View source for 0-4-4T

{{short description|Tank locomotive wheel arrangement}}
{{Distinguish|0-4-0+4}}
[[File:W24_Calbourne_Southern_Malachite_Green.jpg|thumb|right|British [[LSWR O2 class]] 0-4-4T]]
Under the [[Whyte notation]] for the classification of [[steam locomotive]]s, '''0-4-4''' represents the [[wheel arrangement]] of no [[leading wheel]]s, four powered and coupled [[driving wheel]]s on two axles, and four [[trailing wheel]]s on two axles. This type was only used for [[tank locomotive]]s.

In the UK 0-4-4 tanks were mainly used for suburban or rural passenger duties. In America, the wheel arrangement became known as the '''Forney''', after a specific design of 0-4-4s, the ''[[Forney locomotive]]'', became heavily used on the narrow curves of [[elevated railway]]s and other [[rapid transit]] lines. 

==Equivalent classifications==
Other equivalent classifications are:
*[[UIC classification]]: '''B2''' (also known as German classification and [[Italian classification]])
*[[French classification]]: '''022'''
*[[Turkish classification]]: '''24'''
*[[Swiss classification]]: '''2/4'''
*[[Russian classification]]: '''0-2-2'''

==History==

=== Finland ===
[[Image:Forney044.jpg|thumb|Finnish Steam Locomotive Class F1 No 132, made by the [[Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works|SLM]], Winterthur, Switzerland in 1886, and it was used on the [[Finnish State Railways]] in 1886-1932. It is preserved at the [[Finnish Railway Museum]].]] 
The [[Finnish Steam Locomotive Class F1]] entered service with SVR in 1885 were used until 1935. One example is preserved at the [[Finnish Railway Museum]].

[[Image:Finland SocieteSuisse3.JPG|thumb|left| [[Builder's plate]] of [[Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works]] Societe Suisse locomotive No 434 of 1886 0-4-4T at the [[Finnish Railway Museum]]]]

=== United Kingdom ===
The earliest 0-4-4's in the UK were [[Tank locomotive#Well tank|well tanks]]. Both [[John Chester Craven]] of the [[London Brighton and South Coast Railway]] and [[James Cudworth (engineer)|James Cudworth]] of the [[South Eastern Railway (UK)]] introduced classes in 1866.<ref>Bertram Baxter, British Locomotive Catalogue 1825-1923, Vol.1 Wayland Publishing. 1977. {{ISBN|0-903485-50-8}}.</ref> They were followed by [[Matthew Kirtley]] on the [[Midland Railway]] ([[Midland Railway 690 Class|690 Class]] and [[Midland Railway 780 Class|780 Class]], 26 locomotive built 1869-70) and [[Patrick Stirling (railway engineer)|Patrick Stirling]] on the Great Northern Railway (48 locomotive built 1873-81).<ref>Baxter (1977).</ref> 

The more common side-tank version was introduced on the [[Great Eastern Railway]] by [[Samuel Waite Johnson]] in 1872, and was soon afterwards adopted by most mainline railways in the UK, becoming the standard configuration for a passenger tank locomotive until about 1900. Examples have included the [[LSWR O2 class|LSWR O2]] and [[LSWR M7 class|M7]] classes, the [[Midland Railway 2228 Class]], and the [[Caledonian Railway 439 Class]]. The last British design of 0-4-4T were the [[LMS Stanier Class 2 0-4-4T]] of 1932, based on the 2228 Class. 

Preserved 0-4-4T locomotives in the UK are [[SECR H class]] No. 263 on the [[Bluebell Railway]], O2 class No. W24 'Calbourne' on the [[Isle of Wight Steam Railway]], Nos. 245 in the [[National Railway Museum]] and 53 (as BR 30053) on the [[Swanage Railway]], [[Metropolitan Railway E Class]] No. 1 at the [[Buckinghamshire Railway Centre]], CR No.419 by the [[Scottish Railway Preservation Society]] and the Duke of Sutherland's [[Dunrobin (locomotive)|'Dunrobin']] which was brought back from Canada by [[Beamish Museum]]. The Class G5 Locomotive Company Limited<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.g5locomotiveltd.co.uk/|title=g5locomotiveltd.co.uk|website=The Class G5 Locomotive Company|access-date=2021-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/G5Loco/|title=Class G5 Locomotive Company Ltd|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2021-02-08}}</ref> are recreating a replica [[NER Class O]] (LNER class G5).

=== United States ===
[[File:Sandy River Railroad's 2-foot gauge Forney locomotive No.1 at Phillips, Maine.jpg|thumb|Sandy River Railroad Forney locomotive 1]]
The 0-4-4 configuration appears to have been introduced in the US, with the [[Forney locomotive]], was patented by [[Matthias N. Forney]] between 1861 and 1864. These were characterized by a single frame under the boiler and fuel/water tank, which is supported at the rear by the truck under the [[Tank locomotive#Fuel bunker|coal bunker]]/water tank. The locomotives were designed to run cab (or bunker) first and were built for commuter lines in cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston.

==References==
{{Commons}}


{{reflist}}


{{Whyte types}}

[[Category:0-4-4T locomotives| ]]
[[Category:0-4-4 locomotives| ]]
[[Category:Whyte notation|4,0-4-4T]]