View source for 155 mm gun M1

{{distinguish|text=the French-built [[155 mm Creusot Long Tom]], a Boer War artillery piece}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2025}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox weapon
|name=M1 155 mm Long Tom
| image= 155 mm Long Tom 2.jpg
| image_size = 300
|caption=Long Tom in travelling position, [[United States Army Ordnance Museum|US Army Ordnance Museum]]
|origin=United States
|type=Towed [[field artillery]]
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged=yes
|is_artillery=yes
<!-- Service history -->
|service=
|used_by=
|wars=[[World War II]] <br /> [[Korean War]] <br /> [[Cambodian Civil War]] <br /> [[Croatian War of Independence]]
<!-- Production history -->
|designer=
|design_date= 1918–1938
|manufacturer=
|unit_cost=
|production_date= 1940–1945
|number= 1,882
|variants=
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight=Travel: {{convert|13,880|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
|length=Travel: {{convert|11|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Jane's pocket book of towed artillery|last=Foss|first=Christopher|date=1977|publisher=Collier|page=135|isbn=0020806000|location=New York|oclc=911907988}}</ref>
|part_length={{convert|6.97|m|ftin|abbr=on}} L/45
|width=Travel: {{convert|2.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name=":0" />
|height=Travel: {{convert|2.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name=":0" />
|diameter=
|crew=14
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge=Separate loading charge and projectile<ref name=":0" />
|caliber={{convert|155|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}
|action=
|rate=40 rounds per hour
|velocity={{convert|853|m/s|ft/s|0|abbr=on}}
|range=
|max_range={{convert|23.7|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|feed=
|sights=
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
|breech=[[Asbury mechanism]]
|recoil=[[Hydraulic recoil mechanism|Hydro-pneumatic]]<ref name=":0" />
|carriage=M1 Carriage
|elevation=−2°/+65°
|traverse=60°
}}

The '''155&nbsp;mm gun M1''' was a 155 millimeter [[caliber]] [[field gun]] developed and used by the United States military. Nicknamed '''"Long Tom"''' (an appellation with a long and storied history in U.S. field and naval artillery), it was produced in '''M1''' and '''M2 ''' variants, later known as the '''M59'''. Developed to replace the [[Canon de 155mm GPF]], the gun was deployed as a heavy field weapon during [[World War II]] and the [[Korean War]], and also classed as secondary armament for seacoast defense. The gun could fire a {{convert|100|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} shell to a maximum range of {{convert|14|mi|km|0|abbr=on}}, with an estimated accuracy life of 1,500 rounds.

The Long Tom was also adopted by a number of other nations, including the United Kingdom, Austria, Israel, and the Netherlands.

== Development ==
[[File:Wooden-155mm-gun-FAJ19201112.jpg|thumb|A wooden mock-up of a modified [[Canon de 155 mm GPF|GPF gun]] with [[equilibrator]]s to increase maximal elevation and range, 1920]]
Before entering [[World War I]], the United States was poorly equipped with heavy artillery. To address this problem a number of foreign heavy artillery guns were adopted, including the [[Canon de 155 mm GPF]]. After the end of the war the Westervelt Board, named for its president, Brigadier General [[William I. Westervelt]], was convened to assess the artillery experience of the combatant powers and map out future directions for the US Army artillery. The conclusion of the board vis-a-vis heavy field artillery was that the French 155 mm GPF should be adopted as the standard heavy field piece but further development work should occur to achieve a heavy field gun with a max. range of {{convert|25,000|yd|km}}, a vertical arc of fire from 0° to 65° (for comparison, GPF had only 35°), a projectile not exceeding {{convert|100|lb|kg|abbr=on}} and the capability to be installed on a mount with either caterpillar tracks or rubber tires.<ref>http://morrisswett.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15766coll2/id/529/rec/1 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301182004/http://morrisswett.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15766coll2/id/529/rec/1 |date=2017-03-01 }} The Report of the Westervelt Board 1919 p 29-31</ref> A number of prototypes were produced in the 1920s (M1920 and M1920M1 were even standardized) and 1930s (a new design was started from scratch after 1929), the projects were repeatedly put on hold due to lack of funds.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hogg|first=Ian V.|author-link=Ian V. Hogg|title=Allied Artillery of World War Two|publisher=Crowood Press, Ramsbury|year=2001|isbn=1-86126-165-9|page=76|language=en}}</ref> Developed in the summer of 1930, the radical split-trail carriage for both 155-mm gun and 8-inch howitzer designated T2 was the first in the US to feature an all-welded construction as well as a 8-wheel 2-axle roll-bearing bogie for high-speed mobility.<ref name="Strobridge">https://tradocfcoeccafcoepfwprod.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/fires-bulletin-archive/1980/NOV_DEC_1980/NOV_DEC_1980_FULL_EDITION.pdf, p. 44</ref> In 1938{{source?|date=May 2023}} the 155&nbsp;mm gun T4 on carriage T2 was finally adopted as '''155&nbsp;mm gun M1 on carriage M1'''.<ref>TM 9-3305 p 2-8, Figure 2-12, M1 155-mm gun on M2 (Long Tom) carriage.</ref>{{not in source|date=May 2023}}

=== 155&nbsp;mm gun M1 ===
The new gun design used a barrel similar to the earlier 155&nbsp;mm GPF, but with an [[Asbury mechanism]] that incorporated a vertically-hinged breech plug support. This type of breech used an interrupted-thread breech plug with a lock that opened and closed the breech by moving a single lever.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://riv.co.nz/rnza/hist/ord/breech.htm |title=Breachblock |access-date=2012-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208103234/http://riv.co.nz/rnza/hist/ord/breech.htm |archive-date=2013-02-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ammunition for the 155&nbsp;mm gun was "separate-loading", that is with the shell and the powder charge packaged, shipped and stored separately. The shell is lifted into position behind the breech and then rammed into the chamber to engage the shell's rotating band into the barrel rifling.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.everyspec.com/ARMY/TM-Tech-Manual/TM_9-3305_4MAY1981_13707 |title=TM 9-3305 p 5-1, Figure 5-2, Hand loading and ramming for weapons firing separate-loading ammunition |access-date=2012-12-20 |archive-date=2013-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407174856/http://www.everyspec.com/ARMY/TM-Tech-Manual/TM_9-3305_4MAY1981_13707/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ramming the shell home is followed by loading a number of powder bags, as required for the desired range.<ref>TM 9-3305 p 4-1, Figure 4-2. Lands and grooves and Figure 4-3. Projectile with rotating band.</ref> The powder charge could be loaded in up to seven charge settings. Once the powder is loaded, the breech plug is closed and locked, and a primer is placed in the breech plug's firing mechanism. After setting the elevation and azimuth, the gun is ready to fire. The firing mechanism is a device for initiating the ammunition primer. The primer then sets off the igniter which ignites the propelling charge of the ammunition. A continuous-pull lanyard first cocks the firing pin, then fires the primer when pulled.<ref>TM 9-3305 p 4-15, Figure 4-27 M13 firing mechanism.</ref>

The gun was developed into M1A1 and M2 variants. After World War II, the United States Army re-organized, and the gun was re-designated as the M59.

=== Carriage M1 ===
The [[gun carriage]] provides a stable, yet mobile, base for the gun. The new [[Gun carriage#Modern gun carriages|split-trail]] carriage featured an eight-wheel integral two-axle bogie and a two-wheel limber that supported the trails for transport. The carriage was a two-piece design. The upper carriage included the side frames with trunnion bearings that supported the [[Hydraulic recoil mechanism|recoil mechanism]] that carried the gun cradle, slide and gun tube. The upper carriage also incorporated the elevating and azimuth gearing. The upper carriage pivoted in azimuth on the lower carriage. The lower carriage included the transport suspension and the split-trail that stabilized and absorbed recoil when the gun was fired.<ref>TM 9-3305 p 7-2, Figure 7-1, Top and bottom carriages.</ref>

After the gun was placed in a firing position with the gun pointing in the desired direction, the trails were lowered to the ground and the limber was removed. The carriage wheels would then be raised using built-in ratcheting screw-jacks, lowering the gun carriage to the ground. Once on the ground, the limber-end of the trail legs were separated to form a wide "vee" shape with its apex at the center of the carriage pivot point. A [[Gun carriage#Modern gun carriages|recoil spade]] at the limber-end of each trail leg required a correctly positioned hole to be dug for the spade, which was attached to the trail end, to transmit the recoil from gun carriage through the trails and into the earth. This made the gun very stable and assisted its accuracy. The removable spades were transported in brackets on the trail legs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-iYDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+science+cannon&pg=PA101 |title=Popular Science Magazine November 1942 |date=November 1942 |access-date=2016-09-27 |archive-date=2020-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315205504/https://books.google.com/books?id=-iYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA101&dq=popular+science+cannon&hl=en&ei=0D21TN2cFsj9nAeZwNDVDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=true |url-status=live }}</ref>

The carriage M1 and M2 were shared with the [[M115 howitzer|{{convert|8|in|mm|0|adj=on}} Howitzer M1]], differing only in the gun tube, sleigh, cradle, recoil and equilibrators, weight due to the heavier barrel.<ref>TM 9-3305 p 2-11, Figure 2-18. M1 8-inch howitzer on M1 (M1 5) carriage.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+The carriage consists of a combination of the following major components:<ref>TM 9-3305  p 7-3, Figure 7-2, gun support assembly.</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center"
! width="50%"|Bottom carriage
! width="50%"|Top carriage
|-
| Firing support base
| Elevating mechanism
|-
| Trails
| Traversing mechanism
|-
| Retractable suspension system
| Gun support components
|-
| Axle
| Equilibrator<ref>TM 9-3305  p 7-7, Figure 7-6. Pneumatic equilibrator.</ref>
|-
| Brakes
|  Cradle (Connects gun assembly to the top carriage)
|-
| Wheels
| Recoil mechanism
|-
|
| Sleigh (Sliding support for the gun tube)
|-
|
| Gun tube
|}

== Specifications ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Specifications from TM 9–350
|-
|Weight of gun (complete with breech mechanism)
|{{convert|9595|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}
|-
|Weight of tube assembly (barrel)
|{{convert|9190|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}
|-
|Length of tube
|{{convert|277.37|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
|-
|Length of bore
|cal. 45 (274.6 in / 6.975m)
|-
|Length of rifling
|{{convert|230.57|in|m|abbr=on}}
|-
|Powder pressure (normal pressure with maximum charge in a new gun)
|{{convert|40000|psi|0|abbr=on}}
|-
|Type of breechblock
|Interrupted screw
|-
|Weight of breech mechanism
|{{convert|405|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}}
|-
|Type of firing mechanism
|continuous pull percussion hammer
|}

== Service ==
[[File:155mm-Long-Tom-england.jpg|right|thumb|Long Tom at crew training in England]]

The Long Tom saw combat for the first time in the [[North African Campaign]] on 24 December 1942, with "A" Battery of the [[36th Field Artillery Regiment]]. Eventually it equipped 33 U.S. Army corps-level artillery battalions in the [[European Theatre of World War II|European]] and [[Mediterranean Theater of Operations|Mediterranean Theaters]] (the 173rd, 190th, 200th, 208th, 240th, 261st, 273rd, 514th–516th, 528th, 530th, 540th, 541st, 546th–549th, 559th, 561st, 634th, 635th, 731st, 733rd, 734th, 766th, 976th–981st, 985th and 989th), and 8 in the [[Pacific War|Pacific Theater]] (the 168th, 223rd, 226th, 433rd, 517th, 531st, 532nd, and 983rd). The 353rd, 732nd, and 993rd Field Artillery Battalions were  [[Racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces|segregated]] 155 mm gun units that never went overseas. The 353rd was converted to the 1697th Engineer Combat Battalion (Colored) on 19 March 1944 at [[Camp Van Dorn]], [[Mississippi]], the 732nd was converted to the 1695th Engineer Combat Battalion (Colored) on 15 March 1944 at [[Fort Pickett|Camp Pickett]], [[Virginia]], and the 993rd was converted to the 1696th Engineer Combat Battalion (Colored) on 19 March 1944 at [[Camp Swift]], [[Texas]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Stanton|first=Shelby|date=1984|title=Order of Battle, U.S. Army, World War II|location=Novato|publisher=Presidio Press|page=394-424}}</ref>

The 155 mm gun was also used by several [[Marine defense battalions]], notably during [[Operation Cartwheel]] in 1943.

The preferred [[artillery tractor|prime mover]] was initially the [[Mack NO 7½-ton 6x6 truck]] but from 1943 this was generally replaced by the tracked [[M4 high-speed tractor]].<ref name=ZALOGA-20>Zaloga – ''US Field Artillery of World War II'', pp. 20–22.</ref> 72 rounds of ammunition plus propelling charges could be carried in the M21 4-ton, 2-wheel ammunition trailer; 16 rounds of ammunition plus propelling charges could be carried in the M10 1-ton, 2-wheel ammunition trailer that was often used because of shortages of the former. The later heavy M23 8-ton, 4-wheel ammunition trailer introduced in 1945 could carry 96 rounds of ammunition plus propelling charges.

A small number of Long Tom guns were authorised for supply via [[Lend-Lease]] channels, to the United Kingdom (184) and France (25).<ref name=ZALOGA-37>Zaloga, ''US Field Artillery of World War II'', p. 37.</ref> The authorised establishment of British batteries (excluding training units), including four batteries from the Dominion of Newfoundland, totalled 88 guns.

{{clear left}}

== Variants ==
[[File:155mmguns okinawa1945.jpg|right|thumb|M2 during the [[Battle of Okinawa]]]]
[[File:155mm Gun Motor Carriage M40 2.JPG|right|thumb|M40 in the [[United States Army Ordnance Museum|US Army Ordnance Museum]]]]

Gun variants:
* M1920 – prototype
* T4 – prototype
* M1 (1938) – first production variant, 20 built
* M1A1 (1941) – modified breech ring
** M1A1E1 – prototype with chromium-plated bore
** M1A1E3 – prototype with liquid cooling
* M2 Standard (1945) – with modified breech ring

Carriage variants:
* T2 – prototype
* M1 (1938)
* M1A1 – refurbished T2 carriages
* M2 standard

Limber variants:
* M1 standard (1938)
* M5 heavy (1945)

The gun was also mounted on a modified [[M4 Sherman|M4 medium tank]] chassis, in mount M13. The resulting vehicle was initially designated 155&nbsp;mm gun motor carriage T83 and eventually standardized as [[M40 gun motor carriage|155&nbsp;mm gun motor carriage M40]].<ref name=HUNNICUTT-SHERMAN-353>Hunnicutt – ''Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank'', p 353–355, 570.</ref>
155&nbsp;mm gun motor carriage T79, based on [[M26 Pershing|T23 medium tank]] chassis, never advanced past proposal stage.<ref name=HUNNICUTT-PERSHING-158>Hunnicutt – ''Pershing, A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series'', p 158.</ref>
A portable "[[Panama mount]]" M1 was also provided.
{{clear left}}

== Ammunition ==
[[File:British crew preparing 155 mm shells Italy 22-02-1945 IWM NA 22473.jpg|thumb|right|<div style="text-align: center;">British gunners cleaning shells, Italy, February 1945</div>]]
The gun utilized separate loading, [[bagged charge]] ammunition. The propelling charge consisted of base (9.23&nbsp;kg) and increment (4.69&nbsp;kg). The data in the table below is for supercharge (base and increment).

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
|+ Projectiles.<ref name=HUNNICUTT-SHERMAN-353/><ref name=TM-9-1901>''Technical Manual TM 9-1901, Ammunition'', p 197–202.</ref><ref name=TM-9-1904>''Technical Manual TM 9-1904, Ammunition Inspection Guide'', p 490–518.</ref>
|-
! width="15%" | Type
! width="20%" | Model
! width="15%" | Weight
! width="20%" | Filler
! width="15%" | Muzzle velocity
! width="15%" | Range
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left" | [[Shell (projectile)#Armor-piercing shells|APBC/HE]]
| AP M112 Shell
| {{convert|45.36|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| [[Dunnite|Explosive D]]
| 2746&nbsp;ft/s (837&nbsp;m/s)
| 24,075 yds (22,014 m)
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left" | [[Shell (projectile)#High-explosive|HE]]
| HE M101 Shell
| {{convert|42.96|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| [[Trinitrotoluene|TNT]]
| 2800&nbsp;ft/s (853&nbsp;m/s)
| 25,714 yds (23,513 m)
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left" | [[Shell (projectile)#Smoke|Smoke]]
| WP M104 Shell
| {{convert|44.53|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| [[Smoke-screen#Phosphorus|White phosphorus (WP)]]
| 2800&nbsp;ft/s (853&nbsp;m/s)
| 25,940 yds (23,720 m)
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left" | [[Shell (projectile)#Smoke|Smoke]]
| FS M104 Shell
|
| [[Sulfur trioxide]] in [[chlorosulfonic acid]]
| 2800&nbsp;ft/s (853&nbsp;m/s)
| 25,940 yds (23,720 m)
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left" | [[Shell (projectile)#Chemical|Chemical]]
| H M104 Shell
|
| [[Sulfur mustard|Mustard gas]], {{convert|5.3|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| 2800&nbsp;ft/s (853&nbsp;m/s)
| 25,940 yds (23,720 m)
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left" | Dummy
| Dummy Mk I Projectile
|
| –
| –
| –
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left" | Dummy
| Dummy M7 Projectile
| {{convert|43.09|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| –
| –
| –
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" | '''Armor penetration, mm'''<ref name=HUNNICUTT-SHERMAN-353/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.90thidpg.us/Reference/Manuals/FM%206-40.pdf |title=Untitled Document |access-date=2017-06-13 |archive-date=2018-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727065342/http://www.90thidpg.us/Reference/Manuals/FM%206-40.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TM9-1901 WAR DEPARTMENT TECHNICAL MANUAL ARTILLERY AMMUNITION |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/TM/pdfs/TM9-1901.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917021950/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/TM/pdfs/TM9-1901.pdf |archive-date=2017-09-17 |access-date=2017-06-13}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
!
! colspan="4" |Distance
|-
! width="44%" | Ammunition
! width="14%" | 457 m<br /> (500 yd)
! width="14%" | 914 m <br />(1,000 yd)
! width="14%" | 1,371 m<br />(1,500 yd)
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left" | AP M112 Shell (homogeneous armor, meet angle 30°)
| 160
| 152
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left" | AP M112 Shell (face hardened armor, meet angle 30°)
| 135
| 130
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left" | AP M112 Shell (homogeneous armor, meet angle 0°)
| 193
| 191
| 183
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| colspan="5" | '''Concrete penetration, mm'''<ref name=HUNNICUTT-SHERMAN-353/>
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
! width="44%" | Ammunition
! width="14%" | {{convert|914|m|yd|abbr=on}}
! width="14%" | {{convert|4572|m|yd|abbr=on}}
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left" | HE M101 Shell (meet angle 0°)
| 2,011
| 1,402
|- style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;"
| colspan="4" | Different methods of measurement were used in different countries / periods. Therefore, direct comparison is often impossible.
|}

== Operators ==
* {{USA}}
* {{ITA}}
* {{AUS}}
* {{FRA}}<ref name="ZALOGA-37" />
* {{GRE}}
* {{AUT}}
* {{JOR}}
* {{ROK}}
* {{ROC}}
* {{TUR}}
* {{PAK}}
* {{CRO}}
* {{RSA}}
* {{UK}}<ref name="ZALOGA-37" />
* {{YUG}}
* {{NLD}}

== Existing examples ==

=== Pakistan ===
* Pakistan Army Museum, Rawalpindi

=== Austria ===
* Bunkermuseum Wurzenpass, [[Wurzen Pass]] (near [[Villach]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bunkermuseum.at/ |title=Bunkermuseum Wurzenpass/Kärnten<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2015-01-07 |archive-date=2014-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227063649/http://www.bunkermuseum.at/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Australia ===
* Fort Lytton Military Museum, Brisbane.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fortlytton.org.au/?page_id=1627|title=155mm Long Tom Gun {{!}} Fort Lytton Historic Military Precinct|website=fortlytton.org.au|access-date=13 August 2016|archive-date=20 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820141102/http://fortlytton.org.au/?page_id=1627|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Canada ===
* St. John's Newfoundland, Royal Canadian Legion Pleasantville Branch 56. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.silverhawkauthor.com/post/artillery-in-canada-10-newfoundland-and-labrador-st-johns-and-hmcs-cabot|title=Artillery in Canada (10) Newfoundland and Labrador: St. John's, and HMCS Cabot}}</ref>

=== Germany ===
* [[Grafenwoehr Training Area]] – this particular cannon is apparently a return from Italy, based on Italian language markings added, and old Pirelli tires.

=== Israel ===
* [[Batey ha-Osef Museum]], Tel Aviv, Israel<ref>[[:File:PikiWiki Israel 32427 Israel Defense Forces.JPG]]</ref>

=== Japan ===
* [[JGSDF]] Camp Kita-Chitose, [[Chitose, Hokkaido]], [[Japan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chiha97.blog45.fc2.com/blog-entry-1644.html?sp |title=北千歳駐屯地基地祭レポート |access-date=2023-10-19 |work= Tori-meshi Blog}}</ref>
* JGSDF Ordnance School, [[Ami, Ibaraki]], Japan<ref>{{cite web |url=http://goinkyox.com/Gunji/Nihon/Tuchiura3.HTM |title=土浦武器学校の３ |access-date=2023-10-19 |work= Goinkyox}}</ref>

=== Netherlands ===
* [https://www.wingsofliberation.nl/ Wings of Liberation Museum] Park in Best (near Eindhoven), Netherlands <ref>[[:File:Museum Bevrijdende Vleugels 3.JPG]]</ref>

[[File:M1 155mm.jpg|thumb|M1 155mm gun on display at Pivka Military History Park, [[Pivka]], [[Slovenia]]]]

=== Slovenia ===
* Pivka Military History Park, [[Pivka]], [[Slovenia]]

=== United Kingdom ===
* [[Pendennis Castle]], Cornwall, UK
* [[Royal Armouries]], [[Fort Nelson, Hampshire]], UK
* [[Muckleburgh Collection|Muckleburgh Military Collection]], Norfolk, UK
* [[Eden Camp Museum]], North Yorkshire, UK

=== United States ===
[[File:16_18_012_veterans.jpg|thumb|M1 on display at [[Georgia Veterans State Park]]]]
* International Artillery Museum, Saint Jo, Texas
* Fort Jackson, Columbia, South Carolina
* [[Battleship Memorial Park]], Mobile, Alabama
* [[Albany Parks & Recreation#Timber Linn|Timber Linn Park]], [[Albany, Oregon]]
* [[US Army Ordnance Museum]], Aberdeen, Maryland
* VFW Zachary Taylor Post 3784, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
* Georgia Veterans Memorial State Park, Cordele, Georgia
* Fort Sill Field Artillery Museum, Fort Sill, Oklahoma
* Iowa Gold Star Military Museum, Camp Dodge, Johnston, Iowa
* VFW Post 2330, Searcy, AR
* Museum of American Armor, Old Bethpage, New York
* Scotland Meadows Park, New Castle, Pennsylvania
* [[Fort Knox|General George Patton Museum and Center of Leadership]], Fort Knox, Kentucky.
* VFW Post 61, Kansas City, MO
* [[Flying Heritage & Combat Armor Museum]], Everett, WA
* [[Watervliet Arsenal]], Watervliet, NY
* American Legion George Johns Post 447, Round Rock, Texas
* [[Camp Mabry]], Austin, Texas
* Museum of the Kansas National Guard, Topeka, Kansas

== See also ==
* [[List of U.S. Army weapons by supply catalog designation]] SNL D-24
* [[15 cm Kanone 18]] [[German Army (Wehrmacht)|German]] equivalent
* [[152 mm gun M1935 (Br-2)]] [[Red Army|Soviet]] equivalent, built only in small numbers
* [[Cannone da 149/40 modello 35]] [[Regio Esercito|Italian]] equivalent, only few built

== Notes ==
<references />

== References ==
* {{cite book
  |last=Bishop
  |first=Chris
  |title=Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II
  |isbn=0-7607-1022-8
|year=1998
 |publisher=Barnes & Noble Books
 }}
* {{cite book
  | last = Hunnicutt
  | first = R. P.
  | title = Sherman: A History of the American Medium Tank
  | publisher = Presidio Press
  | year = 1994
  | isbn = 0-89141-080-5
}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Hunnicutt
  | first = R. P.
  | title = Pershing, A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series
  | publisher = Feist Publications
  | year = 1996
  | isbn = 1-112-95450-3
}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Williford
  | first = Glen M
  | others = Thomas D. Batha
  | title = American Breechloading Mobile Artillery 1875–1953
  | publisher = Schiffer Publishing Ltd.
  | year = 2016
  | isbn = 978-0-7643-5049-8
}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Zaloga
  | first = Steven J.
  | author-link = Steven Zaloga
  | others = illustrated by Brian Delf
  | title = US Field Artillery of World War II
  | publisher = Osprey Publishing
  | series = New Vanguard 131
  | year = 2007
  | isbn = 978-1-84603-061-1
}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Hunnicutt
  | first = R. P.
  | title = Pershing, A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series
  | publisher = Feist Publications
  | year = 1996
  | isbn = 1-112-95450-3
}}
* {{cite book
  | title = Technical Manual TM 9–350, 155-MM Gun M2; Carriage Ml AND M1A1; Gun Mount M13; Heavy Carriage Limber M2 AND M5; AND Firing PlatformM Ml
  | publisher = War Department, 1944
}}
* {{cite book
  | title = Technical Manual TM 9-1901, Artillery Ammunition
  | publisher = War Department, 1944
}}
* {{cite book
  | title = Technical Manual TM 9-1904, Ammunition Inspection Guide
  | publisher = War Department, 1944
}}
* {{cite book
  | title = Technical Manual TM 9-3305, Principles of Artillery Weapons
  | publisher = Department of the Army, May 1981
}}
* {{cite book
  | title = Field Manual FM 6–40, Field Artillery Gunnery
  | publisher = War Department, June 1945
}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=-iYDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+science+cannon&pg=PA101 ''155-mm. Novel Mechanical Features Give Big-Gun Power, Small Gun Speed'', November 1942, Popular Science] early article with many photos and detailed drawings showing how it is brought into firing position from travel mode.

{{WWIIUSGuns}}
{{WWIIBritishCommGuns}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:155 Mm Long Tom}}
[[Category:World War II field artillery]]
[[Category:World War II artillery of the United States]]
[[Category:World War II artillery of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Cold War artillery of the United States]]
[[Category:155 mm artillery]]
[[Category:Coastal artillery]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1940]]