View source for 11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR

{{Short description|Periodic comet with 6 year orbit}}
{{For|other comets of the same name|Comet Tempel|Comet Swift|List of comets discovered by the LINEAR project}}
{{Infobox comet
| name=11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
| image= 11P 2021-01-04 NEOWISE image 3-color.png
| discoverer=[[Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel|Ernst Tempel]],<br />[[Lewis Swift]] &<br />
[[LINEAR]]
| discovery_date=November 27, 1869
| designations =1869 W1; 1869 III;<br /> 1869c; 1880 T1;<br /> 1880 IV; 1880e;<br /> 1891 V; 1891d;<br /> 1908 II; 1908d;<br /> 2001 X3 
| epoch=2023-02-25<ref name=MPC/>
| semimajor=3.284 AU
| perihelion=1.388 AU
| aphelion=5.18 [[Astronomical Unit|AU]]
| eccentricity=0.5775
| period=5.95 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]]
| inclination= 14.429°
| asc_node=238.87°
| arg_peri=167.99°
| last_p= November 26, 2020<ref name=MPC/><br/>August 26, 2014<ref name="Yoshida-11p"/><br />May 4, 2008<br />(unobserved)<ref name=MPC/>
| next_p= November 9, 2026<ref name="Horizons2026"/>
}}

'''11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR''' is a [[List of periodic comets|periodic]] [[Jupiter-family comet|Jupiter-family]] [[comet]] in the [[Solar System]].

In 1869 [[perihelion]] (closest approach to the Sun) was 1.063 AU.<ref name="Kinoshita"/> [[Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel]] ([[Marseille]]) originally discovered the comet on November 27, 1869, it was later observed by [[Lewis Swift]] ([[Warner Observatory]]) on October 11, 1880, and realised to be the same comet.

After 1908 the comet became an unobservable [[lost comet]], but on December 7, 2001, an object was found by the [[Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research]] (LINEAR) program, and confirmed by previous images from September 10 and October 17 as being the same comet.<ref name="Kronk"/> The comet was not observed during the 2008 unfavorable apparition<ref name="Yoshida-11p"/><ref name=MPC/> because the [[perihelion]] passage occurred when the comet was on the far side of the Sun. The comet was observed during the 2014 and 2020 apparitions.<ref name=MPC/>

The comet will next come to perihelion on 9 November 2026,<ref name="Horizons2026"/> then two days later on the 11th, make a closest approach to Earth of {{Convert|0.4012|AU|e6km|abbr=unit|lk=on}}.<ref name=jpldata/>

== References ==
{{reflist
| refs =

<ref name="Kronk">{{cite web
  |title=11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR
  |url=http://cometography.com/pcomets/011p.html
  |first=Gary W |last=Kronk |author-link=Gary W. Kronk
  |work=Cometography
  |access-date=2014-10-28}}</ref>

<ref name=MPC>{{cite web
  |title=11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR Orbit
  |url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=11P
  |publisher=[[Minor Planet Center]]
  |access-date=2014-10-28}}</ref>

<ref name=jpldata>{{cite web
  |title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR
  |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=11P&view=OPC
  |publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  |accessdate=2023-07-12}}</ref>

<ref name="Yoshida-11p">{{cite web
  |date=2009-04-07
  |title=11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR
  |publisher=Seiichi Yoshida's Comet Catalog
  |author=Seiichi Yoshida
  |url=http://www.aerith.net/comet/catalog/0011P/index.html
  |access-date=2012-02-19}}</ref>

<ref name="Horizons2026">{{cite web
  |title=Horizons Batch for 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR (90000219) on 2026-Nov-09
  |publisher=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System|JPL Horizons]]
  |type=Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive
  |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%2790000219%27&START_TIME=%272026-Nov-09%2018:00%27&STOP_TIME=%272026-Nov-10%2006:00%27&STEP_SIZE=%2710%20minutes%27&QUANTITIES=%2719%27
  |accessdate=2022-06-27}} (JPL#K204/11 Soln.date: 2022-May-23)</ref>

<ref name="Kinoshita">{{cite web
  |title=11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR past, present and future orbital elements
  |url=http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/pcmtn/0011p.htm
  |work=Comet Orbit
  |first=Kazuo |last=Kinoshita
  |date=2014-12-02
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520032222/http://jcometobs.web.fc2.com/pcmtn/0011p.htm
  |archive-date=2011-05-20
  |url-status=live
  |access-date=2023-07-27}}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
* {{JPL Small Body|id=1000365}}
* [http://cometography.com/pcomets/011p.html 11P at Kronk's Cometography]

{{PeriodicComets Navigator|10P/Tempel|12P/Pons–Brooks}}
{{Comets}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tempel-Swift-LINEAR, 011P}}
[[Category:Periodic comets]]
[[Category:Numbered comets|0011]]
[[Category:Jupiter-family comets|011P]]
[[Category:Discoveries by LINEAR|#]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Lewis Swift|011P]]
[[Category:Comets in 2014|011P]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1869|18691127]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Wilhelm Tempel]]


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