View source for 1431 conclave

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox papal conclave
| month       = March
| year        = 1431
| commonname  = <!--Add this if conclave was commonly known by another title-->
| dates       = 2–3 March 1431
| location    = [[Santa Maria sopra Minerva]], [[Papal States]]
| dean        = [[Giordano Orsini (died 1438)|Giordano Orsini]]
| vicedean    = 
| camerlengo  = 
| protopriest = [[Antonio Panciera]]
| protodeacon = [[Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz]]
| secretary   = 
| candidates  = <!--If desired, main candidates, if known, can be listed-->
| vetoed      = <!--Name of those vetoed-->
| ballots     = 1
| pope_elected= [[Pope Eugene IV|Gabriele Condulmer]]
| nametaken   = Eugene IV
| image       = PapstEugen.jpg
| prevconclave_year=1417
| prevconclave_link=Council of Constance
| nextconclave_year=1447
| nextconclave_link=1447 conclave
}}

The '''1431 papal conclave''' (2–3 March) convened after the death of [[Pope Martin V]] and elected as his successor Cardinal Gabriele Condulmer, who took the name [[Pope Eugene IV|Eugene IV]]. It was the first [[papal conclave]] held after the end of the [[Great Western Schism]].

==List of participants==
Pope Martin V died on 20 February 1431. At the time of his death, there were 20 publicly known members of the [[College of Cardinals]], but only 18 were considered to be valid electors. Fourteen of them participated in the conclave:<ref>The list of participants is reconstructed according to the subscriptions on [[conclave capitulation]], published in [https://archive.org/stream/annalesecclesias28barouoft#page/90/mode/1up  Annales Ecclesiastici], vol. 28, p. 90</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
!  width="*" | Elector
!  width="5%" | Nationality
!  width="15%" |Cardinalatial Title
!  width="12%" | Elevated
!  width="15%" | Elevator
!  width="*" | Notes
|- valign="top"
|[[Giordano Orsini (died 1438)|Giordano Orsini]]
|[[Rome|Roman]]
|[[Bishop of Albano]]
|1405, June 12
|[[Pope Innocent VII]]
|[[Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals]]; [[Grand penitentiary]]
|- valign="top"
|[[Antonio Correr (cardinal)|Antonio Correr]], O.C.R.S.A.
|[[Venice|Venetian]]
|[[Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina]]
|1408, May 9
|[[Pope Gregory XII]] ([[Cardinal-nephew]])
|Archpriest of the patriarchal [[Vatican Basilica]]
|- valign="top"
|[[Antonio Panciera]]
|[[Friuli]]
|Priest of S. Susanna
|1411, June 6
|[[Antipope John XXIII]]
|[[Protopriest]] of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Administrator of the suburbicarian [[see of Frascati]]
|- valign="top"
|'''[[Gabriel Condulmer]], O.C.R.S.A.''' (elected '''[[Pope Eugene IV]]''')
|[[Venice|Venetian]]
|Priest of S. Clemente
|1408, May 9
|[[Pope Gregory XII]] ([[Cardinal-nephew]])
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Branda da Castiglione]]
|[[Duchy of Milan]]
|Priest of S. Clemente
|1411, June 6
|[[Antipope John XXIII]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Jean de La Rochetaillée]]
|[[France|French]]
|Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina
|1426, May 24
|[[Pope Martin V]]
|Administrator of [[Rouen]] and of [[Besançon]]; Archpriest of the patriarchal [[Liberian Basilica]]
|- valign="top"
|[[Louis Aleman]], O.C.R.S.J.
|[[France|French]]
|Priest of S. Cecilia
|1426, May 24
|[[Pope Martin V]]
|Administrator of [[Arles]]
|- valign="top"
|{{ill|Antonio Casini|fr|vertical-align=sup}} 
|[[Siena]]
|Priest of S. Marcello
|1426, May 24
|[[Pope Martin V]]
|Administrator of [[Grosseto]]
|- valign="top"
|[[Juan de Cervantes]]
|[[Crown of Castile|Castilian]]
|Priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli
|1426, May 24
|[[Pope Martin V]]
|Administrator of [[Tui, Galicia|Tui]]
|- valign="top"
|[[Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz]]
|[[Crown of Castile|Castilian]]
|Deacon of S. Eustachio
|1408, September 22
|[[Antipope Benedict XIII]]
|[[Protodeacon]] of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Archpriest of the patriarchal [[Lateran Basilica]]; Administrator of [[Osma]] and of [[Sigüenza]]
|- valign="top"
|[[Lucido Conti]]
|[[Rome|Roman]]
|Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin
|1411, June 6
|[[Antipope John XXIII]]
|Cardinal-protector of the [[Teutonic Order]]; [[Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals]]
|- valign="top"
|[[Hugues Lancelot de Lusignan]]
|[[Kingdom of Cyprus]]
|Deacon of S. Adriano
|1426, May 24
|[[Pope Martin V]]
|Administrator of [[Nicosia]]
|- valign="top"
|[[Ardicino della Porta, seniore|Ardicino della Porta]]
|[[Duchy of Milan]]
|Deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano
|1426, May 24
|[[Pope Martin V]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Prospero Colonna (cardinal)|Prospero Colonna]]
|[[Rome|Roman]]
|Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro
|1426, May 24, published on November 8, 1430
|[[Pope Martin V]] ([[Cardinal-nephew]])
|
|}

The [[Council of Constance]] confirmed the cardinals created by all three obediences of the time of the Schism. Seven participants were named cardinal by Pope Martin V, three by "Pisan" [[Antipope John XXIII]], two by "Roman" [[Pope Gregory XII]], one by "Roman" [[Pope Innocent VII]] and one by [[Antipope Benedict XIII]] of Avignon.

==Absentees==

Four electors did not participate in this conclave:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
!  width="15%" | Elector
!  width="5%" | Nationality
!  width="15%" |Cardinalatial Title
!  width="12%" | Elevated
!  width="*" | Elevator
!  width="*" | Notes
|- valign="top"
|[[Pierre de Foix, le vieux|Pierre de Foix]], O.F.M.
|[[France|French]]
|Cardinal-Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio
|September, 1414
|[[Antipope John XXIII]]
|Legate in [[Avignon]]; administrator of [[Comminges]]
|- valign="top"
|[[Niccolo Albergati]], O.Carth.
|[[Bologna|Bolognese]]
|Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme
|1426, May 24
|[[Pope Martin V]]
|Administrator of [[Bologna]]; Papal legate in France
|- valign="top"
|[[Henry Beaufort]]
|[[England|English]]
|Priest of S. Eusebio
|1426, May 24
|[[Pope Martin V]]
|Administrator of [[Winchester]]; legate ''a latere'' in England
|- valign="top"
|[[Giuliano Cesarini]]
|[[Rome|Roman]]
|Deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria
|1426, May 24, published on November 8, 1430
|[[Pope Martin V]]
|Papal legate in Germany
|}

All the absentee electors were created by Martin V, except Pierre de Foix, who was elevated by Pisan [[Antipope John XXIII]].

==Non-electors==

Pope Martin V initiated the custom of creating cardinals without publishing their names at the time (similar to [[in pectore]]).{{citation needed|date=March 2013}} At the time of his death the names of two of his secret nominees remained unpublished and, therefore, they were not regarded as members of the Sacred College. They were : 
*[[Juan Casanova (cardinal)|Juan Casanova]], administrator of Elne, 
*[[Guillaume de Montfort (bishop of Saint-Malo)|Guillaume Ragenel de Montfort]], bishop of Saint-Malo, 
They both were later created again by Eugene IV. 

However, two cardinals also created initially ''in pectore'' but later published were not allowed to participate in this conclave, because some necessary rites had not been accomplished at the death of Martin V:

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
!  width="*" | Elector
!  width="5%" | Nationality
!  width="15%" |Cardinalatial Title
!  width="30%" | Elevated
!  width="*" | Elevator
!  width="*" | Notes
|- valign="top"
|[[Domingo Ram]], O.C.R.S.A.
|[[Catalonia|Catalan]]
|Priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo
|1426, May 24, published on November 8, 1430, but without finishing the rite of his investiture as cardinal
|[[Pope Martin V]]
|Administrator of [[Lleida|Lerida]]
|- valign="top"
|[[Domenico Capranica]]
|[[Capranica Prenestina]], [[Papal States]]
|Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata
|1426, May 24, published on November 8, 1430, but without finishing the rite of his investiture as cardinal
|[[Pope Martin V]]
|Administrator of [[Fermo]]; Governor of [[Perugia]] and of the [[Duchy of Spoleto]]
|}

==The election of Pope Eugene IV==
[[File:Piazza di Santa Maria della Minerva by Giovanni Battista Falda (1665).png|thumb|[[Santa Maria sopra Minerva]], site of the 1431 conclave. (1665 drawing; the obelisk at centre was added in the 17th century)]]
The Mass of the Holy Spirit was sung on Thursday March 1, 1431 by Cardinal Giordano Orsini, the Bishop of Albano, ''prior Cardinalium''.  On March 2 all cardinals present in Rome entered the conclave in [[Santa Maria sopra Minerva]]{{Why|date=February 2016}}. On 2 March,  the electors prepared and subscribed the [[conclave capitulation]].<ref>A. Theiner (ed.), ''Caesaris S.R.E. Cardinalis Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici'' Tomus 28 (Bar-le-Duc 1874), under the year 1431, no. 7, p. 84.</ref> The terms of the Capitulation, which contained at least eight clauses,<ref>Gregorovius believed that the document as quoted was incomplete, ''History of Rome in the Middle Ages'' Volume VII. 1, p. 26.</ref> included:

* Half of papal revenue was to be shared with the College of Cardinals
* No major issues were to be decided without the consent of the College

The first scrutiny took place on the following day, 3 March, and ended with unanimous election of Cardinal Gabriele Condulmer, who took the name of [[Eugene IV]]. On Sunday 11 March he was solemnly [[papal coronation|crowned]] on the steps of the patriarchal [[Vatican Basilica]] by Cardinal [[Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz]] of S. Eustachio, the Cardinal [[Protodeacon]].

==Notes==
<References/>

==Sources==
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/election-eugeniusiv.htm Francis Burkle-Young “Papal elections in the Fifteenth Century: the election of Eugenius IV]
*[http://www.csun.edu/~hcfll004/SV1431.html Sede Vacante 1431]
*[https://archive.org/stream/annalesecclesias28barouoft#page/90/mode/1up Annales ecclesiastici]
*Konrad Eubel: ''Hierarchia Catholica'', Vol. I-II, Monasterium 1913–1914

==Bibliography==

* F. Petruccelli della Gattina, ''Histoire diplomatique des conclaves'' Volume I (Paris: 1864), 236–252.
* William Cornwallis Cartwright, ''On the Constitution of Papal Conclaves'' (Edinburgh 1878) 125–129.
* Ferdinand Gregorovius, ''The History of Rome in the Middle Ages'' (translated from the fourth German edition by A. Hamilton) Volume 7 part 1 [Book XIII, Chapter 1] (London 1900) 22–26. 
* Ludwig Pastor, ''History of the Popes'' (tr. R.F. Kerr) Volume I (St. Louis 1906).
* Peter Partner, ''The Papal State under Martin V'' (London 1958).

{{Papal elections and conclaves from 1061|state=collapsed}}
{{Subject bar |portal1= Catholicism |portal2= Christianity |portal3= Vatican City |b=y|b-search=Biblical Studies/Christianity/Roman Catholicism/History
|commons=y|commons-search=Category:Papal conclave
|n=y|n-search=Category:Roman Catholic Church
|q=y|q-search=Category:Popes
|s=y|s-search=Category:Popes
|v=y|v-search=Category:Christian History
|wikt=y|wikt-search=Pope
|d=y}}

[[Category:Papal conclaves|1431]]
[[Category:15th-century elections]]
[[Category:1431]]
[[Category:1431 in Europe]]
[[Category:15th-century Catholicism]]
[[Category:15th century in Europe]]