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{{Year dab|1314}}
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{{C14 year in topic}}
{{Year article header|1314}}
[[File:MK18541 Bannockburn Robert the Bruce.jpg|upright=1.00|thumb|Statue of [[Robert the Bruce]], Scottish victor over England at the [[Battle of Bannockburn]]]]
[[File:Battle of Bannockburn - 1st day of battle map (multilingual).svg|upright=1.00|thumb|Battle of Bannockburn — first day]]
[[File:Battle of Bannockburn - 2nd day of battle map (multilingual).svg|upright=1.35|thumb|Battle of Bannockburn — second day]]

== Events ==
===January &ndash; March===
* [[January 17]] &ndash; Queen Oljath, who had been the Queen consort of the [[Kingdom of Georgia]] as wife of [[Vakhtang II of Georgia|King Vakhtang II]] (d. 1292), and then his cousin, [[David VIII of Georgia|King David VIII]] (d. 1302), marries a third time, taking as her husband Qara Sonqur, Governor of [[Maragheh]] (in the modern-day East Azerbaijan province of Iran), in exchange for a [[dowry]] of 30,000 dinars.<ref>W. B. Fisher, ''The Cambridge History of Iran'' (Cambridge University Press, 1968) p.403</ref>
* [[January 21]] (3 Shawwal 713 AH) &ndash; [[Muhammad III of Granada]], Sultan from 1302 to 1309, is murdered by being drowned in the pool of the Dar al-Kubra on orders of his brother, Sultan [[Nasr of Granada|Nas]]r.<ref>[https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/6552/muhammad-iii "Muhammad III"], by Francisco Vidal Castro, in ''Diccionario Biográfico electrónico'' (Real Academia de la Historia (ed.)</ref>
* [[February 8]] (21 Shawwal 713 AH) &ndash; Sultan [[Nasr of Granada]] is forced to abdicate after 18 days as the ruler of the [[Emirate of Granada]] (in modern-day [[Spain]]) by his nephew, [[Ismail I of Granada|Abu'l-Walid Ismail I ibn Faraj]], who is proclaimed at the [[Alhambra]] as the new Sultan. 
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Jacques de Molay]], Grand Master of the [[Knights Templar]] and [[Geoffroi de Charney]], are, by orders of King [[Philip IV of France]] ("Philip the Fair"), [[Death by burning|burned at the stake]] in front of the cathedral of [[Notre-Dame de Paris]] on the [[Île de la Cité]] in the [[Seine]]. Jacques declares his innocence and that the Templar Order is also innocent of all the charges of [[heresy]]. It is said that Jacques correctly predicts the deaths of both Philip and [[Pope Clement V]] within the year.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elizabeth A. R. Brown |year=2015 |title=Philip the Fair, Clement V, and the end of the Knights Templar: The execution of Jacques de Molay and Geoffroi de Charny in March |journal=Viator |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=229–292 |doi=10.1484/J.VIATOR.5.109474}}</ref> 
* [[March]] &ndash; [[Tour de Nesle Affair]]: After confirmation that two of his sons' wives are engaged in [[adultery]], King Philip IV of France orders the arrest of his daughters-in-law, [[Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France|Margaret of Burgundy]] (the wife of [[Louis X of France|Prince Louis X]]), [[Blanche of Burgundy]] (wife of [[Charles IV of France|Prince Charles of Valois]]), and [[Joan II, Countess of Burgundy]] (wife of [[Philip V of France|Prince Philip V]]). The arrests come after the accusations of King Philip's daughter, [[Isabella of France|Isabella, Queen consort of England]], and surveillance of the Tower of Nesle.<ref>Alison Weir, ''Isabella: She-Wolf of France, Queen of England'' (Pimlico, 2006) p.92,99</ref> Joan II is charged with being an accessory for being aware of the crime and not reporting it, and put under house arrest until after King Philip's death later in the year. Blanche is imprisoned at the [[Château Gaillard]] until 1322. Margaret will die of illness in prison a year later, and five months after technically becoming Queen consort of France.<ref>Jacqueline Broad and Karen Green, ''Virtue, Liberty, and Toleration: Political Ideas of European Women, 1400–1800'' (Springer, 2007) p.8</ref> Two knights, [[Philip of Aunay]] and his older brother Walter of Aunay, are also arrested for adultery (with Margaret and Blanche respectively), imprisoned, tortured at the Place du Grand Martroy in [[Pontoise]] and brutally executed on [[April 19]].<ref>Gillmeister, Heiner (1998). ''Tennis: A Cultural History'', pp. 17–21. London: Leicester University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-7185-0147-1}}.</ref><ref>Didier Audinot, ''Histoires effrayantes'' (Editions Grancher, 2006)</ref>

===April &ndash; June===
* [[April 4]] &ndash; [[Exeter College, Oxford]], in [[Kingdom of England|England]] is founded by [[Walter Stapledon]], Bishop of Exeter, and his brother for the education of clergy.
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Pope Clement V]] dies after an 9-year [[pontificate]] at [[Roquemaure, Gard|Roquemaure]]. During his reign, he has reorganized and centralized the administration of the [[Catholic Church]].<ref>Menache, Sophia (2002). ''Clement V'', p. 2. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-52198-X}}.</ref>
* [[May 1]] &ndash; The [[1314–1316 papal conclave]] to elect a successor to Pope Clement V begins at [[Carpentras Cathedral]] in Provence with 23 cardinals in attendance, of whom the votes of 16 are necessary to elect a new Pontiff. The cardinals are divided into three factions, none of which have more than eight people, with a group from [[Italy]] (led by Guillaume de Mandagot), who want to move the papacy back to [[Rome]]; nine from [[Gascony]], most of whom are relatives of Pope Clement (led by [[Arnaud de Pellegrue]]); and five from [[Provence]] (led by [[Berengar Fredol the Elder|Berengar Fredol]]).
* [[May 14]] &ndash; In Italy, more than 50 of the [[Fraticelli]] spiritualists of the Franciscan order of Tuscany are [[Excommunication|excommunicated]] from the Roman Catholic Church by the Archbishop of Genoa after refusing to return to obedience to the Pope.<ref>William H. Brackney, ''Historical Dictionary of Radical Christianity'' (Scarecrow Press, 2012) p. 131</ref>
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[First War of Scottish Independence]]: English forces led by King [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] leave [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]] to march to break the Scottish siege of  [[Stirling Castle]]. They cross the [[River Tweed]] at [[Wark on Tweed|Wark]] and [[Coldstream]] and march west across the flat Merse of [[Berwickshire]] towards [[Lauderdale]]. In [[Earlston]], Edward uses an old [[Roman roads in Britannia|Roman road]] through the [[Lammermuir Hills]], practical for the wheeled transport of a long supply train as well as the cavalry and infantry.<ref name="Arms1314">{{cite book|last=Armstrong|first=Pete|year=2002|publisher=Osprey|location=London|title=Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory|pages=38–39, 54–55, 70–71, 79, 83|isbn=1-85532-609-4}}</ref> 
* [[June 19]] &ndash; English forces march to the environs of [[Edinburgh]]; here Edward II waits for the wagon train of over 200 baggage and supply wagons – which straggle behind the long columns, to catch up. At the nearby port of [[Leith]], English supply ships land stores for the army – who will be well rested before the {{Convert | 35 | mi | adj = on}} march that will bring them to Stirling Castle, before the deadline of [[June 24]].<ref name="Arms1314" />
* [[June 23]] &ndash; Battle of Bannockburn begins: English forces approach the Scottish positions at [[Torwood]], mounted troops under [[Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester|Gilbert de Clare]] are confronted by Scottish forces and repulsed. During the fierce fighting, [[Henry de Bohun]] is killed in a duel by King [[Robert the Bruce]]. Edward II and forward elements, mainly cavalry, encamp at [[Bannockburn]] near Stirling in central Scotland. The baggage train and the majority of the forces arrive in the evening.<ref name="Arms1314" />
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Battle of Bannockburn]] (First War of Scottish Independence): Scottish forces (some 8,000 men) led by [[Robert the Bruce]] defeat the English army at Bannockburn, securing ''de facto'' independence for Scotland.<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Brown|title=Bannockburn: the Scottish War and the British Isles, 1307-1323|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7486-3332-6}}</ref> During the battle, the Scottish pikemen formed in [[schiltron]]s (or [[phalanx]]) repulses the English cavalry (some 2,000 men). Edward II flees with his bodyguard (some 500 men), while panic spreads among the remaining forces, turning their defeat into a rout.<ref name="Arms1314" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Black |first1=Andrew |title=What was the Battle of Bannockburn about? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk=scotland-27900285 |website=BBC |access-date=21 March 2019 |date=24 June 2014}}{{dead link|date=September 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Stirling Castle is surrendered to the Scots.
* [[June 25]] &ndash; Edward II arrives at [[Dunbar Castle]], and takes safely a ship to [[Bamburgh]] in [[Northumberland]]. His mounted escort takes the coastal route from [[Dunbar]] to Berwick.<ref name="Arms1314" />

===July &ndash; September===
* [[July 14]] &ndash; The Italian cardinals participating in the [[1314–1316 papal conclave|papal conclave]] in France walk out after weeks of harassment by supporters of a French candidate for pope. The rest of the College of Cardinals disperse to [[Avignon]], seat of the Papacy; [[Orange, Vaucluse|Orange]], in the modern-day [[departments of France|département]] of [[Vaucluse]], and [[Valence, Drôme|Valence]] in the modern-day département of [[Drôme]]. The conclave will not meet again for two years, during which time there is no Pope.
* [[August 14]] &ndash; Scottish raiders led by [[Edward Bruce]] plunder the north-eastern counties of England in the [[Pennines]]; they are attacked at [[Stainmore]] by the English under [[Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle|Andrew Harclay]].<ref name="Arms1314" />
* [[August 31]] &ndash; King [[Haakon V]] of Norway moves his capital from [[Bergen]] to [[Oslo]] – where he builds [[Akershus Fortress]], from which [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] is ruled for the next 500 years.<ref>Helle, Knut (1964). ''Norge blir en stat, 1130–1319'' (Universitetsforlaget). {{ISBN|82-00-01323-5}}.</ref>
* [[September 29]] &ndash; In exchange for captured English nobles, Edward II releases [[Elizabeth de Burgh]], wife of [[Robert the Bruce]], his sister [[Mary Bruce]], and his daughter [[Marjorie Bruce]].<ref>Barrow, Geoffrey W. S. (1988). ''Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland'', p. 231. Edinburgh University Press.</ref>

===October &ndash; December===
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[19 October 1314 imperial election]] for the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] at [[Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main)]]. The 25-year-old [[Frederick the Fair]] of the [[House of Habsburg]] is elected by four of the electors and is crowned at [[Bonn Minster]] on [[November 25]]; however, in a dispute over validity of the election, [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV the Bavarian]] of the [[House of Wittelsbach]] is elected the following day by the remaining three electors and is crowned at [[Aachen]], leading to civil war in the Empire.
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Louis X of France|Louis X]] ("Louis the Quarrelsome") becomes [[King of France]] after his father, King Philip IV, is killed in a hunting accident at [[Fontainebleau]].
* [[December 3]] &ndash; The state funeral and burial of King Philip IV takes place at the [[Basilica of Saint-Denis]] near [[Paris]].
* [[December 9]] &ndash; [[Brandenburg–Pomeranian conflict]]: In Germany, the [[Margraviate of Brandenburg]] renounces all claims to the region around [[Loitz]] (in the modern-day northeast German state of [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]]) to the [[Principality of Rügen]] in Denmark in return for payment.<ref>Gerhard Heitz and Henning Rischer, ''Geschichte in Daten: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern'' ("History in Data: Mecklenburg-West Pomerania") (Koehler & Amelang, 1995) p.177</ref>

=== Undated===
* [[Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia|Stephen II]] becomes ruler (''[[Ban (title)|ban]]'') of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages|Bosnia]] following the death of his father [[Stephen I, Ban of Bosnia|Stephen I Kotromanić]]. He rules the lands from the river [[Sava]] to the [[Adriatic Sea]], but does not effectively come into full power until [[1322]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Gábor Ágoston |title=The Last Muslim Conquest: The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9780691159324 |page=543}}</ref>
* [[Amda Seyon I]], known as "the Pillar of Zion" begins his reign as [[Emperor of Ethiopia]], during which he expands into Muslim territory to the southeast by incorporating a number of smaller states.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brian L. Fargher|title=The Origins of the New Churches Movement in Southern Ethiopia, 1927-1944|publisher=University of Aberdeen|year=1996|isbn=9789004106611|page=11}}</ref>

=== By topic ===

==== Religion ====
* The [[Ozbek Han Mosque]] is built in the realm of [[Özbeg Khan]] in the [[Crimea]].<ref name=Crimea>{{cite web | title= Crimean Tatar Architecture |publisher=International Committee for Crimea |url=http://www.iccrimea.org/monuments/monuments.html |access-date=2011-02-20}}</ref>
* Completion of [[Old St Paul's Cathedral]] in London.

==== Natural environment ====
* Approximate date &ndash; Volcanic eruption of [[Mount Tarawera]] in [[New Zealand]]; there are few settlers here at this time.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jacomb|first1=Chris|last2=Holdaway|first2=Richard N.|last3=Allentoft|first3=Morten E.|last4=Bunce|first4=Michael|last5=Oskam|first5=Charlotte L.|last6=Walter|first6=Richard|last7=Brooks|first7=Emma|year=2014|title=High-precision dating and ancient DNA profiling of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) eggshell documents a complex feature at Wairau Bar and refines the chronology of New Zealand settlement by Polynesians|journal=Journal of Archaeological Science|volume=50|pages=24–30|doi=10.1016/j.jas.2014.05.023|bibcode=2014JArSc..50...24J|url=http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/23310/|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001040957/https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/23310/|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== Births ==
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[John Bardolf, 3rd Baron Bardolf|John Bardolf]], English [[Nobility|nobleman]] and peerage (d. [[1363]])
* [[March 10]] &ndash; [[Uthong|Ramathibodi I]], Thai nobleman, prince and ruler (d. [[1369]])
* [[May 13]] &ndash; [[Sergius of Radonezh]], Russian [[abbot]] and reformer (d. [[1392]])
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Philippa of Hainault]], queen consort of [[Edward III of England|Edward III]] (d. 1369)
* [[October 18]] &ndash; [[Giles de Badlesmere, 2nd Baron Badlesmere|Giles de Badlesmere]], English nobleman and knight (d. [[1338]])
* ''date unknown''
** [[Akmal al-Din al-Babarti]], Syrian scholar and theologian (d. [[1384]])
** [[John of Arkel]], Dutch nobleman, bishop and prince-bishop (d. [[1378]])
** [[Li Shanchang]], Chinese official, chancellor and politician (d. [[1390]])<ref>Mote, Frederick W. (1999). ''Imperial China, 900-1800'', p. 550. Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01212-7}}.</ref>
** [[Toqto'a (Yuan dynasty)|Toqto'a]] (or "Dayong", Chinese official, historian and writer (d. [[1356]])
** [[Valdemar III of Denmark|Valdemar III]], [[King of Denmark]] from the [[House of Estridsen]] (d. [[1364]])
** [[William Devereux of Frome (1314–1384)|William Devereux the Younger]], English nobleman (d. 1384)

== Deaths ==
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[Muhammad III of Granada|Muhammad III]], Nasrid ruler (''[[sultan]]'') (b. [[1257]])
* [[January 30]] &ndash; [[Nicholas III of Saint Omer]], Latin nobleman
* [[February 8]] &ndash; [[Helen of Anjou, Queen of Serbia]] (b. [[1235]])
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Riccardo Petroni]], Italian cardinal (b. [[1250]])
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Jakub Świnka]], Polish priest and archbishop
* [[March 18]]
** [[Geoffroi de Charney|Geoffroy de Charney]], French nobleman and [[preceptor]]
** [[Jacques de Molay]], French nobleman and Grand Master 
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Pope Clement V|Clement V]], pope of the [[Catholic Church]] (b. [[1264]])
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[Emilia Bicchieri]], Italian nun and prioress (b. [[1238]])
* [[May 31]] &ndash; [[James Salomoni]], Italian priest, prior and saint (b. [[1231]])
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Henry de Bohun]], English nobleman, knight and duelist
* [[June 24]] &ndash; ([[Battle of Bannockburn]])
** [[Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester|Gilbert de Clare]], English nobleman, knight and peerage (b. [[1291]])
** [[Giles d'Argentan]], Norman nobleman, favourite and knight (b. [[1280]])
** [[Robert Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford|Robert Clifford]], English nobleman, knight and High Sheriff (b. [[1274]])
** [[William de Vescy of Kildare|William de Vescy]], Norman nobleman, knight and peerage (b. [[1296]])
** [[William Marshal, 1st Baron Marshal|William Marshal]], English nobleman, knight and [[Earl Marshal of Ireland|Marshal of Ireland]]
* [[September 30]] &ndash; [[Yolanda of Lusignan|Yolanda I]], French noblewoman and ruler (''[[suo jure]]'') (b. 1257)
* [[October 21]] &ndash; [[Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville|Geoffrey de Geneville]], English nobleman and diplomat (b. [[1226]])
* [[November 20]] &ndash; [[Albert II, Margrave of Meissen|Albert II the Degenerate]], German ruler and knight (b. [[1240]])
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[Nicholas I, Lord of Rostock|Nicholas "the Child"]], German nobleman and knight (b. [[1261]])
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Philip IV of France|Philip IV the Fair]], [[King of France]] from the [[House of Capet]], in a hunting accident (b. [[1268]])
* ''date unknown'' 
** [[Ahmed al-Ghubrini]], Algerian scholar, biographer and chronicler (b. 1264)
** [[Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron Zouche of Ashby|Alan la Zouche]], English nobleman, knight, governor and steward (b. [[1267]])
** [[Alexander Bonini]], Italian Minister General, philosopher and writer (b. [[1270]])
** [[Ermengol X, Count of Urgell|Ermengol X]], Spanish nobleman and adviser ([[House of Cabrera]]) (b. [[1254]])
** [[Guo Shoujing]], Chinese astronomer, mathematician and politician (b. 1231)
** [[Henry Percy, 1st Baron Percy|Henry Percy]], English nobleman, landowner, magnate and knight (b. [[1273]])
** [[John Balliol]] ("Toom Tabard"), king of [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] ([[House of Balliol]]) (b. [[1249]])
** [[Nicholas III Kőszegi|Nicholas III]], Hungarian nobleman and [[Master of the Treasury]] (b. [[1285]])
** [[Nikō]], Japanese [[Buddhism in Japan|Buddhist]] monk, teacher and religious leader (b. [[1253]])
** [[Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes|Rainier I]], Genoese nobleman and knight ([[House of Grimaldi]]) (b. 1267)
** [[Sanggye Pal]], Tibetan teacher and Imperial Preceptor ([[Imperial Preceptor|''dishi'']]) (b. 1267)
** [[Stephen I, Ban of Bosnia|Stephen I Kotromanić]], Bosnian nobleman ([[Ban (title)|''ban'']]) and ruler (b. [[1242]])
** [[Takezaki Suenaga]], Japanese nobleman, retainer and [[samurai]] (b. [[1246]])
** [[Violante Manuel]], Spanish noblewoman and princess ([[Infante|''infanta'']]) (b. [[1265]])
** [[William Devereux, Baron Devereux of Lyonshall|William Devereux]], English nobleman, landowner and knight (b. [[1244]])
** [[Zhu Shije]] (or "Hanqing"), Chinese mathematician and writer (b. 1249)
** [[Wedem Arad]], Emperor of Ethiopia

== References ==
{{reflist}}

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