View source for 18A

{{other uses}}
{{Infobox historical event
  |Event_Name     = 18A
  |Image_Name     = 18A.JPG
  |Imagesize      = 
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  |AKA            = 
  |Participants   = 
  |Location       = [[Argentina]]
  |Date           = {{Start date|2013|04|18}} 
  |nongregorian   = 
  |Deaths        = 
  |Result         = 
  |URL            = 
}}
The '''18A''' was an Argentine ''[[cacerolazo]]'' that took place on April 18, 2013. Attended by nearly two million people,<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1574199-pocos-se-animaron-a-dar-cifras|title= Pocos se animaron a dar cifras|trans-title= Few people give numbers|language= Spanish|author= |date= April 19, 2013|newspaper = La Nación|access-date= April 22, 2013|archive-date= February 22, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140222063739/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1574199-pocos-se-animaron-a-dar-cifras|url-status= dead}}</ref> it was the largest demonstration at the time against the president [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1574237-18-a-una-multitud-volvio-a-las-calles-en-la-mayor-protesta-contra-el-gobierno|title= Una multitud volvió a las calles en la mayor protesta contra el Gobierno|trans-title= A multitude returned to the streets in the highest protest against the government|language= Spanish|author= Laura Serra|date= April 19, 2013|publisher= La Nación|accessdate= April 22, 2013|archive-date= January 30, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180130005955/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1574237-18-a-una-multitud-volvio-a-las-calles-en-la-mayor-protesta-contra-el-gobierno|url-status= dead}}</ref> 

==Antecedents==
The 18A (a term that stands for the date "April 18") was initially called by groups in social networks as [[Facebook]]. Those groups had organized previous ''cacerolazos'', the [[8N]] and the [[September 2012 cacerolazo in Argentina|13S]], and sought to repeat their success.<ref name="redes">{{cite web|url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1571591-cacerolazo-18-a-cristina|title= En las redes sociales, crece la convocatoria para la protesta del 18A|trans-title= In social networks grow the calling for the 18A|language= Spanish|author= |date= April 11, 2013|publisher= La Nación|accessdate= April 20, 2013|archive-date= September 17, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140917021400/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1571591-cacerolazo-18-a-cristina|url-status= dead}}</ref> The Argentine branch of the [[Anonymous (group)|Anonymous]] group was among the organizers as well.<ref name="redes"/> Opposition parties in Argentina had not been formally involved in the previous demonstrations, which had no political leaning; in this case the organizers asked for political support from them.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1571982-invitacion-de-los-caceroleros-a-compartir-la-marcha-del-18-a|title= Invitación de los caceroleros a compartir la marcha del 18-A|trans-title= Invitation of the caceroleros to share the 18A march|language= Spanish|author= |date= April 12, 2013|publisher= La Nación|accessdate= April 20, 2013|archive-date= April 20, 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130420020316/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1571982-invitacion-de-los-caceroleros-a-compartir-la-marcha-del-18-a|url-status= dead}}</ref> 

The government proposed a number of bills to amend the judiciary. Three bills were controversial: the first proposes to limit the [[injunction]]s against the state, the second to include people selected in national elections at the body that appoints or accuses judges, and the third to create a new court that would limit the number of cases treated by the Supreme Court. The opposition considered that those bills attempt to control the judiciary.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1571981-duro-documento-de-la-oposicion-en-contra-de-la-reforma-judicial|title= Duro documento de la oposición en contra de la reforma judicial|trans-title=Harsh document of the opposition against the judiciary amendment|language= Spanish|author= Laura Serra|date= April 12, 2013|publisher= La Nación|accessdate=April 20, 2013}}</ref> As the bills were going to be discussed on April 18, the [[Radical Civic Union]], the [[Republican Proposal]] and the internal factions of [[Peronism]] that oppose Kirchner formally supported the demonstration.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1572245-macristas-radicales-y-aliados-convocan-a-sumarse-para-el-cacerolazo-del-18a|title= Macristas, radicales y aliados convocan a sumarse para el cacerolazo del 18A|trans-title=Macrists, radicals and allies call to join the 18A cacerolazo|language= Spanish|author= |date= April 12, 2013|publisher= La Nación|accessdate=April 20, 2013}}</ref> Still, the government announced that they would not decline the bills, even if the demonstration was massive.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1573148-el-oficialismo-rechaza-la-marcha-del-18-a-y-no-detiene-la-reforma|title= El oficialismo rechaza la marcha del 18-A y no detiene la reforma|trans-title=Officialism rejects the 18-A demonstration and does not stop the amendment|language= Spanish|author= Laura Serra|date= April 16, 2013|publisher= La Nación|accessdate=April 20, 2013}}</ref>

==The demonstration==
Many groups met at 19:00 at several points of Buenos Aires, marching to the [[Obelisco de Buenos Aires|Obelisk]] and [[Plaza de Mayo]] at 20:00. The demonstration included no speeches or orators, and the political parties that joined it did not use political flags or banners.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1573829-la-oposicion-se-sumara-hoy-al-cacerolazo-contra-el-gobierno-en-plaza-de-mayo|title= La oposición se sumará hoy al cacerolazo contra el Gobierno en Plaza de Mayo|trans-title= The opposition will join today the cacerolazo against the government at Plaza de Mayo|language= Spanish|author= Jaime Rosemberg|date= April 18, 2013|publisher= La Nación|accessdate= April 20, 2013|archive-date= December 25, 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171225135543/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1573829-la-oposicion-se-sumara-hoy-al-cacerolazo-contra-el-gobierno-en-plaza-de-mayo|url-status= dead}}</ref> The people marched then to the [[Argentine National Congress]], which was still discussing the bill. A group of people managed to trespass the crowd control barriers and get to the entry of the Congress, by the time the bill was being approved.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1574026-tension-en-las-puertas-del-congreso-durante-la-marcha|title= Tensión en las puertas del Congreso, durante la marcha|trans-title=Tension at the gates of the Congress, during the march|language= Spanish|author= |date= April 18, 2013|publisher= La Nación|accessdate=April 22, 2013}}</ref>

The demonstration took place at other cities of Argentina as well. The people in [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] filled all the space at the intersection of the avenues Vélez Sarsfield and Hipólito Irigoyen. There were demonstrations at many other cities of the [[Córdoba Province, Argentina|Córdoba Province]], such as [[Villa Carlos Paz]], [[Río Cuarto, Córdoba|Río Cuarto]], [[Villa María, Córdoba|Villa María]], [[Villa Dolores]] and [[Alta Gracia]]; governor [[José Manuel de la Sota]] gave his support.<ref name="interior"/> The demonstration in Rosario met at the [[National Flag Memorial (Argentina)|National Flag Memorial]], which was attended by [[Miguel del Sel]] of the PRO party.<ref name="interior"/> [[La Plata]], which was highly damaged by the [[2013 Argentina floods]], had a demonstration at Plaza Moreno, with people opposing the mayor [[Pablo Bruera]] and the perceived corruption in the national government.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1574020-tras-las-inundaciones-la-plata-se-moviliza-frente-a-la-catedral|title= Tras las inundaciones, La Plata se movilizó frente a la Catedral|trans-title=After the floods, La Plata movilized to the Cathedral|language= Spanish|author= |date= April 18, 2013|publisher= La Nación|accessdate=April 22, 2013}}</ref> There were demonstrations at Mar del Plata, Salta, Bariloche, San Juan, Santiago del Estero, Bahía Blanca and Misones, among other cities.<ref name="interior"/> There were small protests at the Argentine embassies in 15 foreign cities, such as Sydney, Tokio, Washington, Barcelona, Madrid, Rome, Milan, Santiago de Chile and Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1574178-los-cacerolazos-tambien-sonaron-en-varias-ciudades-del-mundo|title= Los cacerolazos también sonaron en varias ciudades del mundo|trans-title=The cacerolazos sounded as well in several cities of the world|language= Spanish|author= |date= April 19, 2013|publisher= La Nación|accessdate=April 22, 2013}}</ref> 

President Cristina Kirchner ignored the protest, and wrote several messages in [[Twitter]] during it, none of them related to the demonstration.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1574017-mientras-se-desarrollan-las-protestas-cristina-repasa-su-ultimo-discurso|title= Mientras se desarrollan las protestas, Cristina repasa su último discurso|trans-title=Cristina reviews her last speech as the protests take place|language= Spanish|author= |date= April 18, 2013|publisher= La Nación|accessdate=April 22, 2013}}</ref> She was not at the country at the moment, as she was visiting Venezuela for the inauguration of president [[Nicolás Maduro]].<ref name="interior">{{cite web|url= http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1574008-cacerolazo-18a-interior-del-pais|title= El cacerolazo por el 18A, en el interior del país|trans-title= The cacerolazo for the 18A, inside the country|language= Spanish|author= |date= April 18, 2013|publisher= La Nación|accessdate= April 22, 2013|archive-date= December 7, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141207172557/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1574008-cacerolazo-18a-interior-del-pais|url-status= dead}}</ref> Still, there was a demonstration outside the [[Quinta de Olivos]], the official presidential residence.<ref name="interior"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6Kn2aFpJsA Brief video of the protest parade] 
*[http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/129226/after-18a-people-power-and-the-middleclass-rebellion After 18A: People Power and the middle-class rebellion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821070925/http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/129226/after-18a-people-power-and-the-middleclass-rebellion |date=2020-08-21 }} ''Buenos Aires Herald'' April 21, 2013

{{CFK}}

[[Category:Protests in Argentina]]
[[Category:Presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]]
[[Category:2013 protests]]
[[Category:2013 in Argentina]]