View source for 2000 millennium attack plots

{{short description|Planned terrorist attacks linked to al-Qaeda in the year 2000}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
[[File:LAX (2815450539).jpg|thumb|[[Los Angeles International Airport]] (LAX) was a target of the plots.]]
A series of [[Islamist terrorist]] attacks linked to [[al-Qaeda]] were planned to occur on or near January 1, 2000, in the context of [[millennium celebrations]], including bombing plots against four tourist sites in [[Jordan]], the [[Los Angeles International Airport]] (LAX), {{USS|The Sullivans|DDG-68|6}}, and the hijacking of [[Indian Airlines Flight 814]].<ref name="post2">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121021215633/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/65601030.html?dids=65601030:65601030&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Dec+24,+2000&author=Vernon+Loeb&pub=The+Washington+Post&edition=&startpage=A.02&desc=Planned+Jan.+2000+Attacks+Failed+or+Were+Thwarted%3B+Plot+Targeted+U.S.,+Jordan,+American+Warship,+Official+Says Planned Jan. 2000 Attacks Failed or Were Thwarted; Plot Targeted U.S., Jordan, American Warship, Official Says]", [[Vernon Loeb]], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', December 24, 2000 {{subscription required}}  (mirrored at {{cite web |url=http://www.powmadeak47.com/terror/dzterr001224bs.html |title=todd |access-date=August 12, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715111031/http://www.powmadeak47.com/terror/dzterr001224bs.html |archive-date=July 15, 2011  }})</ref>

In [[Lebanon]], dozens were killed in [[Dinnieh clashes|clashes in the Dinnieh district]] between radical Islamists with connections to the Jordan plots and the Lebanese Army.<ref name="Soufan" /> The plots in Jordan and against LAX were foiled by law enforcement agencies, while the attempted bombing of ''The Sullivans'' only failed because the boat filled with explosives sank before detonating.

The revelation of the plot linked to the LAX "Millennium Bomber" [[Ahmed Ressam]] led to unprecedented investigations into other potential terrorist cells in the United States, dubbed Operation "Borderbom", and security measures around millennium celebrations. Other al-Qaeda-linked millennium attack plots may have been planned or foiled around the same time.<ref name="other">{{Cite news|title=Other Millennium Attacks|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/trail/inside/attacks.html|work=PBS Frontline|date=October 25, 2001|access-date=July 13, 2016|archive-date=September 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200904031028/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/trail/inside/attacks.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Millennium attack plots==

===Jordan bombing plots===
In Jordan, members of the Islamist terror organization al-Qaeda planned to bomb four sites: a fully booked Radisson hotel in [[Amman]], Jordan; the border between Jordan and [[Israel]]; a Christian church on [[Mount Nebo (Jordan)|Mount Nebo]]; and a site on the [[Jordan River]] where [[John the Baptist]] is said to have [[Baptism of Jesus|baptized Jesus]].<ref name=abc-us-millenium>{{cite news |title=Amman Radisson Targeted in Foiled Millennium Attack |url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/Terrorism/story?id=1296624 |publisher=American Broadcasting Company |access-date=February 4, 2015 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |date=November 9, 2005 |archive-date=October 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028211618/https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/Terrorism/story?id=1296624 |url-status=live }}</ref> These locations were chosen to target tourists from the United States and Israel.<ref name="other"/> The most active participant was a [[Boston]] taxi driver named [[Raed Hijazi]].<ref name="other"/>

On November 30, 1999, Jordanian intelligence intercepted a call between Saudi citizen [[Abu Zubaydah]], the leader of the plot, and Khadr Abu Hoshar, a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] militant terrorist. In the conversation, Zubaydah stated, "The time for training is over." Sensing that the attack was imminent, Jordanian police arrested Hoshar and fifteen others on December 12, 1999.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Dissecting a Terror Plot From Boston to Amman|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/15/world/dissecting-a-terror-plot-from-boston-to-amman.html?pagewanted=all|work=The New York Times|date=January 15, 2001|access-date=February 18, 2017|archive-date=October 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028211635/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/15/world/dissecting-a-terror-plot-from-boston-to-amman.html?pagewanted=all|url-status=live}}</ref>

Jordanian authorities put twenty-eight suspects on trial. Twenty-two of them were quickly found guilty. Six of them, thought to be linked to [[Osama bin Laden]], including Hijazi, were [[sentenced to death]]. Abu Zubaydah was sentenced to death ''[[trial in absentia|in absentia]]''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Six Muslim militants sentenced to death for plotting to attack tourists in Jordan|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/six-muslim-militants-sentenced-to-death-for-plotting-to-attack-tourists-in-jordan-699684.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/six-muslim-militants-sentenced-to-death-for-plotting-to-attack-tourists-in-jordan-699684.html |archive-date=May 1, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Independent|date=September 19, 2000}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=U.S.-Jordanian sentenced to death|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/02/11/jordan.terrorism/index.html?related|work=CNN|date=February 11, 2002|access-date=July 13, 2016|archive-date=September 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901150900/http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/02/11/jordan.terrorism/index.html?related|url-status=live}}</ref> Luai Sakra and [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]] were sentenced ''in absentia'' in 2002 for their part in the plot, which included using poison gas during the bombing.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Syrian Terror Suspect: Aladdin of the Black Forest|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/syrian-terror-suspect-aladdin-of-the-black-forest-a-371214.html|work=Der Spiegel|date=August 15, 2005|access-date=July 13, 2016|archive-date=August 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820132654/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/syrian-terror-suspect-aladdin-of-the-black-forest-a-371214.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===LAX bombing plot===
[[File:MV COHO.JPG|thumb|[[Ahmed Ressam]] was arrested on the ferry [[MV Coho|MV ''Coho'']] while attempting to cross into the US at Port Angeles.]]
Ahmed Ressam, an [[Algeria]]n citizen living in [[Montreal|Montreal, Canada]], confessed after interrogation to having planned to bomb the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) on New Year's Eve. He was arrested by a [[U.S. Customs Service]] inspector at [[Port Angeles, Washington|Port Angeles]], [[Washington state|Washington]], a U.S. port of entry, on December 14, 1999. Customs officials found a cache of explosives that could have produced "a blast forty times greater than that of a devastating [[car bomb]]" and four timing devices hidden in the spare tire well in the trunk of the rented car in which he had traveled from [[Canada]].<ref name="febninth">{{cite web|url=http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/US_v_Ressam_9thcircuitappeals0210.pdf |title=U.S. v. Ressam |last=U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit |date=February 2, 2010 |access-date=February 27, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004023628/http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/US_v_Ressam_9thcircuitappeals0210.pdf |archive-date=October 4, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="comp">{{cite web |url=http://nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/U.S._v_Ressam_Complaint.pdf |title=Complaint; U.S. v. Ressam |date=December 1999 |publisher=NEFA Foundation |access-date=February 26, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301162643/http://nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/U.S._v_Ressam_Complaint.pdf |archive-date=March 1, 2012  }}</ref> Ressam later asserted that the plot was facilitated by Zubaydah and known to bin Laden.<ref name="cnnbinladen"/><ref name="Independent"/>

The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) conducted door-to-door interviews of up to 50 individuals across the country, made "dozens of arrests" as part of investigations into possible other individuals linked to the case,<ref name="upi"/><ref>{{cite news|title=FBI 'terrorism' swoop|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/584144.stm|publisher=BBC|date=December 30, 1999|access-date=July 15, 2016|archive-date=October 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028211211/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/584144.stm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. links Canadian woman to bomb-smuggling suspect|url=http://edition.cnn.com/1999/US/12/30/terror.wrap.01/index.html|publisher=CNN|date=December 30, 1999|access-date=July 15, 2016|archive-date=August 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818062505/http://edition.cnn.com/1999/US/12/30/terror.wrap.01/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and reportedly "questioned hundreds of Muslims from Los Angeles to Boston, wiretapped hundreds of conversations, and put hundreds of individuals under surveillance".<ref name="WashingtonPost">{{cite news|first=Lorraine|last=Adams|title=The Other Man|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/20/AR2007082000897.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=August 20, 2007|access-date=August 23, 2017|archive-date=August 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822122554/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/20/AR2007082000897.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Chapter 14: The Warning|url=http://old.seattletimes.com/news/nation-world/terroristwithin/chapter14.html|work=Seattle Times|date=July 2002|access-date=July 23, 2016|archive-date=April 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413191712/http://old.seattletimes.com/news/nation-world/terroristwithin/chapter14.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Abdelghani Meskini, a known criminal was arrested in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York City|New York]] on December 30 by [[Joint Terrorism Task Force]] for his links to Ressam.<ref>{{cite news|title=Big Apple's Millennium Bash|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/big-apples-millennium-bash/|work=CBS News|date=December 31, 1999|access-date=July 23, 2016|archive-date=August 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819223025/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/big-apples-millennium-bash/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NewYorker">{{cite magazine|first=Lawrence|last=Wright|title=The Counter-Terrorist|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/01/14/the-counter-terrorist|magazine=The New Yorker|date=January 14, 2002|access-date=July 23, 2016|archive-date=July 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723010715/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/01/14/the-counter-terrorist|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. Case Against Informer Bares a Tangled Bond|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/18/nyregion/18informer.html|work=The New York Times|date=October 17, 2010|access-date=February 18, 2017|archive-date=July 21, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721132155/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/18/nyregion/18informer.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In New York and Boston, nine other Algerians linked to Meskini were arrested by the FBI, as part of the largest counter-terrorism operation ever conducted in the United States, dubbed Operation "Borderbom".<ref name="WashingtonPost" /> Most, including Meskini faced minor charges after no significant terrorism links could be proven, although a main suspected bomb-making accomplice, [[Abdelmajid Dahoumane]] had fled the country.<ref name="WashingtonPost"/> Other suspected targets alleged by [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) sources included the [[Seattle]] [[Space Needle]] and [[Disneyland]], [[California]],<ref>{{Cite news|title=Terrorists targeted Disneyland, Space Needle|url=http://www.upi.com/Archives/2001/02/20/Terrorists-targeted-Disneyland-Space-Needle/9610982645200/|work=United Press International|date=February 20, 2001|access-date=July 23, 2016|archive-date=August 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807232801/http://www.upi.com/Archives/2001/02/20/Terrorists-targeted-Disneyland-Space-Needle/9610982645200/|url-status=live}}</ref> with maps found with circles around "three California airports—Los Angeles International, Long Beach and Ontario—as well as maps with San Francisco's landmark Transamerica building and Seattle's Space Needle."<ref>{{cite news|title=Millennium Terror Plot Foiled, U.s. Tells Trial|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2001/03/14/millennium-terror-plot-foiled-us-tells-trial/|work=Chicago Tribune|date=March 14, 2001|access-date=July 23, 2016|archive-date=August 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817013113/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-03-14/news/0103140232_1_prosecutor-explosions-ahmed-ressam|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ressam began cooperating with investigators in 2001. He was initially sentenced to 22 years in prison, but in 2010 an appellate court reversed and remanded the case based on procedural errors and recommended that his sentence be extended.<ref name=CNN1>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/02/02/millennium.bomber/index.html?hpt=T2 |publisher=CNN |title='Millennium bomber' sentence overturned; feds seek longer one |access-date=April 21, 2010 |date=February 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329113326/http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/02/02/millennium.bomber/index.html?hpt=T2 |archive-date=March 29, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> He was re-sentenced to 37 years' imprisonment in 2012.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-20075561 'Millennium bomber' Ahmed Ressam given longer sentence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028212426/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-20075561 |date=October 28, 2020 }}, BBC News, October 24, 2012</ref> Another Algerian-Canadian, [[Mokhtar Haouari]] was sentenced to 24 years imprisonment for assisting Ressam in the plot.<ref>{{cite news|title=New York: Manhattan: Conviction Upheld In Bomb Plot|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/28/nyregion/metro-briefing-new-york-manhattan-conviction-upheld-in-bomb-plot.html?ref=topics|work=The New York Times|date=January 28, 2003|access-date=February 18, 2017|archive-date=March 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309170507/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/28/nyregion/metro-briefing-new-york-manhattan-conviction-upheld-in-bomb-plot.html?ref=topics|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Abu Doha]] was indicted for the plot, but was denied extradition from the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Germany sends 4 to prison in New Year's plot|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2003/03/11/germany-sends-4-to-prison-in-new-years-plot/|work=Chicago Tribune|date=March 11, 2003|access-date=July 23, 2016|archive-date=February 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213103929/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-03-11/news/0303110303_1_al-qaeda-bombing-plot-terror-network|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lacking evidence, Britain to free LAX bomb plot suspect|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-jun-29-fg-lax29-story.html|work=The Los Angeles Times|date=June 29, 2008|access-date=July 23, 2016|archive-date=February 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214012054/http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jun/29/world/fg-lax29|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814===
{{main article|Indian Airlines Flight 814}}
Indian Airlines Flight 814, en route from [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]] to [[New Delhi]], [[India]] was hijacked on December 24, 1999, by five militants of the al-Qaeda-linked [[Harkat-ul-Mujahideen]] group.<ref name="other"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Kandahar plane hijack: Rehman admits link with terrorists|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/kandahar-plane-hijack-rehman-admits-link-with-terrorists-2871159/|work=The Indian Express|date=June 23, 2016|access-date=July 20, 2016|archive-date=June 24, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624115610/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/kandahar-plane-hijack-rehman-admits-link-with-terrorists-2871159/|url-status=live}}</ref> The hijackers reportedly told the captain, "Fly slowly, fly carefully, there is no hurry. We have to give India a millennium gift," as a bomb in the cargo room of the plane was timed to go off at midnight, December 31, 1999. The plane eventually landed in [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Taliban-controlled]] [[Kandahar]], [[Afghanistan]]. On December 31, India agreed to release three captive militants in exchange for the nearly 200 passengers and crew that were being held hostage.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Bruce O.|last=Riedel|year=2012|title=Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America, and the Future of the Global Jihad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ULgk7_oWB1EC&pg=PA58|publisher=Brookings Institution Press|pages=58–59|isbn=9780815722748|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=January 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124025839/https://books.google.com/books?id=ULgk7_oWB1EC&pg=PA58|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Dilip|last=Hiro|year=2014|title=War Without End: The Rise of Islamist Terrorism and Global Response|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J1G4AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA288|publisher=Routledge|pages=287–288|isbn=9781136485565|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=January 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124025839/https://books.google.com/books?id=J1G4AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA288|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Lebanon and Syria clashes===
{{main article|Dinnieh clashes}}
On December 31, 1999, attacks were launched by a group of up to 300 radical Islamists against Lebanese Army forces in the [[Miniyeh-Danniyeh District|Dinnieh district]] in northern Lebanon.<ref name="Soufan">{{Cite book|first=Ali|last=Soufan|title=The Black Banners: The Inside Story of 9/11 and the War Against al-Qaeda|year=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IkMU-uOEiFIC&pg=PA144|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|page=144|isbn=9780393083477|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=January 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124025907/https://books.google.com/books?id=IkMU-uOEiFIC&pg=PA144|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="meforum">{{Cite journal|first=Gary C.|last=Gambill|title=Syrian, Lebanese Security Forces Crush Sunni Islamist Opposition|url=https://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0001_l1.htm|journal=Middle East Intelligence Bulletin|volume=2|number=1|date=January 2000|access-date=July 16, 2017|archive-date=October 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028232949/https://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0001_l1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The group behind the attack, calling itself after the apocalyptic [[Takfir wal-Hijra]] group<ref>{{Cite book|first=Barry|last=Rubin|title=Revolutionaries and Reformers: Contemporary Islamist Movements in the Middle East|year=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XigAcphccngC&pg=PA18|publisher=SUNY Press|page=18|isbn=9780791487396|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=January 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124025840/https://books.google.com/books?id=XigAcphccngC&pg=PA18|url-status=live}}</ref> was led by [[Bassam Kanj]], a close associate of Raed Hijazi who had been indicted for his involvement in the Jordan bombing plots. Kanj had met Hijazi in the Khalden training camp in Afghanistan, and they later worked for the same Boston taxi company in the United States in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite book|first=R.|last=Rabil|title=Religion, National Identity, and Confessional Politics in Lebanon: The Challenge of Islamism|year=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fHMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA192|publisher=Springer|page=192|isbn=9780230339255|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=January 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124025841/https://books.google.com/books?id=3fHMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA192|url-status=live}}</ref> The fighting lasted for eight days, and killed eleven soldiers, five civilians, and 28 Islamists.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Robert G.|last=Rabil|title=Salafism in Lebanon: From Apoliticism to Transnational Jihadism|year=2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4pGrBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA167|publisher=Georgetown University Press|page=167|isbn=9781626161177|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=January 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124025849/https://books.google.com/books?id=4pGrBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA167|url-status=live}}</ref>

Lebanon being [[Syrian occupation of Lebanon|under Syrian occupation at the time]], the Lebanon clashes followed clashes in [[Syria]] between Syrian security forces and Islamists, some of whom were accused of infiltrating the country from Jordan and Saudi Arabia, that began on December 30 when several Syrian intelligence agents were ambushed and killed. The clashes lasted for four days in [[Damascus]], [[Homs]] and nearby villages, and the [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]] group claimed that 1,200 of its members had been arrested by January 2000.<ref name="meforum"/><ref>{{Cite news|first=Line|last=Khatib|title=Islamic Revivalism in Syria: The Rise and Fall of Ba'thist Secularism|year=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGhe5jU-l_oC&pg=PA194|publisher=Routledge|page=194|isbn=9781136661778|access-date=November 23, 2020|archive-date=January 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124025853/https://books.google.com/books?id=QGhe5jU-l_oC&pg=PA194|url-status=live}}</ref>

===USS ''The Sullivans'' bombing attempt===
{{Main|USS The Sullivans (DDG-68)#Attempted Al-Qaeda bombing}}
On January 3, 2000, in [[Yemen]], members of al-Qaeda attempted to use a boat with explosives to damage the warship {{USS|The Sullivans|DDG-68|6}} while it was refueling in [[Aden]]. The attempt failed when the over-loaded, bomb-laden boat sank before detonating.<ref name=fbi-terror-00-01>{{cite web |author1=Federal Bureau of Investigation |title=Terrorism 2000/2001 2004–306-694 |url=https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/terror/terrorism-2000-2001#Terrorism_2000/2001 |website=www.fbi.gov |publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]] |access-date=February 4, 2015 |date=2004 |archive-date=June 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621075632/https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/terror/terrorism-2000-2001/#Terrorism_2000/2001 |url-status=live }} ([https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/terror/terror00_01.pdf PDF version] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204055547/https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/stats-services-publications-terror-terror00_01.pdf |date=February 4, 2021 }})</ref><ref name=Piszkiewicz >{{cite book |first=Dennis |last = Piszkiewicz |year=2003 |url=https://archive.org/details/terrorismswarwit00denn |url-access=registration |title=Terrorism's war with America: A history |pages=[https://archive.org/details/terrorismswarwit00denn/page/123 123] |isbn=978-0-275-97952-2 |publisher=Praeger |location=Westport, Conn. |edition=first |access-date=February 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>"''[[Against All Enemies: Inside America's War on Terror]]''" [[Richard A. Clarke]].  {{ISBN|0-7432-6823-7}} {{page needed|date=February 2015}}</ref>

[[Jamal Ahmad Mohammad Al Badawi]] and [[Fahd al-Quso]] were charged ''in absentia'' in [[United States district court]] in 2003 for their alleged roles in several terrorist acts, including the attempted bombing of ''The Sullivans''.<ref>{{Cite news|title=U.S. Charges Cole Role Players|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-charges-cole-role-players/|work=CBS News|date=April 11, 2003|access-date=July 23, 2016|archive-date=August 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819230240/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/us-charges-cole-role-players/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, [[Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri]], held in [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp|Guantanamo]], was charged with planning the attack on ''The Sullivans'' along with other attacks, facing death penalty.<ref>{{Cite news|title=USS Cole Bombing Fast Facts|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/18/world/uss-cole-bombing-fast-facts|work=CNN|date=April 6, 2016|access-date=July 23, 2016|archive-date=January 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103200000/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/18/world/meast/uss-cole-bombing-fast-facts/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=USS Cole bombing 'mastermind' arraigned in Guantánamo|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/8879578/USS-Cole-bombing-mastermind-arraigned-in-Guantanamo.html|work=The Telegraph|date=November 9, 2011|access-date=April 4, 2018|archive-date=April 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413060757/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/8879578/USS-Cole-bombing-mastermind-arraigned-in-Guantanamo.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Other plots===
According to [[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Advisor]] of the [[Presidency of Bill Clinton|Clinton administration]], [[Sandy Berger]], terrorist cells had been disrupted in "eight countries" in the weeks before New Year's Eve, which was said to have "almost certainly" prevented additional attacks.<ref name="other"/> The man behind the LAX plot, Ahmed Ressam, claimed there had been plans by other terrorist cells of millennium attacks "in Europe, in the Gulf, against U.S. and Israel."<ref name="other"/> Major security operations were launched to improve security for the millennium celebrations in [[Times Square]], New York, along with several other cities in the United States and Europe.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Federal agents are scrambling to stop a new Y2K worry: terror|url=http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/time/1999/12/27/new.year.html|work=CNN|date=December 27, 1999|access-date=July 23, 2016|archive-date=May 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509131658/http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/time/1999/12/27/new.year.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Big bang theory haunts the US|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/dec/28/millennium.uk|work=The Guardian|date=December 28, 1999|access-date=July 23, 2016|archive-date=August 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826015820/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/dec/28/millennium.uk|url-status=live}}</ref>

In anticipation of the turn to the new millennium, official concerns by the FBI and U.S. authorities had focused on purported threats by "apocalyptic" religious or political groups, claimed to include lone wolf [[White supremacy|white supremacists]], Christian [[Apocalypticism|apocalyptic]] cults or radical elements of [[Militia organizations in the United States|militia organizations]].<ref name="upi">{{Cite news|title=World prepares for millennium attacks|url=http://www.upi.com/Archives/1999/12/23/World-prepares-for-millennium-attacks/3116945925200/|publisher=United Press International|date=December 23, 1999|access-date=July 15, 2016|archive-date=August 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808023756/http://www.upi.com/Archives/1999/12/23/World-prepares-for-millennium-attacks/3116945925200/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=FBI to warn local police to be alert for extremist millennium attacks|url=http://journaltimes.com/news/national/fbi-to-warn-local-police-to-be-alert-for-extremist/article_d9b8e08f-ffc2-5176-b77e-174193a6657a.html|work=The Journal Times|date=October 21, 1999|access-date=July 15, 2016|archive-date=September 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903152947/https://journaltimes.com/news/national/fbi-to-warn-local-police-to-be-alert-for-extremist/article_d9b8e08f-ffc2-5176-b77e-174193a6657a.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=This Week in History: Y2K, terror and apocalypse|url=http://www.jpost.com/Features/In-Thespotlight/This-Week-in-History-Y2K-terror-and-apocalypse|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=December 31, 2010|access-date=July 15, 2016|archive-date=August 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818113913/http://www.jpost.com/Features/In-Thespotlight/This-Week-in-History-Y2K-terror-and-apocalypse|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
===Investigation===
While in prison, Ressam revealed that al-Qaeda [[clandestine cell system|sleeper cells]] existed within the United States. This information was included in the [[President's Daily Brief]] delivered to President [[George W. Bush]] on August 6, 2001, entitled ''[[Bin Laden Determined To Strike in US]]''.<ref name="cnnbinladen">{{Cite news|title=Transcript: Bin Laden determined to strike in US|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/04/10/august6.memo/|work=CNN|date=April 10, 2004|access-date=July 18, 2016|archive-date=October 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028235945/http://edition.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/04/10/august6.memo/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Independent">{{Cite news|title=Bin Laden memo puts Bush on back foot|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/bin-laden-memo-puts-bush-on-back-foot-559687.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/bin-laden-memo-puts-bush-on-back-foot-559687.html |archive-date=May 1, 2022 |url-access=subscription|work=The Independent|date=April 12, 2004}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

FBI special agent and counter-terrorism chief [[John P. O'Neill]], who had been central in the investigation of al-Qaeda in the late 1990s and the millennium plot, and subsequently suspected the existence of sleeper cells in the United States, died in the [[September 11 attacks]] in 2001 as head of security of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]]. O'Neill had started his new job on August 23 less than a month before the attack, after he had been squeezed out of the bureau.<ref name="NewYorker"/>

On July 19, 2004, it was revealed that the [[U.S. Justice Department]] was investigating former National Security Advisor of the Clinton administration, Sandy Berger, for unauthorized removal of [[classified information|classified documents]] in October 2003 from a [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]] reading room prior to testifying before the 9/11 Commission.  The documents were five classified copies of a single report commissioned from Richard A. Clarke, covering internal assessments of the Clinton administration's handling of the plots. An associate of Berger said Berger took one copy in September 2003 and four copies in October 2003.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2005/LAW/04/01/berger.plea/ |work=CNN |title=Sandy Berger to plead guilty on documents charge |date=April 1, 2005 |access-date=May 23, 2010 |archive-date=September 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901150854/http://edition.cnn.com/2005/LAW/04/01/berger.plea/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Attacks===
After the unsuccessful attack on USS ''The Sullivans'', al-Qaeda attempted the same type of attack for a second time, again in Aden, Yemen. They [[USS Cole bombing|successfully bombed]] {{USS|Cole|DDG-67|6}} on October 12, 2000, in an attack that claimed the lives of seventeen U.S. sailors.<ref name="other"/>

The Radisson SAS hotel in Amman, Jordan, which was the target of a millennium attack plot, was one of three hotels in the city that were [[2005 Amman bombings#Radisson SAS|bombed by al-Qaeda in 2005]]. Thirty-eight people were killed in the bombing, which was the deadliest of the three hotels attacked.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Amman Radisson Targeted in Foiled Millennium Attack|url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/Terrorism/story?id=1296624|work=ABC News|date=November 9, 2005|access-date=June 27, 2020|archive-date=October 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028211618/https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/Terrorism/story?id=1296624|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Greater Los Angeles}}
* [[Timeline of al-Qaeda attacks]]
* [[Kosheh massacres]], millennium massacre of Copts in Egypt
* [[Strasbourg Cathedral bombing plot]], al-Qaeda plot for 2000 New Year's Eve
* [[2015 New Year's attack plots]], plots by [[Islamic State|ISIL]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/t/terrorism/2000_millennium_bomb_plots/index.html "2000 Millennium Bomb Plots"], collection of articles in ''The New York Times''
* [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/trail/ "Trail of a Terrorist"], about Ahmed Ressam and millennium attack plots by PBS ''Frontline''

{{Terrorism in Jordan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Millennium attack plots}}
[[Category:2000 millennium attack plots| ]]
[[Category:1999 in Jordan]]
[[Category:Al-Qaeda activities]]
[[Category:Apocalypticism]]
[[Category:Attacks during New Year celebrations]]
[[Category:Counterterrorism]]
[[Category:Counterterrorism in the United States]]
[[Category:Failed terrorist attempts]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in the United States]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 1999]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2000]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Jordan]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in 1999]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in 2000]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in the United States in 1999]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Yemen in 2000]]
[[Category:Turn of the third millennium]]
[[Category:Los Angeles International Airport]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Jordan in the 2000s]]
[[Category:1999 in India]]
[[Category:Counterterrorism in India]]
[[Category:Terrorist incidents in India in 1999]]
[[Category:Indian Airlines]]