View source for Jiangsu

{{Short description|Province in East China}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Jiangsu
| native_name        = {{lang|zh-Hans|江苏}}
| settlement_type    = [[Province (China)|Province]]
| translit_lang1     = Chinese
| population_rural              =21780000 (26%)
| population_urban = 63370000 (74%) 
| translit_lang1_type = {{nobold|Chinese}}
| translit_lang1_info = {{lang|zh-Hans|江苏省}} ({{transliteration|zh|Jiāngsū Shěng}})
| translit_lang1_type1 = {{nobold|Abbreviation}}
| translit_lang1_info1 = JS / {{linktext|lang=zh-hans|苏}} ({{zh|p=Sū}})
| translit_lang1_type2 = {{nobold|[[Wu Chinese|Wu]]}}
| translit_lang1_info2 = {{transliteration|wuu|Kaonsu San}}
| translit_lang1_type3 = {{nobold|[[Lower Yangtze Mandarin|Jiang–Huai]]}}
| translit_lang1_info3 = {{transliteration|zh|Jiang1 su1 Sen3}}
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
 | border = infobox
 | total_width = 310
 | image_style = border:1;
 | perrow = 2/3
 | image1 = Nanjing CBD from City Wall.jpg
 | image3 = 东方之门1.jpg
 | image4 = Xuzhou City 2.jpg
 | image5 = Yancheng Ruins, Jiangsu 39.jpg
}}
| image_caption      = From top to bottom, left to right: [[Nanjing]], [[Suzhou]], [[Xuzhou]], [[Chunqiu Yancheng]]
| image_map          = Jiangsu in China (+all claims hatched).svg
| mapsize            = 275px
| map_caption        = Location of Jiangsu in China
| coordinates        = {{coord|32.9|N|119.8|E|type:adm1st_CN-JS|format=dms|display=it}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = China
| named_for          = {{linktext|lang=zh|江}} {{transliteration|zh|Jiāng}} – Jiangning (now [[Nanjing]]) <br> {{linktext|lang=zh-Hans|苏}} {{transliteration|zh|sū}} – [[Suzhou]]
| seat_type          = Capital
| seat               = [[Nanjing]]
| seat1_type         = Largest city
| seat1              = [[Suzhou]]
| parts_type         = Divisions<br />&nbsp;- [[Prefecture-level divisions of China|Prefecture-level]]<br />&nbsp;- [[County-level division|County-level]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Township level|Township-<br />level]]
| parts              = <br />[[List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu|13 prefectures]]<br />95 counties<br />1237 towns and subdistricts
| government_type    = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
| governing_body     = [[Jiangsu Provincial People's Congress]]
| leader_title       = [[Party Secretary of Jiangsu|Party Secretary]]
| leader_name        = [[Xin Changxing]]
| leader_title1      = [[Jiangsu Provincial People's Congress|Congress]] chairman
| leader_name1       = Xin Changxing
| leader_title2      = [[Governor of Jiangsu|Governor]]
| leader_name2       = [[Xu Kunlin]]
| leader_title3      = Provincial [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] Chairman
| leader_name3       = [[Zhang Yizhen]]
| leader_title4      = [[National People's Congress]] Representation
| leader_name4       = 144 deputies
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 102600
| area_rank          = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by area|25th]]
| elevation_max_m    = 625
| elevation_max_point = [[Mount Huaguo (Jiangsu)|Mount Huaguo]]
| elevation_max_rank = 
| elevation_min_m    = 
| elevation_min_point = 
| elevation_min_rank = 
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |date=11 May 2021 |title=Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |access-date=11 May 2021|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}</ref>
| population_total   = 84,748,016
| population_as_of   = 2020
| population_rank    = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population|4th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density|4th]]
| population_demonym = Jiangsunese
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = Ethnic composition
| demographics1_info1 = {{ubl|[[Han Chinese|Han]]: 99.6% | [[Hui people|Hui]]: 0.2% (160,800)}}
| demographics1_title2 = Languages and dialects
| demographics1_info2 = {{hlist|[[Standard Chinese]] | [[Central Plains Mandarin]] | [[Lower Yangtze Mandarin]] | [[Wu Chinese]]}}

| demographics_type2   = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] {{normal|(2023)}}<ref name="data2022">{{cite web |url=https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103 |title=National Data |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China|China NBS]] |date=March 2024|access-date=June 22, 2024}} see also {{cite web |url=https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103|title=National Data |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China|China NBS]] |date=March 2024|access-date=June 22, 2024}}; see also {{cite web |url=https://tj.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2024/3/5/art_87595_11165526.html |script-title=zh:2023年江苏省国民经济和社会发展统计公报|publisher=jiangsu.gov.cn|date=March 5, 2024 |access-date=June 22, 2024}} The average exchange rate of 2023 was CN¥7.0467 to US$1 {{cite press release | url=https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202402/t20240228_1947918.html| title=Statistical communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2023 national economic and social development| publisher=China NBS|date=February 29, 2024|access-date=June 22, 2024}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = Total
| demographics2_info1 = {{CN¥}}12.82 trillion ([[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP|2nd]]; US$1.82 trillion)
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = {{CN¥}}150,487 ([[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita|3rd]]; US$21,356)
| iso_code           = CN-JS
| blank4_name_sec2   = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)
| blank4_info_sec2   = 0.827<ref name="SHDI">{{cite web |title=Human Development Indices (8.0)- China |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/CHN/?levels=1+4&years=2022&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0 |access-date=23 September 2024 |publisher=Global Data Lab}}</ref> ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI|4th]]) – {{color|green|very high}}
| website            = {{Official URL}} {{in lang|zh}}<br />{{URL|https://en.jiangsu.gov.cn/|English version}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Jiangsu (Chinese characters).svg
| picupright = 0.45
| piccap = "Jiangsu" in simplified (top) and traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
| psp = Kiangsu
| s = 江苏
| t = 江蘇
| l = "[[Nanjing|Jiang(ning)]] and [[Suzhou|Su(zhou)]]"
| title = Jiangsu
| p = Jiāngsū
| gr = Jiangsu
| bpmf = ㄐㄧㄤ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄙㄨ
| w = Chiang<sup>1</sup>-su<sup>1</sup>
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|j|iang|1|.|s|u|1}}
| suz = Kaon-sou
| j = Gong1-sou1
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|g|ong|1|.|s|ou|1}}
| y = Gōng-sōu
| tl = Kang-soo
| order = st
}}

'''Jiangsu'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|dZ|æ|N|'|s|uː}};<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Jiangsu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518054156/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Jiangsu |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 18, 2021 |title=Jiangsu |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|dZ|j|ɑː|N|'|s|uː}} <ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Jiangsu}}</ref> <!-- details in infobox -->{{zh|c={{Audio|zh-Jiangsu.ogg|江苏|help=no}}|labels=}}; [[pinyin]]: Jiāngsū, [[Postal romanization|alternatively romanized]] as '''Kiangsu''' or '''Chiangsu'''}} is a coastal [[Provinces of the People's Republic of China|province]] in [[East China]]. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its capital in [[Nanjing]]. Jiangsu is the [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by area|third smallest]], but the [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population|fifth most populous]], with a population of 84.75 million, and the [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density|most densely populated]] of the 22 provinces of the People's Republic of China. Jiangsu has the highest GDP per capita and second-highest GDP of Chinese provinces, after [[Guangdong]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2014-04/01/content_17393546_2.htm |title=Top 10 regions with highest GDP in China |last=Zhao |first=Tingting |author-mask=Zhao Tingting (赵婷婷)|work=China Daily |access-date=22 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028093904/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2014-04/01/content_17393546_2.htm |archive-date=28 October 2016|url-status=live |language=zh}}</ref> Jiangsu borders [[Shandong]] in the north, [[Anhui]] to the west, and [[Zhejiang]] and [[Shanghai]] to the south. Jiangsu has a coastline of over {{Convert|1000|km|sp=us}} along the [[Yellow Sea]], and the [[Yangtze]] flows through the southern part of the province.

Since the [[Sui dynasty|Sui]] and [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] dynasties, Jiangsu has been a national economic and commercial center, partly due to the construction of the [[Grand Canal (China)|Grand Canal]]. Cities such as [[Nanjing]], [[Suzhou]], [[Wuxi]], [[Changzhou]], and [[Shanghai]] (separated from Jiangsu in 1927) are all major Chinese economic hubs. Since the initiation of economic reforms in 1990, Jiangsu has become a focal point for economic development. It is widely regarded as one of China's most developed provinces, when measured by its [[List of administrative divisions of Greater China by Human Development Index|Human Development Index]] (HDI).<ref name="SHDI"/> Its 2021 [[nominal GDP]] per capita reached CN¥137,300 (US$21,287), becoming the first province in China to reach the $20,000 mark.

Jiangsu is home to many of the world's leading exporters of electronic equipment, chemicals and textiles.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2010/12/08/china-regions-to-be-bigger-than-russia/ |title=China provinces 'to be bigger than Russia' |work=Financial Times|access-date=22 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406140246/http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2010/12/08/china-regions-to-be-bigger-than-russia/|archive-date=6 April 2012|url-status=dead|date=8 December 2010|author-first1=Ranjit|author-last1=Lall}}</ref> It has also been China's largest recipient of foreign direct investment since 2006. In 2022, its GDP was more than {{CN¥}}12.29&nbsp;trillion (US$1.83&nbsp;trillion nominal), which is the [[List of the largest administrative divisions by GRDP|sixth-highest]] of all [[administrative division]]s.<ref name="data2022" /> If it were a country, it would be the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|twelfth-largest economy]] as of 2022 as well as the [[List of countries and dependencies by population|19th most populous]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 GDP (current US$)  |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?year_high_desc=true |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=World Bank}}</ref>

Jiangsu is also one of the leading provinces in research and education in China. As of 2022, Jiangsu hosts 168 [[List of universities and colleges in Jiangsu|institutions of higher education]], ranking first of all Chinese provinces.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2022 |title=Jiangsu authorities recount achievements in higher education field over past decade |url=http://english.jsjyt.edu.cn/2022-09/02/c_807921.htm |access-date=2022-09-14 |publisher=Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education}}</ref> Jiangsu has many highly ranked educational institutions,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best Chinese Universities Ranking |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/bcur/2022 |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=ShanghaiRanking |archive-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419224008/https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/bcur/2022 |url-status=dead }}</ref> with 16 number of universities listed in the [[Double First-Class Construction]], ranking second after [[Beijing]].  As of 2023, four major cities in Jiangsu ranked in the world's top 200 (Nanjing 6th, Suzhou 40th, Zhenjiang 166th and Wuxi 188th) [[List of cities by scientific output|cities by scientific research output]], as tracked by the [[Nature Index]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Leading 200 science cities |website=Nature Index 2023 Science Cities Supplements |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/overall |access-date=2023-11-22}}</ref>

{{TOC limit|3}}
{{Anchor|Etymology|Names}}

==Name==
Jiangsu's name is a compound of the first elements of the names of the two cities of Jiangning (now [[Nanjing]]) and [[Suzhou]]. The abbreviation for this province is "{{linktext|lang=zh-hans|苏}}" ({{transliteration|zh|Sū}}), the second character of its name.<ref>{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shenghuo/1090/2435218.html Origin of the Names of China's Provinces] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427100058/http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shenghuo/1090/2435218.html |date=2016-04-27}}, [[People's Daily Online]]. {{in lang|zh}}</ref>

==History==
{{More citations needed section|date=November 2024}}
During the earliest Chinese dynasties, the area that is now Jiangsu was far away from the center of Chinese civilization, which was in the northwest [[Henan]]; it was home of the Huai barbarians ({{lang|zh|淮夷}}), an ancient ethnic group. During the [[Zhou dynasty]] more contact was made, and eventually the [[state of Wu]] appeared in southern Jiangsu, one of the many hundreds of states that existed across northern and central China at that time. Near the end of the [[Spring and Autumn period]], Wu became a great power under [[King Helu of Wu]], and defeated in 484&nbsp;BC the [[state of Qi]], a major power in the north in modern-day [[Shandong]] [[province]], and contest for the position of overlord over all states of China. The state of Wu was subjugated in 473&nbsp;BC by the [[state of Yue]], another state that had emerged to the south in modern-day [[Zhejiang]] province. Yue was in turn subjugated by the powerful [[state of Chu]] from the west in 333 BC. Eventually the [[state of Qin]] swept away all the other states, and unified China in 221 BC.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/317225/Jiangsu/71208/Cultural-life |title=Jiangsu - province, China |encyclopedia=Britannica.com |access-date=22 January 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514011237/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/317225/Jiangsu/71208/Cultural-life/ |archive-date=14 May 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Xiao Dan - turtle in the tower - P1070634.JPG|thumb|left|One of the [[bixi (tortoise)|tortoise stelae]] of Xiao Dan (478–522), a member of the [[Liang dynasty|Liang]] royal family. Ganjiaxiang, [[Qixia District]], near Nanjing]]

Under the reign of the [[Han dynasty]] (206 BC to 220 AD), Jiangsu was removed from the centers of civilization in the [[North China Plain]], and was administered under two ''[[zhou (political division)|zhou]]'' (provinces): [[Xuzhou (ancient China)|Xu]] Province in the north, and [[Yangzhou (ancient China)|Yang]] Province in the south. During the [[Three Kingdoms]] period, southern Jiangsu became the base of the [[Eastern Wu]] (222 to 280), whose capital, [[Jiankang|Jianye]] (later renamed to Jiankang), is modern [[Nanjing]]. When nomadic invasions overran northern China in the 4th century, the imperial court of the [[Jin dynasty (265–420)|Jin dynasty]] moved to Jiankang. Cities in southern and central Jiangsu swelled with the influx of migrants from the north. Jiankang remained as the capital for four successive [[Southern dynasties]] and became the largest commercial and cultural center in China.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://dfz.nanjing.gov.cn/17557/17560/200906/t20090624_984387.html |script-title=zh:管玉春, 六代繁华帝王都 东晋、南朝的都城——建康 |date=2009-06-24 |access-date=2015-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104202205/http://dfz.nanjing.gov.cn/17557/17560/200906/t20090624_984387.html |archive-date=2015-01-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Tiger hill.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Huqiu Tower]] of [[Tiger Hill, Suzhou|Tiger Hill]], Suzhou, built in 961]]

After the Sui dynasty united the country in 581, the political center of the country shifted back to the north, but the Grand Canal was built through Jiangsu to link the Central Plains with the prosperous Yangtze Delta. The [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907) relied on southern Jiangsu for annual deliveries of grain. It was during the [[Song dynasty]] (960–1279), which saw the development of a wealthy mercantile class and emergent [[market economy]] in China, that [[Jiangnan]] (southern Jiangsu, [[Shanghai]], and adjacent areas) emerged as a center of [[trade]]. From then onwards, major cities like [[Suzhou]] or [[Yangzhou]], would be synonymous with opulence and luxury in China. Today the region remains one of the richest parts of China.

The Jurchen [[Jin dynasty, 1115–1234|Jin dynasty]] [[Jingkang Incident|gained control]] of [[North China]] in 1127 during the [[Jin campaigns against the Song dynasty|Jin-Song wars]], and [[Huai River]], which used to cut through north Jiangsu to reach the [[Yellow Sea]], was the border between the north, under the Jin, and the south, under the [[Southern Song dynasty]]. The Mongols took control of China in the thirteenth century. The [[Ming dynasty]], which was established in 1368 after driving out the [[Mongols]] who had occupied China, initially put its capital in [[Nanjing]]. Regions surrounding Nanjing, corresponding to Jiangsu and Anhui today, were designated as [[Nanzhili]] province (literally "southern directly governed"). Following a coup by Zhu Di (later, the [[Yongle Emperor]]), however, the capital was moved to [[Beijing]], far to the north, although Nanjing kept its status as the southern capital. In late Ming, Jiangnan continued to be an important center of trade in China; some historians see in the flourishing [[textiles]] industry at the time incipient [[industrialization]] and [[capitalism]], a trend that was however aborted.

[[File:SuzhouNorthTemplePagoda.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The {{convert|76|m|abbr=on}} tall [[Beisi Pagoda]] of [[Suzhou]], built between 1131 and 1162 during the [[Song dynasty]]]]

The [[Qing dynasty]] converted Nanzhili to "Jiangnan province"; in 1666 Jiangsu and Anhui were split apart as separate provinces. Jiangsu's borders have been for the most part stable since then.

With the start of Western incursion into China in the 1840s, the rich and mercantile [[Yangtze Delta|Yangtze River Delta]] was increasingly exposed to Western influence; [[Shanghai]], originally an unremarkable little town of Jiangsu, quickly developed into a metropolis of trade, banking, and cosmopolitanism, and was split out later as an independent municipality. Jiangnan also figures strongly in the [[Taiping Rebellion]] (1851{{spaced ndash}}1864), a massive and deadly rebellion that attempted to set up a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[theocracy]] in China; it started far to the south, in [[Guangdong]] province, swept through much of South China, and by 1853, had established Nanjing as its capital, renamed as Tianjing ({{lang|zh|天京}} "Heavenly Capital").

The [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]] was established in 1912,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history.cultural-china.com/en/183History6971.html|title=Republic of China (1912 AD－1949 AD) - China culture|work=cultural-china.com|access-date=22 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018062336/http://history.cultural-china.com/en/183History6971.html|archive-date=18 October 2016}}</ref> and China was soon torn apart by warlords. Jiangsu changed hands several times, but in April 1927, [[Chiang Kai-shek]] established a government at [[Nanjing]]; he was soon able to bring most of China under his control. This was however interrupted by the [[second Sino-Japanese War]], which began full-scale in 1937; on December 13, 1937, Nanjing fell, and the combined atrocities of the occupying Japanese for the next three months would come to be known as the [[Rape of Nanjing]], after which it became the seat of the [[Wang Jingwei regime|collaborationist government of East China]] under [[Wang Jingwei]], and most of Jiangsu remained under Japanese occupation until the end of the war in 1945.

After the war, Nanjing was once again the capital of the Republic of China, though now the [[Chinese Civil War]] had broken out between the [[Kuomintang]] government and [[Chinese Communist Party|Communist forces]], based further north, mostly in [[Northeast China]]. The decisive [[Huaihai Campaign]] was fought in northern Jiangsu; it resulted in Kuomintang defeat, and the communists were soon able to cross the [[Yangtze River]] and take Nanjing. The Kuomintang fled southward and eventually ended up in [[Taipei]], from which the Republic of China government continues to administer [[Taiwan]], [[Penghu|Pescadores]], and its neighboring islands, though it also continues to claim (technically, at least) Nanjing as its rightful ''de jure'' capital.

After the communist takeover, [[Beijing]] (formerly Peiping) was made capital of the People's Republic, and Nanjing was demoted to be the provincial capital of Jiangsu. The [[Chinese economic reform|economic reforms]] of [[Deng Xiaoping]] initially focused on the south coast of China, in [[Guangdong]] province, which soon left Jiangsu behind; starting from the 1990s they were applied more evenly to the rest of China. [[Suzhou]] and [[Wuxi]], two southern cities of Jiangsu in close proximity to neighboring [[Shanghai]], have since become particularly prosperous, being among the top 10 cities in China in terms of [[gross domestic product]] and outstripping the provincial capital of Nanjing. The income disparity between northern and southern Jiangsu however remains large.

==Geography==
[[File:Urban-Rural Population and Land Area Estimates, v2, 2010 Shanghai, China (13874137394).jpg|thumb|left|Population density and low elevation coastal zones in Jiangsu. Jiangsu is particularly vulnerable to [[sea level rise]].]]
[[File:35年江蘇分縣詳圖亞光輿地學社.png|thumb|Jiangsu in 1946]]
[[File:Chengxu Temple, Zhou Zhuang.JPG|alt=|thumb|Tourists cross a bridge in Chengxu temple, a Taoist temple which was built in 1086–1093 during the Song dynasty]]{{More citations needed section|date=November 2024}}
Jiangsu is flat, with plains covering 68 percent of its total area (water covers another 18 percent). Most of the province stands not more than {{convert|50|m|sp=us}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]]. Jiangsu also has a well-developed irrigation system, which earned it (especially the southern half) the moniker of {{zh|t=水鄕|s=水乡|first=t}} (''shuǐxiāng'' "land of water"). The southern city of [[Suzhou]] has so many canals that it has been dubbed "[[List of places called Venice of the East|Venice of the East]]" or the "Venice of the Orient".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uvista.com/en/jiangsu/suzhou.htm |title=Suzhou -'Venice in the Orient' – China Travel Guide |publisher=Uvista.com |access-date=2013-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512053618/http://www.uvista.com/en/jiangsu/suzhou.htm |archive-date=2013-05-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://images.nikonians.org/galleries/showphoto.php?photo=204283 |title=Nikonians Photo Galleries – Venice of the East |publisher=Images.nikonians.org |access-date=2013-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206232723/http://images.nikonians.org/galleries/showphoto.php?photo=204283 |archive-date=2013-12-06 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Grand Canal of China]] cuts through Jiangsu from north to south, crossing all the east–west river systems. Jiangsu also borders the [[Yellow Sea]]. The [[Yangtze River]], the longest river of China, cuts through the province in the south and reaches the [[East China Sea]], which divides the region into two parts: more urban, prosperous south and more poorer, rural north, and these two parts has a tense division.<ref>{{cite web|author-last1=Lee|author-first1=Jennifer|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/27/jiangsu-new-yorks-chinese-sister/?_r=0|title=Jiangsu, New York's China Sister|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215175431/https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/27/jiangsu-new-yorks-chinese-sister/?_r=0|archive-date=2018-12-15|website=The New York Times|date=2009-04-27|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Mount Huaguo (Jiangsu)|Mount Huaguo]], near the city of [[Lianyungang]], is the highest point in Jiangsu, at an altitude of {{convert|625|m|abbr=out|sp=us}} [[above sea level]]. Large lakes in Jiangsu include [[Lake Tai]] (the largest), [[Lake Hongze]], [[Lake Gaoyou]], [[Lake Luoma]], and [[Lake Yangcheng]].

Before 1194 A.D., the [[Huai River]] cut through north Jiangsu to reach the [[Yellow Sea]]. The Huai River is a major river in central China, and it was the traditional border between [[North China and South China]]. Since 1194 A.D., the [[Yellow River]] further to the north changed its course several times, running into the [[Huai River]] in north Jiangsu each time instead of its other usual path northwards into [[Bohai Bay]]. The silting caused by the [[Yellow River]] was so heavy that after its last episode of "hijacking" the Huai River ended in 1855: the Huai River was no longer able to go through its usual path into the sea. Instead it flooded, pooled up (thereby forming and enlarging [[Lake Hongze]] and [[Lake Gaoyou]]), and flowed southwards through the [[Grand Canal of China|Grand Canal]] into the [[Yangtze River|Yangtze]]. The old path of the [[Huai River]] is now marked by a series of [[irrigation]] channels, the most significant of which is the [[North Jiangsu Main Irrigation Canal]] ({{zh|t=蘇北灌溉總渠|s=苏北灌溉总渠|first=t}}), which channels a small amount of the water of the [[Huai River]] alongside south of its old path into the sea.

[[File:玄武湖远眺.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Xuanwu Lake]] in [[Nanjing]]]]

Most of Jiangsu has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'' or ''Cwa'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]), beginning to transition into a [[humid continental climate]] (Köppen ''Dwa'') in the far north. Seasonal changes are clear-cut, with temperatures at an average of {{convert|−1|to|4|C|F}} in January and {{convert|26|to|29|C|F}} in July. Rain falls frequently between spring and summer (''[[meiyu]]''), [[typhoon]]s with [[rainstorm]]s occur in late summer and early autumn. As with the rest of the coast, tornados are possible. The annual average rainfall is {{convert|800|to|1200|mm|sp=us}}, concentrated mostly in summer during the southeast [[monsoon]].

=== Climate change in Jiangsu ===
Due to its flat terrain, low altitude, and dense population, Jiangsu is one of the most vulnerable regions in China to [[Climate change in China|climate change]] and its ensuing [[sea level rise]].<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=XDI releases world-first comparison of every state's physical climate risk |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/news/xdi-releases-world-first-comparison-every-states-physical-climate-risk |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=www.preventionweb.net |date=February 20, 2023 |language=en}}</ref> According to the data collected by the Center of Climate Change in Jiangsu from 1961 to 2007, on average, the province experiences an temperature increase between 0.16 and 0.45 Celsius per 10 years and total precipitation change between -28.7 and 37.09&nbsp;mm per 10 years. [[Extreme weather]] have become stronger and more common. Jiangsu's [[Effects of climate change on agriculture|agriculture]], [[ecosystem]], [[Water resources|water resource]], transportation, and [[Coastal erosion|coastline]] are all negatively impacted. The speed of sea level rise exceeds the world's average by a large margin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=苏 |first=政发 |date=2009 |title=江苏省政府关于印发江苏省应对气候变化方案的通知 |url=https://www.ccchina.org.cn/Detail.aspx?newsId=73146&TId=266 |website=中国气候变化信息网}}</ref>

Specifically, a ranking on climate change risk of global regions released in early 2023 by [[The Cross Dependency Initiative]] (XDI) puts Jiangsu as the most vulnerable of the entire world.<ref name=":03" /> Jiangsu is at more risk due to its extensive [[Built environment|industrial, trade, residential, and commercial development]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=XDI Benchmark Series - Gross Domestic Climate Risk |url=https://xdi.systems/xdi-benchmark-gdcr/ |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=XDI |language=en-AU}}</ref>

In response to climate disturbance across the country, the fourteenth [[Five-year plans of China|five-year plan]], endorsed by the National People's Congress in 2021, indicates the general direction and various steps towards a low-carbon transition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Issue Brief - China's 14th 5-Year Plan: Spotlighting Climate & Environment {{!}} United Nations Development Programme |url=https://www.undp.org/china/publications/issue-brief-chinas-14th-5-year-plan-spotlighting-climate-environment |access-date=2023-03-16 |website=UNDP |language=en}}</ref> On a provincial level, the Jiangsu government aims to achieve an 18% carbon dioxide decrease per unit GDP and accelerate the development of a green, low-carbon economy, as indicated in the 14th five-year development. The province also plans to recover the damaged coastal regions such as [[Lianyungang|Lianyugang]] and [[Yancheng]], and improve resilience against rising sea level by implementing [[seawall]]s and river [[floodgate]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=内详 |last2=林森 |date=11 April 2022 |title=江苏省印发《江苏省"十四五"应对气候变化规划》的通知 |url=http://www.thjj.org/sf_384578B9ABCB47128691DDD03F3545C3_227_8C0B6735583.html |access-date=15 March 2023 |website=中国绿色碳汇基金会}}</ref>

Major cities:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jiangsu.net/city/|title=Cities and Towns in Jiangsu|work=Jiangsu.net|access-date=22 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205141342/http://www.jiangsu.net/city/|archive-date=5 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Nanjing]]
* [[Suzhou]]
* [[Wuxi]]
* [[Xuzhou]]
* [[Changzhou]]
* [[Yangzhou]]
* [[Lianyungang]]
* [[Yancheng]]
* [[Zhenjiang]]
* [[Nantong]]
* [[Huai'an]]
* [[Taizhou, Jiangsu|Taizhou]]
* [[Suqian]]

{{div col end}}

==Administrative divisions==
{{Main|List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu|List of township-level divisions of Jiangsu}}
Jiangsu is divided into thirteen [[prefecture-level division]]s, all [[Prefecture-level city|prefecture-level cities]] (including a [[Sub-provincial divisions in the People's Republic of China|sub-provincial city]]):

{|class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:smaller; text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="9" |Administrative divisions of Jiangsu
|-
|colspan="9" style="font-size:larger" | <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative divisions Jiangsu China colored map.svg|width=642|link=|font-size=85%}}
{{Image label|x=450|y=745|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Nanjing]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=745|y=810|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Wuxi]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=220|y=238|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Xuzhou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=615|y=795|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Changzhou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=820|y=855|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Suzhou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=830|y=680|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Nantong]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=500|y=182|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Lianyungang]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=515|y=370|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Huai'an]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=690|y=395|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Yancheng]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=570|y=605|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Yangzhou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=560|y=720|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Zhenjiang]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=685|y=660|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Taizhou, Jiangsu|Taizhou]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=407|y=322|scale=642/1070|text='''[[Suqian]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=930|y=920|scale=642/1070|text={{nobold|''[[Shanghai]]''}}}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|-
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Division code]]<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 |publisher=[[Ministry of Civil Affairs]] |access-date=2015-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113603/http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=live}}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Division
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Area in km<sup>2</sup><ref name="nj2013">{{cite book|language=zh-hans|author=Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |script-title=zh:《深圳统计年鉴2014》|url=http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm|access-date=2015-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512184740/http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm|archive-date=2015-05-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Population 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=江苏省人民政府 数据发布 江苏省第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）|url=http://www.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2021/5/18/art_34151_9817846.html|access-date=2022-01-21|website=www.jiangsu.gov.cn|archive-date=December 20, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220022722/http://www.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2021/5/18/art_34151_9817846.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
!! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Seat
!! scope="col" colspan="3" | Divisions<ref>{{cite book |language=zh-hans |author=[[Ministry of Civil Affairs]] |script-title=zh:《中国民政统计年鉴2014》|date=August 2014 |publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |isbn= 978-7-5037-7130-9}}</ref>
|-
!! scope="col" style="width:45px;" | [[District (China)|Districts]]
!! scope="col" style="width:45px;" | [[Counties of the People's Republic of China|Counties]]
!! scope="col" style="width:45px;" | [[County-level city|CL cities]]
|- style="font-weight: bold"
! 320000 !! Jiangsu Province
| 102,600.00 || 84,748,016 || [[Nanjing]] city || 55 || 19 || 21
|- style="background:#98fb98;"
! 320100 !! [[Nanjing]] city
| 6,582.31 || 9,314,685 || [[Xuanwu District, Nanjing|Xuanwu District]] || 11 || bgcolor=grey | || bgcolor=grey |
|-
! 320200 !! [[Wuxi]] city
| 4,787.61 || 7,462,135 || [[Liangxi District|Binhu District]] || 5 || bgcolor=grey | || 2
|-
! 320300 !! [[Xuzhou]] city
| 11,764.88 || 9,083,790 || [[Yunlong District]] || 5 || 3 || 2
|-
! 320400 !! [[Changzhou]] city
| 4,384.57 || 5,278,121 || [[Xinbei District]] || 5 || bgcolor=grey | || 1
|-
! 320500 !! [[Suzhou]] city
| 8,488.42 || 12,748,262 || [[Gusu District]] || 5 || bgcolor=grey | || 4
|-
! 320600 !! [[Nantong]] city
| 8,001.00 || 7,726,635 || [[Chongchuan District]] || 3 || 1 || 3
|-
! 320700 !! [[Lianyungang]] city
| 7,615.29 || 4,599,360 || [[Haizhou District, Lianyungang|Haizhou District]] || 3 || 3 || bgcolor=grey |
|-
! 320800 !! [[Huai'an]] city
| 9,949.97 || 4,556,230 || [[Qingjiangpu District]] || 4 || 3 || bgcolor=grey |
|-
! 320900 !! [[Yancheng]] city
| 16,972.42 || 6,709,629 || [[Tinghu District]] || 3 || 5 || 1
|-
! 321000 !! [[Yangzhou]] city
| 6,591.21 || 4,559,797 || [[Hanjiang District, Yangzhou|Hanjiang District]] || 3 || 1 || 2
|-
! 321100 !! [[Zhenjiang]] city
| 3,840.32 || 3,210,418 || [[Jingkou District]] || 3 || bgcolor=grey | || 3
|-
! 321200 !! [[Taizhou, Jiangsu|Taizhou]] city
| 5,787.26 || 4,512,762 || [[Hailing District]] || 3 || bgcolor=grey | || 3
|-
! 321300 !! [[Suqian]] city
| 8,555.00 || 4,986,192 || [[Sucheng District]] || 2 || 3 || bgcolor=grey |
|-
| colspan=11 | {{legend|#98FB98|[[Sub-provincial divisions in the People's Republic of China|Sub-provincial cities]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
|}

[[File:Population_distribution_of_Jiangsu_in_2010.png|thumb|Population distribution of Jiangsu in 2010]]

{|class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-font:90%; width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"
! colspan="5" | Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations
|-
! English !! Chinese !! Pinyin !! Wu Romanization !! Jiang–Huai (Langjin Pinin)
|-
| '''Jiangsu Province''' || {{lang|zh-hans|江苏省}} || {{transliteration|zh|Jiāngsū Shěng}} || {{transliteration|wuu|kaon sou san}} || {{transliteration|zh|Jiang1 su1 Sen3}}
|-
| [[Nanjing]] city || {{lang|zh|南京市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Nánjīng Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|noe cin zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|Lang2 jin1 Shr4}}
|-
| [[Wuxi]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|无锡市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Wúxī Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|vu sih zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|U2 si5 Shr4}}
|-
| [[Xuzhou]] city || {{lang|zh|徐州市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Xúzhōu Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|zi tseu zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|Sü2 zhou1 Shr4}}
|-
| [[Changzhou]] city || {{lang|zh|常州市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Chángzhōu Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|zan tseu zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|Chang2 zhou1 Shr4}}
|-
| [[Suzhou]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|苏州市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Sūzhōu Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|sou tseu zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|Su1 zhou1 Shr4}}
|-
| [[Nantong]] city || {{lang|zh|南通市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Nántōng Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|noe thon zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|Lang2 tong1 Shr4}}
|-
| [[Lianyungang]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|连云港市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Liányúngǎng Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|lie yuin kaon zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|Liän2 üin2 gang3 Shr4}}
|-
| [[Huai'an]] city || {{lang|zh|淮安市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Huái'ān Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|wa oe zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|Huä2 ang1 Shr4}}
|-
| [[Yancheng]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|盐城市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Yánchéng Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|yie zen zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|Iän2 chen2 Shr4}}
|-
| [[Yangzhou]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|扬州市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Yángzhōu Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|yan tseu zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|Iang2 zhou1 Shr4}}
|-
| [[Zhenjiang]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|镇江市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Zhènjiāng Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|tsen kaon zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|Zhen4 jang1 Shr4}}
|-
| [[Taizhou, Jiangsu|Taizhou]] city || {{lang|zh|泰州市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Tàizhōu Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|tha tseu zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|Tä4 zhou1 Shr4}}
|-
| [[Suqian]] city || {{lang|zh-hans|宿迁市}} || {{transliteration|zh|Sùqiān Shì}} || {{transliteration|wuu|soh tshie zy}} || {{transliteration|zh|Su5 ciän1 Shr4}}
|}

These prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 95 [[county-level division]]s (55 [[District of China|districts]], 21 [[county-level cities]], and 19 [[County (People's Republic of China)|counties]]). Those are in turn divided into 1,237 [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Township level|township-level divisions]] (699 [[Town (China)|towns]], 19 [[Townships of the People's Republic of China|townships]], and 519 [[Subdistricts of China|subdistricts]]). At the end of the year 2021, the total population was 85.05 million.<ref name="data2022" />

=== Urban areas ===
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"
! colspan=5 | Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities
|-
! No. !! Cities !! style="background-color: #aaaaff;"| 2020 Urban area<ref name="2020PRCcensus">{{cite book |author=国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 |date=2022 |script-title=zh:中国2020年人口普查分县资料 |location=Beijing |publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |isbn=978-7-5037-9772-9}}</ref> !! style="background-color: #aaaaff;"| 2010 Urban area<ref name="2010PRCcensus">{{cite book |author=国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 |date=2012 |script-title=zh:中国2010年人口普查分县资料 |location=Beijing |publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]] |isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6}}</ref> !! style="background-color: #ffaaaa;" | 2020 City proper
|-
| 1 || '''[[Nanjing]]''' || 8,085,241 || 5,827,888{{efn|name=Nanjing|New districts established after 2010 census: [[Lishui District|Lishui (Lishui County)]], [[Gaochun District|Gaochun (Gaochun County)]]. These new districts not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}} || 9,314,685
|-
| 2 || [[Suzhou]] || 5,892,892 || 3,302,152{{efn|name=Suzhou|New district established after 2010 census: [[Wujiang District, Suzhou|Wujiang (Wujiang CLC)]]. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}} || 12,748,262
|-
| 3 || [[Wuxi]] || 3,956,985 || 2,757,736 || 7,462,135
|-
| 4 || [[Changzhou]] || 3,572,349 || 2,257,376{{efn|name=Changzhou|New district established after 2010 census: [[Jintan District|Jintan (Jintan CLC)]]. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}} || 5,278,121
|-
| 5 || [[Xuzhou]] || 2,517,693 || 1,735,166{{efn|name=Xuzhou|New district established after 2010 census: [[Tongshan District|Tongshan (Tongshan County)]]. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}} || 9,083,790
|-
| 6 || [[Nantong]] || 1,993,344{{efn|name=Nantong|New district established after 2020 census: [[Haimen, Nantong|Haimen (Haimen CLC)]]. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}} || 1,612,385 || 7,726,635
|-
| 7 || [[Yangzhou]] || 1,846,656 || 1,077,531{{efn|name=Yangzhou|New district established after 2010 census: [[Jiangdu District|Jiangdu (Jiangdu CLC)]]. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}} || 4,559,797
|-
| 8 || [[Yancheng]] || 1,678,542 || 1,136,826{{efn|name=Yancheng|New district established after 2010 census: [[Dafeng District|Dafeng (Dafeng CLC)]]. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}} || 6,709,629
|-
| 9 || [[Kunshan]] || 1,652,159 || 1,118,617 || {{small|''see Suzhou''}}
|-
| 10 || [[Huai'an]] || 1,561,105 || 1,523,655{{efn|name=Huai'an|New district established after 2010 census: [[Hongze District|Hongze (Hongze County)]]. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}} || 4,556,230
|-
| 11 || [[Lianyungang]] || 1,395,701 || 897,393{{efn|name=Lianyungang|New district established after 2010 census: [[Ganyu District|Ganyu (Ganyu County)]]. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}} || 4,599,360
|-
| 12 || [[Jiangyin]] || 1,331,352 || 1,013,670 || {{small|''see Wuxi''}}
|-
| 13 || [[Changshu]] || 1,230,599 || 929,124 || {{small|''see Suzhou''}}
|-
| 14 || [[Taizhou, Jiangsu|Taizhou]] || 1,140,206 || 676,877{{efn|name=Taizhou|New district established after 2010 census: [[Jiangyan District|Jiangyan (Jiangyan CLC)]]. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.}}  || 4,512,762
|-
| 15 || [[Zhenjiang]] || 1,123,813 || 950,516 || 3,210,418
|-
| 16 || [[Zhangjiagang]] || 1,055,893 || 762,625 || {{small|''see Suzhou''}}
|-
| 17 || [[Suqian]] || 940,921 || 783,376 || 4,986,192
|-
| 18 || [[Yixing]] || 889,871 || 710,497 || {{small|''see Wuxi''}}
|-
| 19 || [[Pizhou]] || 850,815 || 631,572 || {{small|''see Xuzhou''}}
|-
| 20 || [[Danyang, Jiangsu|Danyang]] || 792,584 || 500,572 || {{small|''see Zhenjiang''}}
|-
| 21 || [[Rugao]] || 761,879 || 614,909 || {{small|''see Nantong''}}
|-
| 22 || [[Xinghua, Jiangsu|Xinghua]] || 649,849 || 575,288 || {{small|''see Taizhou''}}
|-
| 23 || [[Taixing]] || 619,033 || 553,079 || {{small|''see Taizhou''}}
|-
| 24 || [[Hai'an]] || 601,165 ||bgcolor="lightgrey"| {{efn|name=Hai'an|Hai'an County is currently known as Hai'an CLC after 2010 census.}} || {{small|''see Nantong''}}
|-
| 25 || [[Taicang]] || 586,830 || 435,225 || {{small|''see Suzhou''}}
|-
| 26 || [[Qidong City|Qidong]] || 580,157 || 479,243 || {{small|''see Nantong''}}
|-
| 27 || [[Xinyi, Jiangsu|Xinyi]] || 549,911 || 402,169 || {{small|''see Xuzhou''}}
|-
| 28 || [[Dongtai]] || 524,562 || 489,815 || {{small|''see Yancheng''}}
|-
| 29 || [[Liyang]] || 495,507 || 368,409 || {{small|''see Changzhou''}}
|-
| 30 || [[Jingjiang]] || 453,970 || 388,119 || {{small|''see Taizhou''}}
|-
| 31 || [[Gaoyou]] || 422,816 || 341,069 || {{small|''see Yangzhou''}}
|-
| 32 || [[Jurong, Jiangsu|Jurong]] || 412,996 || 299,033 || {{small|''see Zhenjiang''}} 
|-
| 33 || [[Yizheng]] || 356,995 || 271,969 || {{small|''see Yangzhou''}}
|-
| 34 || [[Yangzhong]] || 221,434 || 179,771 || {{small|''see Zhenjiang''}}
|- bgcolor="lightgrey"
| — || [[Haimen, Nantong|Haimen]] || 661,983{{efn|name=Nantong}} || 453,781 || {{small|''see Nantong''}}
|- bgcolor="lightgrey"
| — || [[Wujiang District, Suzhou|Wujiang]] || {{small|''see Suzhou''}} || 781,771{{efn|name=Suzhou}} || {{small|''see Suzhou''}}
|- bgcolor="lightgrey"
| — || [[Jiangdu District|Jiangdu]] || {{small|''see Yangzhou''}} || 506,706{{efn|name=Yangzhou}} || {{small|''see Yangzhou''}}
|- bgcolor="lightgrey"
| — || [[Jiangyan District|Jiangyan]] || {{small|''see Taizhou''}} || 376,724{{efn|name=Taizhou}} || {{small|''see Taizhou''}}
|- bgcolor="lightgrey"
| — || [[Dafeng District|Dafeng]] || {{small|''see Yancheng''}} || 347,389{{efn|name=Yancheng}} || {{small|''see Yancheng''}}
|- bgcolor="lightgrey"
| — || [[Jintan District|Jintan]] || {{small|''see Changzhou''}} || 275,185{{efn|name=Changzhou}} || {{small|''see Changzhou''}}
|}
{{notelist}}
{{Largest cities
| largest = Most populous
| country = Jiangsu
| kind = cities
| stat_ref = Source: ''China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018'' Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development]] of the People's Republic of China(MOHURD) |url=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls |date=2019 |title=中国城市建设统计年鉴2018 |trans-title=China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 |language=zh |location=Beijing |publisher=China Statistic Publishing House |access-date=November 30, 2021 |archive-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718211023/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| list_by_pop =

| city_1 = Nanjing
| pop_1 = 6,572,000
| img_1 = Nanjing Xinjiekou Skyline.jpg

| city_2 = Suzhou
| pop_2 = 3,572,500
| img_2 = Gate of the Orient 东方之门 dong fang zhi men Suzhou photo Christian Gänshirt 2015.JPG

| city_3 = Wuxi
| pop_3 = 2,588,400
| img_3 = Downtown wuxi.jpg

| city_4 = Changzhou
| pop_4 = 2,340,700
| img_4 = 20090919 Changzhou Imgp5266.jpg

| city_5 = Xuzhou
| pop_5 = 2,066,900

| city_6 = Nantong
| pop_6 = 1,634,100

| city_7 = Huai'an
| pop_7 = 1,604,500

| city_8 = Yancheng
| pop_8 = 1,342,700

| city_9 = Yangzhou
| pop_9 = 1,219,400

| city_10 = Lianyungang
| pop_10 = 1,102,000

| city_11 = Taizhou, Jiangsu{{!}}Taizhou
| pop_11 = 967,600

| city_12 = Zhenjiang
| pop_12 = 888,500

| city_13 = Suqian
| pop_13 = 823,900

| city_14 = Kunshan
| pop_14 = 527,400

| city_15 = Yixing
| pop_15 = 510,400

| city_16 = Changshu
| pop_16 = 436,500

| city_17 = Pizhou
| pop_17 = 405,000

| city_18 = Zhangjiagang
| pop_18 = 384,000

| city_19 = Jiangyin
| pop_19 = 382,500

| city_20 = Danyang, Jiangsu{{!}}Danyang
| pop_20 = 364,400
}}

==Politics==
{{Main|Politics of Jiangsu|List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China}}

The politics of Jiangsu is structured in a one party (Communist) government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.

The [[Governor of Jiangsu]] is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Jiangsu. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jiangsu [[Chinese Communist Party]] Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Jiangsu [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Party Chief]]".

=== Courts ===
In July 2021, the Jiangsu Intermediate Court established a labor tribunal to handle [[Labor relations in China|labor]] disputes arising from the [[platform economy]].<ref name=":Zhang">{{Cite book |last=Zhang |first=Angela Huyue |title=High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2024 |isbn=9780197682258}}</ref>{{Rp|page=183}}

==Economy==
[[File:Ganjiaxiang - industrial panorama - P1070643.JPG|thumb|An industrial landscape in Ganjiaxiang, [[Qixia District]], Nanjing]]

As of 2022, Jiangsu had a gross domestic product (GDP) of [[Renminbi|CNY¥]]12.29 trillion (US$1.83 trillion),<ref name="data2022" /> the [[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP|second-highest]] in China after Guangdong. Its GDP is greater than those of Australia and South Korea, which are the world's 12th- and 13th-largest economies respectively.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |author=International Monetary Fund |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]}}</ref> In 2022, Jiangsu's GDP adjusted by [[purchasing power parity]] was $3.04 trillion, making it the [[List of the largest administrative divisions by GRDP|3rd-largest]] of any country subdivision globally, behind California and Guangdong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Wealth PPP Distribution: Who Are The Leaders Of The Global Economy? - Full Size |url=https://www.visualcapitalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Global-Wealth-PPP-Distribution.html |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=www.visualcapitalist.com}}</ref> Jiangsu's economy in PPP also was just behind that of Italy with a GDP PPP of $ $3.05 trillion, the [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|12th largest in the world]].<ref name=":5" />

Jiangsu is very wealthy among the provinces of China. Its 2022 [[nominal GDP]] per capita reached ¥144,390 (US$21,467), becoming the first province in China to reach the $20,000 mark.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-02-07 |title=Decoding China's 2021 GDP Growth Rate: A Look at Regional Numbers |url=https://www.china-briefing.com/news/chinas-2021-gdp-performance-a-look-at-major-provinces-and-cities/ |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=China Briefing News |language=en|first1=Qian|last1=Zhou|publisher=Dezan Shira & Associates}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> Cities like Nanjing, [[Suzhou]], and [[Wuxi]] have GDPs per capita around twice the provincial average, making south Jiangsu one of the most prosperous regions in China.

The province has an extensive irrigation system supporting its agriculture, which is based primarily on [[rice]] and [[wheat]], followed by [[maize]] and [[sorghum]]. Main [[cash crop]]s include [[cotton]], [[soybean]]s, [[peanut]]s, [[rapeseed]], [[sesame]], [[hemp|ambary hemp]], and [[tea]]. Other products include [[peppermint]], [[spearmint]], [[bamboo]], [[medicinal herbs]], [[apple]]s, [[pear]]s, [[peach]]es, [[loquat]]s, [[ginkgo]]. [[Silkworm]]s form an important part of Jiangsu's agriculture, with the [[Lake Tai]] region to the south a major base of [[silk]] production in China. Jiangsu is an important producer of freshwater fish and other aquatic products.

Jiangsu has [[coal]], [[petroleum]], and [[natural gas]] deposits, but its most significant mineral products are non-metal minerals such as [[halite]] (rock salt), [[sulfur]], [[phosphorus]], and [[marble]]. The city of Xuzhou is a coal hub of China. The salt mines of [[Huaiyin District, Huai'an|Huaiyin]] have more than 0.4 trillion [[tonne]]s of deposits, one of the greatest collections of deposits in China.

Jiangsu is historically oriented toward light industries such as [[textiles]] and [[food industry]]. Since 1949, Jiangsu has developed heavy industries such as [[chemical industry]] and [[construction material]]s. Jiangsu's important industries include machinery, electronic, chemicals, and automobile.<ref name="thechinaperspective1">{{cite web |url=http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/jiangsu-province/ |title=Jiangsu Province: Economic News and Statistics for Jiangsu's Economy |publisher=Thechinaperspective.com |access-date=2013-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511201549/http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/jiangsu-province/ |archive-date=2013-05-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/data/province/jiangsu.html |title=Country Profile:Jiangsu province -People's Daily Online |publisher=English.peopledaily.com.cn |access-date=2013-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527231804/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/data/province/jiangsu.html |archive-date=2013-05-27 |url-status=live}}</ref> The government has worked hard to promote the solar industry and hoped by 2012 the solar industry would be worth 100 billion RMB.<ref>[The China Perspective http://thechinaperspective.com/articles/jiangsusettoreacha100bphotovoltaicindustry6597/index.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119050017/http://thechinaperspective.com/articles/jiangsusettoreacha100bphotovoltaicindustry6597/index.html |date=2009-11-19}}]</ref> Jiangsu's economy growth has directly benefited from the reform Chinese's policies, and its growth trajectory reflects that of many other coastal provinces, such as Zhejiang and Shandong.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wei|first1=Yehua Dennis|last2=Fan|first2=C. Cindy|date=2010-09-17|title=Regional Inequality in China: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/0033-0124.00238?needAccess=true&|journal=The Professional Geographer|volume=52|issue=3|pages=455–469|language=en|doi=10.1111/0033-0124.00238|s2cid=11030401|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The [[Chinese economic reform|economic reforms]] of [[Deng Xiaoping]] have greatly benefited southern cities, especially [[Suzhou]] and [[Wuxi]], which outstrip the provincial capital, [[Nanjing]], in total output. In the eastern outskirts of Suzhou, [[Singapore]] has built the [[Suzhou Industrial Park]], a flagship of Sino-[[Singapore]]an cooperation and the only industrial park in China that is in its entirety the investment of a single foreign country.

Jiangsu contains over 100 different economic and technological development zones devoted to different types of investments.<ref name="RightSite.Asia">{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/advanced-search/industrialzone?keys=&location=919&zone_type=Economic+and+Technological+Development+Zone |title=Search Results: Economic and Technological Development Zones in Jiangsu |access-date=2016-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215123658/http://rightsite.asia/en/advanced-search/industrialzone?keys=&location=919&zone_type=Economic+and+Technological+Development+Zone |archive-date=2018-12-15 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|title = Historical population
|footnote = Shanghai was part of Jiangsu Province until 1927. <br> Nanjing part of Jiangsu Province until 1927; dissolved in 1952 and incorporated into Jiangsu Province.
|1912<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1912年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032922/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |32,283,000
|1928<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1928年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032924/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |34,126,000
|1936–37<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1936–37年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032925/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |36,469,000
|1947<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1947年全国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913053600/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm|archive-date=13 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> |36,080,000
|1954<ref name="census1954">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |archive-date=2009-08-05}}</ref> |41,252,192
|1964<ref name="census1964">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |script-title=zh:第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |archive-date=2012-09-14}}</ref> |44,504,608
|1982<ref name="census1982">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |archive-date=2012-05-10}}</ref> |60,521,114
|1990<ref name="census1990">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |archive-date=2012-06-19}}</ref> |67,056,519
|2000<ref name="census2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |script-title=zh:现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |archive-date=2012-08-29}}</ref> |73,043,577
|2010<ref name="census2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |title=Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |archive-date=2013-07-27}}</ref> |78,659,903
}}
The majority of Jiangsu residents are ethnic [[Han Chinese]]. Other minorities include the [[Hui people|Hui]] and the [[Manchu]]s. In 2021, 73.94 percent of the province lived in urban areas, while 26.06 lived in rural areas.<ref name="data2022" />

; Demographic indicators in 2021
Population: 85.05 million (urban: 62.89 million; rural: 39.421 million)<br>
[[Birth rate]]: 5.65 per 1000<br>
[[Death rate]]: 6.77 per 1000<br>
[[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]: 103.05 males per 100 females<br>
[[Literacy rate]]: 96.94%

=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Religion in Jiangsu<ref name="Wang2015">China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by: [https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 Xiuhua Wang (2015, p.&nbsp;15)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 |date=2015-09-25 }}</ref>{{NoteTag|The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)<ref name="Wang2015" /> in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organized into [[Chinese lineage associations|lineage "churches"]] and [[ancestral shrine]]s). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang.}}
| label1 = [[Chinese ancestral religion]]
| value1 = 16.67
| color1 = FireBrick
| label2 = [[Christianity]]
| value2 = 2.64
| color2 = DodgerBlue
| label3 = Other religions or not religious people{{NoteTag|This may include:
* [[Buddhism|Buddhists]];
* [[Confucianism|Confucians]];
* [[Chinese folk religion|Deity worshippers]];
* [[Taoism|Taoists]];
* Members of [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]];
* Small minorities of [[Muslim]]s;
* And people not bounded to, nor practicing any, institutional or diffuse religion.}}
| value3 = 80.69
| color3 = Honeydew
}}

The predominant religions in Jiangsu are [[Chinese folk religion]]s, [[Taoism|Taoist traditions]] and [[Chinese Buddhism]]. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 16.67% of the population believes and is involved in [[Chinese ancestral religion|cults of ancestors]], while 2.64% of the population identifies as Christian.<ref name="Wang2015"/> The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 80.69% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in [[Chinese folk religion|worship of nature deities]], Buddhism, [[Confucianism]], Taoism, [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]], and small minorities of [[Muslim]]s.

In 2010, there were 130,757 Muslims in Jiangsu.<ref>{{cite web |title = Muslim in China, Muslim Population & Distribution & Minority in China |url = https://www.topchinatravel.com/china-muslim/muslim-in-china.htm |access-date = 2021-08-16 |website = topchinatravel.com }}</ref>

{|
| <gallery mode="packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%;">
File:Zhen Wu Temple in Yangzhou 07 2011-04.JPG|Altar of the [[Three Pure Ones]] at the Temple of [[Zhenwu]] in [[Yangzhou]].
File:Wuxi Xiangfu Temple.jpg|Xiangfu Buddhist Temple in [[Wuxi]].
File:Tianfei Gong - main courtyard - P1070390.JPG|Main courtyard of the Temple of [[Mazu (deity)|Tianfei]] in [[Nanjing]].
</gallery>
|}

==Transportation==
===Air===
[[Nanjing Lukou International Airport]] {{airport codes|NKG}} serves as the major airport in the province, with flights to Tokyo, Osaka, Hong Kong, Seoul-Incheon, Frankfurt, Bangkok, Milan, Vancouver and Los Angeles. Other passenger airports include [[Sunan Shuofang International Airport]], [[Changzhou Benniu Airport]], [[Yangzhou Taizhou International Airport]], and [[Nantong Xingdong Airport]]. Air traffic in the populated [[Suzhou]] area is often diverted to [[Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport]], to which Suzhou is conveniently connected to via bus services and by expressway.

[[Xuzhou Guanyin International Airport]], [[Yancheng Nanyang International Airport]], and [[Lianyungang Baitabu Airport]] serve as hubs in northern Jiangsu.

===Rail===
{{Main|Railways in Jiangsu}}

The southern part of the province, namely the Shanghai-Nanjing corridor, has very high-frequency rail services. Jiangsu is on the [[Jinghu railway]] from [[Beijing]] to [[Shanghai]], as well as the high speed line between the two cities: [[Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway]] and [[Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway]], completed in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Since the completion of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed line, travel time between Beijing and Nanjing has been reduced to approximately four hours (from eleven hours previously); travel time between Nanjing and Shanghai on the fastest high-speed trains takes just over an hour.

As of 2022, all major cities in Jiangsu have been connected by high-speed lines, including: [[Shanghai-Nanjing intercity railway]] since 2010, [[Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway]] since 2011, [[Nanjing–Hangzhou high-speed railway]] since 2013, [[Nanjing–Anqing intercity railway]] since 2015, [[Lianyungang–Zhenjiang high-speed railway]] since 2020, [[Xuzhou–Yancheng high-speed railway]] since 2019, [[Yancheng–Nantong high-speed railway]] since 2020, [[Shanghai–Suzhou–Nantong railway]] since 2020, and [[Lianyungang–Xuzhou high-speed railway]] since 2021.

===Road===
Jiangsu's road network is one of the most developed in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.coicjs.org/News/Detail2-113.aspx|title=Jiangsu Chamber of International Commerce|work=coicjs.org|access-date=22 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417141641/http://en.coicjs.org/News/Detail2-113.aspx|archive-date=17 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway|Beijing–Shanghai Expressway (G2)]] enters the province from the north and passes through Huai'an, Yangzhou, Taizhou, and Wuxi on the way to Shanghai; travelling from Shanghai westbound, the G2 forks at [[Wuxi]] and continues onto Nanjing separately as G42, the [[Shanghai–Nanjing Expressway]], which serves the widely travelled southern corridor of the province. The [[Ningchang Expressway]] links Nanjing with [[Changzhou]]. The [[Suzhou]] area is extensively networked with expressways, going in all directions. The [[Yanhai Expressway]] links the coastal regions of the province, passing through [[Nantong]], [[Yancheng]], and [[Lianyungang]].

Historically, the province was divided by the Yangtze River into northern and southern regions. The first bridge across the river in Jiangsu, the [[Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge]], was completed in 1968 during the [[Cultural Revolution]]. The second bridge crossing, [[Jiangyin Suspension Bridge|Jiangyin Bridge]], opened 30 years later at [[Jiangyin]]. As of October 2014, there were 11 [[Yangtze River bridges and tunnels|cross-Yangtze bridges]] in the province, including the five in Nanjing, which also has two cross-river tunnels. The Jiangyin Bridge ({{convert|1385|m|ft|abbr=on}}), [[Runyang Bridge]] (opened in 2005, connecting Yangzhou and Zhenjiang, {{convert|1490|m|ft|abbr=on}}), and [[Fourth Nanjing Yangtze Bridge|Fourth Nanjing Bridge]] (opened in 2012; {{convert|1418|m|ft|abbr=on}}) all rank among the ten [[List of longest suspension bridge spans|longest suspension bridges]] in the world. The [[Sutong Bridge]], opened in 2008, connecting Nantong and Changshu, has one of the [[List of longest cable-stayed bridge spans|longest]] [[cable-stayed bridge]] spans in the world, at {{convert|1088|m|ft|abbr=on}}.

===Metro (subway)===
As of December 2022, Jiangsu has six cities that have operational subway systems, together with an extra city ([[Huai'an]]) currently under construction. These six cities are [[Nanjing]], [[Suzhou]], [[Wuxi]], [[Changzhou]], [[Xuzhou]] and [[Nantong]].

The [[Nanjing Metro]] was opened in September 2005. It was the sixth city in mainland China that opened up a metro system. As of December 2019 the city currently has 11 metro lines ([[Line 1 (Nanjing Metro)|Line 1]], [[Line 2 (Nanjing Metro)|Line 2]], [[Line 3 (Nanjing Metro)|Line 3]], [[Line 4 (Nanjing Metro)|Line 4]], [[Line 10 (Nanjing Metro)|Line 10]], [[Line S1 (Nanjing Metro)|Line S1]], [[Line S3 (Nanjing Metro)|Line S3]], [[Line S6 (Nanjing Metro)|Line S6]], [[Line S7 (Nanjing Metro)|Line S7]], [[Line S8 (Nanjing Metro)|Line S8]] and [[Line S9 (Nanjing Metro)|Line S9]]), with several extra ones (i.e. [[Line 5 (Nanjing Metro)|Line 5]]) under construction.

The [[Suzhou Metro]] was opened in April 2012. As of May 2025, it currently has nine operational lines: [[Line 1 (Suzhou Metro)|Line 1]], [[Line 2 (Suzhou Metro)|Line 2]], [[Line 3 (Suzhou Metro)|Line 3]], [[Line 4 (Suzhou Metro)|Line 4]], [[Line 5 (Suzhou Metro)|Line 5]], [[Line 6 (Suzhou Metro)|Line 6]], [[Line 7 (Suzhou Metro)|Line 7]], [[Line 8 (Suzhou Metro)|Line 8]], and [[Line 11 (Suzhou Metro)|Line 11]], one under construction ([[Line 10 (Suzhou Metro)|Line 10]]), and at least 2 under planning ([[Line 9 (Suzhou Metro)|Line 9]] and [[Line S4 (Suzhou Metro)|Line S4]]). Planned lines are expected to be operational by 2035.

The [[Wuxi Metro]] was opened in July 2014. The system is currently composed of four operational lines by 2022: [[Line 1 (Wuxi Metro)|Line 1]], [[Line 2 (Wuxi Metro)|Line 2]], [[Line 3 (Wuxi Metro)|Line 3]] and [[Line 4 (Wuxi Metro)|Line 4]]. It also has two other lines under construction: [[Line S1 (Wuxi Metro)|Line S1]] and an extension of [[Line 4 (Wuxi Metro)|Line 4]].

The [[Changzhou Metro]] was opened in September 2019. The system currently only has two lines operational, [[Line 1 (Changzhou Metro)|Line 1]] and [[Line 2 (Changzhou Metro)|Line 2]].

The [[Xuzhou Metro]] was opened in September 2019, a few days after the [[Changzhou Metro]] started operations. The system currently only has three lines operational, [[Line 1 (Xuzhou Metro)|Line 1]], [[Line 2 (Xuzhou Metro)|Line 2]] and [[Line 3 (Xuzhou Metro)|Line 3]].

The [[Nantong Metro]] was opened in November 2022. It has one operating line: [[Line 1 (Nantong Metro)|Line 1]] and another line under construction: [[Line 2 (Nantong Metro)|Line 2]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=南通轨道交通 |url=https://www.ntrailway.com/html/ntrt/default/xinwenzhongxin/gongsidongtai/1590908591735316481.html |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=www.ntrailway.com}}</ref>

The [[Huai'an Metro]], also known as the Huai'an Rail System, began construction in November 2018. There are seven lines planned: Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 5, Line S1, and Line S2. It is expected to start operations before 2025.

==Culture==
The four mass migrations in the 4th, 8th, 12th and 14th centuries had been influential in shaping the regional culture of Jiangsu. According to dialects and the other factors, the province can be roughly segmented four major cultural subdivisions: [[Wu Chinese|Wu]] ({{lang|zh-hans|吴}}), Jinling ({{lang|zh|金陵}}), [[Sinitic languages#Huai|Huaiyang]] ({{lang|zh-hans|淮扬}}) and [[Sinitic languages#Central Plains and Lanyin Mandarin|Xuhuai]] ({{lang|zh|徐淮}}), from southeast to northwest.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} The belts of transition blurred the boundaries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jssdfz.jiangsu.gov.cn/col/col59258/index.html|script-title=zh:江苏省地方志 文化|website=jssdfz.jiangsu.gov.cn|access-date=2017-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231212358/http://jssdfz.jiangsu.gov.cn/col/col59258/index.html|archive-date=2017-12-31|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title="Jiangsu Provincial Geography" (in Chinese)|publisher=Beijing Normal University Publishing Group|year=2011|isbn=9787303131686|location=Beijing}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://xcb.huaian.gov.cn/xcbdwjs/zcfg/content/75812.html|script-title=zh:江苏省2001-2010年文化大省建设规划纲要 淮安宣传网-中共淮安市委宣传部主办|publisher=Huai'an People's Government|website=xcb.huaian.gov.cn|access-date=2017-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231212148/http://xcb.huaian.gov.cn/xcbdwjs/zcfg/content/75812.html|archive-date=2017-12-31|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Group
! Wuyue
! colspan=2 | Lower Yangtze
! Central Plains
|-
! Designation
! Wu
! Jinling
! Huaiyang
! Xuhuai
|-
| Major dialect
| Wu Chinese
| Lower Yangtze Mandarin
| Lower Yangtze Mandarin
| Central Plains Mandarin
|-
| Core
| Suzhou
| Nanjing
| Yangzhou
| Xuzhou
|}

[[File:The Humble Administrator's Garden, Suzhou, China (37825378061).jpg|alt=|thumb|250x250px|The Humble Administrator's Garden, one of the classical gardens of [[Suzhou]].]]

Jiangsu is rich in cultural traditions. ''[[Kunqu]]'', originating in [[Kunshan]], is one of the most renowned and prestigious forms of [[Chinese opera]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.china-art-collection.com/en/discover-asia/geography/jiangsu.htm|title=China Collection: Online Gallery - Discover Asia - Geography, Provinces, 4|last=Luxembourg|first=China Collection -|website=www.china-art-collection.com|language=en|access-date=2018-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228100721/http://www.china-art-collection.com/en/discover-asia/geography/jiangsu.htm|archive-date=2018-02-28|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=January 2017}} ''[[Pingtan (artform)|Pingtan]]'', a form of storytelling accompanied by music, is also popular: it can be subdivided into types by origin: [[Suzhou Pingtan]] (of [[Suzhou]]), [[Yangzhou Pingtan]] (of [[Yangzhou]]), and [[Nanjing Pingtan]] (of [[Nanjing]]). [[Wuxi opera]], a form of traditional [[Chinese opera]], is popular in [[Wuxi]], while [[Huaiju]] is popular further north, around [[Yancheng]]. [[Jiangsu cuisine]] is one of the eight great traditions of the [[cuisine of China]].

[[Suzhou]] is also well known for its silk, [[Chinese embroidery]], [[jasmine tea]], stone bridges, [[pagodas]], and classical gardens. Nearby [[Yixing]] is noted for its [[teaware]] while Yangzhou is known for its [[lacquerware]] and [[jadeware]]. [[Nanjing]]'s ''[[yunjin]]'' is a noted type of woven silk.

Since ancient times, south Jiangsu has been famed for its prosperity and opulence, and simply inserting south Jiangsu place names (Suzhou, Yangzhou, etc.) into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess,{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} as was indeed done by many famous poets. In particular, the fame of Suzhou (as well as [[Hangzhou]] in neighbouring [[Zhejiang]]) has led to the popular saying: {{lang|zh-hant|上有天堂，下有蘇杭}} ("above there is heaven; below there are Suzhou and [[Hangzhou]]"), a saying that continues to be a source of pride for the people of these two still prosperous cities. Similarly, the prosperity of Yangzhou has led poets to dream of: {{lang|zh-hant|腰纏十萬貫，騎鶴下揚州}} ("with a hundred thousand [[Ancient Chinese currency|strings of coins]] wrapped around its waist, a [[crane (bird)|crane]] landed in Yangzhou").

== Education and research ==
=== Higher education ===
{{Main list|List of universities and colleges in Jiangsu|Project 211
}}

As of 2022, Jiangsu hosts 168 institutions of higher education, ranking first of all Chinese provinces.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title="List of National Colleges and Universities - Government Portal of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China" |url=http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/s5743/s5744/A03/202206/t20220617_638352.html |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=www.moe.gov.cn}}</ref> There are two [[Project 985]], 11 [[Project 211]], and 16 [[Double First-Class Construction]] universities in the province. A combination of 93 members of [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]] and [[Chinese Academy of Engineering]] work in Jiangsu.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.jssb.gov.cn/tjxxgk/tjfx/sjfx/201602/t20160229_278000.html|script-title=zh:2015年江苏省国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |publisher = Jiangsu Bureau of Statistics |access-date=2016-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128052711/http://www.jssb.gov.cn/tjxxgk/tjfx/sjfx/201602/t20160229_278000.html|archive-date=2016-11-28|url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2023, four major cities in Jiangsu ranked in the world's top 200 (Nanjing 6th, Suzhou 40th, Zhenjiang 166th and Wuxi 188th) cities by scientific research output, as tracked by the [[Nature Index]].<ref name=":2" />

==== Double First Class Universities in Jiangsu ====
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
! rowspan="4" |Jiangsu (16)
!'''[[Nanjing]]''' (13)
|
* [[China Pharmaceutical University]]
* [[Hohai University]]
* [[Nanjing Aeronautics and Astronautics University]]
* [[Nanjing Agricultural University]]
* [[Nanjing Forestry University]]
* [[Nanjing Medical University]]
* [[Nanjing Normal University]]
* [[Nanjing University]]
* [[Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine]]
* [[Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology]]
* [[Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications]]
* [[Nanjing University of Science and Technology]]
* [[Southeast University]]
|-
![[Wuxi]]
|
* [[Jiangnan University]]
|-
![[Suzhou]]
|
* [[Soochow University (Suzhou)|Soochow University]]
|-
![[Xuzhou]]
|
* [[China University of Mining and Technology]]
|}
'''Other Major Research Universities in Jiangsu'''
* [[Jiangsu University]]
* [[Jiangsu Normal University]]
* [[Yangzhou University]]
* [[Nanjing Tech University]]
* [[Jiangsu University of Science and Technology]]
* [[Changzhou University]]
* [[Nantong University]]
* [[Suzhou University of Science and Technology]]
* [[Nanjing Institute of Technology]]
* [[Huaiyin Institute of Technology]]

=== Additional schools ===
* [[Nanjing Jinling High School]]
* [[Tianyi middle School]]
* [[Xishan Senior High School]]
* [[Qianhuang Senior High School]]
* [[School of Foreign Languages and Cultures of NNU]]
* [[Xuyi High School]]

==Tourism==
[[Nanjing]] was the capital of several Chinese dynasties and contains a variety of historic sites, such as the [[Purple Mountain (Nanjing)|Purple Mountain]], [[Purple Mountain Observatory]], the [[Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum]], [[City Wall of Nanjing|Ming dynasty city wall and gates]], [[Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum]] (the mausoleum of the first Ming Emperor, [[Hongwu Emperor]]), [[Xuanwu Lake]], [[Jiming Temple]], the [[Nanjing Massacre]] Memorial, [[Nanjing Fuzimiao|Nanjing Confucius Temple]], [[Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge]], and the [[Nanjing Zoo]], along with its circus. [[Suzhou]] is renowned for its classical gardens (designated as a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]), as well as the [[Hanshan Temple]], and [[Huqiu Tower]]. Nearby is the water-town of [[Zhouzhuang, Kunshan|Zhouzhuang]], an international tourist destination with Venice-like waterways, bridges and dwellings, which have been preserved over centuries. [[Yangzhou]] is known for [[Slender West Lake]]. [[Wuxi]] is known for being the home of the world's tallest Buddha statue. In the north, [[Xuzhou]] is designated as one of China's "eminent historical cities". The official travel and tourism website for Jiangsu<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tastejiangsu.com/|title=official travel and tourism website for Jiangsu|access-date=2010-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103072207/http://tastejiangsu.com/|archive-date=2010-01-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> was set up in 2008.
* [[Lion Garden]] in [[Suzhou]]
* [[Grand Buddha at Ling Shan]], [[Wuxi]]
* [[Chaotian Palace]]
* [[Qixia Temple]]
* [[Pagoda of Tianning Temple (Changzhou)|Tianning Temple Pagoda]]
* [[Tombs of Southern Tang Emperor]]
* [[Yangzhong Puffer Fish]]

==Sports==
[[File:Nanjing Olympic Sports Center inner view (2016).jpg|thumb|[[Nanjing Olympic Sports Center]].]]

Professional sports teams in Jiangsu include:
* [[China League One]]
** [[Nanjing City F.C.]]
** [[Nantong Zhiyun F.C.]]
** [[Suzhou Dongwu F.C.]]
* [[China League Two]]
** [[Wuxi Wugo F.C.]]
* [[Chinese Basketball Association]]
** [[Jiangsu Dragons]]
** [[Nanjing Monkey King]]
* [[Chinese Volleyball League]]
** [[Jiangsu ECE VC|Jiangsu Zenith Steel]]
* [[China Baseball League]]
** [[Jiangsu Pegasus]]
<!--
==Nature==
* [[Yancheng Coastal Wetlands]]

-->

==International relations==
===Twin Provinces===
Source:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://wb.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2016/10/11/art_327_231866.html | title=江苏省外事办 友城风采 省级友城统计表（截止2016年9月，共32对） }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country
! State/Province
! Time
|-
| {{AUS}}
|[[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]]
| 1979/11/18
|-
| {{JPN}}
|[[Aichi Prefecture|Aichi]]
| 1980/7/28
|-
| {{PRK}}
|[[Kangwon Province (North Korea)|Kangwon]]
| 1984/11/8
|-
| {{CAN}}
|[[Ontario]]
| 1985/11/21
|-
| {{USA}}
|[[New York State|New York]]
| 1989/4/21
|-
| {{GBR}}
|[[Essex]]
| 1992/7/16
|-
| {{DEU}}
|[[North Rhine-Westphalia]]
| 1992/8/1
|-
| {{ITA}}
|[[Tuscany]]
| 1992/9/18
|-
| {{JPN}}
|[[Fukuoka Prefecture|Fukuoka]]
| 1992/11/4
|-
| {{PAK}}
|[[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]
| 1993/12/28
|-
| {{DEU}}
|[[Baden-Württemberg]]
| 1994/4/23
|-
| {{NLD}}
|[[North Brabant]]
| 1994/9/9
|-
| {{KOR}}
|[[North Jeolla Province|North Jeolla]]
| 1994/10/27
|-
| {{BRA}}
|[[Minas Gerais]]
| 1996/3/27
|-
| {{ITA}}
|[[Veneto]]
| 1998/6/22
|-
| {{SWE}}
|[[Östergötland County|Östergötland]]
| 1999/3/22
|-
| {{RUS}}
|[[Moscow Oblast]]
| 1999/8/20
|-
| {{BEL}}
|[[Namur Province|Namur]]
| 2000/5/7
|-
| {{ZAF}}
|[[Free State (province)|Free state]]
| 2000/6/7
|-
| {{POL}}
|[[Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Lesser Poland]]
| 2000/11/16
|-
| {{FIN}}
|[[Southern Finland Province|Southern Finland]]
| 2001/5/11
|-
| {{COL}}
|[[Atlántico Department|Atlántico]]
| 2001/6/4
|-
| {{MYS}}
|[[Malacca]]
| 2002/9/18
|-
| {{FRA}}
|[[Alsace]]
| 2007/05/24
|-
| {{MEX}}
|[[Baja California]]
| 2006/8/23
|-
| {{SWI}}
|[[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]]
| 2011/4/26
|-
| {{USA}}
|[[California]]
|2011/7/18
|-
| {{TUR}}
|[[İzmir Province|İzmir]]
|2012/4/30
|-
| {{ESP}}
|[[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque]]
|2012/4/27
|-
| {{DNK}}
|[[Capital Region of Denmark|Capital Region]]
|2015/1/30
|-
| {{BLR}}
|[[Mogilev Region|Mogilev]]
|2015/5/10
|-
| {{NAM}}
|[[Khomas Region|Khomas]]
|2015/6/19
|-
| {{MAS}}
|[[Kedah]]
|2023/10/6
|-
|}

===Twin towns and sister cities===
Source:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://wb.jiangsu.gov.cn/art/2016/10/11/art_327_231867.html | title=江苏省外事办 友城风采 市县友城统计表（截止2016年9月，共268对） }}</ref>
* [[Nanjing]] with {{flagdeco|JPN}} [[Aichi]], Japan<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.aichi.jp/soshiki/kokusai/belgiummou.html |script-title=ja:ベルギー3地域と「友好交流及び相互協力に関する覚書」を締結 |access-date=15 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828190416/http://www.pref.aichi.jp/soshiki/kokusai/belgiummou.html |archive-date=28 August 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|China}}
* [[Aviation Martyrs' Cemetery]]
* [[Jiangsu-Hong Kong Personnel Training Cooperation Programme]]
* [[Major national historical and cultural sites (Jiangsu)|Major national historical and cultural sites in Jiangsu]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
{{NoteFoot}}

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
* [http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/mpjis.htm Economic profile for Jiangsu] at [[Hong Kong Trade Development Council|HKTDC]]
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4448 Complete Map of the Seven Coastal Provinces] from 1821 to 1850 {{in lang|en|zh}}

{{Geographic location
| Centre = Jiangsu
| North =
| Northeast = ''[[Yellow Sea]]''
| East =
| Southeast = [[Shanghai]] <br> ''[[East China Sea]]''
| South = [[Zhejiang]]
| Southwest =
| West = [[Anhui]]
| Northwest = [[Shandong]]
}}
{{Jiangsu topics}}
{{Jiangsu}}
{{Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jiangsu| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:East China]]
[[Category:Provinces of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Yangtze River Delta]]