds of {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} six hours after development, and it made landfall at 09:00&nbsp;UTC on June&nbsp;1 about halfway between [[Belize City|Belize City, Belize]], and [[Chetumal|Chetumal, Yucatán Peninsula]], at that strength. Once inland, Arthur quickly lost organization and degenerated to a remnant area of low pressure around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on June&nbsp;2. It dissipated six hours later. In conjunction with Alma, Tropical Storm Arthur dropped over {{convert|12|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall across portions of [[Belize]], destroying roads, washing out bridges, and damaging 714 homes. Total damage was estimated at $78&nbsp;million, and five deaths were recorded.<ref name="atcr">{{cite report|author=Eric S. Blake|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Arthur|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL012008_Arthur.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=July 28, 2008|access-date=May 16, 2019|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>
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===Hurricane Bertha===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Bertha 07 july 2008 1630Z.jpg
 | Formed            = July 3
 | Dissipated        = July 20
 | 1-min winds       = 110
 | Pressure          = 952
 | Track             = Bertha 2008 track.png
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Bertha (2008)}}
A well-defined tropical wave left Africa on July&nbsp;1 and organized into a tropical depression by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;3. Six hours later, it intensified into Tropical Storm Bertha, the easternmost tropical storm on record in the Atlantic during July. Steered on a west-northwest or northwest course, Bertha reached hurricane strength around 06:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;7. The cyclone then underwent a period of rapid intensification that brought it to its peak as a Category&nbsp;3 hurricane with winds of {{convert|125|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} later that day. Structural changes and a more hostile environment caused the storm to fluctuate in intensity as it passed east of Bermuda. By July&nbsp;19, however, the storm began to undergo extratropical transition, a process it completed by 12:00&nbsp;UTC the next morning. The post-tropical storm continued northeast and merged with a larger extratropical low near Iceland on July&nbsp;21. Lasting a duration of 17&nbsp;days, Bertha became the longest-lived Atlantic tropical cyclone on record during the month of July.<ref name="Btcr">{{cite report|author=Jamie R. Rhome|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Bertha|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL022008_Bertha.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 15, 2008|access-date=February 11, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

As the cyclone passed east of Bermuda, it produced strong wind gusts peaking at {{convert|91|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Btcr" /> Power lines were downed, cutting electricity to about 7,500&nbsp;homes, and tree branches were snapped.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Storm Bertha speeds away from Bermuda|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/storm-bertha-idUKN1528480620080715|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915160529/http://uk.reuters.com/article/storm-bertha-idUKN1528480620080715|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 15, 2017|publisher=Reuters|date=July 15, 2008|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref> Heavy rainfall, reaching {{convert|4.77|in|mm|abbr=on}} at [[L.F. Wade International Airport]],{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}} flooded roadways. Meanwhile, Bertha produced large waves and rip currents along the U.S. East Coast, resulting in 3&nbsp;deaths offshore New Jersey and 57&nbsp;water rescues in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]] alone.<ref>{{cite report|title=New Jersey Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=124477|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref> Fifty-five people were injured off the coast of Delaware while an additional four individuals were injured off North Carolina.<ref>{{cite report|title=Delaware Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=124472|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref> At [[Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina|Wrightsville Beach]] in particular, officials estimated at least 60 water rescues over a 48-hour span.<ref>{{cite report|title=North Carolina Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=122740|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=June 28, 2017}}</ref> Over a seven-day period beginning on July&nbsp;9, the storm contributed to 1,500 ocean rescues in [[Ocean City, Maryland]].<ref name="Btcr" />
{{clear}}

===Tropical Storm Cristobal===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Cristobal 2008-07-22 1745Z.jpg
 | Track             = Cristobal 2008 track.png
 | Formed            = July 19
 | Dissipated        = July 23
 | 1-min winds       = 55
 | Pressure          = 998
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Cristobal (2008)}}
A trough of low pressure, the remnants of an old [[Weather front|frontal boundary]], extended along the East Coast of the United States on July&nbsp;15. The trough extended into the Gulf of Mexico the following day and resulted in the development of a circulation that subsequently crossed Florida on July&nbsp;17. Once in the Atlantic, the system became better organized and coalesced into a tropical depression around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;19. It intensified into Tropical Storm Cristobal twelve hours later. After passing close to the Outer Banks of North Carolina, the storm continued northeast and reached peak winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} early on July&nbsp;21, when an eye feature was evident on microwave imagery. Progressively cooler waters began to weaken Cristobal the next day, and it was then absorbed by a large extratropical cyclone south of Newfoundland around 12:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;23.<ref>{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Cristobal|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL032008_Cristobal.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 15, 2008|access-date=February 12, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

The precursor disturbance to Cristobal produced up to {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain in Florida, blocking storm drains and causing street flooding.<ref>{{cite news|author=Bill Bair|title=System Likely to Deliver More Rain to Polk|url=https://www.theledger.com/news/20080718/system-likely-to-deliver-more-rain-to-polk#|newspaper=[[The Ledger]]|date=July 18, 2008|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> Some 35–40 cars were pulled from submerged streets in [[Marco Island, Florida|Marco Island]], with some vehicles submerged in as much as {{convert|2|ft|m|abbr=on}} of water.<ref>{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Miami, Florida|title=Florida Event Report: Flash Flood|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=125888|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> Generally lesser rainfall totals occurred across the Southeastern United States,{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}} though record daily accumulations around {{convert|3.43|in|mm|abbr=on}} resulted in minor flooding in [[Wilmington, North Carolina]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Tropical Storm Cristobal weakens along N.C. coast|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/weather/storms/2008-07-19-cristobal_N.htm|newspaper=[[USA Today]]|date=July 20, 2008|access-date=May 12, 2019|archive-date=January 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112150649/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/weather/storms/2008-07-19-cristobal_N.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Moisture from the tropical cyclone became intertwined with an approaching frontal system, producing a maximum rainfall total of {{convert|6.5|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Baccaro, Nova Scotia]]. Basements were flooded and roads were washed out along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia.<ref name="canada">{{cite report|author=Canada|title=Review of the Past Hurricane Season: Reports of Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Disturbances and Related Flooding during 2008|url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/Meetings/HC31/documents/Doc4.2.2_Canada.doc|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=May 12, 2019|format=DOC}}</ref>
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===Hurricane Dolly===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = File:Dolly 2008-07-21 1415Z.png
 | Track             = Dolly 2008 track.png
 | Formed            = July 20
 | Dissipated        = July 25
 | 1-min winds       = 85
 | Pressure          = 963
}} 
{{Main|Hurricane Dolly (2008)}}
A tropical wave emerged off Africa on July&nbsp;11. As the wave moved west into the Caribbean, it produced gale-force winds and its satellite presentation resembled that of a tropical storm at times. However, the system did not develop a well-defined circulation until around 12:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;20, at which time it was designated as Tropical Storm Dolly about {{convert|310|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} east of [[Chetumal]], [[Quintana Roo]]. On a northwest course, the cyclone failed to organize initially; however, a more conducive environment in the Gulf of Mexico allowed Dolly to attain hurricane strength by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;23 and reach its peak as a Category&nbsp;2 hurricane with winds of {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} twelve hours later. Dry air and cooler waters eroded the storm's eyewall after peak intensity, but Dolly still harbored winds of {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} at its landfall on South Padre Island, Texas, at 18:20&nbsp;UTC. It made a second landfall on the Texas mainland at a slightly reduced strength two hours later. Once inland, Dolly weakened to a tropical storm early on July&nbsp;24 and ultimately degenerated to a remnant low around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on July&nbsp;26. The remnant low turned north and crossed the Mexico–United States border before losing its identity over New Mexico early on July&nbsp;27.<ref name="Dtcr">{{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch|author2=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Dolly|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL042008_Dolly.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 22, 2009|access-date=February 11, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

In its early stages, mudslides generated by heavy rainfall from the storm caused 21&nbsp;deaths in [[Guatemala]].<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/hazards/200807#tropical|title=Global Hazards - July 2008|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|access-date=March 6, 2020}}</ref> As the storm progressed across the Yucatán Peninsula, it produced significant [[Coastal erosion|beach erosion]] in [[Cancún]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Adriana Varillas|title=Tormenta 'Dolly' se llevó la arena de playas de Cancún|url=http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/69114.html|newspaper=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]]|date=July 23, 2008|access-date=May 12, 2019|language=es}}</ref> Offshore, the body of a fisherman was recovered while three others were purported missing.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dos muertos y tres desaparecidos en México por el paso de "Dolly"|url=https://www.ultimahora.com/dos-muertos-y-tres-desaparecidos-mexico-el-paso-dolly-n137973.html|newspaper=[[Última Hora (Nuevo Laredo)|Última Hora]]|date=July 24, 2008|access-date=May 12, 2019|language=es}}</ref> Offshore the [[Florida Panhandle]], one person drowned in rough surf. In Texas, the hurricane caused moderate structural damage to the roofs of homes on South Padre Island, where maximum sustained winds of {{convert|78|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, gusting to {{convert|107|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, were recorded. Some buildings of lesser construction were severely damaged as well. Extensive damage to trees and utility poles occurred throughout [[Cameron County, Texas|Cameron]] and [[Willacy County, Texas|Willacy]] counties. Six weak tornadoes or waterspouts were recorded, but generally minor damage was observed. Widespread heavy rainfall occurred throughout southern Texas, with a concentration of {{convert|15|in|mm|abbr=on}} near [[Harlingen, Texas|Harlingen]]; this rainfall caused severe inland flooding. Farther south in Mexico, a hurricane research team east of [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas]], recorded sustained winds of {{convert|96|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, gusting to {{convert|119|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Dtcr" /> In the city itself, downed power lines fell into floodwaters, electrocuting a man.<ref>{{cite news|author=Roberto Aguilar Grimaldo|title=Reportan un muerto por Dolly en Matamoros|url=http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/524923.html|newspaper=El Universal|date=July 24, 2008|access-date=May 12, 2019|language=es}}</ref> The remnants of the storm heavy impacted [[Ciudad Juárez|Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua]], where five homes and a historic church were collapsed and about {{convert|2,840|acre|ha|abbr=off}} of corn and barley were ruined.<ref>{{cite news|title=Un deceso en Juárez por los remanentes de Dolly|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/2008/07/29/index.php?section=estados&article=036n1est|newspaper=[[La Jornada]]|date=July 29, 2008|access-date=May 12, 2019|language=es}}</ref> Farther north in New Mexico, an estimated 350–500 structures were damaged, roads and bridges were washed out, and one man was swept away by the swollen [[Rio Ruidoso]] river.<ref>{{cite web|author=Alicia Caldwell|title=Body found in debris from N.M. flash flooding|url=https://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Jul28/0,4670,NewMexicoFlooding,00.html|publisher=Fox News|date=July 28, 2008|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> In nearby [[El Paso, Texas]], homes and streets were flooded, and one indirect death occurred when a driver rolled over after hitting a puddle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hurricane Dolly remnants bring downpour to El Paso|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-07-26-3619337133_x.htm|newspaper=USA Today|date=July 26, 2008|access-date=May 12, 2019}}</ref> Overall, Dolly caused at least $1.6&nbsp;billion in damage, with $1.3&nbsp;billion in the United States and $300&nbsp;million in Mexico.<ref name="billion1980-2019"/><ref name="Bloomberg damage estimates"/>
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===Tropical Storm Edouard===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Edouard 2008-08-04.jpg
 | Track             = Edouard 2008 track.png
 | Formed            = August 3
 | Dissipated        = August 6
 | 1-min winds       = 55
 | Pressure          = 996
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Edouard (2008)}}
A trough developed across the northern Gulf of Mexico on August&nbsp;2 and quickly developed into a tropical depression about {{convert|85|mi|km}} southeast of the mouth of the [[Mississippi River]] around 12:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;3. The depression moved westward and intensified into Tropical Storm Edouard on August&nbsp;4. The impacts of northerly wind shear initially curtailed intensification; the following day, however, a more favorable environmental regime allowed the storm to attain maximum winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Edouard made landfall near the [[McFaddin and Texas Point National Wildlife Refuges]] at 12:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;5 at peak strength. The system quickly weakened once inland and was downgraded to a tropical depression early on August&nbsp;6 before degenerating into a remnant low at 06:00&nbsp;UTC that day. It continued to move northwestward across Texas and dissipated around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;7.<ref name="Etcr">{{cite report|author=James L. Franklin|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Edouard|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL052008_Edouard.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 14, 2008|access-date=May 13, 2019|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Rough surf and rip currents led to the deaths of three men in Panama City Beach, Florida,<ref>{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tallahassee, Florida|title=Florida Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=127679|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tallahassee, Florida|title=Florida Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=127671|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tallahassee, Florida|title=Florida Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=127674|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> a fourth man in [[Perdido Key, Florida|Perdido Key]],<ref>{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Mobile, Alabama|title=Florida Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=130839|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> a fifth man at [[Orange Beach, Alabama]],<ref>{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Mobile, Alabama|title=Alabama Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=130841|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> and a sixth man near the mouth of the [[Mississippi River]].<ref name="Etcr" /> Wind gusts in Louisiana peaked at {{convert|62|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, ripping the roofs of mobile homes, downing numerous trees, and toppling power lines across [[Cameron Parish, Louisiana|Cameron]], [[Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana|Calcasieu]], and [[Vermilion Parish, Louisiana|Vermilion]] parishes. Along the coastline, storm tides generally varied between {{convert|4|–|5|ft|m|abbr=on}}, with a peak of {{convert|5.09|ft|m|abbr=on}} near [[Intracoastal City, Louisiana|Intracoastal City]]. This contributed to minor inland flooding.<ref>{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Lake Charles, Louisiana|title=Louisiana Event Report: Tropical Storm|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=133452|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> In Texas, rainfall peaked at {{convert|6.48|in|mm|abbr=on}} near [[Baytown, Texas|Baytown]], leading to the inundation of dozens of homes. Several roadways, including a portion of [[Interstate 10 in Texas|Interstate 10]], were closed across [[Chambers County, Texas|Chambers]] and [[Harris County, Texas|Harris]] counties.<ref name="Etcr" /> Sustained winds of {{convert|56|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, gusting to {{convert|71|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, brought down trees and power lines while inflicting minor roof damage to hundreds of homes.<ref>{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Lake Charles, Louisiana|title=Texas Event Report: Tropical Storm|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=133458|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> Overall Edouard caused about $800,000 in damage, with about $350,000 in Louisiana and $450,000 in Texas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=ALL&beginDate_mm=08&beginDate_dd=03&beginDate_yyyy=2008&endDate_mm=08&endDate_dd=06&endDate_yyyy=2008&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=22%2CLOUISIANA|title=Storm Events Database|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|date=2008|access-date=March 6, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=ALL&beginDate_mm=08&beginDate_dd=03&beginDate_yyyy=2008&endDate_mm=08&endDate_dd=08&endDate_yyyy=2008&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=48%2CTEXAS|title=Storm Events Database|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|date=2008|access-date=March 6, 2020}}</ref>
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===Tropical Storm Fay===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Fay 19 aug 2008 1615Z Cropped.jpg
 | Track             = Fay 2008 track.png
 | Formed            = August 15
 | Dissipated        = August 27
 | 1-min winds       = 60
 | Pressure          = 986
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Fay (2008)}}
{{See also|2008 Tropical Storm Fay tornado outbreak}}
A tropical wave emerged from Africa on August&nbsp;6 and moved swiftly across the Atlantic, developing into a tropical depression by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;15 while near the northwestern tip of Puerto Rico. The depression intensified into Tropical Storm Fay as it struck the coastline of Haiti, and it maintained its status as a minimal tropical storm while progressing through the [[Cayman Trough]] and into south-central Cuba. Fay curved north and zigzagged across Florida, making a record four separate landfalls in the state. The first occurred near [[Key West, Florida|Key West]] on August&nbsp;18 and the second just east of [[Cape Romano]] on August&nbsp;19. While inland over [[Lake Okeechobee]], Fay developed a well-defined eye and reached peak winds of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The third landfall occurred near [[Flagler Beach, Florida|Flagler Beach]] on August&nbsp;21 and the final southwest of [[Carrabelle, Florida|Carrabelle]] on August&nbsp;23. The cyclone weakened to a tropical depression in the Florida Panhandle on August&nbsp;24 and moved northwest into Mississippi before making an abrupt turn to the northeast the following day. It merged with a frontal boundary and became extratropical around 06:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;27. The low was ultimately absorbed by a larger extratropical system over Kentucky early the next morning.<ref name="Ftcr">{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart|author2=John L. Beven II|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Fay|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL062008_Fay.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=February 8, 2009|access-date=May 13, 2019|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Throughout the Caribbean, Fay contributed to at least 16&nbsp;deaths: 10&nbsp;in Haiti,<ref name="2010CRED">{{cite report|author=Dr. Debarati Guha-Sapir|title=Disasters in Numbers 2009 and the Decade|url=https://www.emdat.be/sites/default/files/PressConference_Presentation.pdf|publisher=Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters|work=Emergency Events Database|date=January 28, 2010|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> 5&nbsp;in the Dominican Republic,<ref name="Ftcr"/> and 1&nbsp;in Jamaica.<ref>{{cite news|title=Killer storm Fay may become hurricane before hitting Florida|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-08-19/killer-storm-fay-may-become-hurricane-before/481256|newspaper=ABC News|date=August 18, 2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> Many of these deaths were resultant from the storm's prolific rainfall, with numerous weather stations across the Dominican Republic and Cuba reporting accumulations of {{convert|7|–|10|in|mm|abbr=on}}; Agabama, Cuba, recorded a localized maximum of {{convert|18.23|in|mm|abbr=on}}. The combination of heavy rainfall and gusty winds resulted in over 2,400&nbsp;homes being damaged across the Dominican Republic. Similar destruction was reported in Haiti, particularly on [[Gonâve Island]]. As Fay meandered across Florida, it produced widespread torrential rainfall there, with accumulations peaking at a record {{convert|27.65|in|mm|abbr=on}} in the city of [[Melbourne, Florida|Melbourne]]. While run-off ultimately helped replenish Lake Okeechobee and surrounding reservoirs,<ref name="Ftcr" /> the immediate impact of the rain event was more destructive. Thousands of residences were inundated,<ref>{{cite web|author=Satta Sarmah|title=Fay led unrelenting barrage of storms|url=https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-2008-11-30-hurricane30-story.html|newspaper=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|date=November 30, 2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> some with as much as {{convert|5|ft|m|abbr=on}} of water, and sewage systems were congested. Numerous trees were felled, and downed power lines cut electricity to tens of thousands of homes.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tropical Storm Fay floods hundreds of homes|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna26226503|newspaper=NBC News|date=August 20, 2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> Fay was a prolific tornado producer, with 81 confirmations across 5&nbsp;states: 19&nbsp;in Florida, 17&nbsp;in Georgia, 16&nbsp;in North Carolina, 15&nbsp;in Alabama, and 14&nbsp;in South Carolina. A majority were short-lived and weak.<ref name="Ftcr" /> Overall, Fay caused seventeen deaths in the United States: fifteen in Florida,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45650306/florida-today/|author=Jim Ash|title=Central, South Fla. brace for Ike's rain|date=September 9, 2008|newspaper=Florida Today|access-date=February 26, 2020|via=Newspapers.com}} {{free access}}</ref> one in Georgia,<ref>{{cite news|title=Boy Drowns in Cairo: Funeral Set|url=https://www.wctv.tv/home/headlines/27316264.html|newspaper=WCTV News|date=August 23, 2008|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514012216/https://www.wctv.tv/home/headlines/27316264.html|archive-date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> and one in Alabama.<ref>{{cite news|author=Brendan Kirby|title=Death blamed on Fay|url=http://blog.al.com/live/2008/08/death_blamed_on_fay.html|newspaper=AL.com|date=August 25, 2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> Throughout all areas impacted, Fay caused about $560&nbsp;million in damage.<ref name="Ftcr" />
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===Hurricane Gustav===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = File:Gustav_2008-08-30.jpg
 | Track             = Gustav 2008 path.png
 | Formed            = August 25
 | Dissipated        = September 4
 | 1-min winds       = 135
 | Pressure          = 941
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Gustav}}
{{See also|Meteorological history of Hurricane Gustav}}
A tropical wave departed Africa on August&nbsp;13, coalescing into a tropical depression south of Puerto Rico by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;25 and intensifying into Tropical Storm Gustav twelve hours later. With a small inner core, the system rapidly strengthened to a hurricane early on August&nbsp;26 before striking the southwestern peninsula of Haiti later that day. Gustav weakened while traversing Haiti and Jamaica but quickly restrengthened over the northwestern Caribbean, reaching winds of {{convert|145|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} before making landfall on the [[Isla de la Juventud|Isle of Youth]], and striking the mainland just east of [[Los Palacios|Los Palacios, Cuba]], with winds of {{convert|155|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} later on August&nbsp;30. Plagued by wind shear and dry air, the hurricane did not re-intensify over the Gulf of Mexico, instead making a final landfall near [[Cocodrie, Louisiana]], at 15:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;1 with winds of {{convert|105|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. Gustav continued northwest, weakening to a tropical depression over northern Louisiana before merging with a cold front over northern Arkansas around 12:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;4. The remnants accelerated northeast and merged with another extratropical low over the Great Lakes later on September&nbsp;5.<ref name="Gtcr">{{cite report|author=John L. Beven II|author2=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Gustav|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL072008_Gustav.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 22, 2009|access-date=May 13, 2019|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Throughout the Dominican Republic, over 1,239&nbsp;homes were damaged, of which 12&nbsp;were destroyed, and about 50&nbsp;communities were isolated. Eight people were killed in a mudslide.<ref>{{cite report|title=Tropical Storm Gustav OCHA Situation Report No. 3|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/cayman-islands/tropical-storm-gustav-ocha-situation-report-no-3|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=August 30, 2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> In neighboring Haiti, some 10,250&nbsp;homes were damaged, including about 2,100&nbsp;that were destroyed.<ref>{{cite report|title=Haiti: IOM aids hurricane Gustav victims|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/haiti/haiti-iom-aids-hurricane-gustav-victims|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 2, 2008|access-date=May 13, 2019}}</ref> Eighty-five people were killed.<ref name="2010CRED" /> The storm caused $210&nbsp;million in damage across Jamaica and resulted in 15&nbsp;deaths.<ref name="Gtcr" /> The impact of Gustav was ruinous across the Isle of Youth and mainland Cuba, where sustained winds of {{convert|155|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and gusts up to {{convert|211|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} resulted in damage to 120,509&nbsp;structures (about 21,941&nbsp;beyond repair).<ref name="cuba"/> The {{convert|211|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} wind gust, observed at Paso Real de San Diego weather station in [[Pinar del Río Province]], was the second highest wind gust ever recorded on land in a tropical cyclone, behind only [[Cyclone Olivia]]'s {{convert|253|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} gust on [[Barrow Island (Western Australia)|Barrow Island]], [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/a-new-world-record-wind-gust-253-mph-in-australias-tropical-cyclone-.html|title=A new world record wind gust: 253 mph in Australia's Tropical Cyclone Olivia|author=Jeff Masters|date=January 27, 2010|publisher=Weather Underground|access-date=March 6, 2020}}</ref> A total of 140&nbsp;electrical towers were destroyed, laying waste to {{convert|809|mi|km|abbr=on}} of power lines and cutting power to much of the area. Dozens of residents were injured but no deaths occurred. The estimated cost of the storm fell just shy of $2.1&nbsp;billion.<ref name="cuba">{{cite report|author=Government of Cuba|title=Review of the Past Hurricane Season: Reports of Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Disturbances and Related Flooding during 2008|url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/Meetings/HC31/documents/Doc.4.2.8_Cuba.doc|date=April 2009|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=May 14, 2019|format=DOC}}</ref> Upon striking the United States, Gustav produced strong winds that damaged the roofs and windows of many structures,<ref>{{cite news|author=Ben Lundin|author2=Matthew Pleasant|author3=Robert Zullo|title=Picture begins to emerge of Gustav's damage|url=https://www.houmatoday.com/news/20080901/picture-begins-to-emerge-of-gustavs-damage|newspaper=[[The Houma Courier]]|date=September 1, 2008|access-date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> as well as a large storm surge along the coastline of Louisiana which overtopped levees and floodwalls in [[New Orleans]]. Widespread heavy rainfall contributed to significant inland flooding from Louisiana into Arkansas. Tornadoes were confirmed throughout the region, including 21 in Mississippi, 11&nbsp;in Louisiana, 6&nbsp;in Florida, 2&nbsp;in Arkansas, and 1&nbsp;in Alabama. In total, Gustav cost $6&nbsp;billion in the United States and killed 53&nbsp;people: 48&nbsp;in Louisiana, 4&nbsp;in Florida, and 1&nbsp;at sea.<ref name="Gtcr" /><ref name="costliest">{{cite web|title=Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables updated|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/news/UpdatedCostliest.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 26, 2018|access-date=May 14, 2019|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>
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===Hurricane Hanna===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Hanna 2008-09-01.jpg
 | Track             = Hanna 2008 track.png
 | Formed            = August 28
 | Dissipated        = September 7
 | 1-min winds       = 75
 | Pressure          = 977
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Hanna (2008)}}
A tropical wave entered the Atlantic on August&nbsp;19, leading to the formation of a tropical depression around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on August&nbsp;28 approximately {{convert|315|mi|km|round=5|abbr=on}} east-northeast of the northernmost Leeward Islands. Twelve hours later, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Hanna. Interaction between the cyclone and an upper-level low kept Hanna fairly steady-state for several days, with its appearance briefly resembling that of a subtropical storm. Meanwhile, a building ridge over the eastern United States forced the storm to dive south. A reprieve in upper-level winds allowed Hanna to attain hurricane strength at 18:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;1 and reach peak winds of {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} six hours later. However, the aforementioned ridge soon began to impart northerly wind shear, and the cyclone weakened accordingly. A second upper-level low caused Hanna to conduct a counter-clockwise loop north of Haiti before reaching the western periphery of the subtropical ridge, sending the storm ashore near the North Carolina–South Carolina border at 07:20&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;6 with winds of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. It curved northeast once inland, merging with one cold front over southern New England and a second near Newfoundland.<ref name="Htcr">{{cite report|author=Daniel P. Brown|author2=Todd B. Kimberlain|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Hanna|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL082008_Hanna.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 17, 2008|access-date=February 11, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Hanna produced heavy rainfall across mountainous sections of Puerto Rico, leading to mudslides that damaged bridges and roads. Strong winds downed trees and power lines. Damage across the Turks and Caicos Islands in the wake of the storm was presumed to have been minor—confined to some roof damage to homes—but damage assessments were limited given the impact of Hurricane Ike less than a week later. Across Hispaniola, torrential rainfall exacerbated flooding that had already occurred during Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricane Gustav. While the exact death toll is indiscernible due to the quick succession of tropical cyclones,<ref name="Htcr" /> Hanna is believed to have killed at least 529&nbsp;people in Haiti, most in the commune of [[Gonaïves]], as well as 1&nbsp;person in the Dominican Republic.<ref name="2010CRED" /> Along the coastline of the United States, rip currents killed one person at [[Kure Beach, North Carolina]] and another in [[Spring Lake, New Jersey]].<ref name="ncdc-wilmington">{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Wilmington, North Carolina|title=North Carolina Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=129975|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 14, 2019}}</ref><ref name="ncdc-philly">{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|title=Pennsylvania Event Report: Rip Current|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=136034|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Gusty winds downed trees and power lines that cut electricity along the Eastern seaboard. Storm surge and heavy rainfall contributed to flooding, particularly in low-lying locales and across New Hampshire. One person drowned in a South Carolina drainage ditch.<ref>{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Wilmington, North Carolina|title=South Carolina Event Report: Heavy Rain|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=136443|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 14, 2019}}</ref> Total damage was estimated at $160&nbsp;million.<ref name="Htcr" />
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===Hurricane Ike===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Ike 2008-09-04 1440Z.jpg
 | Track             = Ike 2008 path.png
 | Formed            = September 1
 | Dissipated        = September 14
 | 1-min winds       = 125
 | Pressure          = 935
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Ike}}
{{See also|Effects of Hurricane Ike in Texas|Effects of Hurricane Ike in inland North America}}
At 06:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;1, the season's ninth tropical depression developed from a well-defined tropical wave that left Africa on August&nbsp;28. A strong subtropical ridge to the depression's north directed it on a west-northwest path for several days, while environmental conditions allowed for quick intensification. It intensified into Tropical Storm Ike six hours after formation and, on September&nbsp;3, began a 24-hour period of rapid intensification that saw its winds increase from {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} to a peak of {{convert|145|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The ridge to Ike's north soon amplified, forcing the hurricane on an unusual, prolonged southwest track while also imparting increased wind shear. After briefly weakening below major hurricane strength, a relaxation in the upper-level winds allowed Ike to reattain Category&nbsp;4 strength while entering the Turks and Caicos Islands; it then made several landfalls at a slightly reduced intensity. Winds again increased to {{convert|130|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} as Ike moved ashore near Cabo Lucrecia, Cuba. Land interaction prompted structural changes to the storm's core, and Ike only slowly rebounded to an intensity of {{convert|110|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} before its landfall on the northern end of Galveston Island, Texas, early on September&nbsp;13. Ike curved northeast once inland, interacting with a front the next morning and merging with another low near the [[Saint Lawrence River]] on the afternoon of September&nbsp;15.<ref name="Itcr">{{cite report|author=Robbie J. Berg|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Ike|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092008_Ike.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 23, 2009|access-date=February 11, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

In Haiti, Ike compounded the flooding disaster imparted by previous storms Fay, Gustav, and Hanna. The country's food supply, shelter, and transportation networks were ruined. At least 74&nbsp;deaths were attributed to the hurricane in Haiti, and an additional 2&nbsp;occurred in the Dominican Republic. In the Turks and Caicos Islands, about 95&nbsp;percent of all houses on [[Grand Turk Island]] were damaged, 20&nbsp;percent of which severely so. An equal proportion of homes were damaged in [[South Caicos]], including over one-third that were significantly damaged or destroyed. The agricultural and fishing industries suffered significant losses too. The highest concentration of damage in the Bahamas occurred on [[Inagua]], where 70–80&nbsp;percent of houses sustained roof damage, of which approximately 25&nbsp;percent saw major damage or were destroyed. Throughout both archipelagos, damage climbed to between $50–200&nbsp;million.<ref name="Itcr" /> In Cuba, nearly a quarter of the island's population, 2.6&nbsp;million people, was evacuated in advance of the storm; as a result, only seven deaths were reported. However, structural damage was catastrophic, with 511,259&nbsp;homes damaged (about 61,202&nbsp;of which were total losses). About 4,000&nbsp;metric tons (4,410&nbsp;st) of foodstuffs were ruined in storage facilities while the island's crops as a whole sustained serious damage.<ref name="cuba" /> Floodwaters cut off several communities as roads were inundated and bridges were swept away.<ref name="Itcr" /> Ike was estimated to have caused about $7.3&nbsp;billion in damage across Cuba, making it the costliest hurricane on record there until [[Hurricane Irma]] in [[2017 Atlantic hurricane season|2017]].<ref name="cuba" /><ref>{{cite report|title=Cuba: Hurricane Irma - Revised Emergency appeal (MDRCU004)|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/cuba/cuba-hurricane-irma-revised-emergency-appeal-mdrcu004|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=June 5, 2018|access-date=May 20, 2019}}</ref>

While progressing across the Gulf of Mexico, Ike's slow movement and unusually large wind field led to a huge storm surge, upwards of {{convert|15|–|20|ft|m|abbr=on}}, that devastated the Texas coastline. The storm's destruction was most complete on the Bolivar Peninsula, where nearly all homes were wiped off their foundations and demolished. Numerous trees and power lines were downed, cutting power to some 2.6&nbsp;million customers across Texas and Louisiana. Roads were obstructed by both floodwaters and fallen objects. As Ike transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, it produced extensive wind damage across the Ohio River Valley. In Ohio alone, 2.6&nbsp;million people lost power. Insured losses climbed to $1.1&nbsp;billion, comparable to the Xenia tornado of the [[1974 Super Outbreak]] in terms of being the costliest natural disaster in the history of Ohio.<ref name="Itcr" /> Throughout the United States, Ike killed 74&nbsp;people in Texas,<ref>{{cite journal|author=David F. Zane|display-authors=etal|title=Tracking Deaths Related to Hurricane Ike, Texas, 2008|journal=Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1001/dmp.2011.8|volume=5|issue=1|date=March 2011|pages=23–28|pmid=21402823|s2cid=34372746}}</ref> 28&nbsp;people across the Ohio River Valley,<ref name="Itcr" /> 6&nbsp;people in Louisiana,<ref>{{cite news|title=7:43 a.m.: Hurricane Ike deaths, state by state|url=https://www.heraldbulletin.com/news/local_news/a-m-hurricane-ike-deaths-state-by-state/article_3897186d-0095-56f7-bdbb-94b3c2873273.html|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The Herald Bulletin|date=September 15, 2008|access-date=February 22, 2020}}</ref> and 1&nbsp;person in Arkansas.<ref name="Itcr" /> Damage reached $30&nbsp;billion.<ref name="costliest" /> Farther north in Canada, the remnants of Ike produced record rainfall and high winds across portions of Ontario and Québec.<ref name="Itcr" />
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===Tropical Storm Josephine===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Josephine 2008-09-03 1220Z.jpg
 | Track             = Josephine 2008 track.png
 | Formed            = September 2
 | Dissipated        = September 6
 | 1-min winds       = 55
 | Pressure          = 994
}}
A strong tropical wave accompanied by a surface low departed Africa late on August&nbsp;31. The system began to organize almost immediately after entering the Atlantic, developing into a tropical depression around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;2 and intensifying into Tropical Storm Josephine six hours later. On a west to west-northwest heading, the cyclone steadily intensified and attained peak winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} early on September&nbsp;3. An exceptionally strong upper-level trough, aided by outflow from nearby Hurricane Ike, prompted a weakening trend thereafter. Despite intermittent bursts of convection, Josephine weakened to a tropical depression around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;6 and degenerated to a remnant low six hours later. The low ultimately dissipated on September&nbsp;10.<ref>{{cite report|author=Eric S. Blake|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Josephine|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL102008_Josephine.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 5, 2008|access-date=February 10, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> The storm's remnants impacted Saint Croix early on September&nbsp;12, producing localized heavy rainfall that flooded roadways.<ref>{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Juan, Puerto Rico|title=Puerto Rico Event Report: Heavy Rain|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=137163|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 15, 2019}}</ref>
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===Hurricane Kyle===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Kyle 2008-09-27 1800Z.jpg
 | Track             = Kyle 2008 track.png
 | Formed            = September 25
 | Dissipated        = September 29
 | 1-min winds       = 75
 | Pressure          = 984
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Kyle (2008)}}
A tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa on September&nbsp;12. The westward-moving feature crossed the Windward Islands on September&nbsp;19 and began to interact with a strong upper-level trough, leading to an increase in convection and a more evident circulation center. Steering currents directed the disturbance into the southwest Atlantic, where a decrease in wind shear led to the formation of a tropical depression by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;25 and organization into Tropical Storm Kyle six hours later. Gradual intensification occurred as the cyclone passed well west of Bermuda; it attained hurricane strength around 12:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;27 and reached peak winds of {{convert|85|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} a day later. After making landfall just north of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, at 00:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;29, Kyle accelerated northeastward. The storm developed a frontal structure as convection became elongated and asymmetric, leading to its extratropical transition by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;29. A larger extratropical low absorbed it about a day later.<ref name="Ktcr">{{cite report|author=Lixion A. Avila|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Kyle|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL112008_Kyle.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=December 5, 2008|access-date=February 9, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

The precursor disturbance to Kyle produced up to {{convert|30.47|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rainfall in Puerto Rico,{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}} resulting in numerous flash floods and mudslides that killed six people.<ref name="Ktcr" /> About $48&nbsp;million in damage occurred in Puerto Rico.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=ALL&beginDate_mm=09&beginDate_dd=15&beginDate_yyyy=2008&endDate_mm=09&endDate_dd=30&endDate_yyyy=2008&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=99%2CPUERTO+RICO|date=2009|title=Storm Events Database|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Juan, Puerto Rico|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=136057|title=Event Details: Flash Flood|date=2009|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Juan, Puerto Rico|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|access-date=February 27, 2020}}</ref> In rain-stricken Haiti, heavy rainfall caused the Orangers River to overflow its banks, resulting in severe damage to homes in [[Jacmel]].<ref>{{cite report|title=Caribbean Hurricane Season OCHA Situation Report No. 18|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/haiti/caribbean-hurricane-season-ocha-situation-report-no-18|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=September 25, 2008|access-date=May 15, 2019}}</ref> In the Northeastern United States, two people were killed by large waves in [[Rhode Island]]. Heavy rainfall across Massachusetts and Connecticut led to significant flooding.<ref>{{cite report|work=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Boston, Massachusetts|title=Rhode Island Event Report: High Surf|url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=137027|publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information|year=2008|access-date=May 15, 2019}}</ref> Kyle produced hurricane-force winds along the southwestern coastline of Nova Scotia that uprooted trees while damaging boats, docks, wharves, and a building under construction.<ref name="Ktcr" /> More than 40,000&nbsp;customers were left without electricity at the height of the storm. Coastal locales were inundated by a combination of storm surge, large waves, and high tides, particularly in [[Shelburne, Nova Scotia|Shelburne]], where streets were flooded.<ref name="canada" /> Kyle and its remnants caused roughly $9&nbsp;million in damage in Canada.<ref name="Ktcr" />
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===Tropical Storm Laura===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = 20080929-laura-full.jpg
 | Track             = Laura 2008 track.png
 | Formed            = September 29
 | Dissipated        = October 1
 | 1-min winds       = 50
 | Pressure          = 994
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Laura (2008)}}
On September&nbsp;26, a non-tropical low formed along a quasi-stationary front well west of the Azores. This feature organized into Subtropical Storm Laura by 06:00&nbsp;UTC on September&nbsp;29 after shedding its frontal boundaries, and it further developed into a fully tropical system on September&nbsp;30 as deep convection formed over the center. A northward motion brought the storm over progressively cooler waters on October&nbsp;1, and it degenerated to a remnant area of low pressure by 12:00&nbsp;UTC that day. The low merged with a front less than 24&nbsp;hours later and existed as an extratropical entity until being absorbed by a larger non-tropical low west of the British Isles on October&nbsp;4.<ref>{{cite report|author=Richard J. Pasch|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Laura|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL122008_Laura.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=February 4, 2009|access-date=February 7, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> The remnants of Laura produced heavy rainfall on already-saturated ground across the northwestern United Kingdom, overflowing drainage systems and closing roads.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical storm brings floods|url=http://www.thewestmorlandgazette.co.uk/news/3728628.Tropical_storm_brings_floods/|newspaper=[[The Westmorland Gazette]]|date=October 4, 2008|access-date=May 15, 2019}}</ref> In eastern Norway, strong winds downed trees onto roadways and cut power to 10,000&nbsp;households.<ref>{{cite news|author=Agnes Svalastog|title=Kraftig uvær på Østlandet|url=https://www.nrk.no/norge/kraftig-uvaer-pa-ostlandet-1.6247956|newspaper=NRK|date=October 5, 2008|access-date=May 15, 2019|language=no}}</ref>
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===Tropical Storm Marco===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Marco 6 oct 2008.jpg
 | Track             = Marco 2008 track.png
 | Formed            = October 6
 | Dissipated        = October 7
 | 1-min winds       = 55
 | Pressure          = 998
}}
{{Main|Tropical Storm Marco (2008)}}
A broad area of low pressure persisted across the northwestern Caribbean Sea through the end of September. A tropical wave reached the southwestern Caribbean on October&nbsp;4, aiding in the formation of a circulation center near Belize. The low tracked across Yucatán Peninsula and, following an increase in convection while over the [[Laguna de Términos]], organized into a tropical depression around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;6. The newly formed cyclone entered the Bay of Campeche a few hours later and quickly intensified into a tropical storm—the smallest on record in the Atlantic Ocean. Favorable anticyclonic flow aloft aided in continued development of the tightly coiled storm, and Marco attained peak winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} early on October&nbsp;7, an intensity it maintained through landfall east of [[Misantla]] around 12:00&nbsp;UTC that day. Marco's tiny circulation quickly weakened once inland, dissipating by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;8. Impacts from the storm were generally minor,<ref>{{cite report|author=James L. Franklin|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Marco|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL132008_Marco.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 14, 2008|access-date=February 7, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> though some low-lying cities were flooded by heavy rainfall.<ref>{{cite news|author=Miguel Angel Hernandez|title=Tropical Storm Marco hits Mexico's Gulf coast|url=https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/2008-10-07-tropical-storm-marco_N.htm|newspaper=USA Today|date=October 7, 2008|access-date=May 15, 2019}}</ref>
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===Tropical Storm Nana===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Nana 12 oct 2008 1535Z.jpg
 | Track             = Nana 2008 track.png
 | Formed            = October 12
 | Dissipated        = October 14
 | 1-min winds       = 35
 | Pressure          = 1004
}}
A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on October&nbsp;6, accompanied by a broad area of low pressure. The system organized as bands of convection coalesced around the center, leading to the formation of a tropical depression around 06:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;12. On a west-northwest course, the depression quickly strengthened into Tropical Storm Nana and attained peak winds of {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The effects of strong wind shear mitigated further organization, weakening the storm back to tropical depression intensity by 12:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;13 and causing it to degenerate to a remnant low a day later. The low turned northwest and dissipated on October&nbsp;15.<ref>{{cite report|author=Stacy R. Stewart|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Nana|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL142008_Nana.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 28, 2008|access-date=February 10, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>
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===Hurricane Omar===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Omar_2008-10-16.jpg
 | Track             = Omar 2008 track.png
 | Formed            = October 13
 | Dissipated        = October 18
 | 1-min winds       = 115
 | Pressure          = 958
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Omar}}
A tropical wave moved off Africa on September&nbsp;30 and failed to organize appreciably until reaching the eastern Caribbean Sea on October&nbsp;9. There, an increase in convection led to the formation of a tropical depression around 06:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;13; it intensified into Tropical Storm Omar eighteen hours later. A broad upper-level trough to the cyclone's northwest caused it to conduct a counter-clockwise turn and accelerate northeast while also aiding in the onset of an extended period of rapid intensification. Omar attained hurricane strength around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;15 before ultimately reaching peak winds of {{convert|130|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} a little over a day later shortly after passing near Saint Croix. Uncharacteristically, the cyclone was plagued by moderate wind shear during its rapid intensification phase, and a further increase in upper-level winds caused Omar to abruptly weaken. The storm continued northeast through the [[Anegada Passage]] and into the central Atlantic. Omar weakened to a tropical storm around 00:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;18 and degenerating to a remnant low twelve hours later. The low persisted for two days before dissipating.<ref name="Otcr">{{cite report|author=Jack L. Beven II|author2=Christopher W. Landsea|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Omar|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL152008_Omar.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=February 3, 2009|access-date=February 10, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Omar first impacted the [[Netherlands Antilles]], where large waves caused severe damage to coastal facilities. Winds just shy of tropical storm intensity damaged the roofs of homes and downed several trees. The island of [[Aruba]] saw significant flooding from heavy rains. Throughout the [[United States Virgin Islands]], only the eastern sections of Saint Croix received hurricane-force winds, with tropical storm-force winds in surrounding locales. These strong winds nonetheless downed trees and power lines and capsized 94&nbsp;vessels. Landslides damaged roadways. Overall damage was estimated around $5&nbsp;million in Saint Croix.<ref name="Otcr" /> Across the [[Lesser Antilles]], the combination of strong winds and frequent lightning caused widespread power outages. Ships were run aground, structures were damaged, and some communities were isolated. Storm surge was severe in western sections of [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], causing significant damage to coastal property and businesses.<ref>{{cite report|title=Hurricane Omar Situation Report #2|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/dominica/hurricane-omar-situation-report-2|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=October 16, 2008|access-date=May 15, 2019}}</ref> One man died in Puerto Rico after going into cardiac arrest while installing storm shutters.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hurricane Omar Spares Northern Caribbean|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hurricane-omar-spares-northern-caribbean/|work=CBS News|date=October 16, 2008|access-date=May 15, 2019}}</ref> Total damage was estimated at $19&nbsp;million in [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Press Release: IMF Executive Board Approves US$3.4 Million in Emergency Natural Disaster Assistance for St. Kitts and Nevis|url=https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/14/01/49/pr09167|publisher=International Monetary Fund|date=May 15, 2009|access-date=May 15, 2019}}</ref> $54&nbsp;million in [[Antigua and Barbuda]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.antiguaobserver.com/similar-but-different/|title=Similar but different|date=August 22, 2015|newspaper=Antigua Observer|access-date=September 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150823155104/https://antiguaobserver.com/similar-but-different/|archive-date=August 23, 2015}}</ref> and $2.6&nbsp;million in [[Saint Lucia]].<ref>{{cite report|author=Government of Saint Lucia|title=Review of the Past Hurricane Season: Reports of Hurricanes, Tropical Storms, Tropical Disturbances and Related Flooding during 2008|url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/Meetings/HC31/documents/Doc4.2.6_StLucia.doc|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|date=April 2009|access-date=May 15, 2019|format=DOC}}</ref>
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===Tropical Depression Sixteen===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = 16L 2008-10-15 1620Z.jpg
 | Track             = 16-L 2008 track.png
 | Formed            = October 14
 | Dissipated        = October 15
 | 1-min winds       = 25
 | Pressure          = 1004
}}
{{Further|October 2008 Central America floods}}
A tropical wave left Africa on September&nbsp;27 and moved into the southwestern Caribbean Sea on October&nbsp;10, where a broad area of low pressure formed. The low paralleled the coastline of Nicaragua for a few days while associated convection became better organized; this ultimately led to the development of a tropical depression around 12:00&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;14. The storm maintained a poorly-organized structure throughout its duration, with the low-level center embedded within a larger gyre and little central thunderstorm activity. A reconnaissance aircraft measured peak winds of {{convert|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, and the depression maintained these winds as it made landfall just west of Punta Patuca, Honduras, at 12:30&nbsp;UTC on October&nbsp;15. It moved west-southwest and ultimately degenerated over mountainous terrain around 06:00&nbsp;UTC the next day.<ref name="16tcr">{{cite report|author=Daniel P. Brown|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Depression Sixteen|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL162008_Sixteen.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 19, 2008|access-date=February 10, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref> In mid-to-late October, the tropical depression combined with another area of low pressure as well as a cold front to produce torrential rainfall across Central America. In what was described as the region's worst flooding disaster since [[Hurricane Mitch]], crops suffered catastrophic losses, tens of thousands of homes were destroyed, and dozens of people were killed.<ref>{{cite report|title=Honduras and Central America: Floods OCHA Situation Report No. 9|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/honduras/honduras-and-central-america-floods-ocha-situation-report-no-9|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=November 11, 2008|access-date=May 16, 2019}}</ref> At least nine deaths were directly attributed to the depression itself.<ref name="16tcr"/>
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===Hurricane Paloma===
{{Infobox Hurricane Small
 | Basin             = Atl
 | Image             = Paloma 2008-11-08 0315Z.jpg
 | Track             = Paloma 2008 path.png
 | Formed            = November 5
 | Dissipated        = November 10
 | 1-min winds       = 125
 | Pressure          = 944
}}
{{Main|Hurricane Paloma}}
A broad area of disturbed weather developed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea on November&nbsp;1, ultimately coalescing into a tropical depression around 18:00&nbsp;UTC on November&nbsp;5. It moved north amid a favorable environment, becoming Tropical Storm Paloma twelve hours after formation and attaining hurricane intensity by 00:00&nbsp;UTC on November&nbsp;7. An impinging upper-level trough directed Paloma toward the northeast while enhancing outflow, prompting a period of rapid intensification that brought the storm to its peak as a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane with winds of {{convert|145|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} around 12:00&nbsp;UTC on November&nbsp;8, the third strongest November hurricane on record in the Atlantic. An increase in wind shear soon began to take a toll on the cyclone, weakening Paloma to Category&nbsp;2 strength as it made landfall near [[Santa Cruz del Sur, Cuba]], and further to a tropical storm around 06:00&nbsp;UTC on November&nbsp;9. It ultimately degenerated to a remnant low early the next day. The low meandered around Cuba before entering the Gulf of Mexico, and it dissipated south of the Florida Panhandle on November&nbsp;14.<ref name="Ptcr">{{cite report|author=Michael J. Brennan|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Paloma|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL172008_Paloma.pdf|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 26, 2009|access-date=February 10, 2018|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>

Paloma caused significant impacts on [[Cayman Brac]] in the [[Cayman Islands]], where nearly every structure was damaged or destroyed. On nearby [[Little Cayman]], a fewer number of buildings were destroyed while trees and power lines were downed.<ref name="Ptcr" /> Damage across the island chain was estimated at $124.5&nbsp;million.<ref name="macro">{{cite report|title=Macro Socio-Economic Assessment of the Damage and Losses Caused by Hurricane Paloma|url=http://www.caymanprepared.ky/portal/pls/portal/docs/1/10312108.PDF|publisher=United Nations|date=April 2, 2009|access-date=May 16, 2019}}</ref> In Cuba, the combination of hurricane-force winds, torrential rainfall, and significant storm surge along the coastline resulted in damage to 12,159&nbsp;homes; 1,453&nbsp;of these were destroyed. Hundreds of businesses were impacted, dozens of electrical poles were toppled, and over a dozen bridges were damaged. The island's agricultural sector suffered significant loss. Overall, Paloma inflicted about $300&nbsp;million in damage there.<ref name="cuba" /> In Jamaica, rainfall contributed to one death.<ref>{{cite report|author=Jamaica|title=Jamaica's Report on the 2008 Hurricane Season|url=http://www.cmo.org.tt/docs/CMC48/Country%20Reports%202008/Jamaica.doc|publisher=Caribbean Meteorological Organization|year=2008|access-date=May 16, 2019}}</ref> The storm's remnants moved northward into Florida, resulting in a daily rainfall record in [[Tallahassee, Florida|Tallahassee]] and localized heavy rainfall in surrounding locales.<ref>{{cite web|author=Scott Bachmeier|title=Remnants of Hurricane Paloma|url=http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/archives/1350|publisher=CIMSS Satellite Blog|date=November 14, 2008|access-date=May 16, 2019}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Storm names==
{{Tropical cyclone naming}}
The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2008.<ref name="names 2008-13">{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center |title=Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names |year=2008 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=August 4, 2008 |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804225453/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml |archive-date=August 4, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This was the same list used in the [[2002 Atlantic hurricane season|2002 season]],<ref name="NHOP 02">{{cite report|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-P12-2002.pdf|page=3{{hyphen}}7|publisher=[[NOAA]] Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research|location=Washington, D.C.|title=National Hurricane Operations Plan|date=May 2002|access-date=January 21, 2024}}</ref> with the exceptions of ''Ike'' and ''Laura'', which replaced ''[[Hurricane Isidore|Isidore]]'' and ''[[Hurricane Lili|Lili]]'', respectively.<ref name="NHOP 03">{{cite report|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/NHOP-FCM-P12-2003.pdf|page=3{{hyphen}}8|publisher=[[NOAA]] Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research|location=Washington, D.C.|title=National Hurricane Operations Plan|date=May 2003|access-date=January 21, 2024}}</ref><ref name="NHOP 04">{{cite report|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-P12-2004.pdf|page=3{{hyphen}}9|publisher=[[NOAA]] Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research|location=Washington, D.C.|title=National Hurricane Operations Plan|date=May 2004|access-date=January 21, 2024}}</ref> Storms were named ''Ike'', ''Omar'', and ''Paloma'' for the first (and in the cases of ''Ike'' and ''Paloma'', only) time in 2008. The name ''Laura'' was previously used under the old naming convention.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Simpson|first1=R. H.|last2=Hope|first2=John|title=Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1971|journal=Monthly Weather Review|volume=100|issue=4|pages=256–267|year=1972|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1971.pdf|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1972)100<0256:AHSO>2.3.CO;2|bibcode=1972MWRv..100..256S|s2cid=119771736|access-date=February 8, 2024}}</ref>

{| style="width:90%;"
|-
|
* [[Tropical Storm Arthur (2008)|Arthur]]
* [[Hurricane Bertha (2008)|Bertha]]
* [[Tropical Storm Cristobal (2008)|Cristobal]]
* [[Hurricane Dolly (2008)|Dolly]]
* [[Tropical Storm Edouard (2008)|Edouard]]
* [[Tropical Storm Fay (2008)|Fay]]
* [[Hurricane Gustav|Gustav]]
|
* [[Hurricane Hanna (2008)|Hanna]]
* [[Hurricane Ike|Ike]]
* Josephine
* [[Hurricane Kyle (2008)|Kyle]]
* [[Tropical Storm Laura (2008)|Laura]]
* [[Tropical Storm Marco (2008)|Marco]]
* Nana
|
* [[Hurricane Omar|Omar]]
* [[Hurricane Paloma|Paloma]]
* {{tcname unused|Rene}}
* {{tcname unused|Sally}}
* {{tcname unused|Teddy}}
* {{tcname unused|Vicky}}
* {{tcname unused|Wilfred}}
|}

===Retirement===
{{see also|List of retired Atlantic hurricanes}}
On April&nbsp;22, 2009, at the 31st Session of the RA IV Hurricane Committee, the [[World Meteorological Organization]] retired the names ''Gustav'', ''Ike'', and ''Paloma'' from its rotating North Atlantic basin name lists due to the number of deaths and damage they caused. They were replaced with ''Gonzalo'', ''Isaias'', and ''Paulette'', respectively, for the [[2014 Atlantic hurricane season|2014 season]].<ref>{{cite report|title=RA IV Hurricane Committee Thirty-First Session Final Report|page=11|url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FINALREPORT_HC-31.pdf|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|year=2009|access-date=September 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214851/https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FINALREPORT_HC-31.pdf|archive-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Press Release From The Meteorological Service Netherlands Antilles & Aruba|url=http://pearlfmradio.sx/2009/05/28/press-release-from-the-meteorological-service-netherlands-antilles-aruba/|date=May 28, 2009|publisher=Pearl FM Radio|location=Sint Maarten|access-date=April 12, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gustav, Ike retired as hurricane names|publisher=NBC News|agency=Associated Press|date=May 1, 2009|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/wbna30523207|access-date=April 12, 2024}}</ref>

==Season effects==
This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2008 USD.
{{Saffir-Simpson small|align=center}}
{{TC stats table start3|year=2008|basin=North Atlantic tropical cyclone}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Arthur (2008)|Arthur]]|dates=May 31 – June 2|max-winds=45 (75)|min-press=1004|areas=[[Belize]], [[Yucatán Peninsula]], Southwestern Mexico|damage=$78 million|deaths=5}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat3|name=[[Hurricane Bertha (2008)|Bertha]]|dates=July 3–20|max-winds=125 (205)|min-press=952|areas=[[Cape Verde|Cabo Verde]], [[Bermuda]], [[East Coast of the United States]]|damage=Minimal|deaths=3}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Cristobal (2008)|Cristobal]]|dates=July 19–23|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=998|areas=[[Southeastern United States]], [[Atlantic Canada]]|damage=$10,000|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat2|name=[[Hurricane Dolly (2008)|Dolly]]|dates=July 20–25|max-winds=100 (155)|min-press=963|areas=[[Guatemala]], [[Yucatán Peninsula]], Northeastern Mexico, [[South Central United States]]|damage=$1.6 billion|deaths=26}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Edouard (2008)|Edouard]] |dates=August 3–6|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=996|areas=[[Gulf Coast of the United States]]|damage=$800,000|deaths=6}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Fay (2008)|Fay]]|dates=August 15–27|max-winds=70 (110)|min-press=986|areas=[[Leeward Islands]], [[Greater Antilles]], Southeastern United States|damage=$560 million|deaths=33}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=[[Hurricane Gustav|Gustav]]|dates=August 25 – September 4|max-winds=155 (250)|min-press=941|areas=[[Lesser Antilles]], Greater Antilles, Gulf Coast of the United States, [[Midwestern United States]]|damage=$8.31 billion|deaths=161}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=[[Hurricane Hanna (2008)|Hanna]]|dates=August 28 – September 7|max-winds=85 (140)|min-press=977|areas=[[Puerto Rico]], [[Turks and Caicos Islands]], [[Bahamas]], [[Hispaniola]], [[East Coast of the United States]], Atlantic Canada|damage=$160 million|deaths=533}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=[[Hurricane Ike|Ike]]|dates=September 1–14|max-winds=145 (230)|min-press=935|areas=Hispaniola, Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, Cuba, Gulf Coast of the United States, Midwestern United States, [[Eastern Canada]], [[Iceland]]|damage=$38 billion|deaths=192}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Josephine|dates=September 2–6|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=994|areas=Cabo Verde, Leeward Islands|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat1|name=[[Hurricane Kyle (2008)|Kyle]]|dates=September 25–29|max-winds=85 (140)|min-press=984|areas=Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Bermuda, [[New England]], [[The Maritimes]]|damage=$57.1 million|deaths=8}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Laura (2008)|Laura]]|dates=September 29 – October 1|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=994|areas=[[British Isles]], [[Netherlands]], [[Norway]]|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=[[Tropical Storm Marco (2008)|Marco]]|dates=October 6–7|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=998|areas=Eastern Mexico|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Nana|dates=October 12–14|max-winds=40 (65)|min-press=1004|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=[[Hurricane Omar|Omar]]|dates=October 13–18|max-winds=130 (215)|min-press=958|areas=Lesser Antilles, [[Venezuela]], Puerto Rico|damage=$44.6 million|deaths=1}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=[[October 2008 Central America floods|Sixteen]]|dates=October 14–15|max-winds=30 (45)|min-press=1004|areas=[[Honduras]], Belize|damage=≥ $150 million|deaths=9}}
{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=[[Hurricane Paloma|Paloma]]|dates=November 5–10|max-winds=145 (230)|min-press=944|areas=[[Nicaragua]], [[Honduras]], [[Cayman Islands]], [[Jamaica]], Cuba, The Bahamas, [[Florida]]|damage=$454.5 million|deaths=1}}
{{TC stats table end3|num-cyclones=17|dates=May 30 – November 10|max-winds=155 (250)|min-press=935|tot-areas=|tot-damage=≥ 48.855 billion|tot-deaths=1,074{{#tag:ref|The number of deaths in the table do not add up to 1,074. This is because Fay, Gustav, Hanna, and Ike combined caused 793&nbsp;fatalities in Haiti,<ref name="haiti2008"/> but the highest confirmed totals for each storm in Haiti are 10&nbsp;from Fay, 85&nbsp;from Gustav, 529&nbsp;from Hanna,<ref name="2010CRED"/> and 74&nbsp;from Ike.<ref name="Itcr"/>|group="nb"}}}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
* [[Tropical cyclones in 2008]]
* [[2008 Pacific hurricane season]]
* [[2008 Pacific typhoon season]]
* [[2008 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
* South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: [[2007–08 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2007–08]], [[2008–09 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season|2008–09]]
* Australian region cyclone seasons: [[2007–08 Australian region cyclone season|2007–08]], [[2008–09 Australian region cyclone season|2008–09]]
* South Pacific cyclone seasons: [[2007–08 South Pacific cyclone season|2007–08]], [[2008–09 South Pacific cyclone season|2008–09]]

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4NNfkbzKWo Satellite movie of 2008 Atlantic hurricane season]
* [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/2008.html HPC rainfall page for 2008 Tropical Cyclones]
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ National Hurricane Center Website]
* [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/MIATWOAT.shtml National Hurricane Center's Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook]

{{2008 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}}
{{TC Decades|Year=2000|basin=Atlantic|type=hurricane}}
{{Tropical cyclone season|2008}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2008 Atlantic Hurricane Season}}
[[Category:2008 Atlantic hurricane season| ]]
[[Category:Atlantic hurricane seasons]]
[[Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2008|2008 Atl]]