View source for Duke of Devonshire

{{Short description|Title in the Peerage of England}}
{{other uses}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name              = Dukedom of Devonshire 
| image             = [[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|150px|center]] [[File:Arms of Cavendish.svg|180px]] 
| image_size        =  
| alt               =  
| caption           = ''Sable three bucks' heads cabossed argent''<ref>''Debrett's Peerage'', 1968, p.355</ref>
| creation_date     = {{birth date|1694|5|12|df=y}} 
| creation          =  
| monarch           = [[William III of England|William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Mary II]] 
| peerage           = [[Peerage of England]] 
| baronetage        =  
| first_holder      = [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire|William Cavendish, 4th Earl of Devonshire]]
| last_holder       =  
| present_holder    = [[Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire|Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke]] 
| heir_apparent     = [[William Cavendish, Earl of Burlington]] 
| heir_presumptive  =  
| remainder_to      = the 1st Duke's [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten 
| subsidiary_titles = Marquess of Hartington<br />[[Earl of Devonshire]]<br />[[Earl of Burlington]] (from 1858)<br />[[Baron Clifford]] (1764–1858)<br />Baron Cavendish<br />Baron Cavendish of Keighley (from 1858) 
| status            =  
| extinction_date   =  
| family_seat       = [[Chatsworth House]]<br/>[[Bolton Abbey]]<br/>[[Lismore Castle]]<ref name="telegraph2004">{{cite news|title=Obituary: The Duke of Devonshire|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1460991/The-Duke-of-Devonshire.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1460991/The-Duke-of-Devonshire.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=30 June 2016|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=5 May 2004}}{{cbignore}}</ref> 
| former_seat       = [[Londesborough Hall]]<br/>[[Hardwick Hall]]<br/>[[Chiswick House]]<br/>[[Devonshire House]]<br/>[[Burlington House]] 
| motto             = ''Cavendo Tutus'' ("Safe through Caution")<ref>{{cite news|last1=Moore|first1=Charles|title=If a duke doesn't put on a show, he's not doing his job properly|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3605736/If-a-duke-doesnt-put-on-a-show-hes-not-doing-his-job-properly.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/personal-view/3605736/If-a-duke-doesnt-put-on-a-show-hes-not-doing-his-job-properly.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=30 June 2016|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=8 May 2004}}{{cbignore}}</ref> 
| footnotes         =  
}}
'''Duke of Devonshire''' is a [[Hereditary title|title]] in the [[Peerage of England]], held by a senior branch of the [[Cavendish family]], one of the most prominent [[Aristocracy|aristocratic]] houses in Britain since the 16th century. It was created in 1694 for the [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire|4th Earl of Devonshire]]. The family has historically amassed considerable wealth and wielded significant [[Politics|political influence]], with several members holding senior positions in [[Government of the United Kingdom|government]]. Alongside the Cecils ([[Marquess of Salisbury|Marquesses of Salisbury]]) and the Stanleys ([[Earl of Derby|Earls of Derby]]), they have long been regarded as one of the most powerful families in the British [[nobility]].

==History==
Although the Cavendish [[Family seat|family estates]] are centred in [[Derbyshire]], they hold the titles of "Duke of [[Devonshire]]" and their subsidiary title of [[Earl of Devonshire|earldom of Devonshire]] (neither peerage is related to the ancient title of [[Earl of Devon]]). The first Earl may have chosen "Devonshire" simply because places and lands he was associated with were already attached to existing peerages at the [[College of Arms]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2sXyPiWJMxgC&pg=PA90|title=The Devonshires: The Story of a Family and a Nation|isbn= 9780701186241|publisher= Chatto & Windus|page=90|authorlink= Roy Hattersley|first=Roy |last=Hattersley|year=2013 }}</ref> The title remains associated with "Devonshire" even though in modern usage it is the [[Counties of the United Kingdom|county]] of [[Devon]]. Another reason for the choice of a non-local or regional name was to avoid antagonising the powerful [[Stanley family]] from the [[Midlands]] who had strong associations with Derbyshire since their ancestors had been gifted estates in the county by [[William the Conqueror]], and they had also been the [[Earl of Derby|Earls of Derby]] since the late 15th century.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/magna-britannia/vol5/xlviii-lxii|title=Magna Britannia|volume =5|publisher= T Cadell and W Davies, London|year= 1817}}</ref> (See [[Peerages in the United Kingdom#Ranks|British peerage ranks]].)

Every Duke of Devonshire has so far been appointed a [[Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter]], except ({{as of | 2023|lc = on}}) the present one.

===Cavendish knights, and the 1st Earl of Devonshire===
[[Image:4th Duke of Devonshire after Hudson.jpg|thumb|right|[[William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire]] briefly Prime Minister between 1756 and 1757.]]

The Cavendish family descends from [[John Cavendish|Sir John Cavendish]], who took his name from the village of [[Cavendish, Suffolk]], where he held an estate in the 14th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.europeanheraldry.org/united-kingdom/families/families-f/house-cavendish/|title=European Heraldry :: House of Cavendish (Devonshire)|website=europeanheraldry.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-09|archive-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809211028/http://www.europeanheraldry.org/united-kingdom/families/families-f/house-cavendish/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He served as [[Chief Justice of the King's Bench]] from 1372 to 1381, and was killed in the [[Peasants' Revolt]] in 1381. Two of his great-grandsons were [[George Cavendish (writer)|George Cavendish]], [[Thomas Wolsey|Cardinal Thomas  Wolsey]]'s biographer, and George's younger brother [[William Cavendish (courtier)|Sir William Cavendish]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cheshirenow.co.uk/cavendish_family.html|title=The Cavendish Family- Dukes of Devonshire|website=cheshirenow.co.uk|access-date=2017-08-09}}</ref> Sir William gained great wealth from his position in the [[Exchequer]] and also (allegedly) from unfairly taking advantage of the [[dissolution of the Monasteries]]. He married (1547) as his third wife the famous [[Bess of Hardwick]], with whom he had eight children. One of their sons, Sir Charles Cavendish (1553–1617), was the father of [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne]] (1592–1676; see [[Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne]] for more information on this branch of the family), while another son, Henry Cavendish, was the ancestor of the [[Baron Waterpark|Barons Waterpark]]. Yet another son, [[William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire|William Cavendish]] (1552–1626), was a politician and a supporter of the colonization of [[Colony and Dominion of Virginia|Virginia]]. In 1605 he was raised to the peerage as '''Baron Cavendish''', of Hardwicke in the County of Derby, and in 1618 he was further honoured when he was made '''Earl of Devonshire'''. Both titles are in the [[Peerage of England]].

===The 2nd Earl of Devonshire and the first five Dukes of Devonshire===
He was succeeded by his eldest son, [[William Cavendish, 2nd Earl of Devonshire]], who served as [[Lord-Lieutenant of Derbyshire]] and was a patron of the philosopher [[Thomas Hobbes]] (1588&ndash;1679). On his early death in 1628 the titles passed to his son, [[William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire]], who also served as Lord-Lieutenant of Derbyshire. He was succeeded by his son, the [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire|fourth Earl]]. He was a strong supporter of the [[Glorious Revolution]] of 1688 and later served under [[William III of England|William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Mary II]] as [[Lord Steward of the Household]]. In 1694 he was created '''Marquess of Hartington''' and '''Duke of Devonshire''' in the Peerage of England. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the [[William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire|second Duke]], who held political office as [[Lord President of the Council]] and [[Lord Privy Seal]] and was also Lord-Lieutenant of Devonshire. His eldest son, the [[William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire|third Duke]], served as [[Lord Privy Seal]], as Lord Steward of the Household and (from 1737 to 1745) as [[Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland]].

On his death the titles passed to his eldest son, the [[William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire|fourth Duke]], who was a prominent politician. He was summoned to the [[House of Lords]] through a [[writ of acceleration]] in his father's junior title of Baron Cavendish, of Hardwicke in 1751 and served as [[First Lord of the Treasury]] and titular [[Prime Minister of Great Britain]] from 1756 to 1757. Devonshire married [[Charlotte Cavendish, 6th Baroness Clifford|Charlotte Boyle, 6th Baroness Clifford]], daughter of the famous architect [[Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington]] (on whose death in 1753 the earldom of Burlington became extinct). Their third and youngest son [[George Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington|Lord George Cavendish]] was recreated [[Earl of Burlington]] in 1831. Devonshire was succeeded by his eldest son, [[William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire|William Cavendish]], who became the fifth Duke of Devonshire. He had already succeeded his mother as seventh [[Baron Clifford]] in 1754. He served as [[Lord-Lieutenant of Derbyshire]] from 1782 to 1811 but is best remembered<ref>[[The Duchess (film)|The Duchess]]</ref> for his first marriage (1774) to [[Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Lady Georgiana Spencer]] (1757&ndash;1806), the celebrated beauty and society hostess.

===The sixth, seventh and eighth Dukes===
Their only son, [[William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire|the sixth Duke]], served as [[Lord Chamberlain of the Household]] from 1827 to 1828 and from 1830 to 1834. Known as the "Bachelor Duke", he never married and on his death in 1858 the barony of Clifford fell into abeyance between his sisters. He was succeeded in the other titles by his first cousin once removed, the second Earl of Burlington, who became [[William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire|the seventh Duke]] (see the [[Earl of Burlington]] for earlier history of this branch of the family). He was the son of [[William Cavendish (1783–1812)|William Cavendish]], eldest son of the aforementioned first Earl of Burlington, youngest son of the fourth Duke. He was [[Lord-Lieutenant of Lancashire]] and Derbyshire and Chancellor of the [[University of London]] and of the [[University of Cambridge]]. He was succeeded by his second, but eldest surviving son, [[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|the eighth Duke]]. The eighth Duke was a noted statesman and the most famous member of the Cavendish family. Known under his [[Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom|courtesy title]] of Marquess of Hartington until 1891, he held political office for a period spanning 40 years, notably as [[Secretary of State for India]] and as [[Secretary of State for War]], and three times declined to become [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]]. He married [[Louisa Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Louise, Dowager Duchess of Manchester]], who became known as the "Double Duchess".

===The ninth, tenth and eleventh Dukes===
[[Image:GG Duke of Devonshire.jpg|thumb|right|Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire, in uniform as [[Governor General of Canada]] (c.1916-1921)]] 

Devonshire died childless and was succeeded by his nephew, [[Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire|the ninth Duke]]. He was the eldest son of [[Lord Edward Cavendish]], third son of the seventh Duke. He was a [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] politician and served as [[Governor General of Canada]] from 1916 to 1921 and as [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]] from 1922 to 1924.

His elder son, the tenth Duke, also a Conservative politician, served as [[Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs]], as [[Under-Secretary of State for India and Burma]] and as [[Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies]]. He married [[Mary Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Lady Mary Gascoyne-Cecil]], who was [[Mistress of the Robes]] to [[Queen Elizabeth II]] from 1953 to 1966.{{CN|date=May 2024}} Their elder son and heir apparent [[William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington]], married [[Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington|Kathleen Kennedy]], daughter of [[Joseph Kennedy]] and sister of the future [[President of the United States]], [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy]]. Lord Hartington was killed in the [[Second World War]] in 1944 shortly after the marriage. The couple had no children.

Devonshire was therefore succeeded by his second and only surviving son, the [[Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire|eleventh Duke]]. He sat on the Conservative benches in the House of Lords and held political office (under his uncle [[Harold Macmillan]] and later under [[Sir Alec Douglas-Home]]) from 1960 to 1964. Devonshire married the Hon. [[Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Deborah Mitford]], the youngest of the famous [[Mitford sisters]]. As of 2022, the titles are held by their second and only surviving son, [[Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire]], who succeeded in 2004.

The ninth and tenth dukes both served as [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Leeds]].

===Other notable members of the Cavendish family===
Numerous other members of the Cavendish family have also gained distinction. [[Lord Henry Cavendish]] (1673–1700), second son of the first Duke, was Member of Parliament for [[Derby (UK Parliament constituency)|Derby]]. [[Lord James Cavendish (died 1751)|Lord James Cavendish]] (died 1751), third son of the first Duke, also represented this constituency in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]. [[Lord Charles Cavendish]] (1704–1783), second son of the second Duke, was a politician and scientist. His son [[Henry Cavendish]] (1731–1810) was an influential scientist noted for his discovery of [[hydrogen]]. [[Lord James Cavendish (d. 1741)|Lord James Cavendish]] (1701–1741), third son of the second Duke, was a soldier and briefly represented [[Malton (UK Parliament constituency)|Malton]] in Parliament. [[Lord George Cavendish (d. 1794)|Lord George Cavendish]] (died 1794), second son of the third Duke, was a long-standing Member of Parliament and served as [[Comptroller of the Household]] from 1761 to 1762. [[Lord Frederick Cavendish (soldier)|Lord Frederick Cavendish]], third son of the third Duke, was a [[Field Marshal (UK)|Field Marshal]] in the Army. [[Lord John Cavendish]], fourth son of the third Duke, was a politician and served as [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] in 1782 and 1783.

[[Image:Chatsworth showing hunting tower.jpg|thumb|350px|right|[[Chatsworth House]], the ancestral seat of the Dukes of Devonshire]]
[[Lord Richard Cavendish (1752–1781)|Lord Richard Cavendish]], second son of the fourth Duke, represented [[Lancaster (UK Parliament constituency)|Lancaster]] and [[Derbyshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Derbyshire]] in the House of Commons. [[Dorothy Bentinck, Duchess of Portland|Lady Dorothy Cavendish]], daughter of the fourth Duke, married Prime Minister [[William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland]] (who assumed the additional surname of Cavendish). [[Sir Augustus Clifford, 1st Baronet|Augustus Clifford]], illegitimate son by the fifth Duke and his mistress and later second wife [[Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Elizabeth Hervey]], was a naval commander and was created a baronet in 1838 (see [[Clifford baronets]]). [[William Cavendish (1783–1812)|William Cavendish]], eldest son of the first Earl of Burlington and father of the seventh Duke, represented [[Aylesbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Aylesbury]] and Derby in Parliament. [[George Henry Compton Cavendish]], second son of the first Earl of Burlington, was Member of Parliament for Aylesbury. The Hon. [[Henry Frederick Compton Cavendish]], third son of the first Earl of Burlington, was a [[general]] in the Army. The Hon. [[Charles Cavendish, 1st Baron Chesham|Charles Compton Cavendish]], fourth son of the first Earl of Burlington, was created [[Baron Chesham]] in 1858.

[[Lord Frederick Cavendish]], third son of the seventh Duke, was a [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] politician. He had just been appointed [[Chief Secretary for Ireland]] in 1882 when he was assassinated by nationalists in [[Phoenix Park]], [[Dublin]]. His wife [[Lucy Cavendish|Lady Frederick (Lucy) Cavendish]] was a pioneer of women's education. [[Lord Edward Cavendish]], fourth and youngest son of the seventh Duke, sat as Member of Parliament for several constituencies. His second son [[Lord Richard Cavendish (1871–1946)|Lord Richard Cavendish]] represented [[North Lonsdale (UK Parliament constituency)|North Lonsdale]] in Parliament. In 1911 he was one of the proposed recipients of peerages in case the Bill that was to become the [[Parliament Act 1911]] was not accepted by the House of Lords. His grandson [[Hugh Cavendish, Baron Cavendish of Furness|Hugh Cavendish]] was created a [[life peer]] as Baron Cavendish of Furness in 1990. [[Lady Dorothy Macmillan|Lady Dorothy Cavendish]], daughter of the ninth Duke, was the wife of Prime Minister [[Harold Macmillan]].

===Courtesy titles and family seats===
The Duke of Devonshire's eldest son may use the [[courtesy title]] ''Marquess of Hartington'', whilst the eldest son of the eldest son may use the title ''Earl of Burlington'', and his eldest son may use the title ''Lord Cavendish''.

[[File:St Peter's Churchyard, Edensor - Cavendish family plot1.JPG|thumb|[[St Peter's Church, Edensor]], Cavendish family plot with the graves of the Dukes of Devonshire]]
The family seats are [[Chatsworth House]], [[Bolton Abbey]] in [[Yorkshire]], and [[Lismore Castle]] in [[County Waterford]], in the [[Republic of Ireland]]. [[Compton Place]] in [[Eastbourne]] belongs to the family (which developed Eastbourne as a seaside resort in the 19th century) but is let. In 1908 [[Holker Hall]], then in [[Lancashire]], now in [[Cumbria]], was left to a junior branch of the family. The family previously owned [[Londesborough Hall]], [[Yorkshire]]; [[Hardwick Hall]], [[Derbyshire]]; [[Chiswick House]], [[Middlesex]]; and two [[London]] mansions on [[Piccadilly]]: [[Devonshire House]] and [[Burlington House]]. In 1907 the Duke owned 192,322 acres across the [[British Isles]], principally in [[Derbyshire]], [[Yorkshire]], [[County Cork]] and [[County Waterford]].<ref>H. Evans, 'Cavendish', ''Our old nobility'' (Рипол Классик), 132.</ref>

The traditional burial place of the Dukes of Devonshire is at [[St Peter's Church, Edensor]], in the closest village to [[Chatsworth House]]. The ducal graves can be found on the highest spot of Edensor's churchyard in the Cavendish family plot.

=={{anchor|Earl}}Earls of Devonshire (1618)==
:''Other titles: Baron Cavendish of Hardwick, in the county of Derby (1605)''
*[[William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire]] (1552–1626) was an English courtier
*[[William Cavendish, 2nd Earl of Devonshire]] (1591–1628), eldest son of the 1st Earl
*[[William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire]] (1617–1684), elder son of the 2nd Earl
*[[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire|William Cavendish, 4th Earl of Devonshire]] (1640–1707) was created '''Duke of Devonshire''' in 1694

==Dukes of Devonshire (1694)==
:''Other titles: Marquess of Hartington, in the county of Derby (1694), Earl of Devonshire (1618) and Baron Cavendish of Hardwick, in the county of Derby (1605)''
[[Image:Wappen Duke of Devonshire.png|thumb|right|300px|'''Armorial Achievement of the Dukes of Devonshire.'''  Arms: Sable, 3 stags' (or bucks') heads caboshed (or cabossed). Crest: A serpent nowed proper (or vert).  Supporters: On either side, a buck (or stag) wreathed (or gorged) about the neck with a chaplet (or garland) of roses proper—but see note! Motto: ''Cavendo tutus'', Safe through caution. NOTE: The stags' head are sometimes given as attired Or; for example, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090207012457/http://www.derbyshiremason.org/pglroot/banner-cavendish-arms.htm].  The garlands should be roses alternately argent and azure (see the preceding, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090206170623/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,850493-1,00.html], and the next).  At least the 6th duke substituted as a crest a buck statant wreathed as the supporters (see the 1836 ''Debrett's Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland'', viewable via Google Books).]]
*[[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire]] (1640–1707), only son of the 3rd Earl 
*[[William Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Devonshire]] (1673–1729), eldest son of the 1st Duke
*[[William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire]] (1698–1755), eldest son of the 2nd Duke
*[[William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire]] (1720–1764), eldest son of the 3rd Duke
''Other titles (5th & 6th Dukes): [[Baron Clifford]] (1628)''
*[[William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire]] (1748–1811), eldest son of the 4th Duke
*[[William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire|William George Spencer Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire]] (1790–1858), only son of the 5th Duke, was called "The Bachelor Duke" and died unmarried
''Other titles (7th Duke onwards): Earl of Burlington and Baron Cavendish of Keighley, in the county of York (1831)''
*[[William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire]] (1808–1891), eldest son of [[William Cavendish (English politician, born 1783)|William Cavendish]] (1783–1812), eldest son of [[George Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington|The 1st Earl of Burlington]] (by the [[Earl of Burlington|second creation]]; 1754–1834), third son of the 4th Duke
*[[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire]] (1833–1908), second son of the 7th Duke, died without issue
*[[Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire|Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire]] (1868–1938), eldest son of Lt.-Col. [[Lord Edward Cavendish]] (1838–1891), fourth son of the 7th Duke
*[[Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire|Edward William Spencer Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire]] (1895–1950), eldest son of the 9th Duke
**[[William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington|William John Robert Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington]] (1917–1944), elder son of the 10th Duke, was killed in action in [[World War II]], without issue
*[[Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire|Andrew Robert Buxton Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire]] (1920–2004), second and younger son of the 10th Duke<ref name="telegraph2004"/>
**Mark Cavendish (born 1941), eldest son of the 11th Duke, died in infancy
*[[Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire|Peregrine Andrew Morny "Stoker" Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire]] (born 1944), second son of the 11th Duke<ref name="telegraph2004"/>

The [[heir apparent]] is the present holder's only son, [[William Cavendish, Earl of Burlington|William "Bill Burlington" Cavendish, Earl of Burlington]] (born 1969), married to [[Laura Cavendish, Countess of Burlington|Laura Montagu (''née'' Roundell)]]. Lord Burlington, although entitled to use the [[courtesy title]] '''Marquess of Hartington''' has continued to be styled by the Burlington title since his father succeeded as 12th Duke.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} The heir-in-line is Lord Burlington's second child and only son, James, Lord Cavendish (born 15 December 2010).{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

==Family tree==
{{Dukes of Devonshire family tree}}

==Line of succession (simplified)==
{{Collapse top|title={{small|Line of succession (simplified)<ref>{{Cite book |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage |publisher=Debrett's |date=2019 |isbn=978-1-9997-6705-1 |editor-last=Morris |editor-first=Susan |edition=150th |volume=1 |location=London |pages=1159–1165 |chapter=Devonshire, Duke of |editor-last2=Bosberry-Scott |editor-first2=Wendy |editor-last3=Belfield |editor-first3=Gervase}}</ref>}}}}
{{tree list}}
* [[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|25px]] ''[[William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire]] (1720–1764)''
**[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|25px]] ''[[William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire]] (1748–1811)''
***[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|25px]] ''[[William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire]] (1790–1858)''
**[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|25px]] ''[[George Cavendish, 1st Earl of Burlington]] (1754–1834)''
***''[[William Cavendish (MP for Derby)|William Cavendish]] (1783–1812)''
****[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|25px]] ''[[William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire|William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire, 7th Marquess of Hartington, 2nd Earl of Burlington]] (1808–1891)''
*****[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|25px]] ''[[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire]] (1833–1908)''
*****''Lt-Col. [[Lord Edward Cavendish]] (1838–1891)''
******[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|25px]] ''[[Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire]] (1868–1938)''
*******[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|25px]] ''[[Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire]] (1895–1950)''
********[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|25px]] ''[[Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire]] (1920–2004)''
*********[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|25px]] '''[[Peregrine Cavendish, 12th Duke of Devonshire]]''' ({{Born in|1944}})
**********'''(1)''' [[William Cavendish, Earl of Burlington]] ({{Born in|1969}})
***********'''(2)''' James, Lord Cavendish ({{Born in|2010}})
******''[[Lord Richard Cavendish (1871–1946)|Lt.-Col Rt. Hon. Lord Richard Cavendish]] (1871–1946)''
*******''Richard Edward Osborne Cavendish (1917–1972)''
********[[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|25px]] '''(3)''' [[Hugh Cavendish, Baron Cavendish of Furness]] ({{Born in|1941}})
*********'''(4)''' Hon. Frederick Richard Toby Cavendish ({{Born in|1972}})
**********'''(5)''' Henry Aurelian William Cavendish ({{Born in|2014}})
**********'''(6)''' Alfred George Augustus Cavendish ({{Born in|2021}})
********'''(7)''' Edward Osborne Cavendish ({{Born in|1955}})
***''General Hon. [[Henry Cavendish (British Army officer)|Henry Cavendish]] (1789–1873)
****''William Henry Frederick Cavendish (1817–1881)''
*****''Cecil Charles Cavendish (1855–1931)''
******''Brigadier Ronald Valentine Cecil Cavendish (1896–1943)''
*******''Maj-Gen. Peter Boucher Cavendish (1925–2011)''
********male issue in line
*******''[[Robin Cavendish|Robin Francis Cavendish]] (1930–1994)''
********male issue in line
****''Francis William Henry Cavendish (1820–1893)''
*****''Reginald Richard Frederick Cavendish (1857–1941)
******''Godfrey Lionel John Cavendish (1884–1914)''
*******''Hubert Gordon Compton Cavendish (1913–1993)
********male issue in line
*****''Ernest Lionel Francis Cavendish (1863–1946)''
******''Alwyn Lionel Compton Cavendish (1890–1928)''
*******''Charles Francis Alwyn Compton Cavendish (1919–2009)''
********male issue in line
****''George Henry Cavendish (1824–1889)''
*****''William Henry Alexander George Delmar Cavendish (1849–1919)''
******''Charles Alfred William Delmar (1878–1939)''
*******''Richard Blake Delmar Cavendish (1916–1980)''
********male issue in line
******''William Henry George Cavendish (1886–1965)''
*******''Edwin Pearson Delmar Cavendish (1908–1970)''
********''Adrian Delmar Cavendish (1947–2019)''
*********male issue in line
*******''William Delmar Cavendish (1911–1997)''
********male issue in line
***[[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|25px]] ''[[Charles Cavendish, 1st Baron Chesham]] (1793–1863)''
****[[File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|25px]] ''[[Baron Chesham|Barons Chesham]]''
{{tree list/end}}
{{collapse bottom}}

==Earls of Devonshire==
The [[Earl of Devonshire|earldom of Devonshire]] was originally granted as a recreation of the [[Peerage|title]] held by the last [[Baron Mountjoy]], which became extinct on his death in 1606.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

It is a separate [[Hereditary title|title]] from that of [[Earl of Devon]], which still belongs to the [[Courtenay family]].

==In fiction==
The fifth Duke and Duchess of Devonshire are portrayed in the 2008 film ''[[The Duchess (film)|The Duchess]]'' directed by [[Saul Dibb]].  The film is based on [[Amanda Foreman (biographer)|Amanda Foreman's]] biography of the scandalous 18th-century English aristocrat [[Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire]] (portrayed by [[Keira Knightley]]) and her relationship with the [[William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire|Duke]] ([[Ralph Fiennes]]) and his next wife, [[Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire|Lady Elizabeth Foster]].

Along with [[Jane Austen]], the fifth Duke and his second wife appear, soon after Georgiana's death, in ''Jane and the Stillroom Maid'', a murder mystery by [[Stephanie Barron]].

In [[John Buchan]]'s novel ''[[The Three Hostages]]'' (1924), 'the late Duke of Devonshire' is cited as an epitome of Englishness. This probably refers to the eighth duke.

In the episode 'The Man in the Killer Suit' in the [[Forever (2014 TV series)|2014 TV series ''Forever'']], a case occurs where someone masquerades as a 'viscount cavendish'. While the title is wrongly used, other references during the episode show that they are in fact referring to the Dukes of Devonshire.

==See also==
*[[Duchess of Devonshire (disambiguation)|Duchess of Devonshire]]
*[[Earl of Devonshire]]
*[[Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1665 creation)]] 
*[[Earl of Burlington]]
*[[Baron Chesham]]
*[[Baron Clifford]]
*[[Baron Waterpark]]
*[[Thomas Cavendish]] known as "The Navigator"
*[[Chatsworth (TV series)|''Chatsworth'' (TV series)]], documentary about [[Chatsworth House]]

==Further reading==
*Pearson, John. ''The Serpent and the Stag''. Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1984.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
*{{cite book |last=Hesilrige |first=Arthur G. M. |date=1921| title=Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy| url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeeraget00unse/page/293 | location=[[London]] |publisher=[[Dean & Son]]|page=293}}
*Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, {{Page needed |date=February 2013}}
*{{cite web |last1=Rayment |first1=Leigh |title=Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page |url=http://leighrayment.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024165310/http://leighrayment.com/ |archive-date=2019-10-24 |url-status=usurped}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Dukes of Devonshire}}
* [http://www.burkespeerage.com/home.php www.burkespeerage.com]
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Devonshire, Earls and Dukes of |volume= 8 |last= Chisholm |first= Hugh |author-link= Hugh Chisholm | pages = 130-132 |short= 1 }}

{{Dukes of Devonshire}}
{{Extant British dukedoms}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devonshire}}
[[Category:Dukedoms in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:Cavendish family|Devonshire]]
[[Category:History of Devon]]
[[Category:1694 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1694]]
[[Category:British landowners]]
[[Category:Dukes of Devonshire|*]]