View source for 1990 German federal election

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Germany
| type = parliamentary
| previous_year = {{nowrap|[[1987 West German federal election|West 1987]]<br>← [[1990 East German general election|East 1990]]}}
| election_date = {{Start date|df=yes|1990|12|02}}
| next_election = 1994 German federal election
| next_year = 1994
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 11th Bundestag
| elected_members = List of members of the 12th Bundestag
| seats_for_election = All 662 seats in the [[Bundestag]]
| majority_seats = 332
| registered = 60,436,560 ({{increase}} 33.3%)
| turnout = 77.8% ({{decrease}} 6.5 [[Percentage point|pp]])
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image =Helmut Kohl 1989.jpg|bSize = 127|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 4}}
| candidate1 = [[Helmut Kohl]]
| party1 = CDU/CSU
| last_election1 = 44.3%, 223 seats
| seats_before1 = 297{{efn|Does not include 8 [[German Social Union (East Germany)|German Social Union]] guests.}}
| seats1 = '''319'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 14
| popular_vote1 = '''20,358,096'''
| percentage1 = '''43.8%'''
| swing1 = {{decrease}} 0.5 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image =Oskar Lafontaine (1990).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| candidate2 = [[Oskar Lafontaine]]
| party2 = Social Democratic Party of Germany
| last_election2 = 37.0%, 186 seats
| seats_before2 = 226
| seats2 = 239
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 13
| popular_vote2 = 15,545,366
| percentage2 = 33.5%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 3.5 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image =Otto Graf Lambsdorff (1990).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| candidate3 = [[Otto Graf Lambsdorff]]
| party3 = Free Democratic Party (Germany)
| last_election3 = 9.1%, 46 seats
| seats_before3 = 57
| seats3 = 79
| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 22
| popular_vote3 = 5,123,233
| percentage3 = 11.0%
| swing3 = {{increase}} 1.9 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image =Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1990-1202-011, Berlin, Bundestagswahl, Gregor Gysi (cropped).jpg|bSize = 120|cWidth = 120|cHeight = 160|oTop = 0|oLeft = 0}}
| candidate4 = [[Gregor Gysi]]
| party4 = Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)
| last_election4 = ''Did not exist''
| seats_before4 = 24
| seats4 = 17
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 7
| popular_vote4 = 1,129,578
| percentage4 = 2.4%{{efn|In the 1990 election, the 5% [[electoral threshold]] was applied separately in the Western states and the [[New states of Germany|new Eastern states]]. The PDS won 11.1% of votes in the new states.}}
| swing4 = ''New party''
| image5 = <div style="width:115px;"><span style="line-height:150px; vertical-align:center; text-align:center; color:{{party color|Alliance 90}}; font-size:38px;"> '''B90''' </span></div>
| candidate5 = ''None''
| party5 = [[Alliance 90|Greens (East)]]{{efn|A linked list of the [[Alliance 90]] and the [[East German Green Party]], running only in the [[New states of Germany|new Eastern states]].}}
| last_election5 = ''Did not exist''
| seats_before5 = 7
| seats5 = 8
| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 1
| popular_vote5 = 559,207
| percentage5 = 1.2%{{efn|In the 1990 election, the 5% [[electoral threshold]] was applied separately in the Western states and the [[New states of Germany|new Eastern states]]. The Alliance 90–Eastern Greens grouping won 6.2% of votes in the new states.}}
| swing5 = ''New party''

<!-- Map -->
| map_image = 1990 German federal election.svg
| map_size = 400px
| map_caption = Results of the election. The main map shows constituency winners, and results for the proportional list seats are shown in the bottom left.

| title = [[Cabinet of Germany|Government]]
| before_election = [[Third Kohl cabinet]]
| before_party = [[CDU/CSU#Predecessors|CDU/CSU/DSU]]–[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
| posttitle = Government after election
| after_election = [[Fourth Kohl cabinet]]
| after_party = [[Black-yellow coalition|CDU/CSU-FDP]]
}}

A [[Federal elections in Germany|federal election]] was held in recently united [[Germany]] on 2 December 1990 to elect the members of the 12th [[Bundestag]], within the regular time of nearly four years after the [[1987 West German federal election|January 1987 West German federal election]]. Due to the [[German reunification|accession]] of the former [[New states of Germany|East German states]] on 3 October, after which the [[Bundestag]] was expanded with East German [[Volkskammer]] delegates, the elections were the first democratic all-German elections since the early 1930s.

The result was a comprehensive victory for Chancellor [[Helmut Kohl]] and his governing coalition of the [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]]/[[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|Christian Social Union]] and the [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] (FDP), which was reelected to a third term (and a fourth in 1994). The ''second vote'' (preferred national party, ''first vote'' is for a local candidate) result of the [[CDU/CSU]], 20,358,096 votes, remains the highest ever total vote count in a democratic German election.

The elections marked the first since [[1957 West German federal election|1957]] that a party other than CDU/CSU and the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]] (SPD) won a constituency seat ([[Direktmandat]]), breaking up the dominance of the two ''Volksparteien''. The first (and only) time since 1957 that FDP won a constituency seat was by Uwe Lühr in [[Halle (electoral district)|Halle]], home of [[Hans-Dietrich Genscher]], the "architect of German reunification". In addition, [[Gregor Gysi]] (PDS) won [[Berlin-Marzahn – Hellersdorf]].

==Campaign==

This was the first election conducted after [[German reunification]] which took place on 3 October. Previously, the {{Lang|de|[[Volkskammer]]|italic=no}} had selected 144 of its members which were then [[Co-option|co-opted]] as [[Member of the German Bundestag|Members of the German Bundestag]] and served until the end of the 11th Bundestag.

Almost 150 seats had been added to represent the re-established [[new states of Germany|eastern states]] of Germany, without reducing the number of western members. The euphoria following the reunification gave the ruling CDU/CSU–FDP coalition a dramatic advantage in both Western and Eastern Germany throughout the campaign.

For this election only, the country was divided into two areas for the purposes of the five-percent threshold: the former West German states and [[West Berlin]], and the former East German states and [[East Berlin]]. Second votes were counted separately in each area, and passing the threshold in either area was sufficient to enter the Bundestag and receive list seats. As a result, while the Western Greens (4.8% of western second votes) did not gain representation, their ideologically-similar Eastern [[Alliance 90]] (6.2% of eastern second votes) did, with both merging to form [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] in 1993. The [[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|Party of Democratic Socialism]] also entered the Bundestag with 11.1% of eastern second votes, despite receiving just 0.3% of the western second vote (and only 2.4% nationwide). However, the distribution of seats to state lists was not divided in this manner and still calculated on the national level, which resulted in the PDS receiving a list seat ([[Ulla Jelpke]]) in the most populous state of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]].

{{Infobox legislative election|country=Germany|previous_election=[[1987 West German federal election|1987]]|next_election=[[1990 German federal election|1990]]|election_date={{Start date|df=yes|1990|10|3}}|seats_for_election=All 641 seats in the [[Bundestag]]|majority_seats=321|election_name=Co-optation of Volkskammer members into the Bundestag|nopercentage=yes|party1=Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|leader1=[[Helmut Kohl]]|seats1=248|last_election1=185|party2=Christian Social Union in Bavaria|leader2=[[Theodor Waigel]]|seats2=49|last_election2=49|party3=Social Democratic Party of Germany|leader3=[[Hans-Jochen Vogel]]|seats3=226|last_election3=186|party4=Free Democratic Party (Germany)|leader4=[[Otto Graf Lambsdorff]]|seats4=57|last_election4=46|party5=Alliance 90/The Greens|leader5=[[Petra Kelly]]|seats5=51|last_election5=42|party6=Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|leader6=[[Gregor Gysi]]|seats6=23|last_election6=New|party7=German Social Union (East Germany)|leader7=[[Hansjoachim Walther]]|seats7=8|last_election7=New|party8=[[United Left (East Germany)|United Left]]|leader8=Thomas Klein|colour8=#800080|seats8=1|last_election8=New|title=Government|before_election=[[Third Kohl cabinet]]|before_party= [[Black-yellow coalition|CDU/CSU-FDP]]|posttitle=Government after election|after_election=[[Third Kohl cabinet]]|after_party=[[CDU/CSU#Predecessors|CDU/CSU/DSU]]–[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]}}The [[German Social Union (East Germany)|German Social Union]] (DSU) under leader [[Hansjoachim Walther]], a [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] party modeled after the [[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|Bavarian CSU]] running only in former [[East Germany]], failed to achieve the separate 5% threshold, only receiving around 1% of the vote in the eastern states, mostly in the southeast. As part of the co-option, the DSU had previously had eight [[Members of the German Bundestag|Members of the Bundestag]], who sat as guests in the CDU/CSU caucus. The CSU, which had heavily supported the DSU financially, severed its ties in 1993 and the party fell into irrelevancy. After a law allowing a linkage of the lists of the CSU and DSU was overturned by the Federal Constitutional Court, the CSU tried to convince the CDU to stand down in several [[single-member constituency|single-member constituencies]] to enable the DSU to enter the Bundestag separate from the 5% threshold, but Kohl adamantly refused.

==Results==
All change figures are relative to the pre-existing West German Bundestag.{{politics of Germany}}

{{Election results
|image=[[File:Bundestag 1990.svg]]
|firstround=Party-list|secondround=Constituency
|party1=[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]]|votes1=17055116|seats1=76|votes1_2=17707574|seats1_2=192|totseats1=268|sc1=+83
|party2=[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]]|votes2=15545366|seats2=148|votes2_2=16279980|seats2_2=91|totseats2=239|sc2=+46
|party3=[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]]|votes3=5123233|seats3=78|votes3_2=3595135|seats3_2=1|totseats3=79|sc3=+31
|party4=[[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|Christian Social Union]]|votes4=3302980|seats4=8|votes4_2=3423904|seats4_2=43|totseats4=51|sc4=+2
|party5=[[Alliance 90/The Greens|The Greens (West)]]|votes5=1788200|seats5=0|votes5_2=2037885|seats5_2=0|totseats5=0|sc5=−44
|party6=[[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|Party of Democratic Socialism]]|votes6=1129578|seats6=16|votes6_2=1049245|seats6_2=1|totseats6=17|sc6=New
|party7=[[The Republicans (Germany)|The Republicans]]|votes7=987269|seats7=0|votes7_2=767652|seats7_2=0|totseats7=0|sc7=New
|party8=[[Alliance 90|Alliance 90/Greens – Citizens' Movement (East)]]|votes8=559207|seats8=8|votes8_2=552027|seats8_2=0|totseats8=8|sc8=New
|party9=[[The Grays – Gray Panthers]]|votes9=385910|seats9=0|votes9_2=218412|seats9_2=0|totseats9=0|sc9=New
|party10=[[Ecological Democratic Party]]|votes10=205206|seats10=0|votes10_2=243469|seats10_2=0|totseats10=0|sc10=0
|party11=[[National Democratic Party of Germany|National Democratic Party]]|votes11=145776|seats11=0|votes11_2=190105|seats11_2=0|totseats11=0|sc11=0
|party12=[[German Social Union (East Germany)|German Social Union]]|votes12=89008|seats12=0|votes12_2=131747|seats12_2=0|totseats12=0|sc12=New
|party13=[[:de:Christliche Liga – Die Partei für das Leben|Christian League]]|votes13=39640|seats13=0|votes13_2=8667|seats13_2=0|totseats13=0|sc13=New|color13=#FF00FF
|party14=[[Christian Centre]]|votes14=36446|seats14=0|votes14_2=9824|seats14_2=0|totseats14=0|sc14=New
|party15=[[Bavaria Party]]|votes15=31315|seats15=0|votes15_2=10836|seats15_2=0|totseats15=0|sc15=0
|party16=[[:de:Frauenpartei|The Women]]|votes16=12077|seats16=0|votes16_2=1433|seats16_2=0|totseats16=0|sc16=0|color16=#FFA500
|party17=[[:de:Patrioten für Deutschland|Patriots for Germany]]|votes17=4687|seats17=0|votes17_2=746|seats17_2=0|totseats17=0|sc17=0|color17=#003366
|party18=Eco-Union|votes18=4661|seats18=0|votes18_2=1106|seats18_2=0|totseats18=0|sc18=0
|party19=Union of Working Groups for Employee Politics and Democracy|votes19=4530|seats19=0|votes19_2=704|seats19_2=0|totseats19=0|sc19=New
|party20=[[Communist Party of Germany (1990)|Communist Party of Germany]]|votes20=1630|seats20=0|totseats20=0|sc20=New
|party21=[[:de:Spartakist-Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands|Spartacist Workers' Party of Germany]]|votes21=1610|seats21=0|votes21_2=124|seats21_2=0|totseats21=0|sc21=New|color21=red
|party22=Federation of German Democrats|votes22=1009|seats22=0|votes22_2=474|seats22_2=0|totseats22=0|sc22=New
|party23=[[Socialist Equality Party (Germany)|Federation of Socialist Workers]]|votes23=826|seats23=0|votes23_2=214|seats23_2=0|totseats23=0|sc23=New
|party24=[[:de:Die Mündigen Bürger|Responsible Citizens]]|votes24=492|seats24=0|votes24_2=72|seats24_2=0|totseats24=0|sc24=0
|party25=[[:de:Europäische Föderalistische Partei (historisch)|European Federalist Party]]|votes25_2=266|seats25_2=0|totseats25=0|sc25=New|color25=#2D5CD0
|party26=[[Independent politician|Independents]] and voter groups|votes26_2=43324|seats26_2=0|totseats26=0|sc26=0
|invalid=540143|invalid2=720990
|total_sc=+143
|electorate=60436560|electorate2=60436560
|source=[https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/1990.html Bundeswahlleiter]
}}
[[File:1990 federal german result.svg|thumbnail|320px|Seat results – SPD in red, combined Greens in green, PDS in purple, FDP in yellow, CDU/CSU in black]]

[[File:Bundestagswahl 1990 Wahlkreisergebnisse.svg|thumbnail|200px|Winners by single-member constituency – SPD in red, PDS in purple, FDP in yellow, CDU/CSU in black]]

===Results by state===
Second vote (''[[Zweitstimme]]'', or votes for [[State list (Germany)|party list]])
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 14px;"
|- style="height: 40px;"
! rowspan="2"| [[States of Germany|State]]
! style="width: 40px;"| [[CDU/CSU]]
! style="width: 40px;"| [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
! style="width: 40px;"| [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
! style="width: 40px;"| [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Grüne]]
! style="width: 40px;"| [[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|PDS]]
! style="width: 40px;"| [[The Republicans (Germany)|REP]]
! class="unsortable" style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2"| Others
|-
! style="background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}};"|
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}};"|
! style="background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};"|
! style="background:{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}};"|
! style="background:{{party color|Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)}};"|
! style="background:{{party color|The Republicans (Germany)}};"|
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Baden-Württemberg}}
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''46.5'''
| 29.1
| 12.3
| 5.7
| 0.3
| 3.2
| 2.9
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Bavaria}}
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''51.9'''
| 26.7
| 8.7
| 4.6
| 0.2
| 5.0
| 2.9
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Berlin}}
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''39.4'''
| 30.6
| 9.1
| 7.2{{efn|3.9% West German Green Party, 3.3% [[East German Green Party]]/[[Alliance 90]].}}
| 9.7
| 2.5
| 0.7
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Brandenburg}}
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''36.3'''
| 32.9
| 9.7
| 6.6
| 11.0
| 1.7
| 1.8
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Bremen}}
| 30.9
| style="background: #FFCCCC;"| '''42.5'''
| 12.8
| 8.3
| 1.1
| 2.1
| 2.3
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Hamburg}}
| 36.6
| style="background: #FFCCCC;"| '''41.0'''
| 12.0
| 5.8
| 1.1
| 1.7
| 1.8
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Hesse}}
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''41.3'''
| 38.0
| 10.9
| 5.6
| 0.4
| 2.1
| 1.7
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Lower Saxony}}
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''44.3'''
| 38.4
| 10.3
| 4.5
| 0.3
| 1.0
| 1.2
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Mecklenburg-Vorpommern}}
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''41.2'''
| 26.5
| 9.1
| 5.9
| 14.2
| 1.4
| 1.7
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|North Rhine-Westphalia}}
| 40.5
| style="background: #FFCCCC;"| '''41.1'''
| 11.0
| 4.3
| 0.3
| 1.3
| 1.5
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Rhineland-Palatinate}}
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''45.6'''
| 36.1
| 10.4
| 4.0
| 0.2
| 1.7
| 2.0
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Saarland}}
| 38.1
| style="background: #FFCCCC;"| '''51.2'''
| 6.0
| 2.3
| 0.2
| 0.9
| 1.3
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Saxony}}
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''49.5'''
| 18.2
| 12.4
| 5.9
| 9.0
| 1.2
| 3.8
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Saxony-Anhalt}}
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''38.6'''
| 24.7
| 19.7
| 5.3
| 9.4
| 1.0
| 1.3
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Schleswig-Holstein}}
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''43.5'''
| 38.5
| 11.4
| 4.0
| 0.3
| 1.2
| 1.1
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | {{flag|Thuringia}}
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''45.2'''
| 21.9
| 14.6
| 6.1
| 8.3
| 1.2
| 2.7
|-
| colspan="8" bgcolor="#D3D3D3"|
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[Old states of Germany|Old states (West)]]
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''44.3'''
| 35.7
| 10.6
| 4.8
| 0.3
| 2.3
| 2.0
|-
| style="text-align: left;" | [[New states of Germany|New states (East)]]
| style="background: #D7D5D7;"| '''41.8'''
| 24.3
| 12.9
| 6.2
| 11.1
| 1.5
| 2.3
|}

==== Constituency seats ====
{{See also|Direktmandat}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 0.9em;"
! rowspan="3" |State
! rowspan="3" |Total<br>seats
! colspan="5" |Seats won
|-
! class="unsortable" style="width:30px;" |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:30px;" |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:30px;" |[[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:30px;" |[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:30px;" |[[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|PDS]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Christian Social Union in Bavaria}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)}};" |
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Baden-Württemberg]]
!37
|36
|1
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Bavaria]]
!45
|
|2
|43
|
|
|-
!style="text-align: left;" |[[Berlin]]
!13
|8
|4
|
|
|1
|-
!style="text-align: left;" |[[Brandenburg]]
!12
|7
|5
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Bremen]]
!3
|
|3
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Hamburg]]
!7
|1
|6
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Hesse]]
!22
|13
|9
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Lower Saxony]]
!31
|20
|11
|
|
|
|-
!style="text-align: left;" |[[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]
!9
|8
|1
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[North Rhine-Westphalia]]
!71
|33
|38
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Rhineland-Palatinate]]
!16
|12
|4
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Saarland]]
!5
|
|5
|
|
|
|-
!style="text-align: left;" |[[Saxony]]
!21
|21
|
|
|
|
|-
!style="text-align: left;" |[[Saxony-Anhalt]]
!13
|12
|
|
|1
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Schleswig-Holstein]]
!11
|9
|2
|
|
|
|-
!style="text-align: left;" |[[Thuringia]]
!12
|12
|
|
|
|
|- class="sortbottom"
! style="text-align: left;" |Total
!328
!192
!91
!43
!1
!1
|}

==== List seats ====
{{See also|Listenkandidat}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 0.9em;"
! rowspan="3" |State
! rowspan="3" |Total<br>seats
! colspan="6" |Seats won
|-
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|PDS]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]]
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Alliance 90|B90/Gr.]]
|-
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Christian Social Union in Bavaria}};" |
! style="background:{{party color|Alliance 90}};" |
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Baden-Württemberg]]
!36
|23
|10
|3
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Bavaria]]
!41
|24
|9
|
|
|8
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Berlin]]
!15
|5
|3
|4
|2
|
|1
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Brandenburg]]
!10
|2
|2
|1
|3
|
|2
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Bremen]]
!3
|
|1
|2
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Hamburg]]
!7
|
|2
|5
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Hesse]]
!26
|11
|6
|9
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Lower Saxony]]
!34
|16
|7
|11
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]
!7
|3
|1
|
|2
|
|1
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |[[North Rhine-Westphalia]]
!75
|27
|17
|30
|1
|
|
|- class="sortbottom"
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Rhineland-Palatinate]]
!18
|9
|4
|5
|
|
|
|-
!style="text-align: left;" |[[Saarland]]
!6
|1
|1
|4
|
|
|
|-
!style="text-align: left;" |[[Saxony]]
!19
|8
|5
|
|4
|
|2
|-
!style="text-align: left;" |[[Saxony-Anhalt]]
!13
|6
|4
|
|2
|
|1
|-
!style="text-align: left;" |[[Schleswig-Holstein]]
!13
|8
|3
|2
|
|
|
|-
!style="text-align: left;" |[[Thuringia]]
!11
|5
|3
|
|2
|
|1
|-
!style="text-align: left;" |Total
!334
!148
!78
!76
!16
!8
!8
|}

== Post-election ==
The governing CDU/CSU-FDP coalition was returned to office with a landslide majority, and [[Helmut Kohl]] remained [[Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic)|chancellor]]. The CDU did exceptionally well in the former East Germany, which had been the heartland of the SPD before the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi era]].

==Notes==
{{Commons category}}
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* [https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/1990.html The Federal Returning Officer]
* [http://psephos.adam-carr.net Psephos]

{{German federal elections}}

[[Category:Federal elections in Germany]]
[[Category:1990 elections in Germany|Federal]]
[[Category:Helmut Kohl]]
[[Category:December 1990 in Germany|Fwederal]]