View source for 2007 Pakistani state of emergency

{{short description|2007 political crisis in Pakistan}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Pervez Musharraf sidebar}}
A '''state of emergency''' was declared by [[President of Pakistan]] [[Pervez Musharraf]] on 3 November 2007 which lasted until 15 December 2007, during which the [[Constitution of Pakistan]] was suspended.<ref name="Dawn">{{cite web | title= Musharraf imposes emergency rule | work=Dawn | url=http://www.dawn.com/2007/11/04/top1.htm|date=3 November 2007| access-date=3 November 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071106032637/http://www.dawn.com/2007/11/04/top1.htm |archivedate = 6 November 2007}}</ref><ref name="CNN">{{cite news | title= Martial law declared in Pakistan|publisher=CNN | url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/11/03/pakistan.emergency/index.html |date=3 November 2007| access-date=3 November 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071104002516/http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/11/03/pakistan.emergency/index.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 4 November 2007}}</ref> When the [[state of emergency]] was declared, Musharraf controversially held both positions of [[President of Pakistan|President]] and [[Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army|Chief of Army Staff]]. He later resigned as army chief 25 days into the emergency on 28 November.<ref>{{cite news|title=Musharraf Quits Pakistani Army Post|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=28 November 2007|access-date=28 November 2007|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/29/world/asia/29pakistan.html|author=Carlotta Gall}}</ref> The state of emergency and its responses are generally attributed to the controversies surrounding the re-election of Musharraf during the [[2007 Pakistani presidential election|presidential election]] on 6 October 2007, including his holding of both offices of President and Chief of Army Staff at the time.

[[Chief Justice of Pakistan]] [[Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry]] reacted promptly to the emergency declaration, convening a seven-member bench which issued an interim order against this action. He also directed the [[Pakistan Armed Forces|armed forces of Pakistan]] not to obey any illegal orders.<ref name="iftikhar">{{cite news |title=Justice Iftikhar 'stayed' emergency, PCO |date=4 November 2007 |newspaper=Daily Times |location=Pakistan |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C11%5C04%5Cstory_4-11-2007_pg7_3 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222205907/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C11%5C04%5Cstory_4-11-2007_pg7_3 |archivedate=22 December 2007 |access-date=23 November 2007 }}</ref> Subsequently, the [[111th Infantry Brigade (Pakistan)|111th Brigade]] of the [[Pakistan Army]] entered the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan Building]] and removed Chaudhry and several other [[judge]]s from the premises and arrested them.

It was announced early that the state of emergency would likely end in late November or early December 2007.<ref>{{cite web| title=Pakistan emergency likely to end in 2–3 weeks: official| publisher=B92 News World World| url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/world-article.php?yyyy=2007&mm=11&dd=07&nav_id=45171| date=7 November 2007| access-date=7 November 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071108225432/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/world-article.php?yyyy=2007&mm=11&dd=07&nav_id=45171| archive-date=8 November 2007| url-status=dead| df=dmy-all}}</ref> After being sworn in for a second presidential term on 29 November 2007, Musharraf immediately declared that the state of emergency would end on 16 December 2007,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-11-29 |title=Musharraf vows to end emergency |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7119416.stm |access-date=2022-06-02}}</ref> although the emergency actually ended one day earlier, on 15 December 2007, with an announcement by Musharraf.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/15/pakistan.emergency.ap/index.html |title= Musharraf: Emergency halted destruction |access-date=15 December 2007 |publisher=CNN |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071217051406/http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/15/pakistan.emergency.ap/index.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 17 December 2007}}</ref>

The [[2008 Pakistani general election|general election]] previously scheduled to occur in early January 2008 was postponed. At the beginning of the emergency, Information Minister [[Tariq Azim Khan]] said on television that the general election could be delayed many months and perhaps up to a year.<ref name="CNN11407">{{cite news | title= Pakistan PM: State of emergency to last 'as long as necessary'|publisher=CNN | url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/11/04/pakistan/index.html |date=4 November 2007| access-date=4 November 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071105010735/http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/11/04/pakistan/index.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 5 November 2007}}</ref> Later, the election was rescheduled to take place by 15 February 2008, as announced by Musharraf himself.<ref name="BBCElection2">{{cite news | title= Musharraf vows polls in February | work=BBC News | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7084839.stm|date=8 November 2007| access-date=8 November 2007 }}</ref> A few days later he called for the election date to be on or before 9 January 2008,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-11-12 |title=Bhutto's 'long march is illegal' |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7090457.stm |access-date=2022-06-02}}</ref> before a final date of 8 January 2008, was decided. However, because of unforeseen events that occurred after the state of emergency ended, primarily the [[assassination of Benazir Bhutto]] and its aftermath, the general elections were again postponed by the [[Election Commission of Pakistan|Election Commission]], and were finally held on 18 February 2008.<ref name="angusreid">{{cite news |url=http://www.angus-reid.com/tracker/index.cfm?fuseaction=viewItem&itemID=15363 |title=Election Tracker: Pakistan |publisher=[[Angus Reid Global Monitor]] |access-date=9 July 2007 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828034546/http://www.angus-reid.com/tracker/index.cfm?fuseaction=viewItem&itemID=15363 |archivedate=28 August 2007 }}</ref>

==Background==
Leading up to the 2007 presidential elections, the Election Commissioner approved General [[Pervez Musharraf]] as a candidate for re-election. One of his opponents, retired Supreme Court justice [[Wajihuddin Ahmed]], challenged the ruling in the Supreme Court. The dispute was primarily regarding whether a member of the military was constitutionally permitted to run for the office of the president, as Musharraf held both titles of President and Chief of Army Staff.

Responding to the challenge, on 28 September 2007, Pakistan's Supreme court cleared the way for President Pervez Musharraf to seek another five-year term when it threw out a major legal challenge to his re-election plans.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/sep/29/pakistan.international | work=The Guardian | location=London | title=Supreme court says Musharraf can stand | first=Declan | last=Walsh | date=29 September 2007 | access-date=21 May 2010}}</ref> But barred the Election Commission from officially declaring a winner until it made its final decision. On 6 October, presidential elections were held with Musharraf winning 98% votes in the Senate, Parliament and the four provincial assemblies.<ref>{{cite news | title=Boycotts and Legal Fight Cloud Victory for Musharraf | work=The New York Times| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/07/world/asia/07pakistan.html | date=6 October 2007 | first=Carlotta | last=Gall | access-date=21 May 2010}}</ref>

While the Supreme Court was hearing the case of Musharraf's eligibility as a candidate, it announced that it would likely need to delay the hearing until 12 November due to a personal engagement of one of the honourable members of the bench.<ref name="BBC2">{{cite news | title= Musharraf court ruling 'delayed' | work=BBC News | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7072899.stm |date=1 November 2007| access-date=3 November 2007 }}</ref> On 2 November, the court reversed its decision to break, stating that it would now reconvene the following Monday on 5 November to attempt to resolve the political situation quickly. This reversal was in part due to criticism that the court's continuing delay was adding to Pakistan's general instability.<ref name="Reteurs Canada">{{cite news | title=Musharraf invokes emergency rule | work=Reuters | url=http://ca.today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=2007-11-03T141443Z_01_COL199283_RTRIDST_0_NEWS-PAKISTAN-EMERGENCY-COL.XML | date=3 November 2007 | access-date=3 November 2007 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106035334/http://ca.today.reuters.com/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=topNews&storyID=2007-11-03T141443Z_01_COL199283_RTRIDST_0_NEWS-PAKISTAN-EMERGENCY-COL.XML | archivedate=6 November 2007 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Convening on 12 November would have left a tight schedule of just three days before the end of Musharraf's previous presidential term on 15 November. Parliamentary elections were due to be held in February 2008, no later than a month after the original target date for elections.<ref name="Yahoo! News">{{cite web | title=Pakistan emergency to end in 1 month | agency=Associated Press | url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071110/ap_on_re_as/pakistan;_ylt=ApJBT23ZX2ZFFRD8hp8_pf5I2ocA | date=10 November 2007 | access-date=10 November 2007 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118021456/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071110/ap_on_re_as/pakistan | archivedate=18 November 2007 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The [[2008 Pakistani general election]] was held on 18 February 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan election as it unfolds |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7244610.stm |access-date=24 November 2019 |work=BBC News |date=18 February 2008}}</ref>

Prior to the emergency declaration, [[Attorney General]] [[Malik Qayyum]], representing Musharraf, had assured the court that there was no planned move by the government to impose [[martial law]].<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news | title=SC says Musharraf verdict by Nov. 6 as govt. rules out martial law | work=[[The Hindu]] | url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200711021719.htm | date=2 November 2007 | access-date=3 November 2007 | location=Chennai, India | archive-date=6 November 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106050700/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/001200711021719.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Declaration of a state of emergency==
{{move section to wikiquote}}
Before the court could reach a decision, General Pervez Musharraf, acting as Chief of the Army Staff, declared a [[state of emergency]] as per Article 232 of the constitution, on the evening of 3 November 2007, and issued a [[Provisional Constitutional Order]] which replaced the country's constitution.<ref name="Kalhan - Constitution and Extraconstitution">{{cite journal|last=Kalhan|first=Anil|title=Constitution and 'Extraconstitution': Emergency Powers in Postcolonial Pakistan and India|journal=Emergency Powers in Asia (Victor Ramraj & Arun Thiruvengadam, Eds.)|year=2010|ssrn=1398545}}</ref> The Constitution of Pakistan, Article 232, allows the President of Pakistan to declare a State of Emergency when he is satisfied a situation exists that warrants its imposition. In the case that a President of Pakistan declares a State of Emergency, the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] has to approve it within 30 days. The state-run [[Pakistan Television Corporation]] issued a brief announcement saying that, "The Chief of the Army Staff (General Musharraf) has proclaimed state of emergency and issued a provisional constitutional order," at 6:10&nbsp;am [[Time in Pakistan|local time]] without giving any details. Under the order, the [[Constitution of Pakistan|Constitution]] was suspended, the federal cabinet ceased to exist, and the justices were ordered to take an oath to abide by it. Those who failed to do so would be dismissed.
<ref name="app proclamation">{{cite news
| url = http://www.app.com.pk/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20109&Itemid=1
| title = Text of 'Proclamation of emergency'|date= 3 November 2007 |access-date= 3 November 2007
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071105231711/http://www.app.com.pk/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20109&Itemid=1 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 5 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| url = http://www.app.com.pk/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20114&Itemid=1
| title = Text of Provisional Constitutional Order|date= 3 November 2007 |access-date= 3 November 2007
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071105231716/http://www.app.com.pk/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20114&Itemid=1 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 5 November 2007}}</ref>

===Text of the Proclamation of Emergency===
Following is the text of the Proclamation of Emergency declared by Chief of the Army Staff Gen Pervez Musharraf:<ref name=Emergency2007>{{cite web|title=Text of the Proclamation of Emergency 2007 |date=4 November 2007 |url=http://www.dawn.com/2007/11/04/top16.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801124947/http://www.dawn.com/2007/11/04/top16.htm |archivedate=1 August 2009 |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2009 }}</ref>

{{cquote| WHEREAS there is visible ascendancy in the activities of extremists and incidents of terrorist attacks, including suicide bombings, IED explosions, rocket firing and bomb explosions and the banding together of some militant groups have taken such activities to an unprecedented level of violent intensity posing a grave threat to the life and property of the citizens of Pakistan;

WHEREAS there has also been a spate of attacks on state infrastructure and on law-enforcement agencies;

WHEREAS some members of the judiciary are working at cross purposes with the executive and legislature in the fight against terrorism and extremism, thereby weakening the government and the nation's resolve and diluting the efficacy of its actions to control this menace;

WHEREAS there has been increasing interference by some members of the judiciary in government policy, adversely affecting economic growth, in particular;

WHEREAS constant interference in executive functions, including but not limited to the control of terrorist activity, economic policy, price controls, downsizing of corporations and urban planning, has weakened the writ of the government; the police force has been completely demoralized and is fast losing its efficacy to fight terrorism and intelligence agencies have been thwarted in their activities and prevented from pursuing terrorists;

WHEREAS some hard-core militants, extremists, terrorists and suicide bombers, who were arrested and being investigated, were ordered to be released. The persons so released have subsequently been involved in heinous terrorist activities, resulting in loss of human life and property. Militants across the country have, thus, been encouraged while law-enforcement agencies subdued;

WHEREAS some judges by overstepping the limits of judicial authority have taken over the executive and legislative functions;

WHEREAS the government is committed to the independence of the judiciary and the rule of law and holds the superior judiciary in high esteem, it is nonetheless of paramount importance that the honourable judges confine the scope of their activity to the judicial function and not assume charge of administration;

WHEREAS an important constitutional institution, the Supreme Judicial Council, has been made entirely irrelevant and non-est by a recent order and judges have, thus, made themselves immune from inquiry into their conduct and put themselves beyond accountability;

WHEREAS the humiliating treatment meted to government officials by some members of the judiciary on a routine basis during court proceedings has demoralised the civil bureaucracy and senior government functionaries, to avoid being harassed, prefer inaction;

WHEREAS the law and order situation in the country as well as the economy have been adversely affected and trichotomy of powers eroded;

WHEREAS a situation has thus arisen where the government of the country cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution and as the Constitution provides no solution for this situation, there is no way out except through emergent and extraordinary measures;

AND WHEREAS the situation has been reviewed in meetings with the prime minister, governors of all four provinces, and with Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Chiefs of the Armed Forces, Vice-Chief of Army Staff and Corps Commanders of the Pakistan Army; NOW, THEREFORE, in pursuance of the deliberations and decisions of the said meetings, I, General Pervez Musharraf, Chief of the Army Staff, proclaim Emergency throughout Pakistan.

2. I, hereby, order and proclaim that the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan shall remain in abeyance.

This Proclamation shall come into force at once. }}

===Text of Provisional Constitutional Order 2007===
Following is the text of the Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO) promulgated by Chief of the Army Staff Gen Pervez Musharraf:<ref name=PCO2007>{{cite web|title=Text Provisional Constitutional Order 2007 |date=4 November 2007 |url=http://www.dawn.com/2007/11/04/top15.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801124941/http://www.dawn.com/2007/11/04/top15.htm |archivedate=1 August 2009 |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2009 }}</ref>

{{cquote| In pursuance of the Proclamation of the 3rd day of November, 2007, and in exercise of all powers enabling him in that behalf, the Chief of Army Staff, under the Proclamation of Emergency of the 3rd day of November, 2007, is pleased to make and promulgate the following Order:

(1) This Order may be called the Provisional Constitution Order No 1 of 2007.

(2) It extends to the whole of Pakistan.

(3) It shall come into force at once.

2. (1) Notwithstanding the abeyance of the provisions of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, hereinafter referred to as the Constitution, Pakistan shall, subject to this Order and any other Order made by the President, be governed, as nearly as may be, in accordance with the Constitution.

Provided that the President may, from time to time, by Order amend the Constitution, as is deemed expedient:

Provided farther that the Fundamental Rights, under Articles 9, 10, 15,16,17,19 and 25, shall remain suspended.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Proclamation of the 3rd day of November, 2007, or this Order or any other law for the time being in force, all provisions of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan embodying Islamic injunctions including Articles 2, 2A, 31, 2O3A, 227 to 231 and 260 (3) (a) and (b) shall continue to be in force.

(3) Subject to clause (1) above and the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2007, all courts in existence immediately before the commencement of this Order shall continue to function and to exercise their respective powers and jurisdiction:

Provided that the Supreme Court or a High Court and any other court shall not have the power to make any order against the President or the Prime Minister or any person exercising powers or jurisdiction under their authority.

(4) All persons who immediately before the commencement of this Order were in office as judges of the Supreme Court, the Federal Shariat Court or a High Court, shall be governed by and be subject to the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2007, and such further Orders as the President may pass.

(5) Subject to clause (1) above, the Majlis-i-Shoora (Parliament) and the Provincial Assemblies shall continue to function.

(6) All persons who, immediately before the commencement of this Order, were holding any service, post or office in connection with the affairs of the federation or of a province, including an All Pakistan Service, service in the armed forces and any other service declared to be a service of Pakistan by or under Act of Majlis-i-Shoora (Parliament) or of a Provincial Assembly, or Chief Election Commissioner or Auditor General, shall continue in the said service on the same terms and conditions and shall enjoy the same privileges, if any, unless these are changed under Orders of the President.

3. (1) No court, including the Supreme Court, the Federal Shariat Court, and the High Courts, and any tribunal or other authority, shall call or permit to be called in question this Order, the Proclamation of Emergency of the 3rd day of November, 2007, the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2007, or any Order made in pursuance thereof.

(2) No judgment, decree, writ, order or process whatsoever shall be made or issued by any court or tribunal against the President or the Prime Minister or any authority designated by the President.

4. (1) Notwithstanding the abeyance of the provisions of the Constitution, but subject to the Orders of the President, all laws other than the Constitution, all ordinances, orders, rules, bye-laws, regulations, notifications and other legal instruments in force in any part

of Pakistan, whether made by the President or the governor of a province, shall continue in force until altered, or repealed by the President or any authority designated by him.

5. (1) Any ordinance promulgated by the President or by the governor of a province shall not be subject to any limitations as to duration prescribed in the Constitution.

(2) The provisions of clause (1) shall also apply to an ordinance issued by the President or by a governor which was in force immediately before the commencement of the Proclamation of Emergency of the 3rd day of November, 2007. ->}}

==Supreme Court validates Presidential elections, PCO and emergency==
On 24 November 2007, a seven panel larger bench of the Supreme Court, headed by Chief Justice Abdul Hameed Dogor, directed the chief election commissioner and the government to declare Pervez Musharraf President for a second term by 1 December, and said that President Musharraf shall relinquish the office of the chief of army staff (COAS) before taking oath as civilian president.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://server.kbri-islamabad.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2875&Itemid=44 |title = The Indonesian Embassy, Islamabad Pakistan - Supreme Court validates Musharraf's re-election  |access-date=7 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918020540/http://server.kbri-islamabad.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2875&Itemid=44 |archivedate=18 September 2009 }}</ref> The Supreme Court also validated the imposition of emergency and the promulgation of the Provisional Constitution Order issued by the Chief of the Army Staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/pak-supreme-court-validates-emergency-rule-pco_1006364.html|title=Pak Supreme Court validates emergency rule, PCO|access-date=7 October 2009|archive-date=24 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124081209/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/pak-supreme-court-validates-emergency-rule-pco_1006364.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The larger bench held that President General Musharraf was qualified to contest the presidential election and did not suffer any disqualification under the constitution and the law. The court also vacated the interim stay of the 6 October presidential election results that had kept the Election Commission from announcing them until now. The bench was headed by Chief Justice Abdul Hameed Dogar. The other members were Justice Ejazul Hassan, Justice Muhammad Qaim Jan Khan, Justice Muhammad Moosa K Laghari, Justice Chaudhry Ejaz Yousaf, Justice Muhammad Akhtar Shabbir, and Justice Zia Pervez.

Later, on 15 February 2008, the Supreme Court delivered a detailed judgement to validate the Proclamation of Emergency on 3 November 2007, the Provisional Constitution Order No 1 of 2007 and the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2007. This Full Court judgement was written by Chief Justice Abdul Hameed Dogar. Other members of the Full Court were Justice Ijaz-ul-Hassan, Justice Mohammad Qaim Jan Khan, Justice Mohammad Moosa K. Leghari, Justice Chaudhry Ejaz Yousaf, Justice Muhammad Akhtar Shabbir and Justice Zia Perwez. The Supreme Court wrote, "In the recent past the whole of Pakistan was afflicted with extremism, terrorism and suicide attacks using bombs, hand grenades, missiles, mines, including similar attacks on the armed forces and law enforcing agencies, which reached climax on 18th of October 2007 when in a similar attack on a public rally, at least 150 people were killed and more than 500 seriously injured. The situation which led to the issuance of Proclamation of Emergency of the 3rd day of November 2007 as well as the other two Orders, referred to above, was similar to the situation which prevailed in the country on the 5th of July 1977 and the 12th of October 1999 warranting the extra-constitutional steps, which had been validated by the Supreme Court of Pakistan in Begum Nusrat Bhutto V. Chief of the Army Staff (PLD 1977 SC 657) and Syed Zafar Ali Shah V. Pervez Musharraf, Chief Executive of Pakistan (PLD 2000 SC 869) in the interest of the State and for the welfare of the people, as also the fact that the Constitution was not abrogated, but merely held in abeyance"<ref name="brecorder.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.brecorder.com/index.php?id=694527&currPageNo=2&query=&search=&term=&supDate=|title=Home - Business Recorder|access-date=7 October 2009|archive-date=30 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091230125003/http://brecorder.com/index.php?id=694527&currPageNo=2&query=&search=&term=&supDate=|url-status=dead}}</ref>

It further wrote, "The learned Chief Justices and Judges of the superior courts, (Supreme Court of Pakistan, Federal Shariat Court and the High Courts), who have not been given, and who have not made, oath under the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2007 have ceased to hold their respective offices on the 3rd of November 2007. Their cases cannot be re-opened being hit by the doctrine of past and closed transaction."<ref name="brecorder.com"/>

==Supreme Court and PCO 2007==
On 2 November 2007, [[Barrister]] [[Aitzaz Ahsan]] submitted an application to the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]] asking that the Government be restrained from imposing [[martial law]] in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web 
 |url=http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2007/11/pakistan-supreme-court-to-rule-on.php 
 |title=Pakistan Supreme Court to rule on Musharraf presidential bid within days 
 |date=2 November 2007 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213234019/http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/paperchase/2007/11/pakistan-supreme-court-to-rule-on.php 
 |archivedate=13 December 2007 
 |access-date=10 November 2007 
 }}</ref>

To this application a seven panel Supreme Court bench issued a stay order on 3 November 2007 against the imposition of an emergency. The bench was headed by Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammad Chaudhry. The other members of the bench were Justice Rana Bhagwandas, Justice Javed Iqbal, Justice Mian Shakirullah Jan, Justice Nasirul Mulk, Justice Raja Fayyaz, and Justice Ghulam Rabbani. This stay order was ignored by the Chief of Army Staff and the emergency was imposed across the country.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Provisional Constitutional Order effecting the Judicature of Pakistan
|-
! [[List of Justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan|Senior Justices]] of the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]] of [[Pakistan]]!! Appointment !! Retirement|| Actions on [[Oath of Office|New PCO]] (2007)|| Aftermath (2009)
|-
|[[Chief Justice of Pakistan|Chief Justice]] [[Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry|I.M. Chaudhry]] || 4 February 2000<ref name=AnnualReport2004>{{cite web|title=Supreme Court Annual Report 2004 |author=Sohail Ahmad |url=http://www.ljcp.gov.pk/Menu%20Items/Publications/Reports%20of%20the%20LJCP/reports/AnnualReport2004.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720002617/http://www.ljcp.gov.pk/Menu%20Items/Publications/Reports%20of%20the%20LJCP/reports/AnnualReport2004.pdf |archivedate=20 July 2011 |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2009 }}</ref>|| 11 December 2013<ref name=AnnualReport2006>[http://www.supremecourt.gov.pk/web/user_files/File/Supreme_Court_Report_Golden_Jubilee_Edition_2006.pdf Supreme Court Report Golden Jubilee Edition 2006]{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>||{{red|Refused to take an Oath}} || {{green|Restored}}
|-
|Senior Justice [[Rana Bhagwandas]] || 4 February 2000 || 20 December 2007||{{red|Refused to take an oath }} || {{red|Resigned}}
|-
|Senior Justice [[Javed Iqbal (judge, born 1946)|Javed Iqbal]] ||28 April 2000<ref name="AnnualReport2004"/>|| 31 July 2011<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>||{{red|Refused to take an oath}} || {{green|Restored}}
|-
|Senior Justice [[Abdul Hameed Dogar|A.H. Dogar]] ||  28 April 2000<ref name="AnnualReport2004"/>|| 21 March 2009<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>||{{green|Took an oath }} || {{purple|Appointed Chief Justice}}
|-
|Senior Justice [[Sardar Muhammad Raza Khan|S.M.R. Khan]] ||  10 January 2002<ref name="AnnualReport2004"/>|| 9 February 2010<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/> || {{red|Refused to take an oath}} || {{green|Restored}}
|-
|Senior Justice [[Khalil-ur-Rehman Ramday|K.R. Ramday]] ||  10 January 2002<ref name="AnnualReport2004"/> || 12 January 2010<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/> || {{red|Refused to take an oath}} || {{green|Restored}}
|-
|Senior Justice [[Muhammad Nawaz Abbasi|M.N. Abbasi]] || 10 January 2002<ref name="AnnualReport2004"/> || 7 June 2008 || {{green|Took an oath}}  || [[PCO Judges case|Restrained in 2009]]
|-
|Senior Justice F.M. Khokar || 10 January 2002<ref name="AnnualReport2004"/> || 15 April 2010<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>||{{green|Took an oath}} || [[PCO Judges case|Restrained in 2009]]
|-
| Senior Justice [[Falak Sher (Justice 2002-2008)|Falak Sher]] ||  9 June 2002<ref name="AnnualReport2004"/>|| 21 September 2008<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/><ref>{{cite web |title=The News |url=http://thenews.jang.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=17378 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417225900/http://thenews.jang.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=17378 |archivedate=17 April 2009 |access-date=31 March 2009 }}</ref>  ||{{red|Refused to take an oath }} || {{red|Resigned}}
|-
|Senior Justice [[Mian Shakirullah Jan|M.S. Jan]] ||  31 July 2004<ref name="AnnualReport2004"/> || 17 August 2012<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/> ||  {{red|Refused to take an oath}} || {{green|Restored}}
|-
|Senior Justice [[Muhammad Javed Buttar|M.J. Buttar]] || 31 July 2004<ref name="AnnualReport2004"/> || 17 August 2012<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>|| {{red|Refused to take an oath}} || {{green|Restored}}
|-
|Senior Justice [[Tassaduq Hussain Jillani|T.H. Jillani]] || 31 July 2004<ref name="AnnualReport2004"/>|| 5 July 2014<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>|| {{red|Refused to take an oath}} || {{green|Restored}}
|-
|Senior Justice [[Saiyed Saeed Ashhad|S.S. Arshad]] || 5 April 2005<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>|| 7 October 2008<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>|| {{green|Took oath an oath}} || [[PCO Judges case|Restrained in 2009]]
|-
|Senior Justice [[Nasir-ul-Mulk]] || 5 April 2005<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>|| 16 August 2015<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>||{{red|Refused to take an oath}} || {{green|Restored}}
|-
|Senior Justice [[Raja Muhammad Fayyaz Ahmad|R.M.F. Ahmad]] || 14 September 2005<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>|| 31 May 2011<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>||{{red|Refused to take an oath}} || {{green|Restored}} 
|-
|Senior Justice [[Ijaz Ahmed Chaudhry (judge, born 1945)|Ch. Ijaz Ahmad]] || 14 September 2005<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>|| 4 May 2010<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>||{{red|Refused to take an oath}} || {{green|Restored}} 
|-
|Senior Justice [[Syed Jamshed Ali|S.J. Ali]] || 14 September 2005<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>|| 30 September 2008<ref name="AnnualReport2006"/>||{{red|Refused to take an oath}} || {{green|Restored}} 
|-
|Senior Justice [[Ghulam Rabbani (Judge Supreme Court)|Ghulam Rabbani]] || 14 September 2006<ref>{{cite web|title=Pakistan News Service – PakTribune |url=http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?154123 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122060645/http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?154123 |archivedate=22 January 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2009 }}</ref> ||[[Not applicable|''N/A'']] || {{red|Refused to take an oath}} || {{green|Restored}}
|-

|}

==Speech to the nation==
[[File:Musharraf State of Emergency.png|thumb|President Musharraf addresses Pakistan for the first time since state of emergency was announced, shown here on [[CNN-IBN]].]]
Early Sunday morning Pervez Musharraf addressed Pakistan for the first time since declaring the state of emergency<ref>{{cite news | url=http://desicritics.org/2007/11/03/143625.php | title=Emergency Imposed in Pakistan: Harbinger of Change or More of the Same? | date=3 November 2007 | access-date=3 November 2007 | publisher=[[Desicritics]] | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404055340/http://desicritics.org/2007/11/03/143625.php | archivedate=4 April 2009 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> in a speech broadcast on state-run PTV. The following is a translation of Musharraf's speech from the original [[Urdu]]:
<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.jang.com.pk/jang/nov2007-daily/03-11-2007/update.htm#89| title =President Pervaiz Musharraf's address to the nation| date=3 November 2007 |access-date= 3 November 2007 |work= Daily Jang |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071105054326/http://www.jang.com.pk/jang/nov2007-daily/03-11-2007/update.htm#89 <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 5 November 2007}}</ref>

{{cquote| Today I make this address because our country is at a dangerous juncture, facing a national crisis. Throughout history, nations have often had to make difficult decisions. That time has come now for Pakistan – we have to make important and painful decisions. If these decisions are not made then Pakistan's future is at stake.

Before saying anything further, I promise that the decision I have made is, first of all, for the sake of Pakistan. Pakistan is above all personal interests. The people of Pakistan should agree with me on this.

In the last few months, our situation has changed dramatically. Terrorism and Extremism are rampant. Suicide bombings are widespread. In [[Karachi]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Sargodha]], fanaticism is now common. Fundamentalist extremists are everywhere. They are not afraid of law-enforcement agencies.

What was confined to the frontier areas, has now extended to many other areas. Extremism has spread even to Islamabad – the heart of Pakistan.

The people are worried. The extremists are trying to take the authority and power of the government into their own hands. They want to impose their outdated religious views upon the people.

In my eyes, this is a direct challenge to Pakistan's future as a moderate nation. <!--[sorry, but we need more competent English before we can display this] The government is paralyzed. Government senior officials are circling around courts. They are punished, they're insulted. They are not willing to take decisions more than hundred somoto are going on. These are all regarding government institutions. Law enforcement agencies are without hope and are loosing courage. Their officers are being punished. Out of them 10 have already been punished, 2 of them are still awaiting. Morale is down. Can not take action. Other than that hurdles are imposed in the way of democracy. In 1999 when our government came, democracy was planned to take hold in 3 three phases. Before that democracy was nominal. -->}}

Musharraf also referred to US President [[Abraham Lincoln]], saying that [[Habeas corpus in the United States#Suspension during the Civil War and Reconstruction|Lincoln's suspension of Habeas corpus]] during the [[American Civil War]] to save the nation was analogous to his declaration of a state of emergency for Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2800993.ece| archive-url = https://archive.today/20100117025457/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2800993.ece| url-status = dead| archive-date = 17 January 2010| title =Pervez Musharraf spoils for a fight as he declares emergency rule| date=4 November 2007 |access-date= 4 November 2007 |work= The Times | location=London | first1=Dean | last1=Nelson}}</ref>

Musharraf said that the forthcoming election date will not be affected by the declaration.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}

==Impact on higher judiciary==
The judges of Supreme Court, [[Federal Shariat Court of Pakistan|Federal Shariat Court]] and four High Courts were asked to take an oath on the PCO. Some of the judges opted to take the oath on the PCO immediately, while some took it over a period of time and some remained steadfast in refusing to take the oath on the PCO.<ref name="Kalhan - Constitution and Extraconstitution" />

Immediately after the emergency, out of 18 Supreme Court justices, only five judges took the oath on the PCO. Initially in Islamabad, Abdul Hameed Dogar who was inducted as the new Chief Justice, Muhammad Nawaz Abbasi, Justice Khokhar and M. Javed Buttar took the oath under the PCO.<ref name=TheNews20071104>
{{cite news
|date       = 3 November 2007
|title      = Majority of judges refuse to take oath under new PCO
|publisher  = [[Jang Group of Newspapers#Daily News|Daily News, Pakistan]]
|url        = https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/653365-majority-of-judges-refuse-to-take-oath-under-new-pco
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170804215518/https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/653365-majority-of-judges-refuse-to-take-oath-under-new-pco
|url-status   = dead
|archive-date = 4 August 2017
|access-date = 21 April 2009
}}</ref> Later in the evening, in Karachi Saiyed Saeed Ashhad also took the oath on the PCO on 3 November 2007.<ref name=APP20071104>
{{cite news
 |date=3 November 2007 
 |title=سپریم کورٹ کے مسٹر جسٹس سید سعید اشہد نے پی سی او کے تحت حلف اٹھا لیا 
 |author=Associated Press of Pakistan 
 |publisher=[[Associated Press of Pakistan]] 
 |url=http://www.app.com.pk/ud_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4538 
 |access-date=21 April 2009 |url-status=dead 
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219231849/http://www.app.com.pk/ud_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4538 
 |archivedate=19 February 2012 }}</ref> From the remaining judges, Justice Javed Iqbal, Justice Falak Sher, Justice Sardar Muhammad Raza Khan, Justice Mian Shakir Ullah Jan, Justice Tassaduq Hussain Jillani, Justice Nasir ul Mulk, Justice Chaudhry Ejaz Ahmed, Justice Raja Fayyaz, Justice Syed Jamshed Ali and Justice Ghulam Rabbani declined invitation to take oath of supreme court took oath on PCO. The Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, Justice Rana Bhagwandas and Justice Khalil-ur-Rehman Ramday also did not take oath on PCO nor were they offered to.

On 3 December 2007, the federal government issued a notification of removal of three justices of the Supreme Court without any retirement privileges. They were Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, Justice Rana Bhagwandas and Justice Khalil-ur-Rehman Ramday.<ref name=ZeeNews20071205>
{{cite news
 |date=5 December 2007 
 |title=Pak formally sacks deposed SC judges including Chaudhry 
 |publisher=ZEE NEWS 
 |url=http://www.zeenews.com/South-Asia/2007-12-05/411442news.html 
 |access-date=21 April 2009 |url-status=dead 
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524211755/http://www.zeenews.com/South-Asia/2007-12-05/411442news.html 
 |archivedate=24 May 2011 }}</ref>

On 3 December 2007, the federal government issued another notification that in pursuance to Article 3 of the Oath of Office (Judges) Order, 2007 (Order No. 1 of 2007), 24 judges of the High Courts of Sindh, Punjab and NWFP had ceased to hold office, with effect from 3 November 2007, the day emergency was proclaimed in the country.<ref name=Dawn20071205>{{cite news|date=5 December 2007 |title=24 judges of high courts 'cease to hold office' |author=APP |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|DAWN (Pakistan)]] |url=http://www.dawn.com/2007/12/05/top4.htm |access-date=21 April 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071207140236/http://www.dawn.com/2007/12/05/top4.htm |archivedate=7 December 2007 }}</ref>

According to the notification twelve justices of Sindh High Court were notified to cease to hold office. They were Justice Rahmat Hussain Jafferi, Justice Khilji Arif Hussain, Justice Aamir Hani Muslim, Justice Gulzar Ahmed, Justice Maqbool Baqar, Justice Muhammad Athar Saeed, Justice Faisal Arab, Justice Sajjad Ali Shah, Justice Zafar Ahmed Khan Sherwani, Justice Salman Ansari, Justice Abdul Rashid Kalwar and Justice Arshad Siraj.<ref name="Dawn20071205"/>

According to the notification ten justices of Lahore High Court were notified to cease to hold office. They were [[Justice Khawja Muhammad Sharif]], [[Justice Mian Saqib Nisar]], [[Justice Asif Saeed Khan Khosa]], [[Justice Muhammad Tahir Ali]], [[Ijaz Ahmed Chaudhry (judge, born 1945)|Justice Ijaz Ahmad Chaudhry]], [[Justice M. A. Shahid Siddiqui]], [[Justice Muhammad Jehangir Arshad]], [[Justice Sheikh Azmat Saeed]], [[Justice Umar Atta Bandial]] and [[Justice Iqbal Hameed-ur-Rehman]].<ref name="Dawn20071205"/>

According to the notification two justices of Peshawar High Court were notified to cease to hold office. They were Justice Ijaz Afzal Khan and Justice Dost Muhammad Khan.<ref name="Dawn20071205"/>

All justices of the High Court of Balochistan took the oath on the PCO.

==Events during the state of emergency==

Opinion polls reflected strong public opposition to imposition of the state of emergency. 67% demanded General Musharraf's resignation whereas 71% said they opposed the suspension of Constitution. More than 70% people surveyed said that they were opposed to closure of private television channels, arrest of Chief Justices and mass arrests.<ref>{{cite web|title=67pc want Musharraf to step down: survey: •57pc against emergency •Action against judges unpopular -DAWN – Top Stories; December 14, 2007 |date=14 December 2007 |url=http://www.dawn.com/2007/12/14/top1.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724215833/http://www.dawn.com/2007/12/14/top1.htm |archivedate=24 July 2008 |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2009 }}</ref>

=== [[Islamabad]] ===
International broadcasts and local phones were blocked in some locations.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.metroblogging.com/news/old/2007/11/emergency_rule.phtml |title = Emergency Rule in Pakistan |date =3 November 2007}}{{Dead link|date=June 2009|bot=WebCiteBOT}}</ref> Additionally, barriers and barbed wires were erected at important points in the capital.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/11/03/pakistan.emergency/index.html |title = Emergency in Pakistan: Martial Law imposed. Media blackout |date= 3 November 2007 |access-date= 3 November 2007 |publisher= [[CNN]] |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071104024321/http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/11/03/pakistan.emergency/index.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 4 November 2007}}</ref>
:[[Aitzaz Ahsan]], a member of the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP), attorney and president of the Supreme Court Bar Association, was arrested at his home.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C11%5C04%5Cstory_4-11-2007_pg1_10 |title=Crackdown on lawyers, politicians |date=4 November 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404185554/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C11%5C04%5Cstory_4-11-2007_pg1_10 |archivedate=4 April 2009 |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2009 }}</ref> Key opposition figures and senior lawyers were also placed under house arrest. All were released within a few days.

Hundreds of students joined in protests led by faculty of Quaid-e-Azam University; they were joined by scores of civil rights activists. Police presence forced students to 'flash demonstrations' and prompt disbanding.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dawn.com/2007/11/07/nat1.htm|title=Civil society, students hold protest rallies : Emergency condemned|date=7 November 2007}}</ref>

=== [[Lahore]] ===
After the announcement of emergency, police acted swiftly to arrest thousands of lawyers, human rights activists and politicians. Crackdowns were made throughout the night of 3 November to thwart any opposition.

All members of the [[Human Rights Commission of Pakistan]], including [[Asma Jehangir]] and [[Salima Hashmi]] were jailed. [[The Mall, Lahore|The Mall Road]], where official buildings including Secretariat, Governor House, and the High Court are, remained barricaded at a number of points.

There were protests at all universities of the city, Pakistan's leading university [[Lahore University of Management Sciences|LUMS]], [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]], [[Beaconhouse National University]], [[National College of Arts]], [[Government College University, Lahore|Government College]], [[Forman Christian College]] and others. The students also led the fight on the internet where thousands of blogs unanimously denounced the State of Emergency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dawn.com/2007/11/06/nat12.htm|title='Brute' use of force on LHC premises|date=6 November 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dawn.com/2007/11/06/nat27.htm|title=Students' rare show against emergency|date=6 November 2007}}</ref>

=== [[Gujranwala]] ===
After the announcement of emergency, Heavy contingents of police were deployed on G.T Road, Sialkot road, Civil lines and Cantonment. Hundreds of lawyers, civil rights activists, journalists, media persons and political activists protested.

=== [[Faisalabad]] ===
Heavy contingents of police were deployed in the eight major bazaars of the city and the district courts. Hundreds of lawyers, civil rights activists, journalists, media persons and political activists protested, prompting brutal use of force and baton charging by police. Police also sealed the courts and the press club.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dawn.com/2007/11/06/nat10.htm|title=Police seal district courts, press club|first=Dawn|last=Report|date=6 November 2007}}</ref>

=== [[Sialkot]] ===
Opposition leader [[Khawaja Muhammad Asif]], Member of the National Assembly (MNA), was placed under house arrest shortly after the declaration of emergency. He had been arrested, by order of the Pakistani Army, and taken to an undisclosed location. Khawaja Asif is a member of the [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] (PML-N), the party headed by exiled Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]]. He was elected for his third term as MNA from a PML-N seat and is currently a member of the Parliament of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/election/constituency/NA-73|title=NA-73 Result – Election Results 2018 – Sialkot 2 – NA-73 Candidates – NA-73 Constituency Details – thenews.com.pk|website=The News International|access-date=2 August 2018}}</ref>

=== [[Peshawar]] ===
Army pickets were established in [[Peshawar]], the capital of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North-West Frontier Province]] bordering [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.ibnlive.com/news/mush-appoints-new-chief-justice-after-emergency/51684-2.html |title = Mush appoints new chief justice after Emergency |date= 3 November 2007 |access-date= 7 November 2007 | publisher=IBN Live}}</ref> Hundreds of protesters joined processions led by the local [[Awami National party]] forcing police to arrest all local political leadership of opposition parties to crush demonstrations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dawn.com/2007/11/07/nat7.htm|title=Senior PML-N, ANP leaders arrested|first=Ashfaq|last=Yusufzai|date=7 November 2007}}</ref>

=== [[Karachi]] ===
Reports from inside Karachi stated that the situation remained peaceful and not entirely different from any other weekend.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://karachi.metblogs.com/archives/2007/11/things_stay_pea.phtml| title = Things stay peaceful| date = 3 November 2007| publisher = Metroblogging Karachi}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

=== [[Quetta]] ===
Nationalist opposition leaders [[Mehmood Khan Achakzai]] and [[Qadir Magsi]] were detained in their home towns in southern Pakistan.<ref name="309525/1/.html">{{cite news |url = http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/309525/1/.html |title = Cricketer Khan, opposition figures arrested in Pakistan |date = 3 November 2007 |access-date = 4 November 2007 |publisher = [[Channel NewsAsia]] |archive-date = 4 January 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080104173537/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/309525/1/.html |url-status = dead }}</ref> The police also picked up five lawyers from southwestern Quetta, who were known as staunch supporters of Chaudhry.<ref name="309525/1/.html" />

*[[BBC]]: On 3 November 2007, BBC opened debate on the Emergency and more than 10,000 comments were received, many against emergency rule.[http://newsforums.bbc.co.uk/nol/thread.jspa?forumID=3776&edition=2&ttl=20071107170824 BBC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717032504/http://newsforums.bbc.co.uk/nol/thread.jspa?forumID=3776&edition=2&ttl=20071107170824 |date=17 July 2011 }}
*By the end of 5 November 2007 over 3,500 people had been arrested. Most of these were lawyers, civil rights leaders and members of the political parties.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/wn_report/2007/11/05/2007-11-05_as_many_as_3500_detained_in_pakistan.html |title=As many as 3,500 detained in Pakistan |location=New York |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071107072206/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/wn_report/2007/11/05/2007-11-05_as_many_as_3500_detained_in_pakistan.html |archivedate=7 November 2007 }}</ref> But almost all of them were soon released and by the time the emergency ended, all arrested had been released. UN [[High Commissioner for Human Rights]] [[Louise Arbour]] also reported that a Pakistani UN official, [[Asma Jahangir]], was among the judicial and political officials detained.<ref name="UN Official">{{cite web | title= UN's top rights official voices alarm at imposition of state of emergency | publisher=United Nations | url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=24527&Cr=Pakistan&Cr1= | date=5 November 2007 | access-date=5 November 2007 }}</ref> The vast majority of the detained were released within a two-week period and the remainder released in the following days.
*On 14 November 2007, former [[cricketer]] and Opposition Leader [[Imran Khan]] (who was elected Prime Minister 11 years later) arrived at [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]] to take part in a protest with the students. However, Imran Khan's presence enraged some students, who felt he was attempting to take credit for their efforts and also because the students had previously made it clear that politicians were not welcome in their protests. As a result, some students of youth organisation [[Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba]], a part of the [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]] party manhandled Imran Khan soon after his arrival, locked him up in the University for around two hours, and later handed him over to the local police.<ref>See the BBC report: [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7095596.stm] Pakistan police charge Imran Khan</ref> The police arrested him and sent him to the Dera Ghazi Khan jail in Punjab province where he spent a few days before being released.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1570106/Imran-Khan-released-from-prison-in-Pakistan.html|title=Imran Khan released from prison in Pakistan|first=Isambard Wilkinson, Pakistan Correspondent, and Matthew|last=Moore|date=21 November 2007|work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref>
* While some Pakistani [[expatriate]]s called 3 November 2007 a Black Day in the History of Pakistan, when General Musharraf declared a state of emergency in Pakistan,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pkpolitics.com/2007/11/03/emergency-update-oneworld-update-6/|title=Emergency Update – OneWorld Update 6 : Pakistan Politics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105182826/http://pkpolitics.com/2007/11/03/emergency-update-oneworld-update-6/|archive-date=5 November 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> other expatriate Pakistanis supported Musharraf's decision to impose a brief emergency rule in Pakistan and held pro-Musharraf rallies in London,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.app.com.pk/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=21478&Itemid=2|title=Encroachment of footpaths, only serving shopkeepers, vendors, not people|last=Uploader|date=1 May 2016}}</ref> Toronto, Brussels, and other Western cities.

==Ban on media==

With the imposition of emergency a media blackout followed. National channels like [[ARY One World]], [[GEO TV]], [[Aaj News]], and other channels were also blocked. General Musharraf maintained that these channels were creating discord, misrepresenting facts, were not responsible, and were contributing to the instability of the nation. The Government also cracked down on international channels like [[BBC]] and [[CNN]]. ARY reported that authorities in [[Dubai]] had asked the network's administration to close down its operations. The network said no reason had been given for the move.
<ref>{{cite news |url = http://dawn.com/2007/11/17/top5.htm|title = News channels of Geo, ARY shut down|date= 17 November 2007 |access-date= 17 November 2007 |publisher= DAWN Group of Newspapers, 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071119152117/http://www.dawn.com/2007/11/17/top5.htm |archivedate = 19 November 2007}}</ref>

The government expelled three journalists from the British newspaper ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' after calling general Musharraf "our son of a bitch".<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2007/1110/breaking32.htm|title= UK reporters ordered out of Pakistan|date= 10 November 2007|access-date= 5 November 2007|newspaper= The Irish Times}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> This is an allusion to [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s defence of Nicaragua's heavy-handed but U.S.-backed dictator, [[Anastasio Somoza García]]. However this is still viewed as an extremely severe insult in Pakistan.

On 21 November 2007 two thousand detainees under the Emergency were released, but 3,000 remained in detention, according to London's Metro newspaper. Musharraf's Govt. also arrested moderate groups of society such as human rights activists and lawyers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2005-04-13 |title='Talibanization' fears in Pakistan |work=Christian Science Monitor |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0413/p06s01-wosc.html |access-date=2022-06-02 |issn=0882-7729}}</ref>

== Effect on the economy ==
The Pakistani stock market was the first to react, with the [[Karachi Stock Exchange]] (KSE) falling by more than 4.6% on the first day of the emergency.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKISL27052020071114 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090404103308/http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKISL27052020071114 |url-status = dead |archive-date = 4 April 2009 |title = Pakistani shares drop over 2 pct on dicey politics |date= 15 November 2007 |access-date= 15 November 2007 |work= Reuters}}</ref>

Investors in the United Kingdom pulled back $26.27&nbsp;million while investors in the United States withdrew $51.93&nbsp;million. It is estimated that more than $235&nbsp;million in total were withdrawn from the KSE during the emergency.<ref>{{cite news |url =http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C11%5C15%5Cstory_15-11-2007_pg5_9|title =Another outflow of $89&nbsp;million in a day |date= 15 November 2007 |access-date= 15 November 2007 |work= Daily Times}}</ref>

[[Standard & Poor's]] Ratings Services also revised its outlook on the long-term foreign and local currency sovereign credit ratings of Pakistan from stable to negative.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 November 2007 |title=S&P: Pakistan Sovereign Ratings Affirmed; Outlook Revised to Negative |url= |access-date= |work=PR Newswire (U.S.) |publisher=PR Newswire Association / Cision |location=Singapore |id={{ProQuest|453312677}}, [[Factiva]] [https://global.factiva.com/redir/default.aspx?p=sa&NS=16&an=PRN0000020071106e3b6007hm&drn=drn:archive.newsarticle.PRN0000020071106e3b6007hm&cat=a&ep=asi PRN0000020071106e3b6007hm] |quote= |agency=PRNewswire (SOURCE Standard & Poor's 200711061240PR_NEWS_USPR_____NYTU126.xml)}} </ref>

The Dutch government froze development aid to Pakistan in response to the imposition of emergency rule. Deputy Minister for Development [[Bert Koenders]] decided to suspend the remainder of the €15&nbsp;million (US$22&nbsp;million) that had yet to be paid in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url =http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/11/05/europe/EU-GEN-Netherlands-Pakistan.php|title =Dutch government freezes aid to Pakistan in response to Musharraf's emergency declaration|date =5 November 2007|access-date =15 November 2007|work =International Herald Tribune|archive-date =22 November 2008|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20081122124409/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/11/05/europe/EU-GEN-Netherlands-Pakistan.php|url-status =dead}}</ref>

==Reaction==

===Pakistan===
{{more citations needed|section|date=November 2017}}<!--many paragraphs have no citations-->

====Opposition leaders====
The [[Associated Press|AP]] reported that [[Benazir Bhutto]] was greeted by supporters chanting slogans at the airport.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.pr-inside.com/pakistani-opposition-leader-bhutto-returns-r281794.htm| title = Pakistani opposition leader Bhutto returns to Karachi| publisher=PR Inside|date= 3 November 2007 |access-date= 3 November 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071106014307/http://www.pr-inside.com/pakistani-opposition-leader-bhutto-returns-r281794.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 6 November 2007}}</ref>
After staying in her plane for several hours she was driven to her home in [[Karachi]], accompanied by hundreds of supporters.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.ibnlive.com/news/benazir-returns-to-pak-faces-no-problem/51692-2.html|title = Benazir returns to Pak, faces no problem |date= 3 November 2007 |access-date= 3 November 2007 |publisher= IBN Live}}</ref> On 8 November, Bhutto was placed under [[house arrest]] by the Pakistani government. After one day the house arrest was lifted.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2007-11-09 |title=Pakistan's Bhutto released from house arrest |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-idUSL0630141120071109 |access-date=2022-06-02}}</ref> Bhutto said that the election date set of 15 February 2008 was "too vague" and planned to undertake a "long march" in car procession around Pakistan, as she did before, protesting against Nawaz Sharif. The Army cautioned her against this, citing the risk of further suicide bomb attacks.
On 12 November 2007 she was again placed under house arrest for a week to prevent this happening. Musharraf also gave the election date as 9 January 2008. Bhutto rejected this as being too soon after emergency rule. Subsequently, Bhutto was released from house arrest again, but the Daily Jang (20 Nov.07) reported the Attorney General, Mohammed Qayyum as saying that five writs were to be heard to revoke her immunity from prosecution on corruption charges, which claim that only the judiciary had the right to grant immunity not President Musharraf.
Qayyum described them as "likely to succeed". Bhutto had by 25 November filed nomination papers for 8 January elections, despite not confirming her intention to boycott them.

Former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif said that "Imposing emergency is another form of terrorism."<ref name="reuterspakreaction">{{cite news |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSCOL19928320071104?pageNumber=2|title = Musharraf tries to stifle outcry over emergency rule |date= 4 November 2007 |access-date= 4 November 2007 |work= Reuters}}</ref> The acting head of the former Prime Minister's political party, [[Javed Hashmi]], who was arrested, stated, "People will win. Generals will lose. They have to surrender."<ref name="reuterspakreaction" />
On 23 November 2007 it was announced in ''[[The Guardian]]'' that [[Nawaz Sharif]] would return to Pakistan after the King of Saudi Arabia reportedly told Musharraf that they would not keep him in Saudi Arabia and he landed in Lahore on 25 November in a Saudi aircraft, with his wife, [[Kulsoom Nawaz|Kulsoom]] and brother [[Shehbaz Sharif|Shehbaz]]. He said that he wishes to restore democracy from dictatorship, but did not say whether he would boycott the elections in January. Neither did Bhutto, but she had already filed nomination papers. Sharif filed nomination papers the day after his return, but said that he would not serve as Prime Minister under Musharraf.

The Minister of the State for Information, [[Tariq Azim Khan]], said on television media that the elections in Pakistan scheduled for January would be delayed indefinitely.<ref name="CNN11407"/><ref name="reuterspakreaction"/> President Musharraf later announced that elections would be held by mid-February.<ref name="nprelection">{{cite news |url = https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16126298 |title = Musharraf Announces Elections for February |date = 8 November 2007 |access-date= 8 November 2007 |publisher= NPR}}</ref>

====Judges====
The new Provisional Constitutional Order required judges to retake an oath of allegiance to Musharraf. Many refused to do so, including 15 Supreme Court judges. Additionally, only a fraction of the judges in Pakistan's provinces took the new oath: in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] 12 out of 31, in [[Sindh]] 4 out of 27, in the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North-West Frontier Province]] 7 out of 15, and in [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]] 5 out of 11 retook their oaths.<ref name="Kalhan - Constitution and Extraconstitution" /><ref>{{cite news |url= http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=57303 |title= 75 Pakistani judges refuse allegiance to Musharraf |date= 4 November 2007 |access-date= 4 November 2007 |publisher= Mangalorean |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071106003028/http://mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=local&newsid=57303 |archive-date= 6 November 2007 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref>

On 6 November Pakistan's Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry, who was under house arrest, spoke by phone to a group of 500 lawyers. In his statement he said that the constitution had been "ripped to shreds" and that the people should "rise up and restore" it. He added that while he is under guard, he will soon "join you in your struggle."<ref>{{cite news |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7080433.stm|title = Top judge attacks Musharraf rule |date= 6 November 2007 |access-date= 7 November 2007 |publisher= BBC}}</ref>

It was alleged that the government used blackmail to get judges to take oath under the new PCO. Videos were sent out to at least three of the 11 judges as they were whether General Pervez Musharraf was eligible to run for president.<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2848490.ece |archive-url = https://archive.today/20100117025519/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article2848490.ece |url-status = dead |archive-date = 17 January 2010 |title = Judges ruling on general faced sex blackmail |date= 6 November 2007 |access-date= 7 November 2007 |work= The Times | location=London | first1=Ghulam | last1=Hasnain}}</ref>

Around 60 judges refused to take the oath under the "PCO", which includes a statement that no judgment can be passed against any government even if found guilty.<ref name="Kalhan - Constitution and Extraconstitution" />

On 20 November 2007 it was reported in the [[Daily Jang]] that a newly appointed Supreme Court had dismissed five writs challenging Musharraf's confirmation as president and was waiting to adjudicate the sixth. Another from the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] was withdrawn as the originators do not recognise the new court. The Court has threatened to revoke the licence of any lawyer not recognising its authority. Packing the Supreme Court with supporters is not unusual. Previously Musharraf appointed [[Iftikar Chaudhry]] as his nominee and the previous prime minister Nawaz Sharif also packed the judiciary with his sympathizers.

All judges were restored after elections were held.<ref name="Kalhan - Constitution and Extraconstitution" /><ref name=" Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry restored as Chief Justice of Pakistan ">{{cite news|url=http://www.geo.tv/3-16-2009/37470.htm|title=Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry restored as Chief Justice of Pakistan|date=16 November 2008|publisher=Geo.tv|access-date=16 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525103915/http://www.geo.tv/3-16-2009/37470.htm|archive-date=25 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

====Religious leaders====
[[Qazi Hussain Ahmed]] called for protests to overthrow "the military dictator," during a speech near the outside of [[Lahore]] to 20,000 of his followers.<ref name="reuterspakreaction"/> He is an Islamic leader of [[Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal|MMA]], a religious alliance opposing Musharraf.

====Lawyer community strike====
Deposed chief justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry called on lawyers nationwide on 11 November to defy baton-wielding police and protest President Gen. Pervez Musharraf's imposition of emergency rule.<ref>{{cite SSRN|title=The Lawyers' Movement in Pakistan|first=Ali|last=Khan|date=26 December 2007|ssrn = 1078727}}</ref>

"Go to every corner of Pakistan and give the message that this is the time to sacrifice," Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, who is under virtual house arrest in Islamabad, told lawyers by mobile phone. "Don't be afraid. God will help us and the day will come when you'll see the constitution supreme and no dictatorship for a long time."

The President of the Supreme Court Bar Association and other legal leaders were taken into custody immediately after the imposition of emergency rule. As a result, the Pakistan lawyer community called for a nationwide strike on 5 November 2007 against Musharraf's decision to impose emergency rule.

===International===
{{Main|International reaction to the 2007 Pakistani state of emergency}}
The immediate response from most countries was critical, with the measures viewed as running counter to liberal-democratic reforms.

== PCO Judges case ==
On 31 July 2009, the Supreme Court of Pakistan declared the steps taken on 3 November 2007, by former president Pervez Musharraf as illegal and unconstitutional under the Article 279 of the Constitution.<ref name="Court: Musharraf's 2007 rule unconstitutional ">{{cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2009-07/31/content_8501596.htm|title=Court: Musharraf's 2007 rule unconstitutional |date=31 July 2009|publisher=China daily|access-date=31 July 2009}}</ref><ref name="Kalhan - Gray Zone Constitutionalism">{{cite journal|last=Kalhan|first=Anil|title="Gray Zone" Constitutionalism and the Dilemma of Judicial Independence in Pakistan|journal=Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law|date=January 2013|volume=46|page=1|ssrn=2087116}}</ref> The judgment came after the 14-judge larger bench headed by Chief Justice of Pakistan Justice Iftikhar Muhammed Chaudhry completed the hearing of constitutional petitions regarding PCO judges, appointments of judges of higher judiciary and 3 November 2007, steps.<ref name="SC declares Nov 3, 2007 actions unconstitutional ">{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/12-sc+declares+nov+3+2007+actions+unconstitutional--bi-04|title=SC declares Nov 3, 2007 actions unconstitutional|date=31 July 2009|work=Dawn|access-date=31 July 2009|archive-date=3 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803163939/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/12-sc+declares+nov+3+2007+actions+unconstitutional--bi-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> The decision's short announcement also stated that the results of 2008 Pakistani general election, held on 18 February, will be given judicial protection and that President [[Asif Ali Zardari]] will not have to take a presidential oath again. However the court has some reservations about how the Ordinances including the controversial National Reconstruction Ordinance (NRO), were handled by the interim Supreme Court during the emergency Period, but present government was given 120 days to regularise them through parliament.<ref name="Supreme Court strikes down Nov 3 emergency ">{{cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/12-sc+declares+nov+3+2007+actions+unconstitutional--bi-04|title=Supreme Court strikes down Nov 3 emergency|last=Iqbal|first=Nasir|date=1 August 2009|work=Dawn|access-date=1 August 2009|archive-date=3 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803163939/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/12-sc+declares+nov+3+2007+actions+unconstitutional--bi-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Lawyers and advocates celebrated after the announcement was made by the Supreme Court of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://geo.tv/7-31-2009/46858.htm |title= SC declares Nov 3 steps illegal, unconstitutional |date= 31 July 2009 |access-date= 31 July 2009 |publisher= Geo.tv |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090803185404/http://www.geo.tv/7-31-2009/46858.htm |archive-date= 3 August 2009 |url-status= dead |df= dmy-all }}</ref> Musharraf was summoned by the court, but his lawyers did not appear because in their opinion he did not receive the court summons.<ref name="Pakistan Court Rules Musharraf’s Emergency Decree Was Illegal  ">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601091&sid=aOXJARBUId1Y|title=Pakistan Court Rules Musharraf's Emergency Decree Was Illegal  |last=Ahmed|first=Khaleeq|author2=Farhan Sharif|date=31 July 2009|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=31 July 2009}}</ref> The verdict was also welcomed by the spokesperson to the President former Senator Farhatullah Babar who said that "The Supreme Court short order today declaring the 3 November 2007 actions of General Pervez Musharraf as unconstitutional is a triumph of the democratic principles, a stinging negation of dictatorship and is most welcome."<ref name="Presidency welcomes SC verdict ">{{cite news |url=http://www.geo.tv/7-31-2009/46861.htm |title=Presidency welcomes SC verdict |date=31 July 2009 |publisher=Geo.tv |access-date=31 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090803102628/http://www.geo.tv/7-31-2009/46861.htm |archivedate=3 August 2009 }}</ref>

==Criminal indictment==
On 17 December 2019, a death sentence [[high treason]] was handed down to Musharraf in exile, for suspending the Constitution in 2007. The verdict, which was handed down by a three-member panel of the special court, headed by the chief judge of the [[Peshawar]] High Court, Waqar Ahmed Seth, was later overruled by [[Lahore High Court]] on 13 January 2020 but on 10 January 2024 Supreme court set aside Lahore Highcourt judgement bad reinstate death plenty of General Musaraf. A four member bench headed by Chief Justice Qazi Faez Isa declared LHC judgment unconstitutional and against the law and Question the conduct of Judges who give relief to General Musaraf. The Bench of Lahore High court was headed by Justice Mazahar Ali Akbar Naqvi, who was later promoted to supreme court has been recently dismissed by supreme judicial council in case of misconduct and Corruption.
https://tribune.com.pk/story/2452797/sc-upholds-musharrafs-death-penalty-in-treason-case?amp=1<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/ lahore-high-court-annuls-musharrafs-death-sentence/article30557948.ece ''Lahore High Court annuls Musharraf's death sentence'', The Hindu, 13 January 2020]</ref>

==See also==
* [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état]]
* [[Coup d'etat]]
* [[Benazir Bhutto assassination]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== Literature ==
* Schoresch Davoodi & Adama Sow: ''The Political Crisis of Pakistan in 2007'' – [[European University Center for Peace Studies|EPU]] Research Papers: Issue 08/07, Stadtschlaining 2007
* Anil Kalhan, ''Constitution and 'Extraconstitution': Emergency Powers in Postcolonial Pakistan and India'', in Emergency Powers in Asia (Victor Ramraj & Arun Thiruvengadam eds., Cambridge University Press, 2010)
* Anil Kalhan, ''"Gray Zone" Constitutionalism and the Dilemma of Judicial Independence in Pakistan'', 46 Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 1 (2013)

==External links==
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190123224248/http://www.movementforruleoflaw.com/ Movement for Rule of Law]'', Related to Lawyers Movement Pakistan.
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7077136.stm Text of Pakistan emergency declaration]
* [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/forumy/2007/11/pakistans-lawless-plight-prescription.php Pakistan's Lawless Plight: Prescription for Another Coup?], [[JURIST]], 4 November 2007
* [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/forumy/2007/11/pakistans-proclamation-of-emergency.php Pakistan's 'Proclamation of Emergency', the Judiciary and Other Stories], [[JURIST]]. 3 November 2007
* [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/forumy/2007/11/martial-law-by-another-name-in-pakistan.php Martial Law by Another Name in Pakistan], [[JURIST]], 2 November 2007
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071105071045/http://drfarrukhhmalik.wordpress.com/2007/11/03/provisional-constitution-order-constitutional-articles-suspended/ Provisional Constitution Order (constitutional articles suspended)]. Farrukh Malik. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012202225/http://drfarrukhhmalik.wordpress.com/ Silence]. 3 November 2007
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011022910/http://videostream.cronomagic.com/geo/ Geo television live video broadcast]

{{Pervez Musharraf}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pakistani State Of Emergency, 2007}}
[[Category:2007 in Pakistan|State of emergency]]
[[Category:2007 in politics]]
[[Category:December 2007 in Pakistan]]
[[Category:History of mass media in Pakistan|State of emergency, 2007]]
[[Category:Military dictatorships]]
[[Category:November 2007 in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistan military scandals|State of emergency, 2007]]
[[Category:Pervez Musharraf]]
[[Category:Political history of Pakistan|State of emergency, 2007]]
[[Category:Political repression in Pakistan|State of emergency, 2007]]
[[Category:2007 in Pakistani politics]]