View source for .hack (video game series)

{{short description|Video game series}}
{{Good article}}{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox video game series
| title = .hack
| developer = [[CyberConnect2]]
| publisher = [[Bandai]]
| creator = [[Hiroshi Matsuyama]]
| producer = Hirotaka Watanabe<br>Daisuke Uchiyama
| writer = [[Kazunori Itō]]
| artist = [[Yoshiyuki Sadamoto]]
| composer = Chikayo Fukuda
| released = '''''Infection'''''<br />{{vgrelease |JP|June 20, 2002|NA|February 11, 2003|PAL|March 26, 2004}} '''''Mutation'''''<br />{{vgrelease |JP|September 19, 2002<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-08-29 |title=Gaming Life in Japan |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2002/08/29/gaming-life-in-japan-127 |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=[[IGN]] |language=en}}</ref>|NA|May 6, 2003<ref>{{Cite web |title=''<nowiki>.hack//MUTATION</nowiki> (Part 2)'' |url=http://ps2.ign.com/objects/499/499463.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040603181820/http://ps2.ign.com/objects/499/499463.html |archive-date=June 3, 2004 |access-date=July 2, 2024 |website=[[IGN]]}}</ref>|PAL|June 18, 2004}} '''''Outbreak'''''<br />{{vgrelease |JP|December 12, 2002|NA|September 9, 2003|PAL|September 10, 2004}} '''''Quarantine'''''<br />{{vgrelease |JP|April 10, 2003|NA|January 13, 2004|PAL|December 10, 2004}} '''''frägment'''''<br />{{vgrelease|JP|November 23, 2005}}
| genre = [[Action role-playing]]
| platforms = [[PlayStation 2]]
| spinoffs = ''[[.hack//G.U.|G.U.]]''<br>''[[.hack//Link|Link]]''
| parent = ''[[.hack//Sign|anime series]]''
}}

'''''.hack''''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ɒ|t|_|h|æ|k|}}) is a series of [[single-player]] [[action role-playing]] video games developed by [[CyberConnect2]] and published by [[Bandai]] for the [[PlayStation 2]]. The four games, ''.hack//Infection'', ''.hack//Mutation'', ''.hack//Outbreak'', and ''.hack//Quarantine'', all feature a "[[story within a story|game within a game]]", a fictional [[massively multiplayer online role-playing game]] (MMORPG) called ''The World'' which does not require the player to connect to the Internet. Players may transfer their characters and data between games in the series. Each game comes with an extra [[DVD]] containing an episode of ''[[.hack//Liminality]]'', the accompanying [[original video animation]] (OVA) series which details fictional events that occur concurrently with the games.

The games are part of a [[multimedia franchise]] called ''[[.hack#Project .hack|Project .hack]]'', which explores the mysterious origins of ''The World''. Set after the events of the anime series, ''[[.hack//Sign]]'', the games focus on a player character named Kite and his quest to discover why some users have become [[coma]]tose in the real world as a result of playing ''The World''. The search evolves into a deeper investigation of the game and its effects on the stability of the [[Internet]].

Critics gave the series mixed reviews. It was praised for its unique setting and its commitment to preserve the [[suspension of disbelief]], as well as the [[Character creation|character designs]]. However, it was criticized for uneven [[Pacing (narrative)|pacing]] and a lack of improvement between games in the series. The commercial success of the franchise led to the production of ''[[#.hack//frägment|.hack//frägment]]''—a Japan-only [[Video game remake|remake]] of the series with [[Online game|online capabilities]]—and ''[[.hack//G.U.]]'', another video game trilogy which was released for the PlayStation 2 between 2006 and 2007. A remastered collection of the latter was released for the [[PlayStation 4]] and [[Microsoft Windows]] in 2017, titled ''.hack//G.U. Last Recode''. The collection was later released on the [[Nintendo Switch]] on March 11, 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mobile.twitter.com/BandaiNamcoUS/status/1473669894143098883 |title=The World is returning!}}</ref>

==Gameplay==
[[File:Dothack gameplay.jpg|thumb|left|The player's party, consisting of Kite, BlackRose, and Wiseman, is battling a monster. The red reticle shows which enemy is currently being targeted. Players may attack in real time by pressing the X button.]]

''.hack'' simulates an MMORPG; players assume the role of a participant in a fictional game called ''The World''. The player controls the on-screen [[player character]] Kite from a third-person perspective but first-person mode is available. The player manually controls the viewing perspective using the game controller. Within the fictional game, players explore monster-infested fields and dungeons, and "Root Towns" that are free of combat. They can also log off from ''The World'' and return to a [[desktop environment|computer desktop]] interface which includes in-game e-mail, news, message boards, and desktop and background music customization options.<ref name="IGNVol1pre">{{cite web | author=Smith, David | date=2002-08-07 | title=.hack Infection Vol.1 | website=IGN | url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/367/367010p1.html | access-date=2010-06-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629133813/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/367/367010p1.html | archive-date=June 29, 2011 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The player may save the game to a [[memory card]] both from the desktop and within ''The World'' at a Save Shop. A Data Flag appears on the save file after the player completes the game, allowing the transfer of all aspects of the player character and party members to the next game in the series.<ref name="IGNVol2pre">{{cite web | author=Dunham, Jeremy | date=2003-03-19 | title=<nowiki>.hack//MUTATION</nowiki> (Part 2): First Impressions | website=IGN | url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/390/390018p1.html | access-date=2010-06-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629133851/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/390/390018p1.html | archive-date=June 29, 2011 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The series is typical of action role-playing games, in which players attack enemies in real time.<ref name="IGNp1"/> The game's action pauses whenever the menu is opened to select magic to cast, items to use, or skills to perform. The player directly controls Kite and the other characters are controlled by [[Artificial intelligence (video games)|artificial intelligence]]. The player may either provide the computer-controlled characters with guidelines ("attack", "first aid", "magic", etc.) or issue direct commands.<ref name="IGNVol1pre"/> Most hostile creatures are contained within magic portals and combat will not begin until the player character approaches the portal and releases the monsters inside.<ref name="IGNVol1pre"/> Kite possesses a unique ability called "Data Drain" which allows him to transform these enemies into rare items.<ref name="GSPre1">{{cite web | author=Torres, Ricardo | date=2002-12-03 | title=.hack infection part 1 Preview | work=GameSpot | publisher=CBS Interactive | url=http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/rpg/hackpart1infection/news.html?sid=2899191&mode=previews | access-date=2010-06-29 | archive-date=December 26, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226080830/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/hack-infection-part-1-preview/1100-2899191/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Many [[boss (video gaming)|boss]] monsters are known as "Data Bugs"—enemies with corrupted data which gives them infinite [[health (gaming)|health]]. Data Drain is used to repair the damaged monsters' data and render them vulnerable<ref name="data bug"/> but its use increases Kite's level of infection, randomly causing harmful side effects. The infection can be cured by defeating enemies without Data Drain.<ref>{{cite book |title=<nowiki>.hack//Infection</nowiki> North American instruction manual |year=2002|publisher=Bandai Games|page=14}}</ref>

Root Towns are non-combat areas of ''The World'' where the player may restock items, buy equipment, or chat and trade with other players of ''The World''.<ref name="IGNp1"/> In many towns, the player may also raise a sentient, pig-like creature called a Grunty, which can be ridden in fields and in later games raced for prizes. A blue portal called the Chaos Gate is used to travel between towns (called "servers") and to access the fields and dungeons where battles occur. A three-word [[password (video gaming)|password system]] controls the characteristics of each area; attributes such as the prevalence of monsters or items change depending on the properties of each word in the password phrase.<ref name="IGNVol1pre"/> Certain plot-related areas have restricted access, but the player character has an ability called "Gate Hacking" which allows him to access these areas using "Virus Cores" obtained through Data Drain.<ref name="IGNp1"/>

==Plot==

===Setting===
The ''.hack'' games are set in an alternate history Earth, in the year 2010. After a [[computer virus]] called "Pluto's Kiss" crashes nearly every computer in the world, access to the Internet is closed to the general public to address security concerns.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Mutation</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-05-07 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''News:''' The end of this year marks five years since "Pluto's Kiss," the network crisis that nearly destroyed the world.}}</ref> After two years without the Internet and online games, a [[MMORPG]] called ''The World'' is released.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Infection</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-02-11 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''News:''' BANDAI also announced that it will be compatible with the current key network OS, "ALTIMIT," and the device will also act as an internet terminal as well. According to company officials, CC Corporation's popular online game "The World" is slated to be one of the launch titles.}}</ref> It becomes the most popular online game of all time with over 20 million unique players.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Infection</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-02-11 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''NoNo:''' 'The World' has sold over 20 million copies worldwide!}}</ref><ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Infection</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-02-11 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''News:''' ["The World"] is currently being submitted to the Guinness Book of World Records as the "Highest Selling Game in History."}}</ref> Shortly before the events portrayed in the ''.hack'' games, a number of users become comatose as a result of playing ''The World''.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Infection</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-02-11 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''News:''' Two high school students in Kanazawa City of Ishikawa prefecture were found unconscious in their clubroom. One has regained consciousness at the hospital, but the other, Tomonari Kasumi, is still in a coma.}}</ref> However, the developers blame their condition on [[cyberterrorism]].<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Outbreak</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-09-03 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''News:''' CC Corporation said in a press conference today that comas caused while playing the online game, "The World," were  result of hackers and not a flaw in "The World" itself.}}</ref>

''The World'' was developed by a German programmer named Harald Hoerwick; its backstory is based on the ''Epitaph of Twilight'', an epic poem by Emma Wielant. Her death inspired Hoerwick to create the game. Elements of the poem are coded into the game's programming.<ref>{{cite video |date=2004-01-14 |title=<nowiki>.hack//Liminality</nowiki> Vol. 4 |medium=DVD |publisher=Bandai |quote='''Easter egg:''' In the "Epitaph of Twilight," the one who will destroy the world is depicted as the Cursed Wave, or the Abominable Wave. / ... / In the game, a ripple-like shockwave is emitted by the Eight Phases of Morganna... Based on these events, Wiseman began to refer to the Eight Phases as the Cursed Wave.}}</ref> The hidden purpose of Hoerwick's game is to develop the [[artificial general intelligence|ultimate artificial intelligence]] (AI), which is capable of making decisions for itself.<ref>{{cite video |date=2004-01-14 |title=<nowiki>.hack//Liminality</nowiki> Vol. 4 |medium=DVD |publisher=Bandai |quote='''Easter egg:''' Harald wanted to create the Ultimate AI, but could not find a company that would sponsor his project. He eventually decided to create Morganna, a self-evolving limited AI disguised as a game system that would learn and grow, eventually giving birth to the ultimate AI.}}</ref> To this end, Hoerwick inserted functions into the system which monitor and extract behavioral data from millions of the game's players to aid in the AI's learning process. After Hoerwick's death, these pieces of code became [[black box]]es to the current developers, who cannot fathom their purpose, yet are critical to the proper functioning of the game.<ref>{{cite video |date=2004-01-14 |title=<nowiki>.hack//Liminality</nowiki> Vol. 4 |medium=DVD |publisher=Bandai |quote='''Easter egg:''' Black boxes, mysterious portions of the program that function autonomously, have baffled CC Corp. developers.}}</ref>

===Characters===
{{main|List of .hack characters{{!}}List of ''.hack'' characters}}

The main [[protagonist]] of ''.hack'' is Kite, a new player of ''The World'' whose friend Orca becomes comatose under mysterious circumstances.<ref name="IGNVol1pre"/> Kite is joined by nearly twenty other players in his quest to solve the mystery of the coma victims. The players who have the greatest impact on the success of Kite's mission are BlackRose, a fellow [[newbie]] to ''The World'' whose brother is also in a coma; Balmung, a legendary player who seeks to eliminate sources of corruption in the game he loves; and Wiseman, an information broker who becomes a key strategist for Kite's team. Helba, a professional [[Hacker (computer security)|hacker]], and Lios, a reluctant [[system administrator]], also aid in Kite's efforts to rescue the coma victims. Two non-human characters play important roles in the story: Aura seeks to complete her growth into the ultimate AI, while Morganna, an AI who rebels against her task of nurturing Aura, acts as the unseen primary antagonist.

===Story===
In ''.hack//Infection'', Kite's friend Orca invites him to play ''The World''. In the first dungeon they visit, they encounter a girl in white, Aura, being chased by a humanoid monster. Aura tries to entrust Orca with an item called "the Book of Twilight", but the monster attacks him, crashing ''The World''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s servers. Kite's player discovers that Yasuhiko, Orca's player, has fallen [[coma]]tose after the attack, and resolves to discover the cause.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Infection</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-02-11 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Kite:''' The next day, I found out that Yasuhiko had been hospitalized.}}</ref> Kite meets BlackRose, who takes him to a [[cathedral]] where they are attacked by a headless swordsman. The legendary player Balmung appears and defeats it, but the monster revives itself as a Data Bug.<ref name="data bug">{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Infection</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-02-11 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Balmung:''' It's a bug from a computer virus. The virus is rewriting the data. It has a HP that is – infinite.}}</ref> The Book of Twilight then activates, altering Kite's character data and giving him the Twilight Bracelet. He uses its Data Drain to correct the swordsman's code, allowing Balmung to kill it. Balmung accuses Kite of causing the viral infection spreading through the game, and leaves.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Infection</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-02-11 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Balmung:''' That skill... You are the same as the virus.}}</ref> Kite and BlackRose decide to cooperate to help the coma victims. After investigating a number of leads, Kite and BlackRose track down Skeith, the creature that put Orca into a coma. They defeat Skeith. The remnants of Skeith attracts a much larger enemy named Cubia, which defeats Kite and his party. Helba then drives Cubia away.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Mutation</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-05-07 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Helba:''' With the help of the bracelet, [Kite] and his party succeeded in destroying Skeith.}}</ref>

In ''.hack//Mutation'', Kite and BlackRose encounter system administrator Lios, who declares Kite's bracelet to be an illegal hack.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Mutation</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-05-07 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Lios:''' [Installation of an illegal effect] requires that you delete your character.}}</ref> He tries to delete Kite's character data, but fails due to Kite's data being encrypted by the Book of Twilight. Helba intervenes, and convinces Lios to observe Kite for the time being.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Mutation</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-05-07 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Helba:''' Silencing is not the only means of control. Why don't you observe them for a little while longer?}}</ref> Lios directs them to an area where they find Innis, a monster with powers similar to Skeith's. Upon defeating Innis, Kite receives an e-mail from Aura, who reveals that she is an AI. They travel to an area to meet her; but Cubia attacks them, and they repel the monster with difficulty.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Mutation</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-05-07 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Helba:''' You defeated Cubia. I'm impressed.}}</ref> Short on leads, they contact Wiseman, who is intrigued by Kite's bracelet. He suggests that Skeith and Innis are based on the "Cursed Wave", an antagonistic force featured in the poem ''Epitaph of Twilight'', upon which ''The World'' is based. Wiseman helps grant them access to Net Slum, a place known as a paradise for hackers and wandering AIs. Upon arrival, another Cursed Wave monster called Magus attacks them. They defeat it and return to the Root Town, where they discover that the computer virus has spread to ''The World''{{'s}} main servers and into the real world.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Outbreak</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-09-03 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Helba:''' [Kite] and his party defeated Skeith, Innis, and Magus. Yet, in spite of their triumph, the situation only worsens.}}</ref><ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Quarantine</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2004-01-14 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Helba:''' Casualties are no longer contained in the game and the damages extend to the real world.}}</ref>

In ''.hack//Outbreak'', Balmung realizes that he cannot end the situation on his own, and joins Kite's quest.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Outbreak</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-09-03 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Kite:''' But... it's really not something I can accomplish alone. Could you lend me a hand? / '''Balmung:''' You're... Of course!}}</ref> BlackRose tells Kite that her brother became comatose under similar circumstances as Orca, which renews both characters' determination.<ref name="kazu">{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Outbreak</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-09-03 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''BlackRose:''' Do you want to know something? My brother fell unconscious here.}}</ref> Wiseman formulates a plan to combat the Cursed Wave, enlisting Helba's assistance. Their teamwork destroys the Wave monster Fidchell, but the aftermath causes networks in the real world to malfunction.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Outbreak</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-09-03 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Kite:''' The virus refused to remain in "The World" and began flooding our territory – the real world.}}</ref> Aura contacts Kite again, but their meeting is cut short by Cubia's reappearance. Lios, observing Cubia's power, agrees to join Kite, Helba, and the others to combat the Cursed Wave.<ref name="lios">{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Outbreak</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-09-03 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Lios:''' I'll keep my promise. I will help you.}}</ref> In the resulting operation, the team pools their resources to defeat another Wave monster called Gorre, with no repercussions in the real world.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Outbreak</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2003-09-03 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Lios:''' All appears to have gone well. An investigation will still be needed, but... I guess you've succeeded for now.}}</ref>

''.hack//Quarantine'' sees the current server becoming increasingly unstable. To fix the problem, Helba replaces it with a copy of the Net Slum.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Quarantine</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2004-01-14 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Kite:''' Net Slum? / '''Helba:''' It's a mirror of Ω server... which is mine.}}</ref> At the bottom of a dungeon, Kite encounters Mia, a member of his party. He discovers that Mia is actually another Cursed Wave monster named Macha, whom he reluctantly defeats.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Quarantine</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2004-01-14 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Mia:''' I only exist in "The World."}}</ref> Meanwhile, Cubia grows stronger, and Kite's team barely fends off its latest attack. In contrast, Operation Orca is a success as they destroy Tarvos, the next Wave monster. Kite seeks the advice of Harald Hoerwick, the creator of the game who survives beyond death through his AI incarnations. Aura appears and hints that Cubia is the "shadow" of Kite's Twilight Bracelet.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Quarantine</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2004-01-14 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Aura:''' Cubia is the shadow. When there is light burning in the darkness, a shadow is born. When the bracelet appeared in this world, Cubia was born as well.}}</ref> Cubia ambushes them and destroys the AI Harald. In their final battle, Kite recalls Aura's hint and has BlackRose destroy the bracelet, causing Cubia to fade away. Without the bracelet, the final Wave member, Corbenik, ambushes the party in Net Slum Root Town. With the aid of the spirits of the coma victims, Kite penetrates Corbenik's barrier. Aura sacrifices herself to end the battle, restoring the network to normal and reviving all the coma victims.<ref>{{cite video game|title=<nowiki>.hack//Quarantine</nowiki> |developer=CyberConnect2 |publisher=Bandai |date=2004-01-14 |platform=PlayStation 2|quote='''Balmung:''' She was born. Both her and Morganna... To be born, they may have had to die first.}}</ref>

==Development==
{{Timeline of release years
| range1 = 2002 –
| range1_color = #182580 #b9c0f2
| 2002a = ''[[.hack//INFECTION - Part 1]]'' (PS2)
| 2002b = ''[[.hack//MUTATION - Part 2]]'' (PS2)
| 2002c = ''[[.hack//OUTBREAK - Part 3]]'' (PS2)
| 2003 = ''[[.hack//QUARANTINE - Part 4]]'' (PS2)
| 2005 = ''[[.hack//frägment]]'' (PS2/PC)
| 2006a = ''[[.hack//G.U. Vol. 1: Rebirth]]'' (PS2)
| 2006b = ''[[.hack//G.U. Vol. 2: Reminisce]]'' (PS2)
| 2007 = ''[[.hack//G.U. Vol. 3: Redemption]]'' (PS2)
| 2010 = ''[[.hack//Link]]'' (PSP)
| 2012 = ''[[.hack//Versus]]'' (PS3)
| 2017 = ''[[.hack//G.U. Last Recode]]'' (PS4/PC)
}}
Development for ''.hack'' began in early 2000 with the aim of shocking and surprising the player and creating a distinctive product.<ref name="CESA">{{cite web | year=2003 | title=CESA Game Awards 2002-2003 | publisher=Japan Game Awards | url=http://awards.cesa.or.jp/2003/prizelist/awards06/index.html | language=ja | access-date=2010-12-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726153020/http://awards.cesa.or.jp/2003/prizelist/awards06/index.html | archive-date=July 26, 2011 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> CyberConnect2's president [[Hiroshi Matsuyama]] played a key role in developing the concept for the series. A number of core ideas, including "slaying dragons or being a thief in London" were explored, but these were rejected in favor of an "offline/online game".<ref name="Piros1">{{cite web|date=2003-05-16 |title=E3 2003: .hack Interview |website=IGN |url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/403/403483p1.html |access-date=2010-06-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231092204/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/403/403483p1.html |archive-date=December 31, 2006 }}</ref> Matsuyama said that this would give young gamers an opportunity to experience online play without paying monthly fees or needing powerful Internet connections.<ref name="Piros1"/> The developers looked at a number of MMORPGs such as ''[[Phantasy Star Online]]'', ''[[Ultima Online]]'', and ''[[Final Fantasy XI]]'' for inspiration, and drew influences from the prior works of character designer [[Yoshiyuki Sadamoto]] (''[[Neon Genesis Evangelion]]'') and scenario writer [[Kazunori Itō]] (''[[Ghost in the Shell]]'').<ref name="Piros1"/> Itō noted that casting the player into the role of a subscriber of ''The World'' creates a unique story-telling situation which draws the player deeper into the plot.<ref>{{cite web | author=Hunatsu, Minoru | date=2002-01-24 | title=バンダイ、ネット世界を中心に展開する壮大なRPG「.hack 感染拡大 Vol.1」、アニメDVDを同梱 | publisher=Game Watch | url=http://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20020124/hack.htm | language=ja | access-date=2010-12-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009054305/http://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20020124/hack.htm | archive-date=October 9, 2012 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

From the start of its development, ''.hack'' was envisioned as a four-part series intended to mirror the four-volume story arcs found in [[manga]].<ref name="Piros1"/> Matsuyama theorized that the act of transferring saved data across the four volumes would help to create a sense of the human drama embodied by the games' story and invest the player into the narrative.<ref name="network">{{cite web | author=Hunatsu, Minoru | date=2002-05-20 | title=ネットワークゲームを舞台にした壮大なオフラインRPGバンダイ「.hack//感染拡大 Vol.1」をイベントで紹介 | publisher=Game Watch | url=http://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20020520/bandai.htm | language=ja | access-date=2010-12-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009054657/http://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20020520/bandai.htm | archive-date=October 9, 2012 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The games were developed simultaneously alongside other elements of ''Project .hack'' such as ''[[.hack//Sign]]'' to emphasize the multimedia aspect of the franchise.<ref name="Piros1"/><ref name="network"/> The three-month gap between each game's release allowed the developers to make minor changes in response to criticisms.<ref name="CESA"/> The games were packaged with bonus DVDs featuring episodes of ''[[.hack//Liminality]]'', an original video animation (OVA) series that depicts events that occur concurrently with the games.<ref>{{cite web | author=Smith, David | date=2002-12-12 | title=.hack American Titles | website=IGN | url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/380/380116p1.html | access-date=2010-06-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629133824/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/380/380116p1.html | archive-date=June 29, 2011 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The developers intended the OVA series to depict fictional events happening in the real world outside the game.<ref>{{cite web | author=Conrad, Jeremy | date=2003-02-10 | title=<nowiki>.hack//Liminality</nowiki> - Vol. 1 In the Case of Mai Minase | website=IGN | url=http://dvd.ign.com/articles/385/385585p1.html | access-date=2010-07-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908154435/http://dvd.ign.com/articles/385/385585p1.html | archive-date=September 8, 2010 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Players in Japan who purchased all four games were rewarded with ''.hack//Gift'', an OVA parodying the ''.hack'' series.<ref>{{cite web | date=2003-03-29 | title=裏話が次々と披露！ 「.hack//感謝拡大」開催！ | publisher=Softbank Publishing | url=http://gamez.itmedia.co.jp/games/gsnews/0303/29/news02.html | language=ja | access-date=2010-12-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721222510/http://gamez.itmedia.co.jp/games/gsnews/0303/29/news02.html | archive-date=July 21, 2011 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> After the completion of the series, the development team produced ''[[#.hack//frägment|.hack//frägment]]'', a game using the same [[game engine|engine]] as the ''.hack'' series with an online multiplayer component.<ref name="fragment"/> The aims of ''[[#.hack//frägment|.hack//frägment]]'' were to allow the developers to watch player interactions in an online environment and to gauge interest in an online ''.hack'' game.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://latestechnews.net/clash-royale-hack/ |title=online ''.hack'' game |access-date=June 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218034715/http://latestechnews.net/clash-royale-hack/ |archive-date=February 18, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="GU"/>

==Reception==
{{Video game series reviews
| gr = no
| game1 = Infection
| mc1 = 75/100<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/-hack-infection-part-1/critic-reviews/?platform=playstation-2 |title=<nowiki>.hack//Infection</nowiki> Part 1 for PlayStation 2 Reviews |work=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=2018-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006180217/https://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-2/hackinfection-part-1 |archive-date=October 6, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
| game2 = Mutation
| mc2 = 76/100<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/-hack-mutation-part-2/critic-reviews/?platform=playstation-2 |title=<nowiki>.hack//Mutation</nowiki> Part 2 for PlayStation 2 Reviews |work=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=2018-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108231724/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-2/hackmutation-part-2 |archive-date=January 8, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
| game3 = Outbreak
| mc3 = 70/100<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/-hack-outbreak-part-3/critic-reviews/?platform=playstation-2 |title=<nowiki>.hack//Outbreak</nowiki> Part 3 for PlayStation 2 Reviews |work=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=2018-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006180223/https://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-2/hackoutbreak-part-3 |archive-date=October 6, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
| game4 = Quarantine
 |mc4 = 70/100<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/game/-hack-quarantine-part-4/critic-reviews/?platform=playstation-2 |title=<nowiki>.hack//Quarantine</nowiki> Part 4 for PlayStation 2 Reviews |work=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=2018-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006180221/https://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-2/hackquarantine-part-4 |archive-date=October 6, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
}}

By April 2004, the games had sold {{nowrap|1 million}} units in Japan and the United States.<ref>{{cite book |title=Fact Book 2021 |date=2021 |publisher=[[Bandai Namco Group]] |page=24 |url=https://www.bandainamco.co.jp/cgi-bin/releases/index.cgi/file/view/10492?entry_id=7280 |access-date=2 October 2021 |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019230136/https://www.bandainamco.co.jp/cgi-bin/releases/index.cgi/file/view/10492?entry_id=7280 |url-status=dead }}</ref> By March 2004, sales of the ''.hack'' games exceeded 1.73&nbsp;million, with 780,000&nbsp;copies sold in Japan.<ref name="sales">{{cite web | title=Bandai Press Release | publisher=Bandai | url=http://www.bandai.co.jp/releases/images/3/21664.pdf | language=ja | access-date=2010-12-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723201708/http://www.bandai.co.jp/releases/images/3/21664.pdf | archive-date=July 23, 2011 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Critics gave the series mixed reviews. ''.hack//Infection'' received the most positive reviews of the series; critics were intrigued by the games' unique premise. Jeremy Dunham of [[IGN]] was impressed by the game's commitment to preserve the illusion of online and praised the character designs and the inclusion of the Japanese voice track, but criticized the camera manipulation and the game's shortness and lack of difficulty.<ref name="IGNp1">{{cite web | author=Dunham, Jeremy | date=2003-02-10 | title=<nowiki>.hack//INFECTION</nowiki> (Part 1) Review | website=IGN | url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/385/385577p1.html | access-date=2010-06-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318025530/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/385/385577p1.html | archive-date=March 18, 2011 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> A ''[[Game Informer]]'' reviewer praised the way it captures the sense of community that a real MMORPG offers.<ref>{{cite news | magazine=Game Informer | date=March 2003 | title=.hack Infection Review | publisher = GameStop | page=82}}</ref>

Many reviewers cited the game's unusual setting as the counterbalance to the mediocre gameplay, repetitive environments and poor camera control.<ref>{{cite news | magazine=Edge | date=April 2004 | title=.hack Infection Review | publisher = Future Publishing | page=108}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | magazine=GamesTM | date=March 2004 | title=.hack Infection Review | publisher = Imagine Publishing| page=104}}</ref> Overall, the first game was moderately well received, with reviewers overlooking gameplay flaws because of a compelling story.<ref>{{cite news | magazine=Electronic Gaming Monthly | date=February 2003 | title=.hack Infection Review | publisher = EGM| page=138}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | magazine=GMR | date=March 2003 | title=.hack Infection Review | publisher = Ziff Davis | page=58}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | magazine=Play | date=April 2003 | title=.hack Infection Review | publisher = Fusion Publishing| page=62}}</ref> Christian Nutt of [[GameSpy]] awarded if four stars out of five and commended Bandai for breaking new ground and Cyber Connect 2 for providing an engrossing RPG experience.<ref>{{cite web |author=Nutt, Christian |url=http://ps2.gamespy.com/playstation-2/hackinfection-part-1/497745p1.html |title=<nowiki>.hack//Infection</nowiki> Review |publisher=GameSpy |date=2003-02-21 |access-date=2012-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021102939/http://ps2.gamespy.com/playstation-2/hackinfection-part-1/497745p1.html |archive-date=October 21, 2012 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Gary Steinman of ''[[Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine]]'' wrote, "[a]t its core, ''.hack'' is not a good game", calling the battle systems "wildly unbalanced" and the graphics "spectacularly underwhelming", but said the "mind-bending" story allowed him to look past its obvious flaws and anticipate future games in the series.<ref name="OPM">{{cite news|author=Steinman, Gary |magazine=[[Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine]] |date=February 2003 |title=.hack Infection Review |page=100 |publisher=Ziff Davis |url=http://www.1up.com/do/reviewPage?cId=3055022&p=2 |access-date=2010-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040624194556/http://www.playstationmagazine.com/article2/0%2C2053%2C1496923%2C00.asp |archive-date=June 24, 2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Greg Kasavin]] of [[GameSpot]] was less forgiving, deriding ''.hack//Infection'' as a sub-par version of ''[[Kingdom Hearts (video game)|Kingdom Hearts]]''.<ref name="GSp1">{{cite web | author=Kasavin, Greg | date=2003-02-08 | title=<nowiki>.hack//Infection</nowiki> Part 1 Review | work=GameSpot | publisher=CBS Interactive | url=http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/rpg/hackpart1infection/review.html | access-date=2010-06-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903052306/http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/rpg/hackpart1infection/review.html | archive-date=September 3, 2009 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

''.hack//Mutation'' also received mixed reviews, and many critics complained that little was done to address the problems of its predecessor.<ref>{{cite news | magazine=Game Informer | date=July 2003 | title=.hack Mutation Review | publisher = GameStop| page=105}}</ref> Fennec Fox of Gamepro said that game, "is simply an extension of Infection", with "muddy graphics, questionable control, and a story concept that's just interesting enough to keep you going."<ref>{{cite web|author=Fennec Fox |title=<nowiki>.hack//Mutation</nowiki> Review |url=http://www.gamepro.com/sony/ps2/games/reviews/29230.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040315090435/http://www.gamepro.com/sony/ps2/games/reviews/29230.shtml |publisher=GamePro |archive-date=March 15, 2004 |date=8 May 2003 |access-date=28 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | magazine=Electronic Gaming Monthly | date=June 2003 | title=.hack Mutation Review | publisher = EGM| page=127}}</ref> Greg Kasavin of GameSpot gave it a rating of 6.7 out of 10 and wrote, "not only does it bring you exactly the same sort of repetitive hack-and-slash gameplay, but it's also similarly short and simple and once again offers little in the way of plot or character development."<ref name="GSp2">{{cite web | author=Kasavin, Greg | date=2003-05-05 | title=<nowiki>.hack//Mutation</nowiki> Part 2 Review | work=GameSpot | publisher=CBS Interactive | url=http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/rpg/hackpart2mutation/review.html | access-date=2010-06-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609110750/http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/rpg/hackpart2mutation/review.html | archive-date=June 9, 2010 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Nutt found the second game to be more addictive than the first, despite its numerous shortcomings such as obvious padding towards the end of the story. He praised the "mixture of cool story and viscerally engaging RPG gameplay", the accelerating story, gameplay progression and memorable boss battles.<ref>{{cite web |author=Nutt, Christian |url=http://ps2.gamespy.com/playstation-2/hackmutation-part-2/497707p1.html |title=<nowiki>.hack//Mutation</nowiki> Review |publisher=GameSpy |date=2003-05-05 |access-date=2012-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053415/http://ps2.gamespy.com/playstation-2/hackmutation-part-2/497707p1.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Other reviewers were encouraged by the MMORPG-oriented details that contribute to the game's presentation and built excitement for the future of the series.<ref>{{cite news | magazine=PlayStation Magazine | date=June 2003 | title=.hack Mutation Review | publisher = Future Publishing | page=30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | magazine=GMR | date=June 2003 | title=.hack Mutation Review | publisher = Ziff Davis | page=73}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | magazine=Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine | date=June 2003 | title=.hack Mutation Review | publisher = Ziff Davis | page=104}}</ref><ref name="IGNp2">{{cite web | author=Dunham, Jeremy | date=2003-05-05 | title=<nowiki>.hack//MUTATION</nowiki> (Part 2) Review | website=IGN | url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/400/400688p1.html | access-date=2010-06-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807071606/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/400/400688p1.html | archive-date=August 7, 2009 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> IGN also named ''.hack//Mutation'' as PlayStation&nbsp;2 Game of the Month for May 2003.<ref name="GOTM">{{cite web |date=2003-05-30 |title=Game of the Month: May 2003 |website=IGN |url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/421/421686p1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030607080917/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/421/421686p1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 7, 2003 |access-date=2010-06-29 }}</ref>

''.hack//Outbreak'' represented a shift in the critical reception of the series as reviewers grew tired of the incremental or nonexistent improvements between titles.<ref>{{cite news | magazine=GMR | date=October 2003 | title=.hack Outbreak Review | publisher = Ziff Davis| page=66}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | magazine=Electronic Gaming Monthly | date=October 2003 | title=.hack Outbreak Review | publisher = EGM| page=144}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | magazine=PlayStation Magazine | date=October 2003 | title=.hack Outbreak Review | publisher = Future Publishing| page=30}}</ref> Kasavin rated it 6.4 out of 10, and wrote that it "just doesn't make for a satisfying experience".<ref>{{cite web | author=Kasavin, Greg | date=2003-09-08 | title=<nowiki>.hack//Outbreak</nowiki> Part 3 Review | work=GameSpot | publisher=CBS Interactive | url=http://www.gamespot.com/-hack-outbreak-part-3/reviews/hack-part-3-outbreak-review-6074758/ | access-date=2012-08-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114155759/http://www.gamespot.com/-hack-outbreak-part-3/reviews/hack-part-3-outbreak-review-6074758/ | archive-date=November 14, 2012 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Dunham gave it an overall rating of 8.4 out of 10, praised the battle system and wrote that there had been a great improvement in the artificial intelligence of ally characters and enemies, although he was disappointed by the lack of any other changes.<ref name="IGNp3">{{cite web | author=Dunham, Jeremy | date=2003-09-09 | title=<nowiki>.hack//OUTBREAK</nowiki> (Part 3) Review | website=IGN | url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/437/437101p1.html | access-date=2010-06-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629134123/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/437/437101p1.html | archive-date=June 29, 2011 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Nutt awarded ''.hack//Outbreak'' three stars out of five, writing that the game's "extremely challenging enemies and lots of solo missions give the game an edge that keeps it from becoming boring". However, he criticized the four-part game structure, observing, "we are paying Bandai $200 for one game" and that "the extreme lack of improvements from volume to volume is&nbsp;...&nbsp;downright exploitative of the fans".<ref>{{cite web |author=Nutt, Christian |url=http://ps2.gamespy.com/playstation-2/hackoutbreak-part-3/497670p1.html |title=<nowiki>.hack//Outbreak</nowiki> Review |publisher=GameSpy |date=2003-09-09 |access-date=2012-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626065748/http://ps2.gamespy.com/playstation-2/hackoutbreak-part-3/497670p1.html |archive-date=June 26, 2008 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

Some critics called the final game, ''.hack//Quarantine'', a satisfying conclusion to a mediocre series,<ref>{{cite news | magazine=PlayStation Magazine | date=January 2004 | title=.hack Quarantine Review | publisher = Future Publishing | page=36}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | magazine=GamePro | date=January 2004 | title=.hack Quarantine Review | page=148}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | magazine=Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine | date=January 2004 | title=.hack Quarantine Review | publisher = Ziff Davis | page=132}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | magazine=Electronic Gaming Monthly | date=February 2004 | title=.hack Quarantine Review | publisher = EGM| page=122}}</ref> while others said it is a confusing mess of poor pacing and plot holes.<ref name="GSp4">{{cite web | author=Kasavin, Greg | date=2004-01-12 | title=<nowiki>.hack//Quarantine</nowiki> Part 4 Review | work=GameSpot | publisher=CBS Interactive | url=http://www.gamespot.com/-hack-quarantine-part-4/reviews/hack-part-4-quarantine-review-6086366/ | access-date=2012-08-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021105621/http://www.gamespot.com/-hack-quarantine-part-4/reviews/hack-part-4-quarantine-review-6086366/ | archive-date=October 21, 2012 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | magazine=Play | date=December 2003 | title=.hack Quarantine Review | publisher = Fusion Publishing | page=56}}</ref><ref name="Spyp4">{{cite web |author=Nutt, Christian |url=http://ps2.gamespy.com/playstation-2/hackquarantine-part-4/490558p1.html |title=<nowiki>.hack//Quarantine</nowiki> Review |publisher=GameSpy |date=3 February 2004 |access-date=28 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021113243/http://ps2.gamespy.com/playstation-2/hackquarantine-part-4/490558p1.html |archive-date=October 21, 2012 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Dunham awarded the game 8.3 out of 10 and called the plot twists "shocking and clever".<ref name="IGNp4">{{cite web | author=Dunham, Jeremy | date=2004-01-13 | title=<nowiki>.hack//QUARANTINE</nowiki> (Part 4) Review | website=IGN | url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/462/462425p1.html | access-date=2010-06-23 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217061828/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/462/462425p1.html | archive-date=February 17, 2010 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Kasavin rated it 6.1 out of 10 and wrote that, "[o]n its own merits, Quarantine isn't a bad game, and [loyal players] should find it to have a satisfying conclusion that, sure enough, leaves the possibility for further adventures in The World". He also called Bandai's decision to add 60 to 80 hours of padding to the game, split it into four full-priced products, and release these as a series disappointing.<ref name="GSp4"/> Nutt was similarly disappointed with the final game, awarding it two stars out of five. He wrote that the story was well-presented and excellent, but that it was only present in the game's first and last quarters. He was satisfied by the game's ending and loved its story, style, and characters, but grew tired of the game's "endless chains of chambers, these easily-defeated enemies, this total lack of strategy".<ref name="Spyp4"/> The ''Game Informer'' reviewer hoped to see a more effective implementation of ''.hack''{{'}}s concept in the future.<ref>{{cite news | magazine=Game Informer | date=February 2004 | title=.hack Quarantine Review | publisher = GameStop| page=103}}</ref> Japanese magazine ''[[Famitsu|Famitsu Weekly]]'' gave the ''.hack'' games scores in the 29 to 30 out of 40 range, indicating average reviews. However, the Japanese [[Computer Entertainment Supplier's Association]] (CESA) honored the series for its combination of different fictional media including games, anime, radio, and manga into a compelling whole at the 2002–2003 [[Japan Game Awards|CESA Awards]].<ref name="CESA"/>

==Related media and legacy==
The ''.hack'' video games are part of a multimedia franchise that includes novels, [[manga]], and [[anime]] series. Set before the events of the video games, ''.hack//Sign'' is an anime television series that establishes ''The World'' as a setting. ''.hack//Another Birth'' is a series of novels that retells the story of the games from BlackRose's perspective.<ref>{{Cite book |isbn=1598164473 |title=<nowiki>.hack//: Another Birth,</nowiki> Vol. 1 |year=2006 |publisher=Amazon |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/hackanotherbirth0000kawa }}</ref> ''.hack//XXXX'' is a manga adaptation of the games' story with changes to some elements, such as Cubia acting as a player character.<ref>{{Cite book|title=<nowiki>.hack//XXXX</nowiki> Volume 2 | date=September 16, 2008| publisher=Amazon|isbn=978-1427809322 }}</ref> The first official sequel to the games is the manga and anime series ''[[.hack//Legend of the Twilight]]'', which began serializing on July 30, 2002. It tells the story of Shugo and Rena—regular players who win avatars of Kite and BlackRose in a contest—and their exploration of ''The World'' and its secrets.<ref>{{cite web | date=2003-05-28 | title=New Tokyopop Manga Release Details | publisher=Anime News Network | url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2003-05-28/new-tokyopop-manga-release-details | access-date=2012-07-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214202609/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2003-05-28/new-tokyopop-manga-release-details | archive-date=February 14, 2008 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> ''[[.hack//G.U.]]'' is a series of video games also released in multiple parts that forms the centerpiece of ''.hack Conglomerate'', a new project set seven years after the events of ''Project .hack'' with a new version of ''The World''.<ref name="GU">{{cite web | author=Sanders, Kathleen | date=2006-09-05 | title=<nowiki>.hack//G.U.</nowiki> Grows Up | website=IGN | url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/730/730212p1.html | access-date=2010-07-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629134145/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/730/730212p1.html | archive-date=June 29, 2011 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>

===Music===
{{Infobox album
| name       = .hack//Game Music Perfect Collection
| type       = soundtrack
| artist     = [[Chikayo Fukuda]]
| cover      = blank <!-- fair use doesn't apply to internal infoboxes -->
| caption    =
| alt        =
| released   = {{vgrelease |JP|April 23, 2003|NA|March 16, 2004}}
| recorded   =
| venue      =
| studio     =
| genre      = [[Video game music|Video game soundtrack]]
| length     = Disc 1: 68:50<br />Disc 2: 71:27<br />{{vgrelease|NA|69:08}}
| label      = {{vgrelease |JP|[[Victor Entertainment]]}}
| producer   =
| prev_title =
| prev_year  =
| next_title =
| next_year  =
}}
The games' soundtrack, titled ''.hack//Game Music Perfect Collection'', was released as a double album in Japan on April 23, 2003.<ref name="PerfectRPGF">{{cite web | author=Gann, Patrick | title=<nowiki>.hack//Game</nowiki> Music Perfect Collection | publisher=RPGFan | url=http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/hack-gmpc/index.html | access-date=2010-08-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818183049/http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/hack-gmpc/index.html | archive-date=August 18, 2010 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> It features 68&nbsp;compositions by Chikayo Fukuda, Seizo Nakata, and Norikatsu Fukuda. A special edition of this soundtrack includes a third disc featuring sound effects and clips used in the games.<ref name="PerfectRPGF"/> The album was released with fewer tracks in North America as ''.hack//Game Music Best Collection''.<ref name="BestRPGF">{{cite web | author=Gann, Patrick | title=<nowiki>.hack//Game</nowiki> Music Best Collection | publisher=RPGFan | url=http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/hack-gmbc/index.html | access-date=2010-08-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825191353/http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/hack-gmbc/index.html | archive-date=August 25, 2010 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Patrick Gann of RPGFan wrote that the second disc, which contains music for cutscenes and special events, was stronger than the first disc's generic town and battle themes. He called the soundtrack "techno meets opera", singled out the volume intro tracks for particular praise.<ref name="PerfectRPGF"/> Gann noted that the North American release functions as a "Best of" album, but felt that "a lot of solid music [is] missing" in this release.<ref name="BestRPGF"/> Other reviewers were less enthusiastic; Paul Koehler of RPGamer called the music "particularly bland" and IGN's Dunham lamented that the second installment did not introduce many new pieces.<ref name="IGNp2"/><ref>{{cite web | author=Koehler, Paul | title=A Brief Glimpse of "The World" | publisher=RPGamer | url=http://www.rpgamer.com/games/hack/hack/reviews/hackstrev1.html | access-date=2010-08-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118004314/http://www.rpgamer.com/games/hack/hack/reviews/hackstrev1.html | archive-date=January 18, 2010 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> However, he concluded that "the melodious piano and oboe themes were still brawny enough to convince us that we needed to buy the soundtrack sometime in the near future".<ref name="IGNp2"/>

'''''.hack//Game Music Perfect Collection'''''
{{Track listing
| headline = Disc 1
| title1 = Title
| length1 = 0:47
| title2 = Desktop
| length2 = 1:41
| title3 = "The World" Top Page
| length3 = 1:32
| title4 = Δ Server Aqua Capital Mac Anu
| length4 = 2:14
| title5 = Θ Server Highland City Dun Loireag
| length5 = 2:24
| title6 = Λ Server Cultural City Carmina Gadelica
| length6 = 2:07
| title7 = Σ Server Aerial City Fort Ouph
| length7 = 2:10
| title8 = Ω Server Relic City Lia Fail
| length8 = 1:49
| title9 = Puchiguso Farm
| length9 = 1:24
| title10 = Prairie Rain Field Normal ~ Battle
| length10 = 2:22
| title11 = Wasteland Field Normal ~ Battle
| length11 = 2:37
| title12 = Earth Field Normal ~ Battle
| length12 = 2:09
| title13 = Wilderness Field Normal ~ Battle
| length13 = 3:09
| title14 = Snowfield Night Field Normal ~ Battle
| length14 = 2:37
| title15 = Desert Field Normal ~ Battle
| length15 = 2:43
| title16 = Scorching Field Normal ~ Battle
| length16 = 2:15
| title17 = Forest Field Normal ~ Battle
| length17 = 2:32
| title18 = Stone Wall Dungeon Normal ~ Battle
| length18 = 2:41
| title19 = Cave Dungeon Normal ~ Battle
| length19 = 2:44
| title20 = Castle Dungeon Normal ~ Battle
| length20 = 2:18
| title21 = Flesh Wall Dungeon Battle
| length21 = 1:37
| title22 = Phase 1: Skeith
| length22 = 2:37
| title23 = Phase 2: Innis
| length23 = 2:27
| title24 = Phase 3: Magus
| length24 = 2:21
| title25 = Phase 4: Fidchell
| length25 = 2:29
| title26 = Phase 5: Gorre
| length26 = 2:22
| title27 = Phase 6: Macha
| length27 = 2:37
| title28 = Phase 7: Tarvos
| length28 = 2:37
| title29 = Phase 8: Corbenik (Stage 1~2)
| length29 = 2:54
| title30 = Phase 8: Corbenik (Stage 3)
| length30 = 2:34
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Disc 2
| title1 = Vol. 1 Opening
| length1 = 1:33
| title2 = Aura's Theme
| length2 = 2:52
| title3 = BlackRose's Theme
| length3 = 1:59
| title4 = Hidden Forbidden Holy Ground
| length4 = 1:01
| title5 = First Time at the Holy Ground with BlackRose
| length5 = 1:51
| title6 = Balmung's Entry and the Virus Bug
| length6 = 2:11
| title7 = Mia's Theme
| length7 = 1:10
| title8 = Piros' Theme
| length8 = 1:32
| title9 = Cubia's Birth
| length9 = 1:28
| title10 = Vol 1. ~ Vol. 3 Staff Roll
| length10 = 4:04
| title11 = Airship Brigade
| length11 = 1:33
| title12 = 800 Significant Seasons Bonus Track: Panta
| length12 = 1:36
| title13 = Vol. 2 Opening
| length13 = 1:33
| title14 = Vol. 1 Recollection (Cubia's Birth)
| length14 = 1:14
| title15 = Lios ~ Helba
| length15 = 2:33
| title16 = Net Slum
| length16 = 1:41
| title17 = Aura and Cubia
| length17 = 0:53
| title18 = Cubia - Stages 1~3
| length18 = 2:20
| title19 = Inverted Castle City
| length19 = 1:31
| title20 = Inverted Castle City ~ Angolmore
| length20 = 1:17
| title21 = 800 Significant Seasons Bonus Track: Tempest
| length21 = 1:38
| title22 = Vol. 3 Opening
| length22 = 1:30
| title23 = Kite and Blackrose in Λ Town
| length23 = 1:36
| title24 = Sora and Skeith
| length24 = 0:56
| title25 = Puchiguso's Theme
| length25 = 1:32
| title26 = Puchiguso's Race Victory Melody
| length26 = 0:42
| title27 = Flying Creature
| length27 = 1:34
| title28 = 800 Significant Seasons Bonus Track: Cyan and Princess Teria
| length28 = 2:07
| title29 = Vol. 4 Opening
| length29 = 1:29
| title30 = Macha's Appearance
| length30 = 1:10
| title31 = Mia's Death
| length31 = 1:59
| title32 = Cubia Stage 4
| length32 = 2:15
| title33 = Drain Heart
| length33 = 2:52
| title34 = Ending
| length34 = 2:55
| title35 = Vol. 4 Staff Roll
| length35 = 3:11
| title36 = Recurring Illusions of Mia's Resurrection
| length36 = 3:14
| title37 = 800 Significant Seasons Bonus Track: Tail Concerto
| length37 = 2:30
| title38 = 800 Significant Seasons Bonus Track: .hack Mix
| length38 = 2:23
}}

'''''.hack//Game Music Best Collection'''''
{{Track listing
| title1 = Δ Server Aqua Capital Mac Anu
| length1 = 2:12
| title2 = Prairie Rain Field Normal ~ Battle
| length2 = 2:20
| title3 = Aura's Theme
| length3 = 2:49
| title4 = BlackRose's Theme
| length4 = 1:57
| title5 = Hidden Forbidden Holy Ground
| length5 = 0:59
| title6 = Balmung's Entry and the Virus Bug
| length6 = 2:09
| title7 = Mia's Theme
| length7 = 1:07
| title8 = Piros' Theme
| length8 = 1:30
| title9 = Θ Server Highland City Dun Loireag
| length9 = 2:22
| title10 = Phase 1: Skeith
| length10 = 2:35
| title11 = Vol. 1 Recollection (Cubia's Birth)
| length11 = 1:11
| title12 = Lios ~ Helba
| length12 = 2:30
| title13 = Phase 2: Innis
| length13 = 2:25
| title14 = Λ Server Cultural City Carmina Gadelica
| length14 = 2:04
| title15 = Forest Field Normal ~ Battle
| length15 = 2:29
| title16 = Net Slum
| length16 = 1:39
| title17 = Phase 3: Magus
| length17 = 2:18
| title18 = Σ Server Aerial City Fort Ouph
| length18 = 2:08
| title19 = Phase 4: Fidchell
| length19 = 2:26
| title20 = Puchiguso's Theme
| length20 = 1:29
| title21 = Phase 5: Gorre
| length21 = 2:20
| title22 = Macha's Appearance
| length22 = 1:09
| title23 = Phase 6: Macha
| length23 = 2:35
| title24 = Ω Server Relic City Lia Fail
| length24 = 1:46
| title25 = Cubia Stage 4
| length25 = 2:14
| title26 = Phase 7: Tarvos
| length26 = 2:34
| title27 = Phase 8: Corbenik (Stage 1~2)
| length27 = 2:51
| title28 = Drain Heart
| length28 = 2:48
| title29 = Ending
| length29 = 2:52
| title30 = Vol. 4 Staff Roll
| length30 = 3:09
| title31 = Recurring Illusions of Mia's Resurrection
| length31 = 3:10
}}

===''.hack//frägment''===
''.hack//frägment'' is a [[multiplayer online game]] based on the fictional MMORPG, ''The World''. It was released only in Japan on November&nbsp;23, 2005 and online service ended on January&nbsp;18, 2007, after being extended two months because of its popularity.<ref>{{cite web | date=2006-11-22 | script-title=ja:【重要】サービス終了のお知らせ | publisher=Bandai | url=http://www.hack.channel.or.jp/fragment/support/news/1122_news1.html | access-date=2010-12-12 | language=ja | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070117124843/http://www.hack.channel.or.jp/fragment/support/news/1122_news1.html | archive-date=2007-01-17}}</ref> ''Famitsu Weekly'' gave ''.hack//frägment'' a cumulative score of 29 out of 40 over four reviews, much like its reviews of the main series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamestats.com/objects/757/757459/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904112703/http://www.gamestats.com/objects/757/757459/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 4, 2012 |title=<nowiki>.hack//Fragment</nowiki> |work=GameStats |access-date=2010-12-12 }}</ref> The game was never released outside of Japan because it was only intended for a Japanese audience.<ref name="GU"/> The game uses a modified version of the engine used in the ''.hack'' video game series and thus its gameplay differs from those games in a few ways. Players explore areas and fight monsters in real time but the game does not pause when the menu is opened. Due to this change it is now possible to assign items, messages and skills to hotkeys like in many other online games. Players may still use the skill "Data Drain" to weaken monsters and collect rare items.<ref name="fragpv">{{cite video |title=<nowiki>.hack//fragment</nowiki> PV |url=http://www.hack.channel.or.jp/fragment/str.html |format=asx |language=ja |publisher=Bandai |access-date=2010-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331094632/http://www.hack.channel.or.jp/fragment/str.html |archive-date=March 31, 2010 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The user interface and control scheme are otherwise mostly unchanged.<ref name="fragpv"/>

Players may create their characters based on a number of preset body shapes and color schemes and may choose a [[character class|class]] (such as Wavemaster or Twin Blade), character name and bonus stat points. In online mode, players may enter a lobby and search for a maximum of two other players to join them on an adventure.<ref name="fragment">{{cite web | date=2005-06-29 | title=.hack Goes Online | website=IGN | url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/629/629887p1.html | access-date=2010-07-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501172621/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/629/629887p1.html | archive-date=May 1, 2010 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The game includes an expanded communication interface that allows players to chat, send e-mail, post to an in-game [[Bulletin Board System]], and receive server news updates.<ref>{{cite web | title=<nowiki>.hack//fragment</nowiki> Online 4 | publisher=Bandai | url=http://www.hack.channel.or.jp/fragment/online04.html | access-date=2010-07-02 | language=ja | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716233805/http://www.hack.channel.or.jp/fragment/online04.html | archive-date=July 16, 2011 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> It is possible to establish ad hoc chat rooms separate from the public-access ones. Guilds are permanent, exclusive chat rooms for members, and can also be used to set up a storefront to sell items to online players.<ref name="fragment"/>

In offline mode, players may use the same character that they use for online mode, and any skills, items and levels they gain will carry over into online mode. Players may invite or create characters from the ''.hack'' games, ''.hack//Sign'', and ''.hack//Legend of the Twilight'' into their party.<ref name="fragpv" /> The "story mode" of ''.hack//frägment'' is similar to that of the ''.hack'' games, though it does not feature any of the antagonists from the original games, and the scenario is an entirely non-canon what-if story.<ref name="fragpv" /><ref>{{Cite book |title=『.hack』手帳 2018 |publisher=[[Bandai Namco Entertainment]] |year=2018 |location=Japan |pages=179 |language=ja}}</ref>

Players may also install a companion program on their PC called "Area Server", which allows them to create fields and dungeons for players to visit online.<ref name="fragment" /> As players clear fields and dungeons on a user's Area Server, the Area Server gains experience points and levels. Once the server reaches a certain level, it is possible for custom areas to become "corrupted", much like in the events of the ''.hack'' games. Players can visit a corrupted area by breaking into it with virus cores obtained from using the Data Drain skill on enemies, and can defeat a data bug boss enemy at the bottom of the corrupted dungeon.<ref>{{cite web | title=<nowiki>.hack//fragment</nowiki> Online 3 | publisher=Bandai | url=http://www.hack.channel.or.jp/fragment/online03.html | access-date=2010-07-02 | language=ja | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716233812/http://www.hack.channel.or.jp/fragment/online03.html | archive-date=July 16, 2011 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Once the boss monster has been defeated, the area corruption is cleared.

Since the game's official online service was closed in 2007, a [[private server]] has been created by fans of the game,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home // Netslum // <nowiki>.hack//fragment</nowiki> private server |url=https://fragment.dothackers.org/ |access-date=2022-03-28 |website=fragment.dothackers.org}}</ref> along with a [[fan translation]] into English.<ref>{{cite web |title=tellipatch public releases - Netslum BBS |url=https://bbs.dothackers.org/viewtopic.php?t=80}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091128185240/http://www.dothack.com/ ''dot hack'' official site]
*[http://www.cyberconnect2.jp/hack/ ''Project .hack'' official site] {{in lang|ja}}

{{.hack}}
{{Franchises owned by Bandai Namco Holdings}}
{{CyberConnect2}}

[[Category:.hack video games| ]]
[[Category:Bandai Namco Entertainment franchises]]
[[Category:Action role-playing video games]]
[[Category:Fiction about artificial intelligence]]
[[Category:Video games about virtual reality]]
[[Category:PlayStation 2 games]]
[[Category:PlayStation 2-only games]]
[[Category:Video game franchises]]
[[Category:Video game franchises introduced in 2002]]
[[Category:Video games developed in Japan]]
[[Category:Massively multiplayer online role-playing games in fiction]]
[[Category:Video games set in 2010]]
[[Category:Video games using procedural generation]]
[[Category:Alternate history video games]]
[[Category:Alternate history anime and manga]]