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{{Short description|Chinese poet and monk}}
{{about|the Buddhist monk, Ingen Ryuuki|other uses}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| background       = #FFD068
| name             = Ingen Ryūki
| native_name      = Yinyuan Longqi
| native_name_lang = [[Chinese language|Chinese]]
| image            =Portrait_of_Ingen_Ryūki_by_Kita_Genki.jpg
| caption          = Portrait of Ingen Ryūki from 1671
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| religion         = [[Buddhism]]
| school           = [[Chan Buddhism|Chan]]
| lineage          = [[Linji school]]
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| birth_name       = Lin Zengbing
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1592|12|07}}
| birth_place      = [[Fuqing]], [[Fujian]], [[Ming dynasty]]
| death_date       = {{death date and age|1673|05|19|1592|12|07}}
| death_place      = [[Uji, Kyōto]], Japan
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'''Ingen Ryūki''' ({{CJKV|t=隱元隆琦|p=Yǐnyuán Lóngqí|j=隠元隆琦}}, {{IPA|ja|iꜜŋ.ɡeɴ, -ŋeɴ}},<ref name=meikai>{{cite book|script-title=ja:新明解日本語アクセント辞典|edition=2nd|editor-last=Kindaichi|editor-first=Haruhiko|editor-link=Haruhiko Kindaichi|editor-last2=Akinaga|editor-first2=Kazue|publisher=[[Sanseidō]]|date=10 March 2025|lang=ja}},</ref> born {{nihongo|'''Nishiyama Toyoichi'''|西山 豊一}}, December 7, 1592 – May 19, 1673) was a Chinese poet, calligrapher, and [[bhikkhu|monk]] of [[Linji school|Linji Chan Buddhism]] from [[China]].<ref name="nussbaum387">Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Ingen" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|''Japan encyclopedia,'' p. 387.|page=387}}; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 |date=2012-05-24 }}.</ref> He is most known for founding the [[Ōbaku]] school of [[Zen]] in [[Japan]].

Ingen is said to have introduced, from China into Japan, the [[common bean]], which is named after him ({{nihongo||[[w:ja:インゲンマメ|隠元豆]]|Ingen mame|{{ipa|ja|iŋ.ɡeꜜm ma.me, iŋ.ŋeꜜm-|}},<ref name=meikai/> {{lit|Ingen bean}}}};<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9A%A0%E5%85%83%E8%B1%86-437287|script-website=ja:コトバンク|script-title=ja:隠元豆|lang=ja}}</ref> ''Ingen'' itself is also short for ''Ingen mame''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9A%A0%E5%85%83-437284|script-website=ja:コトバンク|script-title=ja:隠元|lang=ja}}</ref>). Robes worn by Ōbaku monks are called {{nihongo||隠元衣|Ingengoromo|{{lit|Ingen robe}}}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%9A%A0%E5%85%83%E8%A1%A3-2009511|script-website=ja:コトバンク|script-title=ja:隠元衣|lang=ja}}</ref>

==Biography==
Ingen was born on December 7, 1592, in [[Fuqing]], [[Fujian]], during China's [[Ming dynasty]]. Ingen's father disappeared when he was five.  At age 20, while searching for him, Ingen arrived at [[Mount Putuo]] off [[Zhejiang]] [[Provinces of China|province]], where he served tea to monks. At 28, after the death of his mother, he was ordained as a monk at his family temple - [[Wanfu Temple]], [[Mount Huangbo]], Fujian. Ingen's teachers there were [[Miyun Yuanwu]] and [[Feiyin Tongrong]]. In 1633 he received [[dharma transmission]] from the latter, and in 1637 served his first term as abbot. His second term as 33rd abbot of the temple began in 1646 and at this time he is credited with helping Mount Huangbo to develop into a thriving Buddhist centre.

In 1654, after repeated requests of [[Itsunen Shoyu]], he went to [[Nagasaki]], Japan with around 30 monks and artisans, including his disciple [[Muyan]]. He founded the Ōbaku [[schools of Buddhism|school of Zen]].<ref name="nussbaum387"/> He established the Ōbaku head temple [[Manpuku-ji]] at [[Uji, Kyoto]] in 1661.

On May 21, 1673 (''Enpō 1, 5th day of the 4th month''), he died at Mampuku-ji.<ref>Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). {{Google books|18oNAAAAIAAJ|''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 414.|page=414}}</ref>

==Calligraphy==
Ingen was a skilled calligrapher, introducing the Ming style of calligraphy to Japan.<ref name="nussbaum387"/>  Along with his disciples [[Muyan]] and [[Sokuhi Nyoitsu]], he was one of the ''[[Ōbaku no Sanpitsu]]'' ("Three Brushes of Ōbaku"). He is known to have carried paintings by [[Chen Xian (painter)|Chen Xian]] with him to Japan.

==Selected work==
Ingen's published writings encompass 35 works in 46 publications in 4 languages and 226 library holdings.<ref>[http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/identities/default.htm  WorldCat Identities] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230150412/http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/identities/default.htm |date=2010-12-30 }}: [http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80-133140  隱元 1592-1673]</ref>
{{dynamic list}}
* 1979 &mdash; {{nihongo|''Complete Works of Ingen''|新纂校訂隱元全集|Shinsan kōtei Ingen zenshū|[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/019817244 OCLC 019817244]|}}

==See also==
*[[Egoku Dōmyō]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|1}}

==References==
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh]], Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''  Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland]]. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/251800045&referer=brief_results  OCLC 251800045]; see also '' Imprimerie Royale de France,'' {{OCLC|311322353}}

{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Ming Dynasty Buddhists}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Qing dynasty Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Obaku Buddhists]]
[[Category:Zen Buddhist abbots]]
[[Category:17th-century abbots]]
[[Category:1592 births]]
[[Category:1673 deaths]]
[[Category:Chinese Zen Buddhists]]
[[Category:Rinzai Buddhists]]
[[Category:Ming dynasty calligraphers]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty calligraphers]]
[[Category:Writers from Fuzhou]]
[[Category:Artists from Fuzhou]]
[[Category:Poets from Fujian]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty poets]]
[[Category:Chan Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Ming dynasty Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:17th-century Buddhist monks]]
[[Category:Chinese tea masters]]
[[Category:Buddhist artists]]
[[Category:Buddhist clergy of the Edo period]]
[[category:17th-century Chinese calligraphers]]
[[Category:17th-century Japanese calligraphers]]