View source for 2-6-0

{{Short description|Locomotive wheel arrangement}}
{{Infobox steam wheel arrangement
| name             = 2-6-0 (Mogul)
| image            = WheelArrangement 2-6-0.svg
| alt              = Diagram of a single small leading wheel, and three driving wheels joined by coupling rods
| caption          = Front of locomotive at left
| image2           = Strasburg RR.jpeg
| alt2             = 
| caption2         = [[Canadian National]] E-10-a class [[Canadian National 89|No. 89]], now owned by the [[Strasburg Rail Road]]
<!--Equivalent classifications-->
| hatnote          = 
| UIC/Germany/Italy= 1'C
| French/Spanish   = 130
| Turkish          = 34
| Swiss            = 3/4
| Russian          = 1-3-0
<!--First tank engine version-->
| date             = c. 1870
| country          = England
| locomotive       = 
| railway          = [[Garstang and Knot-End Railway]]
| designer         = 
| builder          = 
| evolvedfrom      = 
| evolvedto        = 
| mainbenefit      = 
| maindrawback     = 
<!--First tender engine version-->
| date2            = 1852–53
| country2         = United States of America
| locomotive2      = ''Pawnee''
| railway2         = [[Reading Company|Philadelphia & Reading Rail Road]]
| designer2        = 
| builder2         = [[Baldwin Locomotive Works]]<br>[[Norris Locomotive Works]]
| evolvedfrom2     = [[2-4-0]]
| evolvedto2       = [[2-6-2]]
| mainbenefit2     = Better adhesion than the [[2-4-0]]
| maindrawback2    = Small drivers caused by the firebox being placed in between the driving wheels
<!--First "True type" version-->
| date3            = 1860
| country3         = United States of America
| locomotive3      = 
| railway3         = [[Louisville & Nashville Railroad]]
| designer3        = 
| builder3         = 
| evolvedfrom3     = [[2-4-0]]
| evolvedto3       = [[2-6-2]]
| mainbenefit3     = Better adhesion with 6 coupled drivers
| maindrawback3    = Small drivers limited speed
}}

Under the [[Whyte notation]] for the classification of [[steam locomotive]]s, '''{{nowrap|2-6-0}}''' represents the [[wheel arrangement]] of two [[leading wheel]]s on one axle, usually in a [[leading truck]], six powered and coupled [[driving wheel]]s on three axles and no [[trailing wheel]]s. This arrangement is commonly called a '''Mogul'''.<ref>White, John H. Jr. (1968). ''A history of the American locomotive; its development: 1830–1880.'' New York: Dover Publications. pp. 62–65. {{ISBN|0-486-23818-0}}</ref>
{{TOC limit|3}}

==Overview==
In the United States and Europe, the 2-6-0 wheel arrangement was principally used on [[tender (rail)|tender]] locomotives. This type of locomotive was widely built in the United States from the early 1860s to the 1920s.

Although examples were built as early as 1852–53 by two [[Philadelphia]] manufacturers, [[Baldwin Locomotive Works]] and [[Norris Locomotive Works]], these first examples had their leading axles mounted directly and rigidly on the frame of the locomotive rather than on a separate truck or [[bogie]].<ref name=Hunt/> On these early 2-6-0 locomotives, the leading axle was merely used to distribute the weight of the locomotive over a larger number of wheels. It was therefore essentially an [[0-8-0]] with an unpowered leading axle and the leading wheels did not serve the same purpose as, for example, the leading trucks of the [[4-4-0]] American or [[4-6-0]] Ten-Wheeler types which, at the time, had been in use for at least a decade.

The first American 2-6-0 with a rigidly mounted leading axle was the ''Pawnee'', built for heavy freight service on the [[Reading Company|Philadelphia & Reading Rail Road]]. In total, about thirty locomotives of this type were built for various American railroads. While they were generally successful in slow, heavy freight service, the railroads that used these first 2-6-0 locomotives didn't see any great advantages in them over the [[0-6-0]] or 0-8-0 designs of the time. The railroads noted their increased pulling power, but also found that their rather rigid suspension made them more prone to derailments than the 4-4-0 locomotives of the day. Many railroad mechanics attributed these derailments to having too little weight on the leading truck.

The first true 2-6-0s were built in the early 1860s, the first few being built in 1860 for the [[Louisville and Nashville Railroad]]. The new design required the use of a single-axle swiveling truck. Such a truck was first patented in the United Kingdom by [[Levi Bissell]] in May 1857.<ref name=Hunt/>

In 1864, William S. Hudson, then the superintendent of [[Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works]], patented an equalized leading truck that was able to move independently of the driving axles. This equalized suspension worked much better over the uneven tracks of the day.{{clarify|date=June 2022}} The first locomotive built with such a leading truck was likely completed in 1865 for the [[New Jersey Rail Road and Transportation Company]] as their number 39.

The locomotive class name likely derives from a locomotive named ''Mogul'', built by [[Taunton Locomotive Manufacturing Company]] in 1866 for the [[Central Railroad of New Jersey]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}} However, it has also been suggested that it derived from [[GER Class 527#Prototype|the British 2-6-0 engine of that name]], the prototype of its class, built by [[Neilson and Company]] for the [[Great Eastern Railway]] in 1879.<ref name=Allen>{{cite book |last=Allen |first=Cecil J. |title=The Great Eastern Railway |edition=2nd |year=1956 |orig-year=1955 |publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]] |location=Hampton Court |page=96 }}</ref><ref name=GERS>{{cite web |title=The Adams Era |at=No. 527 Class 2-6-0 1878-1879 |publisher=Great Eastern Railway Society |url=http://www.gersociety.org.uk/loco/adams.htm#527c |access-date=2008-04-29 |archive-date=2007-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921125726/http://www.gersociety.org.uk/loco/adams.htm#527c |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Usage==

===Australia===
Beyer, Peacock & Company provided large numbers of standard design {{Track gauge|3ft6in|al=on}} narrow gauge Mogul locomotives to several Australian Railways. Users of the Mogul type include the [[South Australian Railways]] with its [[South Australian Railways Y class|Y class]], the [[Tasmanian Government Railways]] with its [[Tasmanian Government Railways C class|C class]], the [[Western Australian Government Railways]] with its [[WAGR G class|G class]] (in a {{nowrap|[[4-6-0]]}} configuration as well) and numerous private users. The SAR also purchased 8 examples of the type built by Baldwin which became the [[South Australian Railways X class|X class]]. The [[New South Wales Government Railways]] had a number of mogul types starting from the 1880s, forming the [[New South Wales Z21 class locomotive|Z21]], [[New South Wales Z22 class locomotive|Z22]], [[New South Wales Z24 class locomotive|Z24]], [[New South Wales Z25 class locomotive|Z25]] and [[New South Wales Z27 class locomotive|Z27]] classes.

===Belgian Congo===
Twenty {{nowrap|2-6-0}} locomotives were built by [[Tubize|''Les Ateliers de Tubize'']] locomotive works in  Belgium for the {{RailGauge|1000mm|lk=on|al=on}} ''[[CF du Congo Superieur aux Grands Lacs Africains]]'' (CFL) between 1913 and 1924. The first eight, numbered 27 to 34, were built in 1913, followed by six more in 1921, numbered 35 to 40. Six more of a slightly larger version followed in 1924, numbered 41 to 46. They had {{convert|360|by|460|mm|abbr=off}} cylinders and {{convert|1050|mm|in|0|abbr=off}} diameter driving wheels, with the smaller versions having a working order mass of {{convert|28.8|t|abbr=off}} and the larger versions {{convert|33.4|t|abbr=off}}. Most of the CFL was regauged to {{RailGauge|3ft6in|lk=on}} gauge in 1955, as were all of the serving Moguls. Most of them still survived in 1973.<ref>Continental Railway Journal No.19, published by the Continental Railway Circle in the UK</ref><ref>Railways of the Congo, compiled and published by Reg Carter, UK, revised edition, June 2000</ref>

===Canada===
A large number of 2-6-0 locomotives were used in Canada, where they were considered more usable in restricted spaces, being shorter than the more common [[4-6-0]] Ten-Wheelers. [[Canadian National]] (CN) had several.<ref>[https://www.angelfire.com/ca/TORONTO/CNRsteam.html Canadian National Railways Steam Locomotive Roster]</ref> One of them, the CN no. 89, an E-10-a class locomotive built by [[Canadian Locomotive Company]] in 1910, has been owned and operated since 1972 by the [[Strasburg Rail Road]] in [[Pennsylvania]] in the US, in conjunction with the [[Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.strasburgrailroad.com/about-the-railroad.php |title=Strasburg Rail Road Today |access-date=2012-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116003956/http://strasburgrailroad.com/about-the-railroad.php |archive-date=2013-01-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another no. 81 has since its retirement been on public display outdoors in " Palmerston Lions Heritage Park " just south of Main Street in Palmerston, Ontario, Canada.

A well-preserved version, the [[White Pass and Yukon Route]] No. 51, can be found at the MacBride Museum of Yukon History in [[Whitehorse, Yukon]].

===Finland===
[[Image:Finland SocieteSuisse1.JPG|thumb|Finnish class Sk1 No 124, built 1885 by [[Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works]], at the [[Finnish Railway Museum]]]]
Finland's 2-6-0 locomotives were the Classes Sk1, Sk2, Sk3, Sk4, Sk5 and Sk6.

[[Finnish Steam Locomotive Class Sk1]]s were built from 1885 by [[Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works]]. They carried numbers 117 to 131, 134 to 149, 152 to 172 and 183 to 190. These locomotives were nicknamed ''Little Brown''.

Class Sk2 locomotives were numbered 196 to 213, 314 to 321 and 360 to 372. They were built by [[Tampella]]. No. 315 is preserved at [[Tampere]] in [[Tampella]].

[[Finnish Steam Locomotive Class Sk3]]s were built from 1903 by ''Tammerfors Linne & Jern Manufakt. A.B.'' They were numbered 173 to 177, 191 to 195, 214 to 221, 334 to 359, 373 to 406 and 427 to 436. These locomotives were nicknamed ''Grandmothers''.

===Indonesia===
[[file:C1218 Purwosari Surakarta.jpg|thumb|left|C1218, a preserved 2-6-0 steam locomotive for the Jaladara train.]]
The State Railway Company of the Dutch East Indies (''Staatsspoorwegen'', SS) in [[Indonesia]] operated 83 units of {{nowrap|2-6-0}} [[tank locomotive]]s of the C12 series, built by [[Sächsische Maschinenfabrik]] of [[Chemnitz]], [[Germany]] in 1896. They were wood-burning locomotives which consumed two cubic metres of wood and {{convert|3500|L|abbr=off}} of water for 4½ hours of steam production.

Of these locomotives, 43 survived the invasion by [[Japan]] during the Second World War and were still being operated following independence from the [[Netherlands]]. They were based in [[Cepu, Blora|Cepu]] in Indonesia and were used on the [[Cepu Forest Railway|Cepu]]-[[Blora]]-[[Purwodadi Grobogan|Purwodadi]]-[[Semarang]]-[[Bojonegoro]]-Jatirogo route, now closed.

By the early 1980s, the survivors of the class were in poor condition. One example, C1218 no. 457, was revived in 2002 after twenty-five years, in  [[Ambarawa]] motive power depot. By mid-2006 it was operational, and since 2009 it was moved to Surakarta, Central Java to haul a chartered steam train across the main street of the heart of Surakarta, named ''Jaladara''.

===Ireland===
[[file:CIE no. 360 (32520107288).jpg|thumb|right|GS&WR Class 355 under [[CIÉ]] operation. The white roundel indicates that it burns oil.]]
Several {{nowrap|2-6-0}} locomotive classes found usage on Ireland's railways, mainly with freight trains. The first of these would be the [[Great Southern and Western Railway]] [[GS&WR Class 355|Class 355]], which were originally built by the [[North British Locomotive Company]] as an [[0-6-0]] type in 1903, but later rebuilt into 2-6-0s after problems occurred; they were soon supplemented with the similar [[GS&WR Class 368|Class 368]]. Some of these locomotives were converted to [[Oil burner (engine)|oil firing]] and one even for peat-burning.<ref>Locomotives of the GSR, Jeremy Clements, 2008, {{ISBN|978-1-906578-26-8}}</ref>

Later classes of 2-6-0 include the [[Dublin and South Eastern Railway]] [[DSER 15 and 16|nos. 15 and 16]] (with no. 15 being preserved), and the [[Great Southern Railways]] [[GSR Classes 372 and 393|Classes 372 and 393]], the latter of which were based on the British [[SECR N class|SECR N Class]].

===Italy===
The [[Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane]] came to operate more than 500 {{nowrap|2-6-0}} locomotives of the [[FS Class 625|Class 625]] for mixed traffic and the [[FS Class 640 II|Class 640]] for light passenger trains. These locomotives, nicknamed ''Little Ladies'' (''Signorine''), were very successful and several were preserved after the end of regular steam services, with some still operational for heritage trains.

===New Zealand===
The Class J of the [[New Zealand Railways Department]] (NZR) was its pioneering tender freight locomotive, introduced in 1877 for use in the re-gauged Canterbury region of the South Island. Built by the [[Avonside Engine Company]] and other locomotive works in England, they were shipped to New Zealand in kit form. They eventually served all over New Zealand's fledgling rail network on both islands. In time, they were replaced on mainline running as larger power arrived. Many survived into the 1920s as yard shunters and some were converted to tank locomotives.<ref>The NZR Steam Locomotive, Sean Miller, 2011, {{ISBN|978-0-908573-89-9}}</ref>

===South Africa===
====Cape gauge====
In 1876 and 1877, the Cape Government Railways (CGR) placed eighteen Mogul locomotives in freight service on the Cape Western system, built by [[Beyer, Peacock & Company]] and the [[Avonside Engine Company]]. They were designated [[CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 BP|1st Class]] when a classification system was adopted. By 1912, three of them survived to be considered obsolete by the [[South African Railways]] (SAR), designated Class 01 and renumbered by having the numeral 0 prefixed to their existing numbers. All were withdrawn from service by 1916.<ref name="Holland 1">{{Holland-Vol 1|pages=28–30, 40–41, 84–85, 96–97, 106, 121}}</ref><ref name="Dulez 150">{{Dulez 150|page=36}}</ref><ref name="Paxton-Bourne">{{Paxton-Bourne|pages=15–16, 20–21, 24–25}}</ref><ref name="Littley 2">''C.G.R. Numbering Revised'', Article by Dave Littley, SA Rail May–June 1993, pp. 94–95.</ref>

[[File:Ex CGR 1st Class Kitson, SAR no. 0416 on Playing Card.jpg|thumb|[[CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST|1876 ex back-to-back]], T rebuilt to ST]]
Also in 1876, the CGR placed a pair of [[CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST|Stephenson's Patent back-to-back]] Mogul type side-tank locomotives in service on the Cape Midland system, built by [[Kitson & Company]]. They were later separated and rebuilt to saddle-tank locomotives for use as shunting engines. When a classification system was introduced, they were designated 1st Class.<ref name="Littley 2"/><ref name="Holland 2">{{Holland-Vol 2|pages=118–121, 124}}</ref>

In 1876 and 1877, the CGR placed eight [[CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson|Mogul tender locomotives]] in service on the Cape Midland system, also built by Kitson & Company. They were all eventually rebuilt to saddle-tank locomotives for use as shunting engines. When a classification system was adopted, they were also designated [[CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST 1876|1st Class]].<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="Littley 2"/><ref name="Holland 2"/>

[[File:NGR 2-6-0T no. 20 Pietermaritzburg.jpg|thumb|left|[[NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg|The engine ''Pietermaritzburg'']], c. 1878]]
In 1877, Whythes & Jackson Limited, contracted by the Natal government for the construction of the line from [[Durban]] to [[Pietermaritzburg]], took delivery of two 2-6-0 tank locomotives from Kitson & Company for use during construction. The locomotives were not numbered, but were appropriately named [[NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg|''Durban'' and ''Pietermaritzburg'']] after the two towns which were to be connected by the new railway. Upon completion of the construction contract at the end of 1880, the locomotives were taken over by the [[Natal Government Railways]] (NGR) and in 1893 they were sold to the Selati Railway.<ref name="Holland 1"/>

[[File:NGR BP loco no. 4 a.jpg|thumb|right|[[NGR Class K 2-6-0T|NGR no. 4 after modification]], c. 1884]]
In 1877 and 1878, seven Mogul tank locomotives were also delivered to the NGR by BP, built to the same design as the two contractor's locomotives. Later classified as [[NGR Class K 2-6-0T|NGR Class K]], they were the first locomotives to be ordered for use on the then newly laid Cape gauge Natal mainline into the interior. One was sold to the East Rand Proprietary Mines and two came into SAR stock in 1912, but remained unclassified as "NGR 2-6-0T Beyer Peacock Sidetank". Although they were considered obsolete, they remained in service as late as 1931.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="SAR Renumber">''Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists'', issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 11–13, 16, 18, 47 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)</ref>

[[File:CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 BP.jpg|thumb|left|[[CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879|CGR 1st Class of 1879]]]]
In 1879 and 1880, the CGR placed ten Moguls, built by Beyer, Peacock and Company, in freight service on the Cape Western system. While similar to the locomotives of 1876, their cylinders were mounted at a downward inclination towards the driving wheelset. They were also designated [[CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879|1st Class]] when a classification system was adopted on the CGR.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="Littley 2"/>

In 1879, the NGR placed seven {{nowrap|2-6-0T}} locomotives in service. They were subsequently modified to a {{nowrap|4-6-0T}} wheel arrangement and were designated NGR Class G. In 1912, when fifteen of them were assimilated into the [[South African Railways]], they were renumbered and reclassified to [[South African Class C 4-6-0T|Class C]].<ref name="NGR Class G Numbering">[[:Talk:South African Class C 4-6-0T#NGR Class G numbering|NGR Class G numbering]]</ref>

In 1891, the CGR placed two Baldwin-built 2-6-0 Mogul locomotives in freight service, the first American locomotives to enter service in South Africa. They were originally designated 5th Class, but the classification was later changed to [[CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891|1st Class]]. One of them still survived in 1912 and was also designated Class 01 by the SAR. It was withdrawn from service in 1920.<ref name="Holland 1"/><ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/>

[[File:CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T 1900.jpg|thumb|left|[[CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T]] J.S. Smit]]
In 1900, while the [[Second Boer War]] was still in progress, four 2-6-0T locomotives arrived in the Cape Colony, built by the [[Dickson Manufacturing Company]] in 1899. Since they bore cab side-plates inscribed "SS-ZAR" and were named ''J.S. Smit'', ''J.J. Spier'', ''L.S. Meyer'' and ''C. Birkenstock'', they were intended for the [[Netherlands-South African Railway Company]] (NZASM) in the ''[[Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek]]'' (ZAR). They were diverted to Indwe Collieries in the Cape Colony and when the CGR later took control of the colliery line, these locomotives were classified as part of the CGR [[CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T|3rd Class]]. All four survived to come into SAR stock in 1912, when they were classified as Class O3. They were withdrawn by 1915.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/>

Also in 1900, two Mogul saddle-tank locomotives entered shunting service at the Port Elizabeth Harbour, [[CGR 2-6-0ST 1900|followed by one more]] in 1903.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Holland 2"/>

In 1902, the Zululand Railway Company, contractors for the construction of the North Coast line from [[Verulam, KwaZulu-Natal|Verulam]] to the [[Tugela River]], acquired two 2-6-0 tender locomotives as construction engines. Upon completion of the line in 1903, the locomotives were taken onto the roster of the [[Natal Government Railways]] and designated [[NGR Class I 2-6-0|Class I]].<ref name="Holland 1"/>

Between 1902 and 1904, [[CGR 2-6-0ST 1902|eleven Mogul saddle tank]] locomotives, built by [[Hunslet Engine Company]], were delivered to the Table Bay Harbour Board. All were taken onto the Cape Government Railways roster in 1908 and came into SAR stock in 1912, but were considered obsolete and remained unclassified.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="Holland 2"/><ref name="SAR Renumber"/>

====Narrow gauge====
[[File:CGR No. NG 1–3.jpg|thumb|[[South African Class NG7 2-6-0|Class NG7, c. 1902]]]]
In 1902, the CGR placed three locomotives with a Mogul wheel arrangement in service on the [[Hopefield, Western Cape|Hopefield]] {{RailGauge|2ft}} [[narrow gauge#Two foot gauge railways|narrow gauge]] branch line that was being constructed from [[Kalbaskraal]]. They were built by Baldwin and were of a standard type that was being used on the [[Maine Narrow Gauge Railroad Museum|narrow gauge railroads of Maine]] in the US. A fourth locomotive, identical to the first three, was ordered from the same manufacturer in 1911. In 1912, when these locomotives were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered with an "NG" prefix to their running numbers. When a system of grouping narrow gauge locomotives into classes was eventually introduced somewhere between 1928 and 1930, they were to be classified as [[South African Class NG7 2-6-0|Class NG7]] but had already been withdrawn from service.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref name="SAR Renumber"/>

===Thailand===

[[File:PRESERVED STEAM LOCOMOTIVE USED ON THE DEATH RAILWAY AT THE RIVER KWAI BRIDGE KANCHANBURI THAILAND JAN 2013 (8515947200).jpg|thumb|[[Ministry of Railways (Japan)|JGR]] [[JNR Class C56|C56]] no. C56 23 preserved as SRT 719 plinthed near the [[Burma Railway#Bridge 277: Bridge on the River Khwae|River Kwai bridge]]]]
The Royal State Railway of Siam (RSR(S)), predecessor to the [[State Railway of Thailand]] (SRT), had four classes of 2-6-0 type locomotives in its motive power fleet:
* The first class of 2-6-0s in Thailand were built by [[Georg Krauß|Krauss and Co.]] in batches of 3, 1, and 4, in 1898, 1900, and 1902 respectively, for the standard gauge lines to the north of the country.<ref name="ramaer">{{cite book |last1=Ramaer |first1=Roel |title=The Railways of Thailand |date=2009 |orig-date=1994 |publisher=White Lotus |location=Bangkok, Thailand |isbn=978-974-480-151-7 |pages=15-17 |edition=2 |url=https://www.whitelotusbooks.com/books/railways-of-thailand |access-date=13 January 2025}}</ref> Their front bogie was a [[Krauss-Helmholtz bogie]] and these were the first steam locomotives in Thailand to be fitted with [[Walschaerts valve gear]].{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|pp= 16-17}} However, these engines were fired on wood, and so, their steaming qualities were hampered since they were designed as coal burners rather than wood burners.{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|p= 17}}<ref name="locmag">{{cite magazine |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=15 March 1928 |title=The Siamese State Railways and its Locomotives |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/124446949@N06/51554608681 |magazine=The [[Locomotive, Railway Carriage & Wagon Review]] |location=[[London]] |publisher=[[Locomotive Publishing Company]] |access-date=13 January 2025}} Retrieved via Flickr.</ref>
* The second class of 2-6-0s in Thailand were also built by Krauss in batches of 2 and 1 in 1901 and 1912 respectively, for the metre gauge lines to the south of the country.{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|pp= 22-23}} These resembled the standard gauge 2-6-0s Krauss supplied earlier to the standard gauge network of Thailand, also being fitted with the Krauss-Helmholtz bogie.{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|p= 22-23}} Another two were also built by Krauss but the [[World War I|Great War]] blocked the delivery of these locomotives, later finding work with the [[Imperial German Army]] and postwar, on a private railway.{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|p= 23}} Later, these locomotives would be given a class designation, as their class C.{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|p= 30}}
* The third class of 2-6-0s in Thailand were built by [[Hanomag]] (Hanover Locomotive Works) in batches of 1, 3, 7, and 2 in 1906, 1907, 1908, and 1910, respectively.{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|p= 18}} The first of these locomotives was commissioned by the RSR as a response to the steaming issues that hampered the standard gauge Krauss 2-6-0s, resulting in a design based on the [[Prussian G 5.1|Prussian G 5 class]] locomotives,{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|p= 18}}<ref name="locmag"/> and were fitted with [[Stephenson valve gear#Allan straight link valve gear|Allan straight link valve gear]] and an [[Adams axle|Adams radial axle]] for the front bogie.<ref name="locmag"/>
* The fourth class of 2-6-0s in Thailand were 46 of the [[JNR Class C56|Japanese C56 class]] locomotives, brought over to run the Burma Railway.{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|p= 78}} Initially, 90 of these locomotives were brought over for these purposes, but their numbers had been reduced to 46 by the war's end.{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|p= 79}}

The standard gauge Krauss locomotives would receive no gauge conversion with the standardisation of the Thai railways to metre gauge in 1930, and were all scrapped by late March in the same year.{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|p= 34}}

The metre gauge Krauss locomotives had 4 remaining members left around 1938.<ref name="krauss">RSR annual report, 1938</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=January 2025}}

The standard gauge Hanomag locomotives, on the other hand, received gauge conversions upon metre gauge standardisation from 1924-28 when [[Makkasan railway station|Makkasan works]] received the necessary equipment to conduct rolling stock gauge conversion. These locomotives would run until the 1950s.{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|pp= 31-32}}

The C56s brought to Thailand would later be inherited by the State Railway of Thailand, and several of these would be preserved.<ref name="thaipreserved">{{cite web |title=Preserved/Extant Steam Locos and Steam Cranes in Thailand |url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/thaipreserved.htm |website=International Steam Pages |access-date=18 January 2025}}</ref> Two Thai C56 locomotives have been repatriated to Japan: they are nos. [[C56 31]]—still with its Thai ABC{{efn|name=coupler}} coupler intact, and C56 44, respectively nos. 725 and 735 of the Thai railways.{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|p= 131}}

[[File:トンブリ鉄道工場で動態保存されている713(C56 15).jpg|thumb|C56 15 preserved as SRT 713 at [[Thon Buri railway station|Thonburi engine shed]]; behind it is C56 17 preserved as SRT 715, February 2018]]
[[File:SRT C56 17 715 at Bangkok Railway Station.jpg|thumb|C56 17 preserved as SRT 715 displayed at [[Hua Lamphong railway station]], March 2023]]
Nos. 713 and 715 have been retained in working order for the annual ''son et lumière'' show at the [[Burma Railway#Bridge 277: Bridge on the River Khwae|River Kwai bridge]].{{sfn|Ramaer|2009|p= 131}}

===United Kingdom===
In the United Kingdom, where locomotives are generally smaller than in the US, the {{nowrap|2-6-0}} was found to be a good wheel arrangement for [[mixed-traffic locomotive]]s.

Circa 1870, one 2-6-0T engine was built for the [[Garstang and Knot-End Railway]].<ref>{{cite book
  |first=Bertram  |last=Baxter
  |title=British locomotive catalogue 1825–1923
  |publisher=Moorland
  |year=1977
  |page=30
}}</ref> The first unsuccessful [[GER Class 527|examples]] were fifteen locomotives built to a design of [[William Adams (locomotive engineer)|William Adams]] for the [[Great Eastern Railway]] in 1878–79.<ref name=Casserley >{{cite book
  |first=H.C.  |last=Casserley
  |title=The historic locomotive pocketbook
  |publisher=Batsford
  |year=1960
  |pages=164–165
}}</ref>

[[File:Mogul locomotive 2516 (Howden, Boys' Book of Locomotives, 1907).jpg|thumb|left|[[Schenectady Locomotive Works|Schenectady]]-built [[Midland Railway|MR]] no. 2516]]
[[File:MidlandRailwayBaldwin2510.jpg|thumb|right|Midland Railway Baldwin no. [[Midland Railway 2501 Class|2510]]]]
The [[Midland and South Western Junction Railway]] acquired two examples built to an Australian design by [[Beyer, Peacock and Company]] in 1895 and 1897.

A long strike by workers throughout the British engineering industry in 1898/1899 led to a backlog of locomotive orders. This led leading British companies to place orders with American builders for standard light general-purpose locomotives adapted to British requirements. In 1899, the [[Midland Railway]] (MR), the [[Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)|Great Northern Railway]] (GNR) and the [[Great Central Railway]] (GCR) all purchased examples from the [[Baldwin Locomotive Works]] in the US.<ref name=Casserley/> The MR also bought ten from [[Schenectady Locomotive Works]] at the same time.<ref name=Hunt >{{cite book 
  |last=Hunt  |first=David
  |title=Supplement No. 1 – American Locomotives of the Midland Railway
  |series=Midland Record
  |year=1997 
  |publisher=Wild Swan  |location=Didcot
  |pages=15, 17
  |isbn=1-874103-41-0
}}</ref> In the United States, the 2-6-0 was already the common design for this sort of engine, and these imports were to be very influential in introducing the wheel arrangement to the United Kingdom.

[[File:LBSCR K class.jpg|thumb|LB&SCR K class of 1913]]
At the time of the [[Railways Act 1921|Grouping in 1923]], 2-6-0 locomotives were already operated by the [[Great Western Railway]] ([[GWR 2600 Class|2600]] and [[GWR 4300 Class|4300]] classes of 1900 and 1911 respectively), the [[Caledonian Railway]] (34 class, 1912), the [[London, Brighton and South Coast Railway]] ([[LB&SCR K class|K class]], 1913), the [[Glasgow and South Western Railway]] ([[G&SWR 403 Class|403 class]], 1915), the GNR ([[GNR Class H3|H2, H3]] and [[GNR Class H4|H4 classes]], 1920), and the [[South Eastern and Chatham Railway]] ([[SECR N class|N class]], 1922).

Several of these designs continued to be built by the [[Big Four (British railway companies)|Big Four]] after 1923, and several new and successful designs were introduced so that the 2-6-0 became the principal type for medium-loaded mixed-traffic duties. Notable new designs included the [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]]’s [[LMS Hughes Crab|Hughes Crab]] (1926), the [[Southern Railway (UK)|Southern Railway]]'s [[SR U class|U class]] (1928), the [[LMS Stanier Mogul|Stanier Mogul]] (1934), the [[LMS Ivatt Class 2 2-6-0|Ivatt Class 2]] (1946), the [[LMS Ivatt Class 4|Ivatt Class 4]] (1947), the [[London and North Eastern Railway]]’s [[LNER Class K4|Class K4]] (1937) and the [[LNER Thompson/Peppercorn Class K1|Thompson/Peppercorn K1 class]] which were built in 1949–50 after the nationalisation of [[British Railways]].

British Railways continued to build the Ivatt and Thompson/Peppercorn designs and then introduced three standard designs, based on the Ivatt classes. These were the [[BR Standard Class 2 2-6-0|Standard Class 2]] in 1952, the [[BR Standard Class 4 2-6-0|Standard Class 4]] in 1952 and the [[BR Standard Class 3 2-6-0|Standard Class 3]] in 1954. 2-6-0 locomotives continued to be built until 1957 and the last ones were withdrawn from service in 1968.<ref>{{cite book
  |last=Lowe  |first=J.W.
  |year=1989
  |title=British Steam Locomotive Builders
  |publisher=Guild Publishing 
}}</ref>

===United States===
The first true {{nowrap|2-6-0s}} with single-axle swivelling leading trucks were built in the United States in 1860 for the [[Louisville and Nashville Railroad]]. The [[New Jersey Locomotive and Machine Company]] built their first 2-6-0 in 1861, as the ''Passaic'' for the [[Central Railroad of New Jersey]]. The [[Erie Railroad]] followed in 1862 with the first large order of this locomotive type. In 1863, [[Rogers Locomotive & Machine Works]] built more for the [[New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company]].

The [[Baltimore & Ohio]] (B&O) no. 600, a {{nowrap|2-6-0}} Mogul built at the B&O's [[Mount Clare Shops]] in 1875, won first prize the following year at the [[1876 Centennial Exposition]] in [[Philadelphia]].<ref>"Save America's Treasures" (B&O Railroad Museum), December 2009.</ref> It is preserved at the [[B&O Railroad Museum]], housed in the former Mount Clare shops in [[Baltimore]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Kinert, Reed|year=1962|title=Early American steam locomotives; 1st seven decades: 1830–1900|url=https://archive.org/details/earlyamericanste00kine|url-access=registration|publisher=Superior Publishing Company, Seattle, WA}}</ref>

Well over 11,000 Moguls were constructed in the United States by the time production had ended in 1910.<ref name=AmericanRails>[http://www.american-rails.com/moguls.html American-Rails.com – Moguls, The 2-6-0] (Accessed on 12 November 2016)</ref> Very few of these classic steam locomotives still exist, most of them having been scrapped as newer, faster and more powerful steam engines were developed in the twentieth century. The [[USRA standard|USRA standard designs]] of 1918 did not include a {{nowrap|2-6-0}}.

[[File:WMR 1744 alongside Deer Creek Reservoir August 1982RPx - Flickr - drewj1946.jpg|thumb|[[Southern Pacific]] 2-6-0 [[Southern Pacific 1744|No. 1744]], 1982.]]
[[File:Lilly Belle on track.jpg|thumb|WDWRR No. 2 ''Lilly Belle'', built in 1928.]]
Five notable 2-6-0 locomotives are still in operation in the United States.
* [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]] [[Southern Pacific 1744|No. 1744]] has spent more time out of service than it did under its own power in the preservation era. It is now being planned to operate on the [[Niles Canyon Railway]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Southern Pacific #1744|url=https://www.ncry.org/about/collection/steam/sp1744/|access-date=2020-12-29|website=Niles Canyon Railway|language=en-US}}</ref> in [[Sunol, California]].
* Ex New Berlin & Winfield Railroad No. 2, built by the [[Baldwin Locomotive Works]] in 1906, was rebuilt and is maintained by the [[Midwest Central Railroad]].<ref>[http://www.mcrr.org/PAGES/history.html Midwest Central Railroad – History of MCRR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723190040/http://www.mcrr.org/PAGES/history.html |date=2008-07-23 }} (Accessed on 20 September 2016)</ref>
* [[Walt Disney World Railroad]] (WDWRR) No. 2 ''Lilly Belle'', built in September 1928 by the [[Baldwin Locomotive Works]] as No. 76 (later No. 260) for the [[Ferrocarriles Unidos de Yucatán|United Railways of Yucatán]] in Mexico, operates on the railroad circling the [[Magic Kingdom]] in [[Orlando, Florida]] since 1 October 1971.<ref name="Broggie">{{Citation |last=Broggie |first=Michael|year=2014|title=Walt Disney's Railroad Story: The Small-Scale Fascination That Led to a Full-Scale Kingdom|edition=4th|publisher=[[Donning Company]]|isbn=978-1-57864-914-3|pages=320–323, 393–394}}</ref> Due to mechanical problems, this locomotive was shipped to the Strasburg Rail Road for an extensive overhaul in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Surviving Steam Locomotives in Florida|url=http://www.steamlocomotive.com/lists/searchdb.php?country=USA&state=FL|publisher=Steamlocomotive.com|access-date=June 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628081650/http://www.steamlocomotive.com/lists/searchdb.php?country=USA&state=FL|archive-date=June 28, 2016}}</ref><ref name="BlogMickey">{{Cite web|title=Lilly Belle Steam Train returns to the Magic Kingdom |url=https://blogmickey.com/2016/07/lilly-belle-steam-train-returns-magic-kingdom/ |publisher=Blog Mickey |date=July 31, 2016 |access-date=June 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527114337/https://blogmickey.com/2016/07/lilly-belle-steam-train-returns-magic-kingdom/ |archive-date=May 27, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In late July 2016, it returned to the Magic Kingdom and resumed service on November 23, 2016.<ref name="BlogMickey"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lilly Belle Train Returns to the Walt Disney World Railroad|url=http://www.wdwthemeparks.com/news/2016/11/24/lilly-belle-train-returns-to-the-walt-disney-world-railroad|publisher=WDWThemeParks.com|date=November 24, 2016|access-date=June 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410203153/http://www.wdwthemeparks.com/news/2016/11/24/lilly-belle-train-returns-to-the-walt-disney-world-railroad|archive-date=April 10, 2017}}</ref>
* [[Canadian National 89]] operates in excursion service on the [[Strasburg Rail Road]].
* [[Everett Railroad 11]] operates tourist trains on the [[Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania]]-based shortline.

Preserved non-operating examples include:
* The [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]] No. 1785, located in [[Woodburn, Oregon]].
* The [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]] No. 1774, located in [[Globe, Arizona]]. Retired early/mid 1950s.
* The [[Virginia & Truckee Railroad]] No. 13, ''Empire'' at the [[California State Railroad Museum]] in [[Sacramento]], [[California]].
* The [[Duluth & Iron Range Railroad]] No. 3 in [[Two Harbors, Minnesota]].
* The [[Boston & Maine Railroad]] No. 1455 at the [[Danbury Railway Museum]] in [[Danbury, Connecticut]]. This was the last steam locomotive to regularly operate on the [[Boston & Maine Railroad]] in 1956.
* The [[Magma Arizona Railroad]] No. 6  at the [[McCormick-Stillman Railroad Park]] in [[Scottsdale, Arizona]] was built in October 1907 and operated until 1960.
* The [[Colorado & Southern Railway]] No. 9 at the High Line Railroad Park in [[Breckenridge, Colorado]] was built in 1884 and was retired from the Georgetown Loop Railroad in 2007.

{{Clear}}

==Notes==
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=coupler|Automatic Buffer Coupler; these kinds of couplers were commonplace on Thai rolling stock until the mid-century.}}
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category}}

{{Whyte types}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2-6-0 locomotives| ]]
[[Category:1′C steam locomotives| ]]