View source for 2-2-0

{{Short description|Locomotive wheel arrangement}}
{{Infobox steam wheel arrangement
| name             = 2-2-0 (Planet)
| image            = Planet replica.jpg
| alt              = 
| caption          = Replica of the ''Planet'' at the Manchester Science Museum
| image2           = 
| caption2         = 
<!--Equivalent classifications-->
| hatnote          = 
| UIC/Germany/Italy= 1A
| French/Spanish   = 110
| Turkish          = 12
| Swiss            = 1/2
| Russian          = 1-1-0
<!--First tank engine version-->
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| locomotive       = 
| railway          = 
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| evolvedfrom      = 
| evolvedto        = 
| mainbenefit      = 
| maindrawback     = 
<!--First tender engine version-->
| date2            = 1830
| country2         = United Kingdom
| locomotive2      = ''[[Planet (locomotive)|Planet]]''
| railway2         = [[Liverpool and Manchester Railway]]
| designer2        = [[Robert Stephenson]]
| builder2         = 
| evolvedfrom2     =
| evolvedto2       = 
| mainbenefit2     = 
| maindrawback2    = Worse adhesion without coupled wheels
<!--First "True type" version-->
| date3            = 
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}}
[[File:Макет пароходного дилижанса Черепановых.jpg|thumb|250px|Model (2002) of the steam locomotive constructed in Russia by the [[Cherepanovs]] (1834)]]
[[File:L&MR Planet class, 1830 (Boys' Book of Locomotives, 1907).jpg|right|thumb|250px|Bury 2-2-0 for the London and Birmingham Railway]]

Under the [[Whyte notation]] for the classification of [[steam locomotive]]s, '''2-2-0''' represents the [[wheel arrangement]] of two [[leading wheel]]s on one axle, two powered [[driving wheel]]s on one axle, and no [[trailing wheel]]s. This configuration, which became very popular during the 1830s, was commonly called the '''Planet''' type after the first locomotive, [[Robert Stephenson]]'s ''[[Planet (locomotive)|Planet]]'' of 1830.

==Equivalent classifications==
Other equivalent classifications are:
*[[UIC classification]]: '''1A''' (also known as German classification and [[Italian classification]])
*[[French classification]]: '''110'''
*[[Turkish classification]]: '''12'''
*[[Swiss classification]]: '''1/2'''

==History==

===Great Britain===
After early experience with the [[0-2-2]] configuration on the [[Liverpool and Manchester Railway]], [[Robert Stephenson]] decided to build a locomotive with cylinders inside the [[Locomotive frame|frames]], for which a 2-2-0 was preferable.<ref>The Victorian Web http://www.victorianweb.org/technology/railways/l4.html .</ref>
The first such locomotive was ''Planet'', built in 1830 and the company went on to build a further eighteen examples for the railway. In 1835 five examples were supplied to the [[London and Greenwich Railway]].<ref>Bertram Baxter, British Locomotive Catalogue 1825-1923, Moorland Publishing, 1977, p.67.</ref> After 1836 [[Edward Bury]] built sixty-nine [[Bury Bar Frame locomotive|bar frame]] 2-2-0 locomotives for the [[London and Birmingham Railway]].<ref>Bertram Baxter, British Locomotive Catalogue 1825-1923, Moorland Publishing, 1977, p.7.</ref>  The steam roller and traction engine company [[Aveling and Porter]] built a number of 2-2-0 locomotives, some of which were convertible traction engines.<ref>{{citation | last = Yeatman | first = D. | title = Lodge Hill & Upnor Railway | work = The Industrial Railway Record | publisher = Industrial Railway Society |date=December 1966 | issue = 12 | volume = 1 | url = http://www.irsociety.co.uk/Archives/12/lodge_hill.htm | access-date = 21 August 2012 | pages = 277–292 }}</ref>

===North America===
[[Tom Thumb (locomotive)|Tom Thumb]], the first American-built steam locomotive used on a common-carrier railroad, built by Peter Cooper in 1830 was a gear-driven 2-2-0, but the type was not perpetuated.

===Ireland===
The [[Dublin and Kingstown Railway]] used 2-2-0 in 1834 including ''[[Hibernia (locomotive)|Hibernia]]'' designed by [[Richard Roberts (engineer)|Richard Roberts]] and built by [[Sharp, Roberts and Company]], and ''Vauxhall'' built [[George Forrester and Company]].<ref>Science Museum, The British Railway Locomotive 1803-1853, H.M.S.O., 1958. pp.12-13.</ref>

===Russia===
[[Cherepanov steam locomotive|The first Russian-built steam locomotive]] was a 2-2-0 built by the [[Cherepanovs]] (father and son) in 1833-1834.<ref>Le Fleming, H.M. and Price, J.H. ''Russian Steam Locomotives'', p 23, John Marshbank Ltd, London, 1960</ref>

==Decline of the 2-2-0==
By 1840 the 2-2-0 tender type had largely been superseded by the [[2-2-2]] configuration. However, there are a few examples of later [[tank engines]], thus [[William Bridges Adams]] of the [[Fairfield Locomotive Works]] ({{coord|51.5312|-0.0219|format=dms|display=inline}}) in [[Bow, London|Bow]] supplied a 2-2-0 [[tank locomotive|well tank]] to the [[Società per le Strade Ferrate Romane|Roman Railway]] in 1850.<ref>Hamilton Ellis, ''The pictorial history of railways,'' Hamlyn, 1968, p.58.</ref> Also [[Dugald Drummond]] of the [[London and South Western Railway]] introduced his [[LSWR C14 class|C14 class]] 2-2-0T in 1906, for [[Push–pull train|Auto trains]], but this design was not successful and several of the locomotives were rebuilt to [[0-4-0]].

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Whyte types}}

[[Category:2-2-0 locomotives]]
[[Category:1830 in rail transport]]
[[Category:Whyte notation|2,2-2-0]]