View source for 1942 KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown

{{Short description|Airliner shot down during World War II over Western Australia}}
{{Use Australian English|date=November 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{more footnotes|date=March 2011}}
{{Infobox Aircraft accident
|name    = 1942 KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown
|image   = KNILM DC-3 PK-AFV wreckage.jpg
|image_size = 350px
|caption = Wreckage of ''Pelikaan''
|date    = 3 March 1942
|type    = Shootdown
|occurrence_type = <!--Incident-->Accident
|site    = [[Carnot Bay]], Western Australia
|coords  = {{Coord|17|07|00|S|122|15|20|E|display=title}}
|aircraft_type = [[Douglas DC-3-194]]
|aircraft_name = ''Pelikaan''
|operator      = [[KNILM]]
|tail_number   = PK-AFV
|origin        = [[Bandung]], [[Java]], [[Netherlands East Indies]]
|stopover      = 
|stopover0     = 
|stopover1     = 
|stopover2     = 
|stopover3     = 
|last_stopover = 
|destination   = [[Broome, Western Australia]]
|passengers    = 8
|crew          = 4
|injuries      = 
|fatalities    = 4
|survivors     = 8
}}
On 3 March 1942, PK-AFV, a Douglas DC-3-194 airliner operated by [[KNILM]], was shot down over Western Australia by [[Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service]] [[fighter aircraft]], resulting in the deaths of four passengers and the loss of [[diamond]]s worth an estimated [[Australian pound|A£]]{{nbsp}}150,000{{snd}}300,000, equivalent to {{AUD|{{Inflation|AU|{{#expr:150000/10^6}}|1942|r=1}}{{snd}}{{Inflation|AU|{{#expr:300000/10^6}}|1942|r=1}}{{nbsp}}million|link=yes}} in {{Inflation/year|AU}}. It is believed that the diamonds were stolen after the crash, although no one has ever been convicted of stealing them.<ref>{{Citation | author1=Feuer, A.B. | title=A fortune in diamonds vanished in the wilds of Australia as the Japanese threatened invasion | journal=World War II | publication-date=1 September 1999 | publisher=Weider History Group | volume=14 | issue=3 | pages=64 | issn=0898-4204 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article68763672 |title=Found £300,000 Worth of Diamonds. |newspaper=[[The Advocate (Tasmania)|The Advocate]] |location=Burnie, Tas. |date=4 May 1942 |accessdate=10 February 2012 |page=5 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

The PK-AFV ''Pelikaan'' was on a flight from [[Bandung]], [[Dutch East Indies]] (later Indonesia), to [[Broome, Western Australia]] when it was attacked by [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] aircraft that were carrying out an [[attack on Broome]]. PK-AFV crash-landed on a beach at Carnot Bay, {{convert|80|km|0}} north of Broome.

The ''Pelikaan'' was initially registered as PH-ALP and had been operated by KLM since 25 August 1937. It was based in the Netherlands. On 10 May 1940, while the ''Pelikaan'' was en route to Asia, [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] forces invaded the Netherlands. PK-AFV was transferred to Royal Netherlands Indies Airways (KNILM) and re-registered as PK-AFV. The aircraft is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a [[C-47 Skytrain]] or Douglas Dakota, which were names given to the military variant of the DC-3.

==Final flight==
On 3 March 1942, the pilot of PK-AFV was a Russian World War I [[flying ace|ace]], [[Ivan Smirnov (aviator)|Ivan Smirnov]] (or Smirnoff). The other three crew members were co-pilot Jo Hoffman, radio operator Jo Muller and flight engineer {{thinspace|N.|J.}} Blaauw. They were transporting eight passengers, fleeing the [[Battle of Java (1942)|Japanese invasion of Java]]. Among the passengers were five pilots from the army and navy.

A package containing diamonds, which belonged to a Bandung firm named NV de Concurrent, was handed to Smirnov in the early morning of 3 March by {{thinspace|G.|J.}} Wisse, the KNILM station manager at Andir Bandung airport. Smirnov was instructed to hand the package to a representative of the [[Commonwealth Bank]] once he reached Australia. He was reportedly unaware of the package contents at the time. The plane was airborne at 1:15{{nbsp}}am.

At about 9:00{{nbsp}}am, as the DC-3 neared Broome, skirting the [[Kimberley region of Western Australia|Kimberley coast]], three [[A6M Zero|Mitsubishi Zero]]es{{snd}}led by the Japanese ace Lt [[Zenjiro Miyano]]{{snd}}were returning to their base in [[Timor]], after the first [[Air raid on Broome, March 3, 1942|air raid on Broome]]. Smirnov was following the coastline towards Broome. The Japanese pilots, who were at a higher altitude than the DC-3, dived at it and fired at its port side, scoring numerous hits. The port engine caught fire and Smirnov was wounded in his arms and hip, but managed to put the aircraft into a steep spiral dive.

Smirnoff made a wheels-down landing on the beach, according to his 1947 book {{lang |nl |De Toekomst heeft Vleugels}} ({{translation |''The Future has Wings''}}). This procedure was described in many interviews in papers and on [[BBC Radio]] in 1944. Smirnoff was surprised the wheels went down. While rolling along the ground, the right tire was hit and exploded causing the plane to make an abrupt right turn into the surf and deeper water. The splash extinguished the fire in the number one engine. This story is consistent with the stories told by surviving passengers Pieter Cramerus in a video interview<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://vimeo.com/40019433 |title=DISASTER STRIKES (PART FOUR) |date=2012-04-09 |last=Poederbach |first=Tom |access-date=2025-02-03 |via=Vimeo}}</ref> and Leo Vanderburg in "Flight of Diamonds" by William H Tyler in 1986. A photograph in Smirnof's book on pages 72 and 73 shows that the undercarriage under engine 1 is down.{{cn |date=January 2025}}

The Zeroes then [[strafe]]d the DC-3. The flight engineer and three passengers, including a baby, were killed<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch Dakota Air Crash |url=https://www.monumentaustralia.org.au/themes/conflict/ww2/display/100360-dutch-dakota-air-crash-/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Monument Australia}}</ref> and others seriously injured by bullets. Smirnov reported that the package was dropped in the water or in the plane during a recovery attempt by Van Romondt. The following day, as the survivors awaited a rescue party, a Japanese [[Kawanishi H6K]] flying boat spotted the wreck and dropped two bombs. The Kawanishi later returned and dropped another two bombs. None of the bombs caused any damage or injuries. The surviving passengers and crew were saved after spending six days on the beach.

A mariner from Broome named Jack Palmer, arrived at the scene of the crash, a couple of days after the rescue. He later handed in over [[Australian pound|£A]]{{nbsp}}20,000 worth of diamonds. In May 1943, Palmer and two associates, James Mulgrue and Frank Robinson, were tried in the [[Supreme Court of Western Australia]] for theft of the diamonds.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55866814 |title=Three Men On W.A. Diamond Charges. |newspaper=[[The Mail (Adelaide)|The Mail]] |location=Adelaide |date=24 April 1943 |accessdate=10 February 2012 |page=12 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref> All three were acquitted.{{efn |According to one report some of the diamonds ended up with "a Chinese merchant, others with Aboriginals, several were found in a matchbox for train passengers, several more were found after the war in a fork in a tree, and some more in the fireplace of a house in Broome".{{quote without source |date=January 2025}}}} No other person has been tried for the loss of the diamonds.

==See also==
*[[List of airliner shootdown incidents]]
*[[1942 Qantas Short Empire shootdown]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==General references ==
{{refbegin |30em}}
* {{cite news |last1=Parke |first1=Erin |last2=Seabourne |first2=Andy |title=Revisiting a WWII plane crash and a case about missing diamonds |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-12-07/dakota-diamond-wartime-plane-crash-beagle-bay-legacy/104532232 |access-date=7 December 2024 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=7 December 2024 |language=en-AU}}
*{{Citation | author1=Tyler, William H | title=Flight of Diamonds: The story of Broome's war and the Carnot Bay diamonds | publication-date=1987 | publisher=Hesperian Press | isbn=978-0-85905-105-7 }}
* {{Citation | author1=Wills, Juliet | author2=Van Velzen, Marianne | title=The Diamond Dakota Mystery | publication-date=2006 | publisher=Allen & Unwin | isbn=978-1-74114-745-2 }}
{{refend}}

==References==
{{reflist |30em}}

==External links==
* [http://home.st.net.au/~dunn/wa02.htm ozatwar.com (Peter Dunn), "C-47 Dakota Shot Down by Japanese Aircraft after Japanese Bombing Raid on Broome Harbour £300,000 Worth of Diamonds Missing on 3 March 1942" (2000)]
* [http://museum.wa.gov.au/research/research-areas/maritime-archaeology/treasures-from-the-deep/broome/zero-hour Museum of Western Australia, "Zero Hour & Carnot Bay; The Carnot Bay Episode"]
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in Australia}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1942}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown}}
[[Category:Airliner shootdown incidents involving combat aircraft]]
[[Category:Mass murder in 1942]]
[[Category:1942 in Australia]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in Western Australia]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1942]]
[[Category:Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-3]]
[[Category:KNILM accidents and incidents]]
[[Category:20th-century aircraft shootdown incidents]]
[[Category:1940s in Western Australia]]
[[Category:March 1942 in Australia]]