View source for 0-6-2

{{short description|Locomotive wheel arrangement}}
{{Infobox steam wheel arrangement
| name             = 0-6-2
| image            = WheelArrangement 0-6-2.svg
| alt              = Diagram of three large driving wheels joined by a coupling rod, and one small trailing wheel
| caption          = Front of locomotive at left
| image2           = Locomotive Parade, Rainhill 1980 - Webb 'Coal Tank' - geograph.org.uk - 1587251.jpg
| alt2             = 
| caption2         = Webb ''Coal Tank''
<!--Equivalent classifications-->
| hatnote          = 
| UIC/Germany/Italy= C1, C1'
| French/Spanish   = 031
| Turkish          = 34
| Swiss            = 3/4
| Russian          = 0-3-1
<!--First tank engine version-->
| date             = 1880
| country          = United Kingdom
| locomotive       = 
| railway          = [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]]
| designer         = [[William Barton Wright]]
| builder          = 
| evolvedfrom      = 
| evolvedto        = 
| mainbenefit      = 
| maindrawback     = 
<!--First tender engine version-->
| date2            = 1890
| country2         = [[Cape Colony|Cape of Good Hope]]
| locomotive2      = [[Namaqualand 0-6-2 Clara Class|Clara Class]]
| railway2         = [[Namaqualand Railway]]
| designer2        = [[Kitson and Company]]
| builder2         = Kitson and Company
| evolvedfrom2     = 
| evolvedto2       = 
| mainbenefit2     = 
| maindrawback2    = 
<!--First "True type" version-->
| date3            = 
| country3         = 
| locomotive3      = 
| railway3         = 
| designer3        = 
| builder3         = 
| evolvedfrom3     = 
| evolvedto3       = 
| mainbenefit3     = 
| maindrawback3    = 
}}

Under the [[Whyte notation]] for the classification of [[steam locomotive]]s, '''{{nowrap|0-6-2}}''' represents the [[wheel arrangement]] of no [[leading wheel]]s, six powered and coupled [[driving wheel]]s on three axles and two [[trailing wheel]]s on one axle. This type is sometimes known as a '''Branchliner''' or '''Webb''' type.<ref>{{Cite web |title=North American Steam Locomotive Wheel Arrangements |url=https://www.steamlocomotive.com/whyte/ |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=www.steamlocomotive.com}}</ref>
{{TOC limit|3}}

==Overview==
While some locomotives with this wheel arrangement had tenders, the majority were tank locomotives which carried their coal and water onboard.

==Usage==

===Finland===
[[File:Bf Haapamäki, Vr2 953 (C1'h2).jpg|thumb|left|Class Vr2 at [[Haapamäki]], Finland]]
Finland used two classes of 0-6-2T locomotive, the Vr2 and the Vr5.

The Vr2 class was numbered in the range from 950 to 965. Five of them are preserved in Finland, no. 950  at [[Joensuu]], no. 951 at [[Tuuri]], no. 953 at [[Haapamäki]], no. 961 at [[Jyväskylä]] and no. 964 at the Veturimuseo at [[Toijala]].

The Vr5 class was numbered in the range from 1400 to 1423. No. 1422 is preserved at [[Haapamäki]].
{{Clear}}

=== Indonesia ===
[[File:DKA C20 (C 20 01 A).jpg|left|thumb|NIS 351 or DKA C20 01 at Ambarawa Railway Museum (2008)]]
''[[Nederlandsch Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij]]'' or '''NIS''' received 10 0-6-2Ts (skirt tank) from [[Sächsische Maschinenfabrik|Sächsische Maschinenfabrik (Hartmann)]] in 1903 and 1912 for mixed passenger and freight trains on the [[3 ft 6 in gauge railways|3 ft 6 in (1067 mm)]] Gundih–Gambringan–Cepu–[[Surabaya Pasar Turi railway station|Surabaya NIS]], as well as sugarcane trains on [[Solo Balapan railway station|Solo]]–[[Wonogiri]]–Baturetno lines. A 0-6-2T also worked on [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]]–[[Bogor|Buitenzorg]] line.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Oegema |first=J. J. G. |title=De Stoomtractie op Java en Sumatra |publisher=Kluwer Technische Boeken, B. V. |year=1982 |isbn=978-90-201-1520-8 |location=Deventer-Antwerpen |language=nl}}</ref> These 0-6-2Ts were classified as NIS Class 350 (351-360) using both wood and coal as fuel. However, the NIS 350s used [[teak wood]] more often due to the depletion of coal supplies. Teak wood is easy to obtain along the Gundih–Surabaya line, especially in the vicinity of Bojonegoro where there are still many teak forests. 

The NIS 350s were limited by the position of the tanks and had a water capacity of only {{cvt|3|m3|usgal}}. This small tank capacity limits the operating range of NIS 350s that had to haul NIS essential commodity trains on certain routes. They quickly ran out of water and had to frequently stop at stations to refuel. To overcome this, especially during the [[dry season]], a water tower or reservoir was built at each station. After [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Japanese occupation]] and [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|Indonesian Independence]], the locomotives were reclassified as C20.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Yoga Bagus Prayogo |author2=Yohanes Sapto Prabowo |author3=Diaz Radityo |title=Kereta Api di Indonesia. Sejarah Lokomotif di Indonesia |publisher=Jogja Bangkit Publisher |year=2017 |isbn=978-602-0818-55-9 |language=id}}</ref> The C20 locomotive has a length of 9420&nbsp;mm and weighs 33.5 tons, and able to run a maximum speed of {{cvt|60|km/h|mph}}.<ref name=":0" />Of the 10 built only C20 01 is preserved at [[Ambarawa Railway Museum]], [[Central Java]].

===Philippines===
[[File:Manila Dagupan Railway Borrecon.jpg|thumb|right|Borrecon, the first mainline locomotive in Philippine service.]]

====Tank locomotives====
There were 30 ''Dagupan''-type locomotives built between 1889 and 1890. All were tank locomotives, weighed {{Convert|32|t|lb}} and were run a maximum speed of {{Convert|33|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Gary |last=Satre |title=The Cagayan Valley Extension Project |journal=Japan Railway and Transport Review |volume=22 |date=December 1999 }}</ref> These were divided into two subclasses: the A subclass built by [[Neilson and Company]] and the B subclass built by [[Dübs and Company]].<ref name="iron">{{Cite book |first=Arturo |last=Corpuz |title=Railroad and Regional Development in the Philippines: View From the Colonial Iron Horse, 1875–1935 |publisher=Cornell University |date=1989 |isbn=978-971-542-220-8}}</ref>

Another 25 locomotives of the C class were built in 1906 by the [[North British Locomotive Company]] (which succeeded Dübs) and were regarded as distinct from the ''Dagupan'' class.<ref name="iron"/>

During the Manila Railroad era, they were replaced in mainline service by American tender locomotives such as the [[H.K. Porter, Inc.|Porter]] [[4-6-0]] built in 1919 or the [[4-6-2]] Pacifics built by [[Baldwin Locomotive Works]] between 1926 and 1929.<ref name="iron"/>

A B-class locomotive named ''Urdaneta'' (No. 17) remained in shunting service until 1963 and is one of only three steam locomotives preserved by the PNR. After its retirement, ''Urdaneta'' was first displayed in the [[Tutuban station]]. It is now on static display in [[Dagupan]], [[Pangasinan]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2020-08-31|title=Today's Railways and Preserved Steam in the Philippines|url=http://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/trains/philippines01.htm|website=www.internationalsteam.co.uk}}</ref> The rest were scrapped between 1917 and 1940.<ref name="iron"/>

====Tender locomotives====
Ma-Ao Sugar Central of [[Negros Occidental]] had locomotive No. 8, a rebuild of a saddle [[tank locomotive]] built in 1920.<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Ma Ao Sugar Central on the Philippine island of Negros A journey along the Cut Cut line with locomotive|url=https://www.imago-images.com/st/0061721639|date=September 9, 1981}}</ref> It was last seen in January 1982 and was presumed to have been scrapped not long after due to the mill being in a decrepit state during those years.<ref>{{Cite web|first1=Wilson|last1=Lythgoe|first2=Rob|last2=Dickinson|title=Once upon a time, long ago, Ma-Ao Sugar Central, Negros, Philippines, 1982|url=https://www.internationalsteam.co.uk/tales/lythgoe02.htm|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref>

===South Africa===

====Tender locomotives====
[[File:Scotia Class 0-6-2 no. 10 Cambria.jpg|thumb|left|[[Namaqualand 0-6-2 Scotia Class|Cape Copper Company 0-6-2 Scotia Class]], c. 1910]]
Between 1890 and 1898, four 0-6-2 tender locomotives were placed in service by the Cape Copper Company on its {{RailGauge|2ft6in|lk=on}} gauge [[Namaqualand Railway]] between [[Port Nolloth]] and [[O'okiep]] in the Cape Colony. Acquired to meet the traffic needs of the upper mountainous section of the line, they became known as the Mountain type. The first three of these locomotives were later described as the [[Namaqualand 0-6-2 Clara Class|Clara Class]], while the fourth was included in this Class by some and included in the subsequent Scotia Class by others.<ref name="Bagshawe">{{Bagshawe|pages=8–11, 16–23}}</ref>

Between 1900 and 1905, six more Mountain type 0-6-2 tender locomotives were placed in service by the Cape Copper Company. Later described as the [[Namaqualand 0-6-2 Scotia Class|Scotia Class]], they were similar to the earlier Clara Class locomotives, but with longer boilers, longer fireboxes and larger firegrates.<ref name="Bagshawe"/>

====Tank locomotive====
In 1892 and 1893, the [[Netherlands-South African Railway Company|''Nederlandsche-Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg-Maatschappij'']] of the ''[[Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek]]'' (Transvaal Republic) placed twenty {{Track gauge|Cape|allk=on}} 0-6-2T locomotives in mainline service. Since the railway classified its locomotives according to their weight, these locomotives were known as the {{nowrap|[[NZASM 40 Tonner 0-6-2T|40 Tonners]]}}.<ref name="Holland 1">{{Holland-Vol 1|pages=113–114, 116, 121, 126}}</ref>

===South West Africa===
Three classes of {{RailGauge|600mm|al=on|allk=on}} gauge 0-6-2 locomotives were supplied to [[German South West Africa]] between 1904 and 1908.
[[File:Arnold Jung Lokomotive Tsumeb anagoria.JPG|thumb|[[South West African Jung|Jung no. 9]] plinthed in [[Tsumeb]]]]
* In 1904, the [[Otavi Mining and Railway Company]] acquired fifteen tank locomotives from [[Arnold Jung Lokomotivfabrik]] in Germany. Two of them survived to be taken onto the South African Railways (SAR) roster in 1922. They were never classified and were referred to as the [[South West African Jung|Jung locomotives]].<ref name="Paxton-Bourne">{{Paxton-Bourne|pages=115–116}}</ref><ref name="Dulez 150">{{Dulez 150|pages=235, 379–382}}</ref>
* Ten [[South West African Class Ha|Class Ha]] tank locomotives were supplied by [[Henschel & Son]] in 1904. One survived the First World War into the SAR era.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/><ref>{{Citation|title=References|date=1986|work=Diagnostic Reference Index of Clinical Neurology|pages=Ref–1a-Ref-70|publisher=Elsevier|doi=10.1016/b978-0-409-90016-3.50033-9|isbn=978-0-409-90016-3}}</ref>
* Fifteen [[South West African Class Hb|Class Hb]] tank locomotives were supplied by Henschel between 1905 and 1908. The last six locomotives were delivered as tank-and-tender engines, equipped with optional coal and water tenders. Six of them survived into the SAR era.<ref name="Paxton-Bourne"/>

===United Kingdom===
In the [[United Kingdom]], the type was only ever used for tank engines and was first used by [[William Barton Wright]] of the [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]] in 1880 with the [[L&YR Barton Wright 0-6-2T]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=SCHEFOLD|first=BERTRAM|title=Bertram Schefold|journal=Political Events and Economic Ideas|year=2004|doi=10.4337/9781845421526.00036|isbn=978-1-84542-152-6}}</ref>

The arrangement was soon afterwards used by [[Francis Webb (engineer)|Francis Webb]] of the [[London and North Western Railway]] on his famous [[LNWR Webb Coal Tank|''Coal Tanks'']] of 1881–1897. Many locomotives of this type were also used to haul coal in the [[Welsh 0-6-2T locomotives|South Wales Valleys]] by the [[Great Western Railway]] and its predecessors, where the arrangement proved sufficiently successful to lead to the development of the [[GWR 5600 Class|GWR 56xx class]] in 1924.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Maidment |first=David |title=Great Western, 0-6-2 Tank Classes: Absorbed and Swindon Designed |publisher=Pen and Sword Books |year=2020 |pages=166}}</ref>

[[File:SR Class E5 32591 Brighton 1948.jpg|thumb|[[LB&SCR E5 class]] of 1902]]
Several railways around London later used the type for heavy suburban passenger trains, notably the following:
* The [[London, Brighton and South Coast Railway]] (LB&SCR) with the [[LB&SCR E3 class|E3]], [[LB&SCR E4 class|E4]], [[LB&SCR E5 class|E5]] and [[LB&SCR E6 class|E6]] classes designed by [[R. J. Billinton]] between 1894 and 1904.
* The [[Great Eastern Railway]] (GER) [[GER Class L77|Class L77]] of 1914, designed by [[Alfred John Hill]].
* The [[Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)|Great Northern Railway]] (GNR) [[GNR Class N1|Class N1]] designed by [[Henry Ivatt|Ivatt]], and Class [[GNR Class N2|N2]], designed by [[Nigel Gresley]] between 1906 and 1921.

Gresley later improved upon the GER class with various versions of his [[London and North Eastern Railway]] (LNER) [[LNER N7|N7 class]], built between 1925 and 1928.

==== Lambton Tanks ====
[[File:Grosmont Station, North Yorkshire Moors Railway - geograph.org.uk - 856389.jpg|thumb|The pioneering Lambton Tank, 29, seen preserved on the [[North Yorkshire Moors Railway]].]]
In 1904, the [[Lambton Railway]] ordered their first 0-6-2T from [[Kitson and Company|Kitson & Co.]] to use on the collery systems. This proved to be successful over the next few years a further 6 0-6-2T were ordered, 2 in 1907 provided by Kitson, 2 in 1909 provided by [[Robert Stephenson and Company|Robert Stephenson & Co.]], another provided by Stephenson in 1920, and a final in 1934 provided by [[Hawthorn Leslie]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Industrial Locomotives of Durham |publisher=Industrial Railway Society |year=1977 |isbn=0-901096-30-X |location=London |publication-date=1977 |pages=256–326}}</ref> In 1931, the railway bought 5 0-6-2Ts from the [[Great Western Railway]], three of which were from the former [[Taff Vale Railway]], and the remainder from the [[Cardiff Railway]].

===United States===
The primary usage of 0-6-2 types in the United States were Tank locomotives. Many were found in the state of [[Hawaii]] on sugar cane railroads across the state. Most notable were the 0-6-2T's of the Mcbryde Sugar Company of Kauai, 3 of which survive and are currently the only original steam engines operating in Hawaii.

==References==
{{Commons}}

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{{Reflist}}

{{Whyte types}}

[[Category:0-6-2 locomotives| ]]
[[Category:C1 locomotives| ]]
[[Category:Whyte notation|6,0-6-2]]