View source for (148209) 2000 CR105

{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|(148209) 2000 CR|105}}}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
 | minorplanet    = yes
 | background     = #C2E0FF
 | image          = File:Planet_nine_15_etno2_2017.png
 | image_size     = 
 | caption        = {{mp|2000 CR|105}} is seen as a smaller orbit center left in red with hypothetical [[Planet Nine]] in green
 | name           = {{mp|(148209) 2000 CR|105}}
 | discovery_ref  = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/NumberedMPs.html |title=List of numbered minor planets |publisher=Harvard University |department=Center for Astronomy}}</ref>
 | discoverer     = [[Marc W. Buie]]
 | discovered     = 6 February 2000
 | alt_names      = {{mp|2000 CR|105}}
 | mp_category    = {{Hlist
  | [[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]]
  | E-[[Scattered disc object|SDO]]
  | ([[Detached object (astronomy)|detached object]])<ref name=Buie/>
  }}
 | orbit_ref      = <ref name=Buie/><ref name=jpldata/>
 | epoch          = 13&nbsp;January 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]]&nbsp;2457400.5)
 | aphelion       = {{Convert|411.62|AU|Tm|abbr=on|lk=on}} (Q)
 | perihelion     = {{Convert|44.286|AU|Tm|abbr=on}} (q)
 | semimajor      = {{Convert|227.95|AU|Tm|abbr=on}} (a)
 | eccentricity   = 0.80572 (e)
 | period         = {{ubl
  | 3441.69&nbsp;[[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1257076&nbsp;[[Julian year (astronomy)|d]])
  | 3305&nbsp;yr (barycentric)<ref name=barycenter/>
  }}
 | inclination    = 22.71773° (i)
 | asc_node       = 128.24627° (Ω)
 | arg_peri       = 317.219° (ω)
 | mean_anomaly   = 5.28267[[Degree (angle)|°]] (M)
 | avg_speed      = 1.63&nbsp;km/[[second|s]]
 | dimensions     = {{Ubl
  | 328&nbsp;km<ref name=BrownDP/>
  | 242&nbsp;km<ref name="tnolist"/>
  }}
 | rotation       = 
 | magnitude      = 23.8<ref name=AstDys/>
 | abs_magnitude  = 6.3<ref name=jpldata/>
 | spectral_type  = {{Ubl
  | [[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|Blue]]<ref name=BrownDP/>
  | [[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} {{val|0.771|0.082}}<ref name="Hainaut-2012" />
  | [[Asteroid color indices|V–R]] {{=}} {{val|0.509|0.048}}<ref name="Hainaut-2012" />
  }}
 | albedo         = 0.04 (expected)<ref name=BrownDP/>
 | single_temperature = ~ 19&nbsp;[[kelvin|K]]
 | mean_motion    = {{Deg2DMS|0.000286379|sup=ms}} / day (n)
 | observation_arc= 5547&nbsp;days (15.19&nbsp;yr)
 | earliest_precovery_date = 6 February 2000
 | uncertainty    = 2
}}
'''{{mp|(148209) 2000 CR|105}}''' is a [[trans-Neptunian object]] and the tenth-most-distant known object in the [[Solar System]] {{as of|2015|lc=y}}. Considered a [[detached object]],<ref name="Swiss">{{cite book |author1=Jewitt, David |author2=Morbidelli, Alessandro |author3=Rauer, Heike |year=2007 |title=Trans-Neptunian Objects and Comets |series=Saas-Fee Advanced Course |volume=35 |department=Swiss Society for Astrophysics and Astronomy |place=Berlin |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-71957-1 |page=86}}</ref><ref name="LykDyn">{{cite journal |author1=Lykawka, Patryk Sofia |author2=Mukai, Tadashi |date=July 2007 |title=Dynamical classification of trans-Neptunian objects: Probing their origin, evolution, and interrelation |journal=Icarus |volume=189 |issue=1 |pages=213–232 |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2007.01.001|bibcode=2007Icar..189..213L }}</ref> it orbits the [[Sun]] in a highly eccentric orbit every 3,305&nbsp;years at an average distance of 222&nbsp;[[astronomical unit]]s (AU).<ref name=jpldata/>

== Description ==
{{see also|List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun}}
[[Michael E. Brown|Mike Brown]]'s website lists it as a possible [[dwarf planet]] with a diameter of {{convert|328|km|mi}} based on an assumed [[Albedo#Astronomical albedo|albedo]] of 0.04&nbsp;.<ref name=BrownDP/> The albedo is expected to be low because the object has a [[Trans-Neptunian object#Colors|blue]] (neutral) color.<ref name=BrownDP /> However, if the albedo is higher, the object could easily be half that size.

{{mp|(148209) 2000 CR|105}} and [[90377 Sedna|Sedna]] differ from [[scattered disc|scattered-disc]] objects in that they are not within the gravitational influence of the planet [[Neptune]] even at their [[Apsis|perihelion]] distances (closest approaches to the Sun). It is something of a mystery as to how these objects came to be in their current, far-flung orbits. Several hypotheses have been put forward:
* They were pulled from their original positions by a [[List of nearest stars#Future and past|passing star]].<ref name=Kenyon>{{cite journal |first1=Scott J. |last1=Kenyon |first2=Benjamin C. |last2=Bromley |year=2004 |journal=Nature |volume=432 |issue=7017 |pages=598–602 |title=Stellar encounters as the origin of distant Solar System objects in highly eccentric orbits |arxiv=astro-ph/0412030 |doi=10.1038/nature03136 |bibcode=2004Natur.432..598K |pmid=15577903|s2cid=4427211 }}</ref><ref name=Morbidelli2004>
{{cite journal |first1=Alessandro |last1=Morbidelli |first2=Harold F. |last2=Levison |year=2004 |title=Scenarios for the Origin of the Orbits of the Trans-Neptunian Objects 2000 CR105 and 2003 VB12 (Sedna) |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=128 |issue=5 |pages=2564–2576 |arxiv=astro-ph/0403358 |bibcode=2004AJ....128.2564M |doi=10.1086/424617|s2cid=119486916 }}</ref>
* They were pulled from their original positions by a very distant, and as-yet-undiscovered (albeit unlikely), giant [[planet]].<ref name=Matese>{{cite journal <!-- |author1-link=John J. Matese --> |first1=John J. |last1=Matese <!-- |author2-link=Daniel P. Whitmire --> |first2=Daniel P. |last2=Whitmire |author3-link=Jack J. Lissauer |first3=Jack J. |last3=Lissauer |title=A wide-binary solar companion as a possible origin of Sedna-like objects |journal=Earth, Moon, and Planets |volume=97 |page=459 |year=2005}}</ref>
* They were pulled from their original positions by an undiscovered companion star orbiting the Sun such as [[Nemesis (hypothetical star)|Nemesis]].<ref name=Matese/>
* They were captured from another [[planetary system]] during a close encounter early in the Sun's history.<ref name=Kenyon/> According to Kenyon and Bromley, there is a 15% probability that a star like the Sun had an early close encounter and a 1% probability that outer planetary exchanges would have happened. {{mp|(148209) 2000 CR|105}} is estimated to be 2–3&nbsp;times more likely to be a captured planetary object than Sedna.<ref name=Kenyon/>

{{mp|(148209) 2000 CR|105}} is the first object discovered in the Solar System to have a [[semi-major axis]] exceeding 150&nbsp;AU, a perihelion beyond Neptune, and an [[argument of perihelion]] of {{Val|340|55|u=°}}.<ref name="jpl-search"/> It is one of eleven objects known with a semi-major axis greater than 100&nbsp;AU and perihelion beyond 42&nbsp;AU.<ref name=mpc-100/> It may be influenced by [[Planet Nine]].<ref name=findplanet9/>

== See also ==
* [[474640 Alicanto]]
* {{mpl|(87269) 2000 OO|67}}
* [[Clearing the neighbourhood]]
* [[Planets beyond Neptune]]
* [[List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun]]
* [[List of Solar System objects by greatest aphelion]]

== References ==
{{reflist|25em|refs=

<ref name=Buie>{{cite web |author=Marc W. Buie |author-link=Marc W. Buie |date=2006-12-21 |title=Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 148209 |publisher=SwRI (Space Science Department) |url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/148209.html |accessdate=2008-07-18 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=jpldata>{{cite web |title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 148209 (2000 CR105) |url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000CR105 |accessdate=11 April 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="tnolist">{{cite web |title=List of known trans-Neptunian objects |publisher=Johnston's Archive |url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html |accessdate=2014-04-05 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=AstDys>{{cite web
 |title=AstDys (148209) 2000CR105 Ephemerides 
 |publisher=Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy 
 |url=https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.0&n=2000CR105 
 |accessdate=2009-03-16 
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526231944/http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.0&n=2000CR105
 |archivedate=2011-05-26 |df=dmy-all
 |url-status=dead
}}</ref>

<ref name=BrownDP>{{cite web |title=How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system? (updates daily) |publisher=[[California Institute of Technology]] |first=Michael E. |last=Brown |author-link=Michael E. Brown |url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html |accessdate=2014-02-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018154917/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html |archivedate=2011-10-18 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=barycenter>{{cite web
  |collaboration=[[JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System]] output
  |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2000CR105
  |title=Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for 2000 CR105
  |accessdate=2016-01-25 |df=dmy-all}} (Ephemeris Type:Elements and Center:@0)</ref>

<ref name="jpl-search">{{cite web
  |title=JPL small-body database search engine: a > 150 (AU) and q > 30 (AU) 
  |publisher=[[JPL Solar System Dynamics]]
  |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb_query.cgi?obj_group=all;obj_kind=all;obj_numbered=all;OBJ_field=0;ORB_field=0;combine_mode=AND;c1_group=ORB;c1_item=Bh;c1_op=%3E;c1_value=150;c2_group=ORB;c2_item=Bi;c2_op=%3E;c2_value=30;table_format=HTML;max_rows=100;format_option=comp;c_fields=AcBhBgBjBkBlBiBnBsCjCpAiBq;.cgifields=format_option;.cgifields=ast_orbit_class;.cgifields=combine_mode;.cgifields=table_format;.cgifields=obj_kind;.cgifields=obj_group;.cgifields=obj_numbered;.cgifields=com_orbit_class&query=1&c_sort=AcD |accessdate=2014-04-09 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name=mpc-100>{{cite web
 |title=MPC list of a > 100 and q > 42 
 |url=http://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_by_properties?semimajor_axis_min=100&perihelion_distance_min=42
 |publisher=[[IAU Minor Planet Center]] 
 |accessdate=2017-07-24 |df=dmy-all
}}
</ref>

<ref name=findplanet9>{{cite web
  |url=http://www.findplanetnine.com/2016/02/why-i-believe-in-planet-nine.html
  |title=Why I believe in Planet Nine.
  |first=Mike |last=Brown |authorlink=Michael E. Brown
  |publisher=FindPlanetNine.com
  |date=2016-02-12 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

<ref name="Hainaut-2012">{{Cite journal
  |first1     = O.R. |last1 = Hainaut
  |first2     = H. |last2 = Boehnhardt
  |first3     = S. |last3 = Protopapa
  |date       = October 2012
  |title      = Colours of minor bodies in the outer solar system. II. A statistical analysis revisited
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012A&A...546A.115H
  |journal    = Astronomy and Astrophysics
  |volume     = 546
  |page       = 20
  |bibcode    = 2012A&A...546A.115H
  |doi        = 10.1051/0004-6361/201219566
  |arxiv      = 1209.1896
  |s2cid = 54776793
 |access-date= 26 September 2019}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of refs -->

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170628183453/http://www.astro.ubc.ca/people/gladman/cr105.html Orbit Determination of {{mp|2000 CR|105}}]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070427184732/http://www.heavens-above.com/solar-escape.asp Spacecraft escaping the Solar System] (Heavens-Above)
* World Book: [https://web.archive.org/web/20061109230334/http://www.worldbook.com/features/outerplanets/html/pluto_worlds.html Worlds Beyond Pluto]
* {{AstDys|148209}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Trans-Neptunian objects}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:2000 CR105}}
[[Category:Scattered disc and detached objects|148209]]
[[Category:Extreme trans-Neptunian objects|148209]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Marc Buie]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2000|20000206]]