View source for .name

{{Short description|Internet top-level domain}}
{{Infobox Top level domain
| name = .name
| image = DotnameTLDlogo-vrsn.png
| introduced = {{start date and age|2001|08|17}}
| type = [[Generic top-level domain]]
| status = Active
| registry = [[Verisign]]
| sponsor = None
| intendeduse = Personal sites of individuals
| actualuse = Mostly used as intended
| restrictions = No prior restriction on registration, but registrations can be challenged if not by or on behalf of an individual with a name similar to that of the domain, or a fictional character in which the registrant has rights
| structure = Originally registrations had to be at third level, in form '''john.smith.name''', but later direct second-level registrations were allowed
| document={{URL|https://www.icann.org/tlds/agreements/name/|ICANN registry agreement}}
| disputepolicy = {{Webarchive|title=dot name - Eligibility Requirements Dispute Resolution Policy (ERDRP)|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912131837/http://www.nic.name/erdrp.html|date=September 12, 2008}}
| website = {{URL|https://verisign.com/domain-names/name-domains}}
}}

'''.name''' is a [[generic top-level domain]] (gTLD) in the [[Domain Name System]] of the [[Internet]]. It is intended for use by individuals for representation of their personal name, nicknames, screen names, pseudonyms, or other types of identification labels.

==History==
The [[top-level domain]] was founded by [[Hakon Haugnes]] and Geir Rasmussen and initially delegated to [[Global Name Registry]] in 2001, and become fully operational in January 2002. [[Verisign]] was the outsourced operator for .name since the .name launch in 2002 and acquired [[Global Name Registry]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Arrington |first1=Michael |title=Domain Name Consolidation: Verisign Acquires .Name Guys |date=3 October 2008 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2008/10/03/domain-name-consolidation-verisign-acquires-name-guys/ |publisher=Tech Crunch |access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>

In late September 2007, security researchers accused Global Name Registry of harboring hackers by charging fees per WHOIS lookup.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Singel |first1=Ryan |title=Dot-Name Becomes Cybercrime Haven |url=https://www.wired.com/2007/09/dot-name-becomes-cybercrime-haven/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref> The policy of selling detailed registration info about domains in ''name'' for US$2 each was criticized as hindering community efforts to locate and clean up [[malware]]-spreading hosts, [[Zombie computer|zombies]], and [[botnet]] control servers located in ''name''.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Singel |first1=Ryan |title=.Name Registrar Defends Pay for Whois Policy |url=https://www.wired.com/2007/09/name-registrar/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref> The registry offers unlimited lookups to approved users who sign a 10-page legal agreement.<ref>[https://webwhois.nic.name/DotNameWhois/pdf/extensiveagreement-2010.pdf Extensive Whois access program agreement]</ref>

In November 2009, [[internationalized domain name]]s (IDNs) became available for second- and third-level domain names.<ref>{{cite web |title=.NAME IDNs Now Available & .SE Allowing Multiyear Registrations |url=https://www.hexonet.net/news/NAME%20IDNs%20Now%20Available%20&%20SE%20Allowing%20Multiyear%20Registrations_587 |website=hexonet.net |access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref> IDNs are domain names that are represented by user applications in the native character set of a language.

==Structure==
When the TLD ''name'' was first launched, only third-level registrations and forwarded e-mail addresses were available. Second-level registrations became available in January 2004.  The original intended structure of domain names was ''first.last.name'', so that individuals could get a domain corresponding to their name.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Reardon |first1=Marguerite |title=Registry remakes .name for itself |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/registry-remakes-name-for-itself/ |website=[[ZDNet]] |publisher=ZDNet |access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>

The purpose of this sharing of second-level names was to ensure that the highest number of people possible could get an email address that included their last name. This sharing did not impact any other people with the same last name, and research by Global Name Registry showed that a majority of the world's population does not have an overlapping firstname–lastname combination.

==Usage==
Subdomains of ''name'' may be registered at the second-level (''john''.name) and the third-level (''john''.doe.name). It is also possible to register an [[e-mail]] address of the form ''john@doe.name''. Email forwarding will be operated by Verisign.  The target address can be specified by an additional [[Extensible Provisioning Protocol|EPP]] mapping.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.icann.org/en/registry-agreements/name/name-registry-agreement-appendix-7-1-12-2012-en| title=.name Registry Agreement Appendix 7, Functional Specification| date=1 December 2012| website=[[ICANN]]}}</ref> The second-level domain of third-level subdomains is shared, and may not be registered by individuals.

The [[WHOIS]] service for ''name'' is available at [http://whois.nic.name whois.nic.name]. Domain name registrations are available from accredited ICANN registrars.

==See also==
*[[Domain name]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db/name.html IANA .name whois information]
*[http://www.verisigninc.com/en_US/products-and-services/domain-name-services/registry-services/name-domain-names/index.xhtml .name operator  website] ([[Verisign]])
*[http://www.icann.org/about/agreements/registries/name .name Registry Agreement]

{{Generic top-level domains}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Name}}
[[Category:Generic top-level domains]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2001]]

[[de:Top-Level-Domain#Nichtgesponserte Domains (uTLD)]]
[[sv:Toppdomän#Generiska toppdomäner]]