View source for Yining

{{Short description|County-level city in Xinjiang, China}}
{{Redirect|Kulja|other uses|Yining (disambiguation)|and|Kulja (disambiguation)}}
{{Use American English|date = March 2024}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                         = Yining
| native_name                  = {{native name|zh-Hans-CN|伊宁市}}<br/>{{native name|ug|غۇلجا}}<br/>{{native name|kk-Arab|قۇلجا}}
| other_name                   = Ghulja, Kulja, Ningyuan
| settlement_type              = [[County-level city]]
| pushpin_map                  = China Xinjiang Northern#Xinjiang#China
| pushpin_label_position       = 
| pushpin_map_caption          = Location in Xinjiang
| pushpin_mapsize              = 
| pushpin_relief = yes
| coordinates                  = {{coord|43.9080|N|81.2777|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-65_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
| coor_pinpoint = Yining municipal government
| image_skyline                = {{multiple image
  | total_width              = 300
  | border                   = infobox
  | perrow                   = 1/2/1
  | caption_align            = center
  | image1                   = Batul Mosque of Yining.jpg
  | alt1                     = 
  | caption1                 = {{ill|Batul Mosque|lt=|zh|拜图拉清真寺}}
  | image2                   = A house in the Liuxingjie Neighborhood.jpg
  | alt2                     = 
  | caption2                 = Liuxingjie Neighborhood
  | image3                   = 苏碧怡商厦 - panoramio.jpg
  | alt3                     = 
  | caption3                 = Downtown Yining
  | image4                   = Along the Ili River, Yining, Xinjiang 2020-10-03.jpg
  | alt4                     = 
  | caption4                 = [[Ili River]]
  }}
| imagesize                    = 
| image_alt                    = 
| image_caption                = 
| image_map                    =
| mapsize                      = 
| map_alt                      = 
| map_caption                  =
| image_map1                   = 
| mapsize1                     = 
| map_alt1                     = 
| map_caption1                 = 
| image_dot_map                = 
| dot_mapsize                  = 
| dot_map_base_alt             = 
| dot_map_alt                  = 
| dot_map_caption              = 
| dot_x                        = 
| dot_y                        = 
| coordinates_footnotes        = 
| subdivision_type             = Country
| subdivision_name             = China
| subdivision_type1            = [[Autonomous regions of China|Autonomous region]]
| subdivision_name1            = [[Xinjiang]]
| subdivision_type2            = [[Autonomous prefecture]]
| subdivision_name2            = [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture|Ili]]
| established_title            = 
| established_date             = 
| founder                      = 
| named_for                    = 
| seat_type                    = Municipal seat
| seat                         = [[Döngmehelle Subdistrict]]
| government_footnotes         = 
| government_type              = 
| leader_party                 = 
| leader_title                 = 
| leader_name                  = 
| leader_title1                = 
| leader_name1                 = 
| total_type                   = 
| unit_pref                    = 
| area_magnitude               = 
|area_urban_footnotes          = (2018)<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|title=Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition|last=Cox|first=W|publisher=Demographia|year=2018|location=St. Louis|pages=88}}</ref>
| area_total_km2               = 616.7
| area_land_km2                = 
| area_water_km2               = 
| area_water_percent           = 
| area_urban_km2               = 49
| elevation_footnotes          = 
| elevation_m                  = 
| elevation_ft                 = 
| population_footnotes         = <ref>{{cite web|title = Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties|url = http://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/xinjiang/admin/|access-date = }}</ref>
| population_total             = 778,047
| population_as_of             = 2020
| population_density_km2       = auto
| population_urban             = 345,000
| population_urban_footnotes   = &nbsp;(2018)<ref name="auto"/>
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_est               = 
| pop_est_as_of                = 
| population_note              = 
| timezone1                    = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]{{efn|Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe [[UTC+6]] ([[Xinjiang Time]]), 2 hours behind Beijing.}}
| utc_offset1                  = +8
| postal_code_type             = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
| postal_code                  = 835000
| area_code_type               = 
| area_code                    = 0999
| website                      = {{Official website|http://www.zgyn.gov.cn/}}
| footnotes                    = 
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|s = 伊宁
|t = 伊寧
|p = Yīníng
|w = {{tone superscript|I1-ning2}}
|c2 = 固勒扎
|p2 = Gùlèzhā
|w2 = {{tone superscript|Ku4-lê4-cha1}}
|altname3=Ningyuan
|s3=宁远
|t3=寧遠
|p3=Níngyuǎn
|mnc = ᡤᡡᠯᠵᠠ
|mnc_a = Gvlja
|mnc_v = Gūlja
|mon = Хулж
|mong = ᠬᠤᠯᠵᠠ
|rus = Кульджа
|rusr = Kuldzha
|tib = གུལ་ཅ
|wylie = gul ca
|thdl =
|zwpy =
|lhasa =
|uig = غۇلجا
|uly = Ghulja
|uyy = Ƣulja
|sgs = Ĝulja
|usy = Ғулҗа
|lang1 = kk
|lang1_content = {{lang|kk-Arab|قۇلجا}}<br/>Құлжа<br/>{{transliteration|kk|Qulja}}
|lang2 = xal
|lang2_content = {{MongolUnicode|ᡎᡇᠯᠴᠠ|v}}
|lang3 = chg
|lang3_content = غولجا
|order = st
}}
'''Yining'''<ref name="official">The official spelling according to {{cite book|script-title=zh:中国地名录|location=Beijing|publisher=[[SinoMaps Press]] ({{lang|zh-hans|中国地图出版社}})|year=1997|isbn=7-5031-1718-4}}</ref> ({{lang-zh|s=伊宁}}), also known as '''Ghulja''' ({{langx|ug|غۇلجا}}) or '''Kulja''' ([[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]: {{lang|kk-Arab|قۇلجا}}), is a [[county-level city]] in northwestern [[Xinjiang]], China. It is the administrative seat and largest city of [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]]. Yining is the modern successor to the nearby ruined city of [[Almaliq, Xinjiang|Almaliq]], [[Huocheng County]], and is the third largest city in Xinjiang after [[Ürümqi]] and [[Korla]].

== Area and population ==
The city of Yining is a county-level administrative unit located along [[Ili River]]. As of 2015, it has an estimated population of 542,507, with a total land area of {{convert|629|km2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |title = Yining: Bulletin for economical and social development in 2015 |url = http://www.ahmhxc.com/tongjigongbao/3275_4.html |access-date = 20 April 2016}}</ref> It is the most populous city in the [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]].

The land area and population of the City of Yining saw an increase in 2003; the increase resulted from the transfer of two villages with some {{convert|100|km2|abbr=on}} of land from the adjacent [[Yining County]], which is a separate administrative unit from the city.

Yining's population is primarily [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]], [[Han Chinese|Han]], [[Hui people|Hui]], and [[Kazakhs in China|Kazakh]], along with smaller numbers of people of [[Mongols in China|Mongolian]], [[Sibe people|Xibe]], [[Uzbeks in China|Uzbek]], [[Russians in China|Russian]], or other ethnicity.

== History ==
=== Note on historical place names ===
From the 13 to 15th century it was under the control of [[Chagatai Khanate]]. Another Mongol empire—the [[Zunghar Khanate]]—established around Ili area. In the 19th and early 20th century, the word Kulja (from {{langx|ru|Кульджа}}) or Ghulja was often used in Russia and in the West as the name for the entire Chinese part of the Ili River basin as well as for its two main cities. In fact, the [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]] clarifies the distinction between two similarly named cities of its time:<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle= Kulja | volume= 15 | pages = 943–944 see page 943 }}</ref>
* ''Kulja'' (i.e. today's Yining) or more specifically ''Old Kulja'' (elsewhere, also called ''[[Taranchi]] Kulja''), which was the commercial center of the region.
* ''Suidun'' (i.e. [[Suiding]], now called [[Shuiding]]) or more specifically ''New Kulja'', ''[[Manchu]] Kulja'' or ''Ili'' (elsewhere, also ''Chinese Kulja''), the Chinese fortress and the regional capital.
Until the 1860s, [[Huiyuan, Xinjiang|Huiyuan]] to the south of Suiding was the regional capital.

=== Qing dynasty ===
The fort of Ningyuan ({{lang|zh-hant|寧遠城}}) was built in 1762 to accommodate new settlers from southern [[Xinjiang]]. The forts of Huining ({{lang|zh-hant|惠寧城}}) and Xichun ({{lang|zh-hant|熙春城}}) built later in 1765 and 1780 were also located within the modern Yining City.

The Sino-Russian [[Treaty of Kulja]] 1851 opened the area for trade.

In 1864–66, the city suffered severely from fighting during the [[Dungan Revolt (1862–77)|Dungan Revolt]]. The city and the rest of the Ili River basin were seized by the [[Russia]]ns in 1871 during [[Yakub Beg of Yettishar|Yakub Beg]]'s independent rule of [[Kashgaria]]. It was restored to the Chinese under the terms of the [[Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)]]. In 1888, the Ningyuan County was established.

''The Geographical Magazine'' in 1875 by Sir Clements Robert Markham stated:

<blockquote>
What little industry Kulja possesses is all due to the Chinese, who transplanted the taste for art, assiduity and skilfulness of their pigtailed race, even to these western outskirts of "the celestial flowery dominion of the Middle." Had the [[Taranchi|Taranjis]] and [[Oirats|Kalmuks]] been left to themselves, or had they remained in a preponderating majority, Kulja would not be a bit farther advanced than either [[Yarkant County|Yarkand]] or [[Aksu Prefecture|Aksu]]. The principal trades are the following:— founders, manufacturing kettles, plates, and other implements of a very primitive form; paper-makers, whose productions do not seem to be superior to the paper manufactured at the present time after Chinese patterns at [[Khokand]] and [[Samarkand]]. There are, moreover, some confectionaries in which cakes of all shapes are baked of rice and millet, overlaid with sugar; also maccaroni-makers, the Taranjis being notoriously very fond of dried farinaceous food. In Eastern Turkistan there still exist many similar trades, and although their products are not equal to European articles of the same kind—I mean here the fabrics of the formerly western Chinese provinces— they are still said to be profitable. Finally among the tradesmen we may mention millers, vinegar manufacturers and potters. The number of factories amount to-day at Kulja to 38, wherein over 131 hands are occupied. To this of course other tradespeople have to be added, such as 169 boot-makers, 50 blacksmiths, 48 carpenters, 11 brass-founders, 3 silversmiths, 26 stone-cutters, and 2 tailors.<ref name="Markham1875">{{cite book|author=Sir Clements Robert Markham|title=The Geographical Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lo7pAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA176|year=1875|publisher=Trübner & Company|pages=176–}}</ref>
</blockquote>

=== Republic of China ===
In 1914, the Ningyuan County was renamed Yining County to avoid confusion with [[Ningyuan (disambiguation)|other places in China named Ningyuan]].

=== East Turkistan Republic ===
Ghulja was the site of the November 7, 1944 East Turkistan Revolution and served as capital city of the [[Second East Turkistan Republic]] from November 12, 1944 until December 22, 1949.

=== People's Republic ===
Yining became a separate city from [[Yining County]] in 1952. In 1962, major Sino-Soviet clashes{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} took place along the [[Ili River]].

In 1997, in what came to be known as the [[Ghulja incident]], the city was rocked by two days of demonstrations or riots<ref>"Xinjiang to intensify crackdown on separatists", [[China Daily]], 10/25/2001 [http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2001-10/25/content_90592.htm]</ref> followed by a [[Chinese Communist Party]] government crackdown resulting in at least 9 deaths following the execution of 30 [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]] activists.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RUCOrg2Pb0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/4RUCOrg2Pb0 |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=Gulja Massacre|via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:USSR map NK 44-2 I-Ning.jpg|thumb|left|Yining (labeled I-NING (KULDJA) {{lang|zh-hant|伊寧}}) (1952)]]
{{climate chart
| Yining (Gulja)
| -13 | -1 | 21
| -9| 2 | 21
| 0 | 12 | 21
| 7 | 21 | 33
| 11 | 26 | 30
| 15 | 29 | 28
| 17 | 32 | 28
| 15 | 31 | 19
| 10 | 26 | 15
| 4 | 19 | 25
| -2 | 9 | 37
| -9 | 1 | 28
|float = right
|clear = none
|source = CMA <ref name="CMA old"/>
}}

Yining is located on the northern side of the [[Ili River]] in the [[Dzungaria]]n basin, about {{convert|70|km|abbr=on}} east of the border with [[Kazakhstan]] and about {{convert|710|km|abbr=on}} west of [[Ürümqi]]. The Ili River valley is far wetter than most of Xinjiang and has rich grazing land.

The City of Yining borders on [[Huocheng County]] in the west and the [[Yining County]] in the east; across the river in the south is [[Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County]].

=== Climate ===
Yining has a [[semiarid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk''), without the strong variation in seasonal precipitation seen across most of China. Dry and sunny weather dominates year-round. Winters are cold, with a January average of {{convert|-7.6|°C|1}}. Yet the influence of the [[Dzungarian Alatau]] to the northwest and [[Borohoro Mountains]] to the northeast helps keep the city warmer than more easterly locales on a similar latitude. Summers are hot, with a July average of {{convert|23.9|°C|1}}. Diurnal temperature ranges tend to be large from April to October. The annual mean temperature is {{convert|10.0|°C|1}}. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 51% in December to 77% in September, sunshine is abundant and the city receives 2,914.7 hours of bright sunshine annually. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from {{convert|-40.4|°C|1}} on 29 January 1969 to {{convert|39.3|°C|1}} on 30 July 2024.

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| collapsed = 
| location = Yining, elevation {{convert|663|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| Jan record high C = 12.5
| Feb record high C = 19.6
| Mar record high C = 28.3
| Apr record high C = 34.4
| May record high C = 36.0
| Jun record high C = 36.5
| Jul record high C = 39.3
| Aug record high C = 38.4
| Sep record high C = 37.3
| Oct record high C = 31.1
| Nov record high C = 25.0
| Dec record high C = 15.1
| year record high C = 
| Jan record low C = -40.4
| Feb record low C = -34.7
| Mar record low C = -23.8
| Apr record low C = -8.6
| May record low C = -2.3
| Jun record low C = 3.4
| Jul record low C = 6.9
| Aug record low C = 2.8
| Sep record low C = -2.8
| Oct record low C = -11.7
| Nov record low C = -37.2
| Dec record low C = -37.2
| year record low C = 
| Jan high C = -1.1
| Feb high C = 2.2
| Mar high C = 12.0
| Apr high C = 21.1
| May high C = 25.7
| Jun high C = 29.6
| Jul high C = 31.6
| Aug high C = 30.8
| Sep high C = 26.2
| Oct high C = 18.6
| Nov high C = 9.0
| Dec high C = 1.0
| Jan mean C = -7.6
| Feb mean C = -3.8
| Mar mean C = 5.4
| Apr mean C = 13.5
| May mean C = 18.2
| Jun mean C = 22.2
| Jul mean C = 23.9
| Aug mean C = 22.6
| Sep mean C = 17.6
| Oct mean C = 10.0
| Nov mean C = 2.4
| Dec mean C = -4.8
| Jan low C = -13.1
| Feb low C = -8.9
| Mar low C = -0.3
| Apr low C = 6.8
| May low C = 11.2
| Jun low C = 15.4
| Jul low C = 17.0
| Aug low C = 15.4
| Sep low C = 10.1
| Oct low C = 3.5
| Nov low C = -2.2
| Dec low C = -9.4
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 21.4
| Feb precipitation mm = 21.4
| Mar precipitation mm = 21.1
| Apr precipitation mm = 32.6
| May precipitation mm = 29.8
| Jun precipitation mm = 28.1
| Jul precipitation mm = 28.4
| Aug precipitation mm = 19.2
| Sep precipitation mm = 15.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 24.7
| Nov precipitation mm = 37.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 27.7
| Jan humidity = 77
| Feb humidity = 75
| Mar humidity = 64
| Apr humidity = 53
| May humidity = 52
| Jun humidity = 54
| Jul humidity = 53
| Aug humidity = 54
| Sep humidity = 56
| Oct humidity = 66
| Nov humidity = 74
| Dec humidity = 78
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 8.5
| Feb precipitation days = 7.6
| Mar precipitation days = 6.9
| Apr precipitation days = 7.9
| May precipitation days = 8.0
| Jun precipitation days = 8.5
| Jul precipitation days = 7.9
| Aug precipitation days = 6.1
| Sep precipitation days = 4.8
| Oct precipitation days = 5.6
| Nov precipitation days = 8.0
| Dec precipitation days = 8.9
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan sun = 156.1
| Feb sun = 165.3
| Mar sun = 227.9
| Apr sun = 261.2
| May sun = 313.2
| Jun sun = 317.6
| Jul sun = 338.5
| Aug sun = 324.0
| Sep sun = 282.8
| Oct sun = 235.5
| Nov sun = 153.6
| Dec sun = 139.0
| year sun = 
| Jan percentsun = 53
| Feb percentsun = 55
| Mar percentsun = 61
| Apr percentsun = 64
| May percentsun = 68
| Jun percentsun = 69
| Jul percentsun = 73
| Aug percentsun = 76
| Sep percentsun = 77
| Oct percentsun = 71
| Nov percentsun = 54
| Dec percentsun = 51
| year percentsun = 
| Jan snow days = 10.7
| Feb snow days = 9.4
| Mar snow days = 4.1
| Apr snow days = 1.0
| May snow days = 0.1
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0.8
| Nov snow days = 4.9
| Dec snow days = 10.7
| year snow days = 
| source 1 = [[China Meteorological Administration]]<ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |language = zh-hans | access-date =10 October 2023 |title=Experience Template }}</ref><ref name="CMA old">
{{cite web|url=http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |script-title=zh:中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年）|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=2010-05-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3 |archive-date=2013-09-21 
}}</ref> all-time extreme temperature<ref name = Mherrera>{{cite web
|url= http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm
|title= Extreme Temperatures Around the World
|access-date= 2024-09-22
}}</ref><ref name = 中华城市地理>{{cite web
|url= https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404203050792315805
|title= 中国各地城市的历史最低气温
|access-date= 22 September 2024
}}</ref>
| source = 
}}

==Administrative divisions==
The administrative divisions of Yining include eight [[Subdistricts of the People's Republic of China|subdistricts]], 4 [[Towns of the People's Republic of China|towns]], and 5 [[Townships of the People's Republic of China|townships]]:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2022/65/40/654002.html|title=2022年统计用区划代码|website=www.stats.gov.cn}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; margin:auto;"
! Name
! Simplified Chinese
! Hanyu Pinyin
! [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] ([[Uyghur Arabic script|UEY]])
! Uyghur Latin ([[Uyghur Latin script|ULY]])
!Population
(thousand)
!Area
km2
!'''Number of communities'''
|-
|colspan="5" align="center" bgcolor="#D3D3D3"|'''Subdistricts'''
|
|
|
|-
| [[Saybuyi Subdistrict]]<br>(Sayibuyi Subdistrict)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|萨依布依街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Sàyībùyī Jiēdào}}
| {{ug-textonly|سايبويى كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Sayboyi Kocha Bashqarmisi}}
|57.7
|
|13
|-
| [[Döngmehelle Subdistrict]]<br>(Dunmaili Subdistrict)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|墩买里街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Dūnmǎilǐ Jiēdào}}
| {{ug-textonly|دۆڭمەھەللە كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Döngmehelle Kocha Bashqarmisi}}
|30
|
|7
|-
| [[Ili Deryasi Road Subdistrict]]<br>(Yilihe Road Subdistrict)
| {{lang|zh|伊犁河路街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Yīlí Hé Lù Jiēdào}}
| {{ug-textonly|ئىلى دەرياسى يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Ili Deryasi Yoli Kocha Bashqarmisi}}
|21.7
|
|6
|-
| [[Qazanchi Subdistrict]]<br>(Kazanqi Subdistrict)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|喀赞其街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Kāzànqí Jiēdào}}
| {{ug-textonly|قازانچى كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Qazanchi Kocha Bashqarmisi}}
|28
|
|8
|-
| [[Döletbagh Subdistrict]]<br>(Doulaitibage Subdistrict)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|都来提巴格街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Dōuláitíbāgé Jiēdào}}
| {{ug-textonly|دۆلەتباغ كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Döletbagh Kocha Bashqarmisi}}
|21.3
|
|9
|-
| [[Chongköwrük Subdistrict]]<br>(Qiongkeruike Subdistrict)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|琼科瑞克街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Qióngkēruìkè Jiēdào}}
| {{ug-textonly|چوڭ كۆۋرۈك كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Chong Köwrük Kocha Bashqarmisi}}
|43.6
|
|14
|-
| [[Herembagh Subdistrict]]<br>(Ailanmubage Subdistrict)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|艾兰木巴格街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Àilánmùbāgé Jiēdào}}
| {{ug-textonly|ھەرەمباغ كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Herembagh Kocha Bashqarmisi}}
|66.1
|
|15
|-
| [[Azatliq Road Subdistrict]]<br>(Jiefang Road Subdistrict)
| {{lang|zh|解放路街道}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Jiěfàng Lù Jiēdào}}
| {{ug-textonly|ئازادلىق يولى كوچا باشقارمىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Azatliq Yoli Kocha Bashqarmisi}}
|42
|
|10
|-
|colspan="5" align="center" bgcolor="#D3D3D3"|'''Towns'''
|
|
|
|-
| [[Bayanday Town]]<br>(Bayandai Town)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|巴彦岱镇}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Bāyàndài Zhèn}}
| {{ug-textonly|بايانداي بازىرى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Bayanday Baziri}}
|31
|262.36
|8
|-
| [[Penjim Town]]<br>(Panjim Town)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|潘津镇}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Pānjīn Zhèn}}
| {{ug-textonly|پەنجىم بازىرى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Penjim Baziri}}
|25.3
|105.5
|7
|-
| [[Yëngiyer Town]]<br>(Yingye'er Town)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|英也尔镇}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Yīngyě'ěr Zhèn}}
| {{ug-textonly|يېڭىيەر بازىرى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Yéngiyer Baziri}}
|16.5
|100
|5
|-
| [[Dadamtu Town]]<br>(Dadamutu Town)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|达达木图镇}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Dádámùtú Zhèn}}
| {{ug-textonly|دادامتۇ بازىرى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Dadamtu Baziri}}
|25.2
|57.5
|6
|-
|colspan="5" align="center" bgcolor="#D3D3D3"|'''Townships'''
|
|
|
|-
| [[Xenbing Township]]<br>(Hanbin Township)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|汉宾乡}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Hànbīn Xiāng}}
| {{ug-textonly|خەنبىڭ يېزىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Xenbing Yézisi}}
|14
|18.7
|4
|-
| [[Tashköwrük Township]]<br>(Tashekeruike Township)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|塔什科瑞克乡}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Tǎshékēruìkè Xiāng}}
| {{ug-textonly|تاش كۆۋرۈك يېزىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Tash Kowruk Yézisi}}
|12.9
|10.9
|6
|-
| [[Qaradöng Township]]<br>(Ka'erdun Township)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|喀尔墩乡}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Kā'ěrdūn Xiāng}}
| {{ug-textonly|قارادۆڭ يېزىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Qaradöng Yézisi}}
|10.2
|26.7
|5
|-
| [[Toghraq Township]]<br>(Tuogelake Township)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|托格拉克乡}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Tuōgélākè Xiāng}}
| {{ug-textonly|توغراق يېزىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Toghraq Yézisi}}
|9.1
|26
|4
|-
| [[Këpekyüzi Township]]<br>(Kebokexuzi Township)
| {{lang|zh-Hans|克伯克圩孜乡}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Kèbókèxūzī Xiāng}}
| {{ug-textonly|كېپەكيۈزى يېزىسى}}
|{{Transliteration|ug|Képekyüzi Yézisi}}
|7
|16
|3
|-

|colspan="5" align="center" bgcolor="#D3D3D3"|'''Other'''
|
|
|
|-
| Yining Border Economic Cooperation Zone
| {{lang|zh-Hans|伊宁边境经济合作区}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Yīníng Biānjìng Jīngjì Hézuò Qū}}
| {{ug-textonly|غۇلجا چېگرا ئىقتىسادىي ھەمكارلىق رايونى}}
| {{Transliteration|ug|ghulja chégra Iqtisadiy hemkarliq rayoni}}
|
|
|
|-
| Ili River South Bank New Area
| {{lang|zh-Hans|伊犁河南岸新区}}
| {{Transliteration|zh|Yīlíhé Nán'àn Xīnqū}}
| {{ug-textonly|ئىلى دەريا جەنۇبىي قىرغىقى يېڭى رايونى}}
| {{Transliteration|ug|Ili derya jenubiy qirghiqi yéngi rayoni}}
|
|
|
|-
|}

== Economy ==
The city's nominal GDP was approximately 20.9 billion [[Renminbi|RMB]] (US$3.1 billion) as of 2015 with an annual increase of 7.6%.The nominal GDP per capita was approximately 38,805 [[Renminbi|RMB]] (US$5976).<ref name="Official Data">{{cite news |url=http://zsyz.sei.gov.cn/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=263642 |title=Bulletin for the economy and society development in 2015 |access-date=May 6, 2010 }}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yining is the chief city and the agricultural and commercial center of the [[Ili River|Ili]] valley. It is an old commercial center trading in tea and cattle and it is still an agricultural area with extensive livestock raising. It has fruit orchards. Iron, coal and uranium are mined nearby.

==Transportation==
* Regular bus service is available to other cities in the region and taxis are available locally.
* [[Ili Yining International Airport]] is located several kilometers north of the city.
* The [[Jinghe-Yining-Horgos Railway]], an [[electrified railway]] from Ürümqi to Yining to [[Khorgos]] on the China-Kazakhstan border was finished in the late 2009.<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/6760790.html Xingjiang’s first electrified railway rails laid] 2009-09-17</ref> Daily passenger service – an overnight  Ürümqi-Yining train service began on July 1, 2010.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120229121345/http://www.aboutxinjiang.com/Photo_galley/content/2010-06/22/content_5054262.htm Tickets of train from Urumqi to Yining put on sale]}} (2010-06-22)</ref><ref>[http://en.chinaxinjiang.cn/01/01/201007/t20100707_36384.htm Xinjiang's first electrified railway passenger train] (2010-07-07)</ref>
* [[China National Highway 218]]
* [[China National Highway 312]]

==Demographics==
As of 2014, Yining had a population of 559,700. The city is inhabited by 38 ethnic groups, including 269,700 Uyghur
people, 204,000 Han people, 26,200 Kazakhs and 39,600 Hui people, accounting for 48.19%, 36.45%, 4.68% and 7.08% of gross population respectively.<ref>{{cite report|title= World Bank-financed Xinjiang Yining Urban Transport and Environment Project: Ethnic Minority Development Plan |chapter=Overview of Ethnic Minorities in the Project Area|page=6 |author= |publisher=Yining Municipal Government (YMG) |date=May 2017|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/417611494919273782/pdf/SFG3355-IPP-P159253-Box402909B-PUBLIC-Disclosed-5-14-2017.pdf}}</ref>

== Culture ==
Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Museum, opened in Yining in 2004, is one of Xinjiang's most important museums, housing artifacts from throughout the prefecture. In fact, at the time it opened it became, in the words of a Western scholar, the "only modern museum" in Xinjiang. (Xinjiang of course also has the provincial museum in [[Ürümqi]]; but at that time point, its old building had been demolished while its replacement was still under construction.)<ref>[http://www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/features.php?searchterm=003_twomuseums.inc&issue=003 A TALE OF TWO CITIES: NEW MUSEUMS FOR YINING AND URUMQI]. 	''CHINA HERITAGE NEWSLETTER'', No. 3, September 2005</ref>

Batul Mosque (for Uyghur people), Tatar Mosque (for Tatar people) and Shaanxi Grand Mosque (for Hui people) are considered the three main mosques in Ili.<ref name="zgmzzjw">[http://www.mzb.com.cn/html/Home/report/14018161-1.htm 艾尼瓦·海浪巴依，伊宁市拜图拉清真寺，中国民族宗教网，2014-02-03] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402181939/http://www.mzb.com.cn/html/Home/report/14018161-1.htm|date=2015-04-02}}</ref>

==Notable persons==
* [[Muyesser Abdul'ehed]]
*[[Dawut Abdurehim]]
* [[Edham Mamet]]
*[[Masud Sabri]]
* [[Sanubar Tursun]]
* [[Shohrat Zakir]]
* [[Behram Abduweli]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.zgyn.gov.cn/ Yining City Government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208114502/http://www.zgyn.gov.cn/ |date=2007-02-08 }} {{in lang|zh}}
* [http://www.9654.com/m/yining.htm Map of the City of Yining] (Borders shown as they were before the annexation of the villages of Dadamutu ({{lang|zh-hans|达达木图乡}} on the map) and Panjin ({{lang|zh-hans|潘津村}} on the map) in 2004) {{in lang|zh}}

{{Navboxes
|list = 
{{Xinjiang Administrative Divisions}}
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[[Category:Populated places in Xinjiang]]
[[Category:Populated places along the Silk Road]]
[[Category:Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]]
[[Category:County-level divisions of Xinjiang]]
[[Category:National Famous Historical and Cultural City]]
[[Category:National Sanitary City]]