View source for 1766 Slipher

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
 | minorplanet     = yes
 | name            = 1766 Slipher
 | background      = #D6D6D6
 | image           = 
 | image_size      = 
 | caption         = 
 | discovery_ref   = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | discoverer      = [[Indiana University (Bloomington)|Indiana University]]<br />{{nowrap|{{small|([[Indiana Asteroid Program]])}}}}
 | discovery_site  = [[Goethe Link Observatory|Goethe Link Obs.]]
 | discovered      = 7 September 1962
 | mpc_name        = (1766) Slipher
 | alt_names       = 1962 RF{{·}}1953 UR<br />{{mp|1980 RH|5}}
 | pronounced      = 
 | named_after     = [[Vesto Slipher]] {{small|and}}<br />[[Earl C. Slipher]]<ref name="springer" />
 | mp_category     = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|middle]])}}<br />[[Padua family|Padua]]<ref name="Ferret" />
 | orbit_ref       = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | epoch           = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
 | uncertainty     = 0
 | observation_arc = 63.04 yr (23,027 days)
 | aphelion        = 2.9919 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
 | perihelion      = 2.5066 AU
 | semimajor       = 2.7493 AU
 | eccentricity    = 0.0883
 | period          = 4.56 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,665 days)
 | mean_anomaly    = 23.827[[Degree (angle)|°]]
 | mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|0.2162|sup=ms}} / day
 | inclination     = 5.2283°
 | asc_node        = 188.66°
 | arg_peri        = 171.68°
 | dimensions      = {{val|14.37|3.73}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|14.74|5.05}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|18.959|0.211}} km<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><br />{{val|19.099|0.218}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />20.21 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|20.29|1.06}} km<ref name="AKARI" />
 | rotation        = {{val|7.677|0.0145}} [[Hour|h]] {{small|(S)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />{{val|7.693|0.0145}} h {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />
 | albedo          = {{val|0.044|0.003}}<ref name="Masiero-2011" /><br />0.057 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.0583|0.0096}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.09|0.10}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.091|0.010}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.11|0.13}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" />
 | spectral_type   = [[SMASS classification|SMASS]] {{=}} [[C-type asteroid|C]]<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[X-type asteroid|X]]<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}[[C-type asteroid|C]]<ref name="lcdb" />
 | abs_magnitude   = 11.70<ref name="AKARI" />{{·}}{{val|12.150|0.001}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}12.20<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}12.3<ref name="WISE" />{{·}}12.46<ref name="Nugent-2016" />{{·}}{{val|12.75|0.14}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />
}}

'''1766 Slipher''', provisional designation {{mp|1962 RF}}, is a Paduan [[asteroid]] from the central regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 18 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 7 September 1962, by astronomers of the [[Indiana Asteroid Program]] at [[Goethe Link Observatory]] in Indiana, United States.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after American astronomers [[Vesto Slipher]] and his brother [[Earl C. Slipher]].<ref name="springer" />

== Classification and orbit ==

''Slipher'' is member of the mid-sized [[Padua family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#507|507]]}}), an [[asteroid family]] named after [[363&nbsp;Padua]] and at least 25 million years old. It consists of mostly [[X-type asteroid|X-type]] asteroids, that were previously associated to [[110&nbsp;Lydia]] (the Padua family is therefore also known as Lydia family).<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="Carruba-2009" /><ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}

''Slipher'' orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] main-belt at a distance of 2.5–3.0&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 7 months (1,665 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.09 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 5[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />

The body's [[observation arc]] begins with its first identification as {{mp|1953 UR}} at the discovering Goethe Link observatory in October 1953, or 9 years prior to its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Physical characteristics ==

In the [[SMASS classification]], ''Slipher'' is a carbonaceous [[C-type asteroid]].<ref name="jpldata" /> [[PanSTARRS]] photometric survey characterized the asteroid as an [[X-type asteroid]], which is in line with the overall [[Asteroid spectral type|spectral type]] of the Padua family.<ref name="Veres-2015" /><ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}

=== Rotation period ===

In 2012, two rotational [[lightcurve]]s of ''Slipher'' were obtained from photometric observations by astronomers at the [[Palomar Transient Factory]] in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a [[rotation period]] of 7.677 and 7.693 hours with a brightness variation of 0.20 and 0.19 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] in the S- and R-band, respectively ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2/2]]}}).<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] and the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Slipher'' measures between 14.37 and 20.29 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.044 and 0.11.<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2011" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="AKARI" />

The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 20.21 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 12.2.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This [[minor planet]] was named after the brothers [[Vesto Slipher]] (1876–1969) and [[Earl C. Slipher]] (1883–1964), both graduates of [[Indiana University]]. Vesto Slipher was a pioneer investigator of the spectra of the planets, and was the first to measure the redshifts of galaxies, which was instrumental for Hubble's discovery of the [[Redshift#Expansion of space|expanding Universe]]. Earl Slipher developed and improved the direct photography of the planets. His photographs are the only continuous and systematic record of the appearance of the planets for a period of more than half a century.<ref name="springer" />

The [[Slipher (lunar crater)|lunar]] and [[Slipher (Martian crater)|Martian Slipher craters]] were also named after the two brothers.<ref name="springer" /> The official {{MoMP|1766|naming citation}} was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 20 February 1971 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 3144}}).<ref name="DoMP-Circular-dates" />

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
  |type       = 2016-11-15 last obs.
  |title      = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1766 Slipher (1962 RF)
  |url        = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001766
  |publisher  = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
  |access-date = 31 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
  |last       = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
  |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher  = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
  |page       = 141
  |date       = 2007
  |isbn       = 978-3-540-00238-3
  |doi       = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1767 |chapter       = (1766) Slipher }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
  |title      = 1766 Slipher (1962 RF)
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1766
  |access-date = 31 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="DoMP-Circular-dates">{{cite book
  |title      = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008)
  |year      = 2009
  |url      = https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp2008schm
  |url-access = limited
  |chapter    = Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs
  |last       = Schmadel |first=Lutz D.
  |publisher  = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
  |page       = [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryminorp2008schm/page/n230 221]
  |isbn       = 978-3-642-01964-7
  |doi        = 10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2011">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
  |first2     = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
  |first3     = T. |last3 = Grav
  |first4     = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
  |first5     = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
  |first6     = J. |last6 = Dailey
  |first7     = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt
  |first8     = R. S. |last8 = McMillan
  |first9     = T. B. |last9 = Spahr
  |first10    = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie
  |first11    = D. |last11 = Tholen
  |first12    = R. G. |last12 = Walker
  |first13    = E. L. |last13 = Wright
  |first14    = E. |last14 = DeBaun
  |first15    = D. |last15 = Elsbury
  |first16    = T. IV |last16 = Gautier
  |first17    = S. |last17 = Gomillion
  |first18    = A. |last18 = Wilkins
  |date       = November 2011
  |title      = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
  |volume     = 741
  |issue      = 2
  |page       = 20
  |bibcode    = 2011ApJ...741...68M
  |doi        = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
  |arxiv      = 1109.4096
  |access-date= 31 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
  |title      = Asteroid 1766 Slipher – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0
  |work       = Small Bodies Data Ferret
  |url        = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=1766+Slipher#Asteroid%201766%20SlipherEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0
  |access-date = 26 October 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book
  |first1     = D. |last1 = Nesvorný
  |first2     = M. |last2 = Broz
  |first3     = V. |last3 = Carruba
  |date       = December 2014
  |chapter      = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families
  |title    = Asteroids IV
  |pages      = 297–321
  |bibcode    = 2015aste.book..297N
  |doi        = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016
  |arxiv      = 1502.01628
  |isbn       = 978-0-8165-3213-1}}</ref>

<ref name="Carruba-2009">{{Cite journal
  |author     = Carruba, V.
  |date       = May 2009
  |title      = The (not so) peculiar case of the Padua family
  |journal    = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
  |volume     = 395
  |issue      = 1
  |pages      = 358–377
  |bibcode    = 2009MNRAS.395..358C
  |doi        = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14523.x
  |doi-access= free
  }}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
  |title      = LCDB Data for (1766) Slipher
  |publisher  = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
  |url        = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=1766%7CSlipher
  |access-date = 31 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
  |first2     = A. |last2 = Mainzer
  |first3     = J. |last3 = Masiero
  |first4     = J. |last4 = Bauer
  |first5     = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
  |first6     = T. |last6 = Grav
  |first7     = E. |last7 = Kramer
  |first8     = S. |last8 = Sonnett
  |first9     = R. |last9 = Stevenson
  |first10    = E. L. |last10 = Wright
  |date       = December 2015
  |title      = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
  |volume     = 814
  |issue      = 2
  |page       = 13
  |bibcode    = 2015ApJ...814..117N
  |doi        = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117
  |arxiv      = 1509.02522
  |access-date= 31 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
  |first2     = A. |last2 = Mainzer
  |first3     = J. |last3 = Bauer
  |first4     = R. M. |last4 = Cutri
  |first5     = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
  |first6     = T. |last6 = Grav
  |first7     = J. |last7 = Masiero
  |first8     = S. |last8 = Sonnett
  |first9     = E. L. |last9 = Wright
  |date       = September 2016
  |title      = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
  |journal    = The Astronomical Journal
  |volume     = 152
  |issue      = 3
  |page       = 12
  |bibcode    = 2016AJ....152...63N
  |doi        = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
  |arxiv      = 1606.08923
  |doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
  |first2     = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
  |first3     = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
  |first4     = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
  |first5     = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
  |first6     = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
  |first7     = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
  |first8     = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
  |first9     = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
  |first10    = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
  |first11    = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
  |first12    = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
  |first13    = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
  |date       = October 2011
  |title      = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
  |journal    = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
  |volume     = 63
  |issue      = 5
  |pages      = 1117–1138
  |bibcode    = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
  |doi        = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
  }} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=1766 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])</ref>

<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = A. |last1 = Mainzer
  |first2     = T. |last2 = Grav
  |first3     = J. |last3 = Masiero
  |first4     = E. |last4 = Hand
  |first5     = J. |last5 = Bauer
  |first6     = D. |last6 = Tholen
  |first7     = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
  |first8     = T. |last8 = Spahr
  |first9     = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
  |first10    = E. |last10 = Wright
  |first11    = J. |last11 = Watkins
  |first12    = W. |last12 = Mo
  |first13    = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
  |date       = November 2011
  |title      = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
  |volume     = 741
  |issue      = 2
  |page       = 25
  |bibcode    = 2011ApJ...741...90M
  |doi        = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
  |arxiv      = 1109.6407}}</ref>

<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
  |first2     = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
  |first3     = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
  |first4     = Russ |last4 = Laher
  |first5     = Frank |last5 = Masci
  |first6     = David |last6 = Levitan
  |first7     = Jason |last7 = Surace
  |first8     = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
  |first9     = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
  |first10    = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
  |first11    = George |last11 = Helou
  |first12    = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
  |first13    = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
  |date       = September 2015
  |title      = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W
  |journal    = The Astronomical Journal
  |volume     = 150
  |issue      = 3
  |page       = 35
  |bibcode    = 2015AJ....150...75W
  |doi        = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
  |arxiv      = 1504.04041
  |access-date= 31 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = Peter |last1 = Veres
  |first2     = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
  |first3     = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
  |first4     = Larry |last4 = Denneau
  |first5     = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
  |first6     = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
  |first7     = Serge |last7 = Chastel
  |first8     = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
  |first9     = William S. |last9 = Burgett
  |first10    = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
  |first11    = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
  |first12    = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
  |first13    = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
  |first14    = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
  |first15    = Paul A. |last15 = Price
  |first16    = John L. |last16 = Tonry
  |first17    = Christopher |last17 = Waters
  |date       = November 2015
  |title      = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
  |journal    = Icarus
  |volume     = 261
  |pages      = 34–47
  |bibcode    = 2015Icar..261...34V
  |doi        = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
  |arxiv      = 1506.00762
  |access-date= 31 August 2017}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|1766}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Minor planets navigator |1765 Wrubel |number=1766 |1767 Lampland}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Slipher}}
[[Category:Padua asteroids|001766]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Indiana University (Indiana Asteroid Program)|001766]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:C-type asteroids (SMASS)|001766]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1962|19620907]]