Inku language

Template:Short description Template:Redirect-distinguish2 Template:Template other Inku is a Punjabi dialect, spoken, throughout Afghanistan by four of the country's itinerant communities: the Jalali, the Pikraj, the Shadibaz and the Vangawala. Itinerant communities in Afghanistan, whether Inku-speaking or not, are locally known as "Jats" (not to be confused with the Jats of India and Pakistan), a term which is not a self-designation of the groups but rather a collective, often pejorative name given by outsiders.Template:Sfn The reference work Ethnologue has an entry for what could be this language, but under the name Jakati (with the corresponding ISO 639-3 code jat), but that entry is at least partly erroneous.Template:Sfn

Each of the four groups speaks a variety with slight differences compared to the others.Template:Sfn According to their local tradition, their ancestors migrated in the 19th century from the Dera Ismail Khan and Dera Ghazi Khan regions of present-day Pakistan.Template:Sfn Such an origin suggests that Inku may be related to the Derawali dialect of Punjabi, spoken there,Template:Sfn though nothing is conclusively known.Template:Sfn

The total population of the four Inku-speaking groups was estimated to be 30,000 as of the end of the 2010.Template:Sfn There is no reliable information about their present state, though it is unlikely that many have survived the subsequent upheavals in the country,Template:Sfn and according to the entry in Ethnologue, which however may not necessarily refer to this language,Template:Sfn the last speakers "probably survived into the 2020s".Template:Sfn

Linguistic materials about the varieties spoken by the Shadibaz, Vangawala and Pikraj were collected by Aparna Rao in the 1970s, but they have not been published or analysed yet.Template:Sfn

Example text

The following is an extract of a text narrated in 1978 by a man of the Chenarkhel subgroup of the Vangawala:Template:Sfn Template:Interlinear