View source for George Martin

{{short description|English record producer (1926–2016)}}
{{Other people}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   = Sir
| name               = George Martin
| honorific_suffix   = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CBE}}
| image              = George Martin - backstage at LOVE.jpg
| caption            = Martin in 2006
| birth_name         = George Henry Martin
| birth_date         = {{birth date|df=yes|1926|1|3}}
| death_date         = {{death date and age|df=yes|2016|3|8|1926|1|3}}
| birth_place        = [[Highbury]], London, England
| death_place        = [[Coleshill, Oxfordshire]], England
| alma_mater         = [[Guildhall School of Music and Drama]]
| occupation         = {{hlist|Record producer|arranger|composer|conductor|musician}}
| known_for          = '''Working with''':<br />{{hlist|[[The Beatles]]|[[America (band)|America]]|[[Cilla Black]]|[[Jeff Beck]]|[[Mahavishnu Orchestra]]|[[Paul McCartney]]|[[Ringo Starr]]|[[Gerry and the Pacemakers]]}}
| spouse             = {{ubl|{{marriage|Sheena Chisholm|1948|1965|end=div}}|{{marriage|Judy Lockhart Smith<br />|1966}}}}
| children           = 4, including [[Giles Martin|Giles]] and [[Gregory Paul Martin|Greg]]
| module             = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| genre              = {{hlist|Rock|pop|classical|[[comedy music|comedy]]}}
| instruments        = {{hlist|Keyboards|oboe|clarinet}}
| years_active       = 1950–2006
| label              = {{hlist|[[EMI]]|[[Parlophone]]|[[Apple Records|Apple]]}}
}}
}}

'''Sir George Henry Martin''' (3 January 1926 – 8 March 2016) was an English record producer, arranger, composer, conductor, and musician. He was commonly referred to as the "[[fifth Beatle]]" because of his extensive involvement in each of [[the Beatles]]' original albums.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sir George Martin, the Fifth Beatle, dies aged 90 – reaction |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=9 March 2016 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/12188339/George-Martin-the-Fifth-Beatle-dies-age-latest.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=9 March 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/12188339/George-Martin-the-Fifth-Beatle-dies-age-latest.html |archive-date=11 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Martin's formal musical expertise and interest in novel recording practices facilitated the group's rudimentary musical education and desire for new musical sounds to record.<ref>{{cite news |title=Obituary: Sir George Martin |agency=BBC News |date=9 March 2016 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-20449870 |access-date=17 September 2022}}</ref> Most of their orchestral and string arrangements were written by Martin, and he played piano or keyboards on a number of their records.{{sfn|Miles|1997|p=205}} Their collaborations resulted in popular, highly acclaimed records with innovative sounds, such as the 1967 album ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]''—the first rock album to win a [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year]].<ref name="Harrington"/>

Martin's career spanned more than sixty years in music, film, television and live performance. Before working with the Beatles and other pop musicians, he produced comedy and [[novelty record]]s in the 1950s and early 1960s as the head of [[EMI]]'s [[Parlophone]] label, working with [[Peter Sellers]], [[Spike Milligan]] and [[Bernard Cribbins]], among others. His work with other Liverpool rock groups in the early mid-1960s helped popularize the [[Merseybeat]] sound.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Linehan |first1=Hugh |title=George Martin: the man who helped make the Beatles truly great |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=10 March 2016 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/george-martin-the-man-who-helped-make-the-beatles-truly-great-1.2566844 |access-date=17 September 2022}}</ref> In 1965, he left EMI and formed his own production company, [[Associated Independent Recording]].

[[AllMusic]] has described Martin as the "world's most famous record producer".<ref>{{cite web |title=George Martin Biography, Songs, & Albums |publisher=AllMusic |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/george-martin-mn0000649950/biography |access-date=2022-08-03}}</ref> In his career, Martin produced 30 number-one hit singles in the United Kingdom and 23 number-one hits in the United States, and won six [[Grammy Awards]].<ref name="grammys"/> He also held a number of senior-executive positions at media companies and contributed to a wide range of charitable causes, including [[The Prince's Trust]] and the [[Caribbean]] island of [[Montserrat]]. In recognition of his services to the music industry and popular culture, he was made a [[Knight Bachelor]] in 1996.

==Early years==
Martin was born on 3 January 1926<ref>{{cite news |title=UPI Almanac for Thursday, Jan. 3, 2019 |work=[[United Press International]] |date=January 3, 2019 |url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/01/03/UPI-Almanac-for-Thursday-Jan-3-2019/1811546209344/ |access-date=September 3, 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103223323/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/01/03/UPI-Almanac-for-Thursday-Jan-3-2019/1811546209344/ |archive-date=January 3, 2019 |quote=Beatles record producer George Martin in 1926}}</ref> in [[Highbury]], London, to Henry ("Harry") and Bertha Beatrice (née Simpson) Martin.{{sfn|Mosley|2003|pp=2631–2632}} He had an older sister, Irene. In Martin's early years, the family lived modestly, first in Highbury and then [[Drayton Park]]. Harry worked as a craftsman carpenter in a small attic workshop, while Bertha cooked meals at a communal stove in their apartment building.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=2–3}} At age 5, George contracted [[scarlet fever]]; Bertha, a nurse during [[World War I|the First World War]], treated him at home.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=3}} In 1931, the family moved to Aubert Park in Highbury, where the Martin family first lived with electricity.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=5}}

When he was six, Martin's family acquired a piano that sparked his interest in music.{{sfn|Martin|1995|p=13}} At eight years of age, he persuaded his parents that he should take piano lessons, but those ended after only six lessons{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=249}} because of a disagreement between his mother and the teacher. Martin created his first piano composition, "The Spider's Dance" at age eight.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=249}} Martin continued to learn piano on his own through his youth, building a working knowledge of [[music theory]] through his natural [[perfect pitch]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=6}}

{{quote box|align=right|width=25%|I remember well the very first time I heard a symphony orchestra. I was just in my teens when Sir [[Adrian Boult]] brought the [[BBC Symphony Orchestra]] to my school for a public concert. It was absolutely magical.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/listenup/messages.shtml A lifelong love affair with the orchestra] bbc.co.uk; retrieved 21 September 2007.</ref>}}
As a child, he attended several Roman Catholic schools, including Our Lady of Sion ([[Holloway, London|Holloway]]), St Joseph's School ([[Highgate]]), and at [[St Ignatius' College]] ([[Stamford Hill]]), where he had won a scholarship.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=5}} When World War II broke out, St Ignatius College students were evacuated to [[Welwyn Garden City]]. Martin's family left London, with his being enrolled at [[Ravensbourne School (Bromley)|Bromley Grammar School]].{{sfn|Martin|1995|p=15}} At Bromley, Martin led and played piano in a locally popular dance band, the Four Tune Tellers. He was influenced at this time by [[George Shearing]] and [[Meade Lux Lewis]].{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=250}} He also took up acting in a troupe called the Quavers.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=7}} With money earned from playing dances, Martin resumed formal piano lessons and learned [[musical notation]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=8–9}} Martin endured the [[London Blitz]] during this time, inspiring an interest in aircraft.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=9}}

Despite Martin's continued interest in music, and "fantasies about being the next [[Rachmaninoff]]", he did not initially choose music as a career.{{sfn|Martin|1995|p=17}} He worked briefly as a [[quantity surveyor]], and later for the [[War Office]] as a Temporary Clerk (Grade Three), which meant filing paperwork and making tea.{{sfn|Martin|1995|p=18}}

In 1943, at the age of 17, Martin volunteered for the [[Fleet Air Arm]] of the [[Royal Navy]], having been inspired by their exploits in the [[Battle of Taranto]] in 1940.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=11}} He trained at [[HMS St Vincent (Gosport shore establishment)|HMS ''St Vincent'']] in [[Gosport]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=11}} The war ended before Martin was involved in any combat, and he left the service in January 1947.{{sfn|Martin|1995|pp=25–28}}{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=17}} During the war, Martin travelled to New York and saw performances by [[Cab Calloway]] and [[Gene Krupa]].{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=251}} He also did nine months of aerial training in [[Trinidad]], becoming a petty officer and [[aerial observer]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=12}} On 26 July 1945, shortly after receiving his officer commission as a lieutenant, Martin appeared on BBC radio for the first time during a Royal Navy variety show; Martin played a self-composed piano piece.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=249}} As he climbed rank in the Navy, Martin consciously adopted the [[Received Pronunciation|middle-class accent]] and gentlemanly social demeanour common for officers.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=13}}

Encouraged by the pianist, teacher and broadcaster [[Sidney Harrison]], Martin used his veteran's grant to attend the [[Guildhall School of Music and Drama]] from 1947 to 1950. He studied piano as his main instrument and oboe as his secondary, being interested in the music of Rachmaninoff and [[Maurice Ravel|Ravel]] and [[Cole Porter]]. His oboe teacher was [[Margaret Eliot]] (the mother of [[Jane Asher]], who later became involved with [[Paul McCartney]]).{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=296}}{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=438}}{{sfn|Martin|1995|pp=18–25}} After that, Martin explained that he had just picked it up by himself.{{sfn|Martin|1995|p=14}} Martin also took courses at Guildhall in music composition and orchestration.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=23}} After graduating, Martin worked for the BBC's classical music department, also earning money as an oboe player in local bands.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=252}}

==Parlophone==
[[File:Parlophone LP PMC 1202.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The Beatles' first LP (produced by Martin)]]
Martin joined EMI in November 1950 as an assistant to Oscar Preuss,{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=25}} who had served as head of EMI's [[Parlophone]] label since 1923. Although having been regarded by EMI as a vital German imprint in the past, it was then not taken seriously and used only for EMI's insignificant acts.{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=296}}{{sfn|Martin|1995|pp=28–29}} Among Martin's early duties was managing Parlophone's classical records catalogue, including [[Baroque]] ensemble sessions with [[Karl Haas (conductor)|Karl Haas]]; Martin, Haas, and [[Peter Ustinov]] soon founded the London Baroque Society together.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=26–27}} He also developed a friendship and working relationship with composer [[Sidney Torch]] and signed [[Ron Goodwin]] to a recording contract.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=28}} In 1953, Martin produced Goodwin's first record, an instrumental rendition of [[Charlie Chaplin]]'s theme from [[Limelight (1952 film)|''Limelight'']], which made it to no. 3 on the British charts.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=29}}

Despite these early breakthroughs, Martin resented EMI's preference in the early 1950s for short-playing 78 [[revolutions per minute|rpm]] [[phonograph record|records]] instead of the new longer-playing {{frac|33|1|3}} and 45 rpm formats coming into fashion on other labels.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=30}} He also proved uncomfortable as a [[song plugger]] when occasionally assigned the task by Preuss, comparing himself to a "sheep among wolves".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=35}}

===Head of Parlophone===
Preuss retired as head of Parlophone in April 1955, leaving the 29-year-old Martin to take over the label.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=36}} Martin soon hired [[Ron Richards (producer)|Ron Richards]] to be his A&R assistant.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=43}} However, Martin had to fight to retain the label, as by late 1956 EMI managers considered moving Parlophone's successful artists to [[Columbia Records]] or the [[His Master's Voice (British record label)|His Master's Voice]], with Martin possibly to take a junior A&R role at the His Master's Voice under [[Wally Ridley]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=43}} Martin staved off corporate pressure with successes in comedy records, such as a 1957 recording of the two-man show featuring [[Michael Flanders]] and [[Donald Swann]], ''[[At the Drop of a Hat]]''.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=44}} His work transformed the profile of Parlophone from a "sad little company" to a highly profitable business over time.{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=297}}

====Early music records====
As head of Parlophone, Martin recorded classical and Baroque music, [[original cast recording]]s, [[jazz]], and regional music from around Britain and Ireland.{{sfn|Martin|1995|p=63}}{{sfn|Martin|1995|pp=84–85}}{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=259}} He signed singer [[Dick James]], later the music publisher for the Beatles and [[Elton John]], to a recording contract, and reached no. 14 with James's theme from ''[[The Adventures of Robin Hood (TV series)|The Adventures of Robin Hood]]''.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=40}}

Martin became the first British A&R man to capitalize on the 1956 [[skiffle]] boom when he signed [[the Vipers Skiffle Group]] after seeing them in London's [[2i's Coffee Bar]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=54}} They reached no. 10 on the [[UK Singles Chart]] in 1957 with "Don't You Rock Me Daddy-O", though their success faded with the end of the skiffle boom.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=54}} In 1957, Martin signed [[Jim Dale]], hoping the singer would prove Parlophone's answer to British [[rock and roll]] star [[Tommy Steele]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=55}} Dale achieved success as a [[teen idol]], reaching no. 2 on the chart with "Be My Girl". After recording an album, ''[[Jim!]]'', in 1958, Dale cut his music career short to pursue his original profession as a comedian, frustrating Martin.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=55}}<ref name="IGN">{{cite web |last1=P. |first1=Ken |title=An Interview with Jim Dale |website=IGN |date=16 June 2003 |url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2003/06/16/an-interview-with-jim-dale |access-date=10 July 2022}}</ref>

Martin courted controversy in summer 1960, when he produced a cover of the teen novelty song "[[Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polkadot Bikini]]" and released it mere days after the release of the record in the UK, opening him to public accusations of piracy. Martin's version, recorded by 18-year-old Paul Hanford, failed to chart in Britain—though it performed well in several other countries and reached no. 1 in Mexico.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=55}}

Martin produced two singles for Paul Gadd in 1961. Later better known as [[Gary Glitter]], at this time Gadd used the name "Paul Raven". Neither single was commercially successful.

Martin's first British no. 1 came in May 1961, with [[the Temperance Seven]]'s "[[You're Driving Me Crazy]]".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=60}} Also that year, Martin produced [[Humphrey Lyttelton]]'s version of "Saturday Jump", which became the theme tune of the influential [[BBC Radio]] programme, ''[[Saturday Club (BBC Radio)|Saturday Club]]'', and scored a success at no. 14 in the charts with [[Charlie Drake]]'s novelty record, "[[My Boomerang Won't Come Back]]".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=49}}

In early 1962, Martin collaborated with [[Maddalena Fagandini]], then working at the [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop]], to create two electronic singles, "Time Beat" and "Waltz in Orbit", which were released as records by the pseudonymous Ray Cathode.<ref name=Cathode>{{cite web |title=George Martin Early Electronic Recordings to Be Reissued |date=9 March 2021 |website=bestclassicbands.com |url=https://bestclassicbands.com/george-martin-electronic-recordings-reissued-ray-cathode-3-9-21/ |access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref> Martin also earned praise from EMI chairman Sir [[Joseph Lockwood]] for his top-10 1962 hit with [[Bernard Cribbins]], "[[The Hole in the Ground]]".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=67}} He earned another top-10 hit with Cribbins that year, with "[[Right Said Fred (song)|Right Said Fred]]".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=98}} Though Martin wanted to add [[rock and roll]] to Parlophone's repertoire, he struggled to find a "fireproof" [[hit record|hit-making]] pop artist or group.{{sfn|Miles|1997|pp=330–331}}

In August 1964, Martin oversaw [[Judy Garland]]'s final studio recording session, with two songs from the ''[[Maggie May (musical)|Maggie May]]'' musical.{{sfn|Womack|2017|pp=222–223}}

====Liverpool pop and rock acts====
By late 1962, Martin had established a strong working relationship with [[Brian Epstein]], the Beatles' manager.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=117–118}} Epstein also managed (or was considering managing) a number of other Liverpool music acts, and soon these acts began recording with Martin. When Martin visited Liverpool in December 1962, Epstein showed him successful local acts like [[Gerry and the Pacemakers]] and [[the Fourmost]]; Martin urged Epstein to audition them for EMI.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=117}} Gerry and the Pacemakers scored their first no. 1 with their version of "[[How Do You Do It?]]", a song previously rejected by the Beatles, in April 1963. The group's next two singles (also produced by Martin), "[[I Like It (Gerry and the Pacemakers song)|I Like It]]" and "[[You'll Never Walk Alone]]", also reached no. 1, earning the group the distinction of being the first British act to have their first three singles top the charts.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=132–133}}

Martin also produced the Epstein-managed [[Billy J. Kramer]] and [[The Dakotas (band)|the Dakotas]], whose first single was a cover of the Beatles' "[[Do You Want to Know a Secret]]", which hit no. 2 on the chart. Kramer and Martin scored two UK no. 1's in 1963 and 1964—"[[Bad To Me]]" (also Lennon–McCartney original) and "[[Little Children (song)|Little Children]]".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=134–135}} Kramer also reached no. 4 with another Lennon–McCartney song in 1964, "[[I'll Keep You Satisfied]]".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=215}}

Martin began work with the Fourmost in summer 1963 with one of John Lennon's earliest songs, "[[Hello Little Girl]]", which reached no. 9. Their follow-up, released in November, was another Lennon–McCartney work, "[[I'm in Love (Lennon–McCartney song)|I'm In Love]]", which reached the top 20.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=140}}

Martin also agreed to sign the Beatles' Cavern Club associate [[Cilla Black]]. Her first record was a discarded Lennon–McCartney song, "[[Love of the Loved]]". The record was only a minor hit, reaching no. 35.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=142}} Martin and Black rebounded in 1964 with two no. 1 hits, "[[Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)|Anyone Who Had a Heart]]" and "[[You're My World]]". Black's "Anyone Who Had a Heart" was the top-selling British single by a female artist in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biggest selling chart stars of the '60s |date=1 June 2010 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/7791739/Ken-Dodd-outsold-only-by-The-Beatles.html |access-date=2 June 2010}}</ref>

Between the Beatles, Gerry and the Pacemakers, and Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, Martin-produced and Epstein-managed acts were responsible for 37 weeks of no. 1 singles in 1963, finally transforming Parlophone into the leading EMI label.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=154}}

In December 1964, Gerry and the Pacemakers released "[[Ferry 'Cross the Mersey]]", a teaser for the February 1965 [[Ferry Cross the Mersey (film)|film of the same name]] in the style of the Beatles' ''[[A Hard Day's Night (film)|A Hard Day's Night]]''.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=216–217}} The [[Ferry Cross the Mersey (album)|soundtrack album]] featured music by Gerry and the Pacemakers, the Fourmost, Cilla Black, and George Martin-orchestrated instrumental music.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=217}}

====Comedy records====
Martin produced numerous comedy and novelty records. His first success in the genre was the 1953 "Mock Mozart" single, performed by Peter Ustinov with [[Antony Hopkins]] – a record reluctantly released in 1952 by EMI, only after Preuss's insistence. In 1956 he produced the well-known children's song "Nellie the Elephant" which was released by Parlophone in October of that year. In 1955, Martin worked with [[BBC]] [[radio comedy]] stars [[The Goon Show|the Goons]] on a parody version of "[[Unchained Melody]]", but the song's [[music publishing|publishers]] objected to the recording and blocked it from release. The Goons subsequently left Parlophone for [[Decca Records|Decca]], but member [[Peter Sellers]] achieved a UK hit with Martin in 1957, "[[Any Old Iron (song)|Any Old Iron]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Sellers |website=officialcharts.com |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/4961/peter-sellers/ |access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref>  Recognising that Sellers was capable of "a daydreaming form of humour which could be amusing and seductive without requiring the trigger of a live audience", Martin pitched a full album to EMI.<ref name="hepworth">{{cite book |last1=Hepworth |first1=David |title=A Fabulous Creation: How the LP Saved Our Lives |date=2019 |publisher=Bantam |isbn=978-1-7841-6208-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WH1lDwAAQBAJ&dq=songs+for+swingin+sellers&pg=PT86 |access-date=25 May 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603212109/https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/A_Fabulous_Creation/WH1lDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=songs+for+swingin+sellers&pg=PT86&printsec=frontcover |archive-date=3 June 2022}}</ref> The resultant album, ''[[The Best of Sellers]]'' (1958), has been cited as "the first British comedy LP created in a recording studio". Both ''The Best of Sellers'' and its follow-up ''[[Songs for Swingin' Sellers]]'' (1959) were critical and commercial successes in the UK.<ref>{{cite book |last=Doering |first=James |title=Lewisohn, Adolph |date=2010-02-24 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=Oxford Music Online |pages=273 |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.a2085302 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.a2085302}}</ref>
[[File:Abbeyroadtomswain.jpg|thumb|alt=Studio Two, Abbey Road Studios|At Parlophone, Martin recorded many of his acts in Studio Two of [[Abbey Road Studios|EMI Studios]].]]
Martin later became firm friends with [[Spike Milligan]], and was best man at Milligan's second wedding: "I loved ''[[The Goon Show]]'', and issued an album of it on my label Parlophone, which is how I got to know Spike."{{sfn|Ventham|2002|p=62}} The album was ''[[Bridge on the River Wye]]''. It was a spoof of the film ''[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]'', being based on the 1957 ''Goon Show'' episode "An African Incident". It was intended to have the same name as the film, but shortly before its release, the film company threatened legal action if the name was used.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sikov |first1=Ed |title=Mr. Strangelove: A Biography of Peter Sellers |publisher=Hachette Books |isbn=978-0-7868-6664-9 |date=2003-11-01 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rZGZAAAAQBAJ&q=%22The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai%22+%22George+Martin%22&pg=PT314}}</ref> Martin edited out the 'K' every time the word ''Kwai'' was spoken, with ''Bridge on the River Wye'' being the result. The [[River Wye]] is a river that runs through England and Wales. The album featured Milligan, Sellers, [[Jonathan Miller]], and [[Peter Cook]], playing various characters.{{sfn|Lewis|1995|pp=205–206}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Description of ''Bridge on The River Wye''—scroll down page |publisher=Thegoonshow.net |url=http://www.thegoonshow.net/facts.asp |access-date=22 September 2011 |url-status=dead  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813071442/http://www.thegoonshow.net/facts.asp |archive-date=13 August 2022}}</ref>

Martin scored a major success in 1961 with the ''[[Beyond the Fringe]]'' show cast album, which starred [[Peter Cook]], [[Dudley Moore]], [[Alan Bennett]], and [[Jonathan Miller]]; the show catalyzed Britain's [[satire boom]] in the early 1960s.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=49–50}} In early 1963, he produced the accompanying soundtrack album for [[David Frost]]'s satirical BBC TV show ''[[That Was the Week That Was]]'', recorded in front of a live audience.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=213}}

Martin frequently used comedy records to experiment with recording techniques and motifs used later on musical records, such as recording [[magnetic tape]] at half-speed and then playing it back at normal speed.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=48}} (Martin used this effect on several Beatles records, such as his sped-up piano solo on "[[In My Life]]".){{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=65}} In particular, Martin was curious to see how tape offered advantages over existing technologies favoured by EMI: "It was still in its infancy, and a lot of people at the studio regarded tape with suspicion. But we gradually learnt all about it, and working with the likes of Sellers and Milligan was very useful, because, as it wasn't music, you could experiment. ... We made things out of tape loops, slowed things down, and banged on piano lids."{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=50}}

===Rivalries and tensions at EMI===

====Salary and royalty disputes====
By the time he signed a three-year contract renewal in 1959, Martin sought—but failed—to obtain a royalty on Parlophone's record sales, a practice becoming common in the U.S.: "I reckoned that if I was going to devote my life to building up something which wasn't mine, I deserved some form of commission", he reflected.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=51–52}} The issue continued to linger in his mind, and Martin claimed he "nearly didn't sign" his spring 1962 contract renewal over this matter—even threatening EMI managing director L. G. ("Len") Wood that he would walk away from his job.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=629}} At the same time as the contract dispute, Martin took a work trip in late March 1962 to [[Blackpool]] with his secretary, Judy Lockhart Smith.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=629}} This trip led Wood to discover that Martin had been having an affair with Smith, which further irritated Wood. With their relationship strained, Wood exacted a measure of revenge by having Martin sign [[the Beatles]] to a record contract to appease interest from EMI's publishing arm, Ardmore & Beechwood.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=629–630}}

Martin was also infuriated by EMI's refusal to give him a [[Christmas bonus]] at the end of 1963—a year in which he had produced seven no. 1 singles and dominated the albums chart—because his £3,000 salary disqualified him from receiving one. "I, naturally, had a chip on my shoulder", he admitted later.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=156}} He also advocated that the Beatles' penny-per-record royalty rate be doubled; Len Wood agreed to this, but only if the Beatles signed a five-year contract renewal in exchange. When Martin countered that EMI should raise the royalty without conditions. Wood grudgingly acquiesced, but Martin believed that, "from that moment on, I was considered a traitor within EMI".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=157}}

====Rivalry with Norrie Paramor====
During Martin's tenure at Parlophone, he also maintained a rivalry with fellow A&R director [[Norrie Paramor]], head of EMI's prominent [[Columbia Graphophone Company|Columbia]] label. Before Martin became one of Britain's most in-demand producers thanks to his work with the Beatles, he was envious that Paramor had produced highly successful pop acts, such as [[Cliff Richard]]. He admitted to looking with "something close to desperation" for similar success.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=52}} Martin also believed that Paramor's habit of forcing Columbia artists to record his own songs as B-sides (thus giving Paramor, who used more than 30 pseudonyms in this practice, a royalty on the single) was unethical.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=272}} In March 1962, Martin met with a young [[David Frost]] to share insider information on the shady business practices of A&R men such as Paramor; this scoop aired in an episode of London AR-TV's ''This Week'' public affairs programme in November, causing Paramor great embarrassment.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=628, 785}}

====Conflict with Capitol Records====
In 1955, EMI purchased American recording company [[Capitol Records]]. Though this gave Capitol the [[right of first refusal]] to issue records in the US from EMI artists, in practice Capitol's head of international A&R, [[Dave Dexter Jr.]], chose to issue very few British records in America.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=270–271, 280}} Martin and his EMI A&R colleagues became irate at how few British records were issued by Capitol, and how little promotion was given for the ones that were issued.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=423–424, 523}} In December 1962, Martin complained to EMI managing director Len Wood that he "would not wish to recommend Capitol Records to any impresario who was thinking of launching a future British show in the States".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=119}} Dexter passed on issuing the Beatles' first four singles in the US, driving Martin out of desperation to issue "[[She Loves You]]" on the small, independent [[Swan Records]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=143}}

Capitol finally agreed to release a Beatles' fifth single, "[[I Want to Hold Your Hand]]", only after Wood met Capitol president [[Alan Livingston]] in person, in New York, in November 1963 with an order from EMI chairman Sir [[Joseph Lockwood]] to do so.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=167}} Martin alleged that when he and the Beatles travelled to New York to make their American debut in February 1964, Livingston kept Martin away from the press to minimize EMI's role (and promote Capitol's) in the Beatles' success.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=168}}

Martin and the Beatles resented Capitol's practice of issuing records often highly divergent from British record releases. These changes could include the album title, cover art, and songs included. In addition, Dexter frequently altered Martin's mixes of Beatles tracks by processing them through Capitol's [[Duophonic]] mock stereo system.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=78}} Capitol's divergent treatment of Beatle albums did not cease until the band signed a new contract with EMI in January 1967 that forbade such alterations.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=168}}

===Separation from EMI and start of Associated Independent Recording===
After his repeated clashes over salary terms with EMI management, Martin informed them in June 1964 that he would not renew his contract in 1965.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=212}} Though EMI managing director Len Wood attempted to persuade Martin to stay with the company, Martin continued to insist that he would not work for EMI without receiving a commission on record sales.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=275–276}} Wood offered him a 3% commission minus "overhead costs", which would have translated to an £11,000 bonus for 1964—though, in doing so, Wood revealed to Martin that EMI had made £2.2 million in net profit from Martin's records that year.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=278}} "With that simple sentence, he cut straight through whatever vestige of an umbilical cord still bound me to EMI. ... I was flabbergasted", Martin observed.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=278}} As Martin exited the company in August 1965, he recruited a number of other EMI staffers, including [[Norman Newell]], [[Ron Richards (producer)|Ron Richards]], [[John Burgess (record producer)|John Burgess]], his wife, Judy, and [[Decca Records|Decca]]'s [[Peter Sullivan (record producer)|Peter Sullivan]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=279}} Artists associated with Martin's new production team included [[Adam Faith]], [[Manfred Mann]], [[Peter and Gordon]], [[The Hollies]], [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]], and [[Engelbert Humperdinck (singer)|Engelbert Humperdinck]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=279}}

Martin conceived of his new company as being modelled on the [[Associated London Scripts]] cooperative of comedy writers in the 1950s and 1960s, offering equal shares in the company to his A&R colleagues and expecting them to pay studio costs proportionate to their earnings. He named it [[Associated Independent Recording]] (AIR).{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=279}} Short of startup capital and with many of AIR's associated acts still under contract to EMI, Martin negotiated a business arrangement with EMI that would give EMI the [[right of first refusal]] on any AIR production. In exchange, EMI would pay a 7% producer's royalty on any AIR record by an artist not signed to EMI, and a 2% royalty on records by artists who were signed.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=280}} A special arrangement was made for Beatles records, wherein AIR was to receive 0.5% of UK retail sales and 5% of the pressing fees EMI generated from licensing records in the US.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=280}}

Martin's departure from EMI and foundation of an independent production company was major news in the music press, with the ''[[NME]]'' calling it a "shock to the recording industry".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=282}} Wood attempted to lure Martin back to EMI in 1969 with an offered salary of £25,000, but Martin rejected it.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=371}} Martin and Wood's working relationship ruptured for good in 1973, with Martin vowing to negotiate with EMI only through legal representatives from then on.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=415}}

==The Beatles==
[[File:HMV 363 Oxford Street Plaque.jpg|thumb|A plaque unveiled by George Martin marking the location of a London office where EMI song publishers first heard Beatles demo recordings and pressed EMI to sign the group]]

===Epstein approaches EMI===
In November 1961, new [[The Beatles|Beatles]] manager [[Brian Epstein]] travelled to London to meet with record executives from EMI and [[Decca Records]] in the interest of obtaining a recording contract for his band.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=507}} Epstein met with EMI's general marketing director Ron White, with whom he had a longstanding business relationship, and left a copy of the Beatles' German single with [[Tony Sheridan]], "My Bonnie". White said he would play it for EMI's four A&R directors, including George Martin (though it later emerged that he neglected to do so, playing it only for two of them—[[Wally Ridley]] and [[Norman Newell]]).{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=507, 527}} In mid-December, White replied that EMI was not interested in signing the Beatles.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=527}} By coincidence, Martin gave an interview that week in ''Disc'' magazine in which he explained that "beat groups" presented unique challenges for A&R directors, and that he sought a "distinct sound" when scouting them.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=527}}

Martin claimed that he was contacted by Sid Colman of EMI music publisher Ardmore & Beechwood at the request of Epstein,{{sfn|Spitz|2005|pp=297–298}} though Colman's colleague Kim Bennett later disputed this.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=570}} In any event, Martin arranged a meeting on 13 February 1962 with Epstein, who played for Martin the recording of the Beatles' [[The Beatles' Decca audition|failed January audition for Decca Records]].{{sfn|Spitz|2005|pp=297–298, 301}} Epstein recalled that Martin liked [[George Harrison]]'s guitar playing and preferred [[Paul McCartney]]'s singing voice to [[John Lennon]]'s, though Martin himself recalled that he "wasn't knocked out at all" by the "lousy tape".{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=571}}

With Martin apparently uninterested, Ardmore & Beechwood's Colman and Bennett pressured EMI management to sign the Beatles in hopes of gaining the rights to [[Lennon–McCartney]] song publishing on Beatle records; Colman and Bennett even offered to pay for the expense of the Beatles' first EMI recordings. EMI managing director L. G. ("Len") Wood rejected this proposal.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=572}} Separately, Martin's relationship with Wood became strained by spring 1962, as the two had strong disagreements over business matters and also Wood's disapproval of Martin's ongoing extramarital relationship with his secretary (and later wife), Judy. To appease Colman's interest in the Beatles, Wood directed Martin to sign the group.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=616}}

Martin met with Epstein again on 9 May at [[Abbey Road Studios|EMI Studios]] in London, and informed him he would give the Beatles a standard recording contract with Parlophone, to record a minimum of six tracks in the first year.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=622}} The royalty rate was to be one [[Penny (British pre-decimal coin)|
penny]] for each record sold on 85% of records, which was to be split among the four members and Epstein.{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=312}}{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=622}} They agreed to hold the Beatles' first recording date on 6 June 1962.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=622}}

===Early Beatles sessions, 1962===
Though Martin later called the 6 June 1962 session at EMI's studio two an "audition", as he had never seen the band play before,{{sfn|Martin|1995|pp=120–123}} the session was actually intended to record material for the first Beatles single.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=642–643}} Ron Richards and his engineer [[Norman Smith (record producer)|Norman Smith]] recorded four songs—"[[Besame Mucho]]", "[[Love Me Do]]", "[[Ask Me Why]]", and "[[P.S. I Love You (Beatles song)|P.S. I Love You]]".{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=643}} Martin arrived during the recording of "Love Me Do"; between takes, he introduced himself to the Beatles and subtly changed the arrangement.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=643}} The verdict was not promising, however, as Richards and Martin complained about [[Pete Best]]'s drumming, and Martin thought their original songs were simply not good enough.{{sfn|Miles|1997|p=90}}{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=643}} In the control room, Martin asked the individual Beatles if there was anything they personally did not like, to which [[George Harrison]] replied, "I don't like your tie." That was the turning point, according to Smith, as [[John Lennon]] and [[Paul McCartney]] joined in with jokes and comic wordplay, that made Martin think that he should sign them to a contract for their wit alone.{{sfn|Spitz|2005|pp=318–319}} After deliberating for a time whether to make Lennon or McCartney the lead vocalist of the group, Martin decided he would let them retain their shared lead role: "Suddenly it hit me that I had to take them as they were, which was a new thing. I was being too conventional."{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=646}}

Though charmed by the Beatles' personalities, Martin was unimpressed with the musical repertoire from their first session. "I didn't think the Beatles had any song of any worth—they gave me no evidence whatsoever that they could write hit material", he claimed later.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=766}} He arranged for the Beatles to record Mitch Murray's "[[How Do You Do It?|How Do You Do It]]" at a 4 September session, with the Beatles now featuring [[Ringo Starr]] on drums. The Beatles also re-recorded "Love Me Do" and played an early version of "[[Please Please Me (song)|Please Please Me]]", which Martin thought was "dreary" and needed to be sped up.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=696}} Though Martin was sure "How Do You Do It" could be a hit, the Beatles hated the song's style and Murray disliked the Beatles' recording of it.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=7}}{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=699}} Additionally, Ardmore & Beechwood protested Martin's plan to issue an A-side that was not a Lennon–McCartney song. Martin then reluctantly decided to have "Love Me Do" issued as the A-side of the Beatles' first single and save "How Do You Do It" for another occasion.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=699}} (In April 1963, Martin achieved a No. 1 hit with the song as recorded by Beatles contemporaries [[Gerry and the Pacemakers]].)

Martin was dissatisfied with Starr's 4 September performance and resolved to use a session drummer for their next recording session.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=697}} On 11 September 1962, the Beatles recorded "[[Love Me Do]]" for a third time with [[Andy White (drummer)|Andy White]] playing drums, as well as the B-side of their first single, "P.S. I Love You", and a sped-up version of "Please Please Me". Starr was asked to play tambourine and maracas, and although he complied, he was definitely "not pleased". Due to an EMI library error, a 4 September version with Starr playing drums was issued on the British single release; afterwards, the tape was destroyed, and the 11 September recording with Andy White on drums was used for all subsequent releases.<ref>Lewisohn, Mark (1988). ''The Beatles Recording Sessions''. New York: Harmony Books. {{ISBN|0-517-57066-1}}</ref> (Martin later praised Starr's drumming, calling him "probably&nbsp;... the finest rock drummer in the world today".<ref>{{Pop Chronicles|45}}</ref>)

Despite Martin's doubts about the song, "Love Me Do" steadily climbed in the British charts, peaking at number 17 in late November 1962. With his doubts about the Beatles' songwriting abilities now quashed, on 16 November Martin told the band they should re-record "Please Please Me" and make it their second single. He also suggested the Beatles record a full album (LP), a suggestion Beatles historian [[Mark Lewisohn]] called "genuinely mind-boggling", given how little exposure the Beatles had achieved so far.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|pp=764–765}} On 26 November, the Beatles attempted "Please Please Me" a third time. After the recording, Martin looked over the mixing desk and said, "Gentlemen, you have just made your first number one record".{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=360}}<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/soldonsong/songlibrary/pleasepleaseme.shtml "Congratulations, gentlemen, you've just made your first number one."] bbc.co.uk. Retrieved: 21 September 2007.</ref> Martin directed Epstein to find a good publisher, as he believed Ardmore & Beechwood had done nothing to promote "Love Me Do"; this led them to [[Dick James]], a business acquaintance of Martin.{{sfn|Spitz|2005|p=364}}

Martin considered recording the Beatles' first LP as a live album at their home venue in Liverpool, [[The Cavern Club]], and promoted this idea in an ''NME'' interview in late November.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=110}} However, Martin found the Cavern unsuitable for recording during a mid-December visit, and he decided to record the group in the studio instead.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=787}}

===Commercial breakout, 1963–1964===

====1963====
As Martin had predicted, "[[Please Please Me (song)|Please Please Me]]" reached no. 1 on most of the British singles charts upon its release in January 1963. "From that moment, we simply never stood still", he reflected.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=119}} For the Beatles' first LP, Martin had the group record 10 new tracks to include with the four tracks already released (the A- and B-sides of their first two singles) for 14 tracks in total.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=116}} They accomplished this in one marathon recording session, on 11 February 1963, with the Beatles recording a mix of Lennon–McCartney originals and covers from their stage act. Nine days later, Martin overdubbed a piano part to the song "[[Misery (Beatles song)|Misery]]" and a [[celesta]] on "[[Baby It's You]]".{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990}} The resulting album, ''[[Please Please Me]]'', became a huge success in the UK, reaching no. 1 on the charts in May and staying there for 30 consecutive weeks until replaced by the Beatles' second album, ''[[With the Beatles]]''. ''Please Please Me'' was the first non-soundtrack album to spend more than one year consecutively inside the top ten of what became the Official UK Albums Chart (with 62 weeks).<ref>{{cite web |title=Lewis Capaldi makes chart history: Albums with the most consecutive weeks in the Top 10 |website=officialcharts.com |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/albums-that-have-spent-a-year-or-longer-consecutively-inside-the-official-albums-chart-top-10__29837/ |access-date=15 June 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615052708/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/albums-that-have-spent-a-year-or-longer-consecutively-inside-the-official-albums-chart-top-10__29837/ |archive-date=15 June 2020}}</ref>
[[File:Abbey road studios.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|[[Abbey Road Studios]], where Martin recorded Parlophone's artists]]
At this early stage of their working relationship, Martin played a major role in refining and arranging the Beatles' self-written songs to make them commercially appealing: "I taught them the importance of the [[hook (music)|hook]]. You had to get people's attention in the first ten seconds, and so I would generally get hold of their song and 'top and tail' it—make a beginning and end. And also make sure it ran for about two-and-a-half minutes so that it would fit DJs' programmes".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=120}} "I would meet them in the studio to hear a new number. I would perch myself on a high stool and John and Paul would stand around me with their acoustic guitars and play and sing it. ... Then I would make suggestions to improve it and we'd try it again", he recalled.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=130}} The Beatles' frenetic recording schedule continued on 5 March 1963, as they recorded "[[From Me to You]]", "[[Thank You Girl]]", and an early version of "[[One After 909]]". Martin altered the arrangement of "From Me to You", substituting the Beatles' idea for a guitar intro with a vocalized "da-da-da-da-da-dum-dum-da", backed by overdubbed harmonica.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=130}} "From Me to You" reached no. 1 in the UK singles charts in early May, staying there for seven weeks.

The Beatles returned to EMI Studios on 1 July to record a new single, "[[She Loves You]]". Martin liked the song but was sceptical of its closing chord, an major added sixth chord, which he found cliché.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=32}} The Beatles, now increasingly confident in their songwriting, pushed back. As Paul McCartney recalled, "We said 'It's such a great sound it doesn't matter; we've got to have it'".{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=96}} Martin and recording engineer [[Norman Smith (record producer)|Norman Smith]] changed the studio microphone arrangement for "She Loves You", giving the bass and drums a more prominent sound on the record.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=136}} "She Loves You" was released in late August and instantly became a massive hit in the UK, signalling the beginning of national [[Beatlemania]] and becoming the best-selling UK single by any artist in the 1960s.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ken Dodd 'third best-selling artist of 1960s' |agency=BBC News |date=1 June 2010 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/10201932 |access-date=18 September 2022}}</ref>

Sometime in 1963, Martin and Brian Epstein arranged a loose formula to record two Beatles albums and four singles per year.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=28}} The Beatles began work on their second LP on 18 July. Like their debut album, this record reflected the repertoire of the Beatles' contemporary stage act—at this time a mix of Lennon–McCartney originals and American R&B hits, particularly from [[Motown]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=138}} Additional album sessions followed on 30 July and into September–October.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=34–36}} Martin played piano on several of the tracks, including "[[Money (That's What I Want)]]", "[[You Really Got a Hold On Me]]", and "[[Not a Second Time]]", and also played [[Hammond organ]] on "[[I Wanna Be Your Man]]".{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=34–36}} Martin was particularly impressed with the Lennon–McCartney tune "[[It Won't Be Long]]" and chose it to be the album opener.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=139}} ''With the Beatles'' came out on 22 November 1963 and spent 21 weeks atop the album chart.

Martin and the Beatles recorded their next single, "[[I Want to Hold Your Hand]]" on 17 October—their first recording session with [[multitrack recording|four-track recording]].{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=36}} Impressed with the song, Martin merely suggested adding handclaps and adding [[dynamic range compression|compression]] to Lennon's rhythm guitar sound to imitate the sound of an organ.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=151}} The single's B-side, "[[This Boy]]", featured complex three-part harmonies by Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison that Martin arranged.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=152}} "I Want to Hold Your Hand" became another huge seller, staying at no. 1 in the UK for five weeks—and, in January 1964, becoming the group's (and Martin's) first no. 1 in the US. The song became the US year-end no. 1 record of 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 100 Hits of 1964/Top 100 Songs of 1964 |website=musicoutfitters.com |url=https://www.musicoutfitters.com/topsongs/1964.htm}}</ref>

====1964====
On 29 January 1964, Martin and Smith travelled to Paris, where the Beatles were performing a residency, to have them record German-language versions of "She Loves You" and "I Want to Hold Your Hand" for the West German market. The Beatles initially refused to record these versions, forcing Martin to barge into their hotel room and insist they come to the studio.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=158–159}} They meekly complied, recording "[[Komm, gib mir deine Hand / Sie liebt dich]]". They also recorded what was to be their next no. 1 single, "[[Can't Buy Me Love]]",{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=38}} which was the British year-end no. 1.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lane |first=Dan |title=The biggest selling singles of every year revealed! (1952–2011) |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |date=18 November 2012 |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-biggest-song-of-every-year-revealed__13409/ |access-date=28 August 2014}}</ref> Martin tweaked the arrangement by having part of the chorus open the song as an intro, so "it grabbed people".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=160}}

Martin travelled to New York with the Beatles on 7 February, as the band embarked on their first visit to America—including [[The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show|landmark performances]] on ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]''.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=167}} Martin and Capitol Records planned to record a live album of one of the Beatles' appearances at [[Carnegie Hall]], but they were stymied by the [[American Federation of Musicians]]' refusal to allow Martin, a non-union member, to participate in the recording.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=173}}

In late February, the band re-entered the studio and began recording the soundtrack album to the Beatles' upcoming untitled feature film.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=39}} The [[A Hard Day's Night (film)|film]], [[A Hard Day's Night (album)|album]], and [[A Hard Day's Night (song)|lead single]] were all titled "A Hard Day's Night". Martin and [[George Harrison]] played piano and guitar, respectively, at half-speed for the song's solo, which was then played back at normal speed on the record.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=192}} In addition to producing the Beatles' original songs for the album—the first and only to exclusively feature Lennon–McCartney songs—Martin orchestrated several instrumental numbers for the film.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=195}} The film was a success, and the album and single both reached no. 1 in the UK and US when all three were released in July.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=209, 212}} Martin received an [[Academy Award]] nomination for [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|best film score]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=207}}
[[File:Beatles and George Martin in studio 1966.JPG|thumb|right|Martin working with the Beatles in EMI's Studio Two during ''[[Beatles for Sale]]'' sessions, 1964]]
When [[Ringo Starr]] fell ill with [[laryngitis]] just before [[the Beatles' 1964 world tour]] began in early June, Martin recruited session drummer [[Jimmie Nicol]] as a temporary replacement.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=201}} Martin joined them for part of their [[The Beatles' 1964 North American tour|August/September North American tour]], recording their performance at [[the Hollywood Bowl]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=209}} (Overwhelming crowd noise made the recording unsuitable for release until, in 1977, Martin spliced some of the performances with others from their 1965 visit to the Hollywood Bowl;<ref>{{cite book |last1=Friede |first1=Goldie |last2=Titone |first2=Robin |last3=Weiner |first3=Sue |title=The Beatles A to Z |date=1980 |publisher=Methuen |isbn=978-0-416-00781-7 |page=28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8siAQAAIAAJ |access-date=19 September 2022}}</ref> this was issued as ''[[The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl]]'', which made no. 2 in the US and no. 1 in the UK.<ref name="UKchart">{{cite web |title=The Beatles > Artists > Official Charts |date=17 October 1962 |publisher=[[UK Albums Chart]] |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/10363/beatles/ |access-date=18 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="USchart">{{cite magazine |title=The Beatles – Chart history |magazine=Billboard |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/383540/beatles/chart?page=5&f=305&sort=date |access-date=29 August 2016}}</ref>)

The Beatles began recording their next studio album, ''[[Beatles for Sale]]'' in August, though the sessions continued intermittently through late October and the record was released on 4 December.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=47–51}} Martin observed that the Beatles were "war weary" during many of these sessions, and the album included six covers because Lennon and McCartney had not written enough songs to fill out the record.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=231}} The album included a February 1965 US no. 1 single, "[[Eight Days a Week]]" (which was not released in the UK). These sessions also produced a December 1964 single, "[[I Feel Fine]]", that reached no. 1 in the UK and US and was among the first pop records to feature [[audio feedback|feedback]].<ref>[[Richie Unterberger|Unterberger, Richie]]. "[https://www.allmusic.com/song/i-feel-fine-mt0003926435 'I Feel Fine' song review]", AllMusic.</ref> ''Beatles for Sale'' also featured new percussion sounds on several tracks, such as [[timpani]] and [[chocalho]].{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=49}} Martin contributed piano on their cover of "[[Rock and Roll Music (song)|Rock and Roll Music]]".{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=241}} ''Beatles for Sale'' was the first album for which the Beatles were present for [[Audio mixing (recorded music)|mixing]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=236}} The album reached no. 1 in the UK but was not released in the US.<ref name="UKchart"/>

===Shift to studio experimentation, 1965–1966===

====1965====
In mid-February 1965, Martin and the Beatles began five months of sessions to record the music for their second film, ''[[Help! (film)|Help!]]''. The Beatles adopted new studio techniques for these sessions, typically [[overdubbing]] vocals and other sounds onto a carefully laid rhythm track.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=54}} The group by now had grown confident in the studio, and Martin encouraged them to explore new ideas for songs, such as an outro to "[[Ticket to Ride (song)|Ticket to Ride]]" that was at a faster tempo than the rest of song.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=248}} ("Ticket to Ride" reached no. 1 in the US and UK upon release as a single.) The band continued to experiment with unusual instruments, such as an [[alto flute]] solo for "[[You've Got to Hide Your Love Away]]" scored by Martin.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=251}} Notably, it was Martin's idea to score a string quartet accompaniment for "[[Yesterday (Beatles song)|Yesterday]]" against McCartney's initial reluctance.{{sfn|Miles|1997|p=205}}<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/soldonsong/songlibrary/indepth/yesterday.shtml "What about a classical string quartet?"] bbc.co.uk. Retrieved: 21 September 2007.</ref> Martin played the song in the style of [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]] to show McCartney the [[Voicing (music)|voicings]] that were available.{{sfn|Miles|1997|p=206}} "Yesterday" (not released in the UK) became a US no. 1 and one of the most covered songs of all time. ''Help!'' and its [[Help! (song)|eponymous single]] topped the charts in both countries.<ref name="UKchart"/><ref name="USchart"/>

The group reconvened in October and November to record another album in time for the holiday shopping season.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=285}} ''[[Rubber Soul]]'' continued the Beatles' experimentation with new sounds and contained several groundbreaking tracks. "[[Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)]]" featured [[George Harrison]] on [[sitar]], making it one of the first Western pop records to feature Indian instrumentation. (Martin had previously recorded sitar on a 1959 [[Peter Sellers]] comedy record.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=288}}) On "[[Think For Yourself]]", [[Paul McCartney]] used a [[Tone Bender]] [[fuzzbox]] to record a heavily distorted bass line—the first known use of a fuzz pedal on bass guitar.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Everett |first1=Walter |title=The Foundations of Rock: From "Blue Suede Shoes" to "Suite: Judy Blue Eyes" |date=9 December 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-971870-2 |page=33 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0p6jL-u3T4C |access-date=22 September 2022}}</ref> The shimmering electric guitar sound on "[[Nowhere Man (song)|Nowhere Man]]" was achieved by repeatedly reprocessing the signal to increase the [[equalization (audio)|treble frequencies]], beyond the EQ limits permitted for EMI engineers.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=295}} Martin himself recorded a [[baroque music|baroque-style]] piano solo on [[John Lennon]]'s "In My Life", recording the tape at half-speed and playing it back at normal speed so the piano sounded like a [[harpsichord]]. Though Martin didn't play a harpsichord on the record, "In My Life" inspired other record producers to begin incorporating the instrument in their arrangements of pop records.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Myers |first1=Marc |title=Bach & Roll: How the Unsexy Harpsichord Got Hip |journal=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=30 October 2013 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304200804579163670969242120}}</ref> Martin also composed the notes of the guitar solo Harrison played on "[[Michelle (song)|Michelle]]", which won the 1967 [[Grammy Award for Song of the Year]].<ref name="Grammy Awards 1967">{{cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1967 |publisher=Awards & Shows |url=https://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1967-242.html}}</ref>

The ''Rubber Soul'' sessions also included the [[double A-side]]d single "[[Day Tripper]]"/"[[We Can Work It Out]]", released along with the album in early December 1965. This was Britain's first example of a double A-sided record.<ref>Hutchins, Chris. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=OykEAAAAMBAJ&dq=double+side+campaign+unique+britain+intitle%3Abillboard&pg=PA26 Music Capitals of the World]" ''Billboard'', 4 December 1965: 26</ref> Both sides reached no. 1 in the UK, and "We Can Work It Out" topped the charts in the US. ''Rubber Soul'' also hit no. 1 in both countries.<ref name="UKchart"/><ref name="USchart"/> ''Rubber Soul'' received strong critical acclaim upon its release and proved highly influential among the Beatles' musical contemporaries, such as [[the Beach Boys]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=306}} Martin sensed a shift in how the group was recording albums:
<blockquote>I think ''Rubber Soul'' was the first of the albums that presented a new Beatles to the world. Up to this point we had been making albums that were rather like a collection of their singles. And now, we really were beginning to think about albums as a bit of art in their own right. We were thinking about the album as an entity of its own, and ''Rubber Soul'' was the first one to emerge in this way.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=304}}</blockquote>

In early November, Martin scored orchestral renditions of Beatles songs for the taping of the [[Granada Television]] special ''[[The Music of Lennon & McCartney]]'', which aired on 16–17 December.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=309}}

====1966====
In early January 1966, the Beatles and Martin gathered at CineTele Sound Studios in London to re-record vocal and instrumental tracks from the band's August 1965 concert performance at [[Shea Stadium]]. The resulting tracks were issued as the soundtrack to the TV documentary, ''[[The Beatles at Shea Stadium]]''.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=2–5}}

The Beatles re-entered EMI Studios in April 1966, with the group's exploration of recording at [[Stax Records]]' studio in Memphis—without Martin there to produce—having been scuttled by media leaks.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=21}} The sessions of the ''[[Revolver (Beatles album)|Revolver]]'' album began with a highly experimental track, "[[Tomorrow Never Knows]]"—a [[John Lennon]] song inspired by [[Timothy Leary]]'s book, ''[[The Psychedelic Experience]]''. The song featured several innovations in pop recording, including the use of a [[tanpura]] drone loop throughout the song, a backwards guitar solo, sped-up [[tape loop]]s to produce strange sound effects, and [[artificial double tracking]] (ADT) and a rotating [[Leslie speaker]] on Lennon's vocal.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=70, 72}} (Martin's joking technical description of ADT to Lennon coined the term "[[flanging]]" in music.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=70}}) Martin worked closely with EMI engineers [[Geoff Emerick]] and [[Ken Townsend]] to achieve these radical effects.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=70}} Martin added [[tack piano]] to the song.

Other ''Revolver'' tracks featured musical departures for the group, as well. For [[Paul McCartney]]'s "[[Eleanor Rigby]]", Martin scored and conducted a strings-only accompaniment inspired by [[Bernard Herrmann]]'s score for the [[Alfred Hitchcock]] thriller ''[[Psycho (1960 film)|Psycho]]''.{{sfn|MacDonald|1994|p=163}}{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=62}} Emerick placed the studio microphones unusually close to the instruments for this score.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=64}} [[George Harrison]]'s [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]]-style "[[Love You To]]" included [[sitar]], [[tabla]], and tanpura played by Harrison and musicians from the [[Asian Music Circle]]. Lennon's "[[I'm Only Sleeping]]" was recorded at a fast tape speed and then slowed down to achieve a drowsy, dream-like sound.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=61}} "[[Got to Get You Into My Life]]" became the first Beatles song recorded with a brass section (double-tracked), and "[[For No One]]" featured a French horn solo scored by Martin and played by [[Alan Civil]].{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=79}} "[[Yellow Submarine (song)|Yellow Submarine]]" included nautical-themed sound effects from EMI's sound library, many of them from Martin's prior productions of comedy records.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=93}} Martin added a honky-tonk piano solo on "[[Good Day Sunshine]]".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=99}}

The first single produced during the ''Revolver'' sessions was "[[Paperback Writer]]"/"[[Rain (Beatles song)|Rain]]". Inspired by the pronounced bass sound of contemporary American R&B records, this single featured McCartney's [[Rickenbacker 4001]] bass more prominently than previous Beatles records. (This was achieved by surreptitiously flouting EMI's equipment rules by using a reverse-wired bass amplifier as a microphone.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=48–50}}) "Paperback Writer" featured three-part harmonies arranged by Martin and mixed to have a fluttering echo sound.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=53}} "Rain", meanwhile, contained a slowed-down rhythm track and a backwards outro.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=55}} "Paperback Writer" reached no. 1 in the US and UK. "Eleanor Rigby" and "Yellow Submarine" were released along with the finished album as a [[double A-side]]d single, with both sides reaching the top of the charts in the UK.<ref name="UKchart"/>

''Revolver'' was released in August to highly favourable critical reaction, particularly in the UK.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rodriguez |first1=Robert |last2=Beatles |first2=The |title=Revolver: How the Beatles Re-Imagined Rock 'n' Roll |date=1 April 2012 |publisher=Backbeat Books |isbn=978-1-4768-1355-4 |page=176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=farlJScWrTMC |access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> The album received a nomination for the 1967 [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year]]. Retrospective criticism has recognized it as being among the finest pop albums ever made, with numerous critics listing it at no. 1 all-time.<ref>Rodriguez (2012), p. xi–xii.</ref>

===''Sgt. Pepper'' and ''Magical Mystery Tour'', 1966–1967===

===="Strawberry Fields Forever" and "Penny Lane"====
By the time the Beatles resumed recording on 24 November 1966, they had decided to discontinue touring and focus their creative energies on the recording studio. Martin reflected, "the time had come for experiment. The Beatles knew it, and I knew it."{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=145}} They began working on a [[John Lennon]] composition, "[[Strawberry Fields Forever]]", which began as a simple arrangement of guitar, drums, and [[Mellotron]].{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=87}} They remade the song the next week in a new key and [[tempo]] and with added instrumentation, including piano and bass guitar. Between 6–15 December, they attempted yet another arrangement, this time with cellos and a brass section scored by Martin, a large percussion section, [[swarmandal]], and overdubbed backwards cymbals.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=154–155}} Lennon asked Martin to combine takes 7 and 26 of the song, even though they were recorded at different tempos and in different keys. Martin, [[Ken Townsend]], and [[Geoff Emerick]] accomplished Lennon's unusual request by carefully speeding up take 7 and slowing down take 26 so they were nearly equal in key and tempo.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=91}}{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=159}} Martin mixed the track to include a [[false ending]].{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=160}}

Soon after, the band began work on [[Paul McCartney]]'s "[[Penny Lane]]", which featured a [[piccolo trumpet]] solo that was requested by McCartney after hearing the instrument on a BBC broadcast. McCartney hummed the melody that he wanted, and Martin notated it for [[David Mason (trumpet player)|David Mason]], the classically trained trumpeter.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=93}} Martin also orchestrated a larger brass and woodwind score with trumpets, piccolo, flutes, oboe, and [[flugelhorn]].{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=171–172}}

By January 1967, EMI and Capitol Records executives were restless for a new Beatles single.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=168}} In mid-February, the group responded by issuing "Strawberry Fields Forever"/"Penny Lane" as a double A-side. The single drew critical praise for its musical and recording inventiveness, with "Penny Lane" reaching no. 1 in the US. However, both sides of the single reached no. 2 in the UK, becoming the first British Beatles single in four years not to top the charts. (The sides competed for radio airplay, hurting each side's chart performance.){{sfn|Womack|2018|p=175}} Though the Beatles were not bothered by their failure to reach no. 1, Martin blamed himself for the incident and called it "the biggest mistake of my professional life".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=177}}

====''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band''====
The Beatles' late 1966 sessions stretched into April 1967, forming what became ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]''—a record continuing the Beatles' and Martin's imaginative use of the studio to create new sounds on record. Martin was involved as an arranger throughout the album, starting with an overdubbed clarinet section on "[[When I'm Sixty-Four]]", recorded in December 1966.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=157}}
{{quote box|align=right|width=25%|By the time of ''Pepper'', the Beatles had immense power at Abbey Road. So did I. They used to ask for the impossible, and sometimes they would get it. At the beginning of their recording career, I used to boss them about. ... By the time we got to ''Pepper'', though, that had all changed. I was very much the collaborator. Their ideas were coming through thick and fast, and they were brilliant. All I did was help make them real.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=186}}}}

Martin scored the brass overdubs for the album's [[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (song)|title track]],{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=186}} as well as on "[[Good Morning Good Morning]]".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=195}} It was Martin's idea to segue the chicken clucking sound at the end of "Good Morning Good Morning" into the guitar lick that opens the reprise of "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=236}} For "[[Within You Without You]]", Martin arranged a score that combined Indian and Western classical music.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=234}} Martin used [[vari-speed]] editing to alter the recording speed of several of the album's vocal tracks, including "When I'm Sixty-Four", "Lovely Rita", and "[[Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds]]".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=215, 228}} He and Geoff Emerick superimposed crowd noise sound effects onto the title track and [[fade (audio engineering)#Crossfading|crossfaded]] the song into "[[With a Little Help from My Friends]]", mimicking a live performance.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewisohn |first1=Mark |title=The Complete Beatles Chronicle: The Definitive Day-by-day Guide to the Beatles' Entire Career |date=2010 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-56976-534-0 |page=251 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7D1mRwAACAAJ |access-date=10 October 2022}}</ref>

Martin played instruments on several songs, including the piano on "[[Lovely Rita]]"{{sfn|MacDonald|1994|pp=189–190}} and the [[harpsichord]] on "[[Fixing a Hole]]".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=197}} He played numerous instruments in the recording of "[[Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!]]", including a foot-pumped [[harmonium]], [[Lowrey organ]], [[glockenspiel]], and [[Mellotron]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (50th Anniversary Deluxe Version) (book) |last=Howlett |first=Kevin |publisher=The Beatles, Apple Records |year=2017}}</ref> For the song's psychedelic circus-themed instrumental breaks, he had engineers cut tapes of numerous carnival-instrument recordings into tape fragments, then reassemble them at random.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=210}}

The first Beatles song that Martin did not arrange was "[[She's Leaving Home]]", as he had a prior engagement to produce a [[Cilla Black]] session, so McCartney contacted arranger [[Mike Leander]] to do it. Martin called this "one of the biggest hurts of my life",{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=224}} but still produced the recording and conducted the orchestra himself.{{sfn|Miles|1997|p=317}}

Martin applied heavy [[tape echo]] to John Lennon's voice in "[[A Day in the Life]]".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=180}} He worked with McCartney to implement the 24-bar orchestral climaxes in the middle and end of the song, produced by instructing a 45-piece orchestra to gradually play from their instruments' lowest note to their highest.{{sfn|Miles|1997|pp=326–328}}{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=180, 198–203}} The song's extended piano fadeout (on which Martin played the harmonium) concluded with a dog's whistle and a sped-up tape of the Beatles speaking gibberish on the run-out groove.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=211, 243–244}} Music critics have hailed the song as among the Beatles' best work and a groundbreaking pop record.<ref>{{cite web |author=Rock Critics admin |title=1967 Jazz & Pop Results |publisher=rockcritics.com |date=14 March 2014 |url=https://rockcritics.com/2014/03/14/1967-jazz-pop-results/ |access-date=23 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121110135/https://rockcritics.com/2014/03/14/1967-jazz-pop-results/ |archive-date=21 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=Goldstein>{{cite news |last=Goldstein |first=Richard |title=We Still Need the Beatles, but&nbsp;... |date=18 June 1967 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |page=II 24}}</ref>{{sfn|Womack|2014|p=818}}

''Sgt. Pepper'' cost £25,000 to produce ({{Inflation|UK|25000|1967|fmt=eq|r=-3|cursign=£}}),{{sfn|Martin|Pearson|1995|p=168}} far more than any previous Beatles record. During the album's recording, Martin periodically worried whether the album's avant-garde inventiveness would alienate the general public; such concerns were alleviated by previewing tracks to guests, such as Capitol Records president [[Alan Livingston]], who was "speechless in admiration".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=212}} When ''Sgt. Pepper'' was finally released in early June 1967, it received widespread acclaim from music critics, with a ''Times'' critic deeming it "a decisive moment in the history of Western civilisation".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Norman |first1=Philip |title=Shout!: The Beatles in Their Generation |date=15 February 2005 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-7432-3565-5 |page=331 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2I0twz__BIC&pg=PA331 |access-date=10 October 2022}}</ref> The album reached no. 1 in both the US and UK and became the best-selling album in the UK by any artist both in 1967 and for the entire 1960s.<ref name="Mawer/1969">{{cite web |last=Mawer |first=Sharon |title=Album Chart History: 1969 |publisher=[[Official Charts Company|The Official UK Charts Company]] |date=May 2007 |url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/album_chart_history_1969.php |access-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217020421/http://www.theofficialcharts.com/album_chart_history_1969.php |archive-date=17 December 2007}}</ref> In 1968, it became the first rock album to win a [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year]].<ref name="Harrington">{{cite news |last=Harrington |first=Richard |title=Grammy's One-Track Mind |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=24 February 1993 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1993/02/24/grammys-one-track-mind/04cd977e-b44a-461c-817b-ef8b66b472a0/ |access-date=24 January 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419233357/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1993/02/24/grammys-one-track-mind/04cd977e-b44a-461c-817b-ef8b66b472a0/ |archive-date=19 April 2019}}</ref> ''Pepper''{{'}}s accolades also raised Martin's public profile as a record producer.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=256}}

===="All You Need Is Love" broadcast====
In May 1967, Beatles manager [[Brian Epstein]] agreed (without the Beatles' knowledge) to have the group record a song live on the world's first live global television broadcast, ''[[Our World (1967 TV program)|Our World]]'', on 25 June.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=259}} The band decided to record Lennon's "[[All You Need is Love]]" for the occasion, which they felt would promote a positive message to the world.{{sfn|The Beatles|2000|p=257}} Martin believed it was too risky to record the entire track on the live broadcast, so he had the Beatles record a [[backing track]] on 14 June at [[Olympic Studios]]—with the unusual arrangement of Lennon on [[harpsichord]], McCartney on double bass, Harrison on violin, and Starr on drums, with [[Eddie Kramer]] as audio engineer.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=116}}{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=261}} Five days later, at EMI Studios, Martin overdubbed a piano, while Lennon added vocals and a [[banjo]] part.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=117}} The band also asked Martin to write an orchestral score for the song, starting with the beginning of "[[La Marseillaise]]". The score for the fade-out of the song included bits from [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach's]] [[Inventions and Sinfonias]], "[[Greensleeves]]", and "[[In the Mood]]".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=262}} On 23 June, Martin recorded an orchestral track.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=117}} (Though "In the Mood" was not in copyright, [[Glenn Miller]]'s arrangement of the song was; this forced EMI to subsequently pay a royalty to Miller's estate.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=267–268}})

Martin learned the day before the broadcast, during a rehearsal, that a TV camera would be live in the EMI Studio One control room to show Martin, [[Geoff Emerick]], and [[Richard Lush (record producer)|Richard Lush]] operating the controls for the recording. Emerick recalled that Martin turned to the engineers and said, "You two had better smarten yourselves up! You're about to become international TV stars!"{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=264}} During the 25 June simulcast, the Beatles' segment started broadcasting 40 seconds early, startling Martin and Emerick and forcing them to quickly hide a [[Scotch whisky]] supply they were using to calm their nerves. Worse, the [[production truck]] lost contact with the studio cameramen just before the segment started; this forced Martin to verbally relay the producer's instructions to the camera crew live.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=266}}

Despite these technical glitches, the Beatles, the orchestra, and the assembled crowd of Beatles friends recorded a seamless live take of "All You Need Is Love" to an audience in the hundreds of millions. After the broadcast, Lennon re-recorded part of his vocal and Starr added a tambourine overdub.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=267}} The song was quickly released as a single with "[[Baby You're a Rich Man]]" as a B-side, reaching no. 1 in numerous countries, including the US and UK. "All You Need Is Love" was the first Beatles single on which Martin received a written credit as producer.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=267}}

====''Magical Mystery Tour''====
Before ''Sgt Pepper'' was even released, the Beatles held several sessions in April–June 1967 to record additional songs for a yet-to-be-determined purpose. These included "[[Magical Mystery Tour (song)|Magical Mystery Tour]]", "[[Baby You're a Rich Man]]", "[[You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)]]", and two songs later included on ''[[Yellow Submarine (album)|Yellow Submarine]]''.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=110–112}} Martin later described many of these sessions as lacking the strong creative focus the band had displayed in recording ''Sgt. Pepper''.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=250}} Martin, showing less interest in these sessions, came uncharacteristically unprepared for the "Magical Mystery Tour" trumpet overdub session on 3 May, forcing the session musicians to improvise a score for themselves.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=252}}

{{quote box|align=right|width=20%|"I tended to lay back on ''Magical Mystery Tour'' and let them have their head. Some of the sounds weren't very good. Some were brilliant, but some were bloody awful.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=277}}}}
After taking most of the summer off, the Beatles and Martin recorded "[[Your Mother Should Know]]" at Chappell Studios in London on 23 August. Four days later, [[Brian Epstein]] died of an accidental drug overdose, devastating the band and Martin.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=122}} McCartney urged the group to focus on the ''[[Magical Mystery Tour (film)|Magical Mystery Tour]]'' film project, and they resumed recording with Lennon's "[[I Am the Walrus]]".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=276}} For this song, which Martin initially disliked but grew to appreciate,{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=277, 283}} he provided a quirky and original arrangement for brass, violins, cellos, and the [[Mike Sammes]] Singers vocal ensemble singing nonsense phrases.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=127}}{{sfn|Miles|1997|p=357}}{{sfn|MacDonald|1994|p=216}} Martin, at Lennon's request, also fed a live BBC radio recording of [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[King Lear]]'' into the mixing desk for the song's fadeout.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=285}}

''Magical Mystery Tour'' was released as an EP in the UK in December 1967 and an LP in the US in late November; it reached no. 2 and no. 1 on those charts, respectively. It was nominated for Grammy Album of the Year in 1969. McCartney's "[[Hello, Goodbye]]", which featured orchestral overdubs scored and supervised by Martin,{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=287}} was issued as a single and reached no. 1 in both the US and UK.

===''Yellow Submarine'' and the White Album, 1967–1968===

====''Yellow Submarine'' soundtrack====
In early 1967, [[Brian Epstein]] and media producer [[Al Brodax]] signed a contract to have the Beatles provide four original songs to support an animated feature film, ''[[Yellow Submarine (film)|Yellow Submarine]]''. The Beatles were initially contemptuous of the project, planning to relegate only their weakest songs to the soundtrack.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=241, 303}} The first song recorded for the film was [[George Harrison]]'s "[[Only a Northern Song]]", which was debuted during the ''Sgt. Pepper'' sessions but rejected for inclusion by the other band members and Martin.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=206, 241}} The second was "[[All Together Now (Beatles song)|All Together Now]]", a children's sing-along recorded without Martin's involvement.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=250, 253}} The third was "[[It's All Too Much]]", also recorded without Martin in attendance.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=258}} The final original song for the film, "[[Hey Bulldog]]", was not recorded until February 1968.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=134}}

Martin composed the film's orchestral scores, which comprised the second half of the film's soundtrack album. Martin composed these pieces while the Beatles retreated to India during the spring of 1968.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=303}} Martin claimed to take inspiration for the score from [[Maurice Ravel]], "the musician I admire most".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=305}}

The ''Yellow Submarine'' film debuted on 17 July 1968 and was favourably received by critics.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=319}} However, Martin chose to re-record the album's score after the film's release, delaying the soundtrack's release until January 1969.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=320}} ''[[Yellow Submarine (album)|Yellow Submarine]]'' reached no. 2 in the US and no. 3 in the UK. Martin and three of the Beatles received a 1970 Grammy nomination for [[Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media|Best Sound Track Album]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Grammy Award Ceremony 1970 – Grammy Award Winners 1970 |website=awardsandshows.com |url=https://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1970-219.html |access-date=April 27, 2017}}</ref>

====''The Beatles'' ("White Album")====
The Beatles gathered for a brief spate of sessions in February 1968 before their planned retreat to India with the [[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]]. These sessions produced a no. 1 UK single, "[[Lady Madonna]]", backed by "[[The Inner Light (song)|The Inner Light]]".{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|pp=132–134}} While in India, the band members composed a large number of songs; they recorded these songs as demos at George Harrison's [[Kinfauns]] home.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=307}}

By the time of the [[The Beatles (album)|White Album]] sessions in mid-1968, Martin found himself in competition with [[Apple Electronics]]'s eccentric inventor, "[[Magic Alex]]", for the Beatles' interest in studio production.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=309}} Other new personnel attending Beatles sessions were Lennon's girlfriend, [[Yoko Ono]], and Martin's protégé, [[Chris Thomas (record producer)|Chris Thomas]].{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=311}} Engineer [[Geoff Emerick]], frustrated by the Beatles' increasingly unpleasant demeanour at many of the sessions, quit partway through the album's recording.{{sfn|Womack|2018|pp=313, 325}} Additionally, the Beatles began recording lengthy, repetitive rehearsal tracks in the studio.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=317}} With all these disruptions to the band's studio dynamic, Martin consciously stayed in the background of many sessions, reading stacks of newspapers in the control booth until his guidance or assistance was sought.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=313}}

Parts of the White Album sessions required Martin and his engineers to attend to simultaneous recordings in different studios, such as an occasion when Lennon was working on the [[musique concrète]] "[[Revolution 9]]" in Studio Three, while McCartney recorded "[[Blackbird (Beatles song)|Blackbird]]" in Studio Two.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=315}} Though Lennon and Ono were responsible for most of the final mix on "Revolution 9", Martin and Emerick applied a [[Send tape echo echo delay|STEED]] delay effect to the track.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=316}} Martin scored a [[fiddle]] arrangement on [[Ringo Starr]]'s first composition, "[[Don't Pass Me By]]".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=323}} He also scored brass arrangements on "[[Revolution 1]]", "[[Honey Pie]]", "[[Savoy Truffle]]", and "[[Martha My Dear]]".{{sfn|Womack|2018|pp=316, 343–344}}

Martin played [[celesta]] on the album's closing track, "[[Good Night (Beatles song)|Good Night]]", and conducted its orchestral arrangement. He also played [[harmonium]] on Lennon's "[[Cry Baby Cry]]".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=325}}

Martin recommended the Beatles choose the 14 best tracks from the sessions and issue a standard LP. The band overruled him, however, and chose to issue a [[double album]].{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=349}} The sequencing and cross-fading of the album required a 24-hour session attended by Martin, Lennon, and McCartney.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=346}} The album was released in late November to strong commercial and critical success, reaching no. 1 in the UK and US for eight and nine weeks, respectively.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=349}}

The White Album sessions produced a no. 1 single, "[[Hey Jude]]", backed with "[[Revolution (Beatles song)|Revolution]]". Martin scored a 36-piece orchestra for "Hey Jude"'s extended coda.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=331}}

===''Get Back''/''Let It Be'' and ''Abbey Road'', 1969–1970===

====''Get Back''/''Let It Be''====
In early January 1969, the Beatles gathered at [[Twickenham Studios|Twickenham Film Studios]] to compose and record new material for a live album. The group sought a raw, unedited sound for the album, with Lennon telling Martin that he did not want any "production shit".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=350}} Filmmaker [[Michael Lindsay-Hogg]] directed a film crew to observe the Beatles' work sessions for use in a feature documentary film. The band's working relationships faltered during these sessions, with Harrison quitting the group for several days out of frustration. (Martin later admitted he had contributed to Harrison's status as a "second-class" Beatle.){{sfn|Womack|2018|p=356}} Martin decided not to attend many of these tense, aimless sessions, leaving balance engineer [[Glyn Johns]] to act as ''de facto'' producer.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=350–351}}

In mid-January, the Beatles relocated their work to the basement studio of [[Apple Records]] at 3 [[Savile Row]], where their work ethic and mood improved. As [[Magic Alex]] had failed to deliver on a promised 72-track studio there, Martin called EMI to request two mobile four-track mixing desks and soundproofing equipment to enable a suitable recording environment.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=359}} The band was soon joined by keyboard player [[Billy Preston]], who attended the remaining sessions and contributed to the Beatles' new compositions. The Beatles and Preston [[The Beatles' rooftop concert|performed on the roof]] of Apple Records on 30 January 1969, while Martin recorded the impromptu concert in the building's basement studio.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=363}} This concert performance—the Beatles' last—produced recordings of five new tracks, including a new single, "[[Get Back]]". The next day, the band returned to the basement studio to record several more, including future singles "[[Let It Be (song)|Let It Be]]" and "[[The Long and Winding Road]]".{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=169–170}}

In March 1969, the Beatles rejected a proposed mix by Johns for a ''Get Back'' LP, scuttling hopes for a public release in the near term. The next month, they released "Get Back" as a single—though without a producer credit, as EMI was unable to determine whether Martin or Johns deserved the credit.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=372}} "Get Back" reached no. 1 in the UK and US. In May, Martin and Johns worked together on another mix of ''Get Back''—which the Beatles also rejected. Martin began at this time to consider that the Beatles might be finished as a commercial act.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=373}} The Beatles rejected yet another Glyn Johns mix of the album in January 1970.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=196}} Martin supervised the final Beatles recording session (without Lennon) on 3 January 1970, when the group recorded "[[I Me Mine]]".{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=195}} In early March 1970, "Let It Be" was released and reached no. 1 in the US (and no. 2 in the UK).

In late March and early April 1970, [[Phil Spector]] remixed the album—now known as ''[[Let It Be (album)|Let It Be]]''—and added a series of orchestral and choral overdubs to several tracks.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=198–199}} Martin (along with McCartney) was critical of these embellishments, calling them "so uncharacteristic of the clean sounds the Beatles had always used".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Miles |first1=Barry |title=The Beatles Diary Volume 1: The Beatles Years |date=27 October 2009 |publisher=Omnibus Press |isbn=978-0-85712-000-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=trRB-lo4qR8C&pg=PT674 |access-date=20 November 2022}}</ref> The album was finally released in May 1970, after McCartney had publicly announced he was leaving the Beatles. When EMI informed Martin that he would not get a production credit because Spector produced the final version, Martin commented, "I produced the original, and what you should do is have a credit saying 'Produced by George Martin, over-produced by Phil Spector'."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=Michael |last2=Spignesi |first2=Stephen J. |title=100 Best Beatles Songs: A Passionate Fan's Guide |date=10 October 2009 |publisher=Hachette Books |isbn=9781603762656 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3R1_REbXry8C&pg=PT42 |access-date=12 April 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413084507/https://books.google.com/books?id=3R1_REbXry8C&pg=PT42 |archive-date=13 April 2017}}</ref>

====''Abbey Road''====
The first song for what became the ''[[Abbey Road]]'' album, "[[I Want You (She's So Heavy)]]", was recorded on 22 February 1969 at Trident Studios without Martin.{{sfn|Lewisohn|1990|p=170}} However, the Beatles did not inform Martin they planned to record a new album until later in the spring when McCartney asked if Martin would produce it for them. "Only if you let me produce it the way we used to", he replied; McCartney agreed.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=373}} Lennon and McCartney also persuaded [[Geoff Emerick]] to rejoin their sessions as balance engineer, beginning with a recording of the single "[[The Ballad of John and Yoko]]" in mid-April;{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=374}} the single, backed with "[[Old Brown Shoe]]", reached no. 1 in the UK after its 30 May release.

Martin's first album session came on 5 May, when he supervised overdubs to Harrison's "[[Something (Beatles song)|Something]]". Martin soon set to help the Beatles develop the second side of the album into a "medley" of songs, akin to a [[rock opera]]. Martin guided the band using his knowledge of classical music to conceive a fluid, cohesive series of songs with repeating themes and motifs.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=375–376}} Sessions recommenced in July and continued into August. Martin played an [[electric harpsichord]] accompaniment to "[[Because (Beatles song)|Because]]". He also composed and orchestrated orchestral arrangements for four of the album's songs.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=384}}

''Abbey Road'' was released on 26 September 1969, topping the charts in both the US and Britain. The following year, Martin was nominated as its producer for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year.<ref name=Grammy1970>{{cite web |title=Grammy Awards 1970 |publisher=Awards & Shows |url=https://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1970-219.html}}</ref> Martin took particular pride in the symphonic medley on side two, claiming later, "There's far more of me on ''Abbey Road'' than on any of their other albums".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=393}} The album's double A-sided single, "Something"/"[[Come Together]]", reached no. 1 in the US.

===Post-breakup Beatles work===

====Beatle solo records====
Martin produced the first solo album by a member of the Beatles after [[John Lennon]] had privately announced he was leaving the group—[[Ringo Starr]]'s March 1970 [[standard (music)|standards]] album, ''[[Sentimental Journey (Ringo Starr album)|Sentimental Journey]]''.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=398}}

Martin next worked with [[Paul McCartney]] to score orchestral arrangements on three songs for the 1971 album ''[[Ram (album)|Ram]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harper |first1=Simon |title=Paul McCartney: How I made Ram |website=Classic Rock |date=25 June 2021 |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/paul-mccartney-how-i-made-ram |access-date=24 November 2022}}</ref> Martin then paired with McCartney and his band, [[Paul McCartney and Wings|Wings]] to produce the "[[Live and Let Die (song)|Live and Let Die]]" theme song for the 1973 James Bond [[Live and Let Die (film)|film of the same name]]. Martin arranged the orchestral production for the song, which reached no. 2 in the US singles chart.{{sfn|Womack|2018|pp=413–417}} Martin's work on the song earned him the Grammy Award for [[Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals|Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s)]] at the [[16th Annual Grammy Awards]] in 1974.<ref>{{cite web |title=Grammy Award Nominees 1974 – Grammy Award Winners 1974 |website=awardsandshows.com |url=https://www.awardsandshows.com/features/grammy-awards-1974-223.html |access-date=May 9, 2017}}</ref>

Martin and McCartney reunited in late 1980 to record "[[We All Stand Together]]", a song for a [[Rupert Bear]] animated short film, ''[[Rupert and the Frog Song]]''. The song was released as a single in 1984, reaching no. 3 in the UK chart.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=448}} The late 1980 sessions continued into the end of 1981 in AIR's studios in Montserrat and London, producing what became McCartney's 1982 ''[[Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)|Tug of War]]''.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=446–450}} [[Ringo Starr]] contributed drums to the top-10 US single "[[Take It Away (Paul McCartney song)|Take It Away]]". ''Tug of War'' was met with critical acclaim and topped both the US and UK album charts; the album's most successful single was "[[Ebony and Ivory]]", a McCartney duet with [[Stevie Wonder]] that also reached no. 1 in the UK and US.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=453}} ''Tug of War'' and two of its tracks were nominated for a total of five Grammys.<ref name="25GN">{{cite web |title=Rock on the Net: 25th Annual Grammy Awards – 1983 |url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1983/grammys.htm |access-date=31 August 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228091525/http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/1983/grammys.htm |archive-date=28 December 2012}}</ref>

McCartney and Martin used leftover material from ''Tug of War'' to start a new album, ''[[Pipes of Peace]]'', which was released in 1983. The lead single, "[[Say Say Say]]", was a duet between McCartney and [[Michael Jackson]] that reached no. 1 in the US and no. 2 in the UK. Martin scored a horn arrangement for the song.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=451}} The album's second single, the [[Pipes of Peace (song)|title track]], reached no. 1 in the UK.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=458}} ''Pipes of Peace'' did not receive the high acclaim of ''Tug of War'', though it reached no. 4 on the UK album charts.

Martin produced the [[Give My Regards to Broad Street|soundtrack album]] to McCartney's 1984 film, ''[[Give My Regards to Broad Street (film)|Give My Regards to Broad Street]]''. Though the film was poorly received, the soundtrack reached no. 1 in the UK and was supported by a UK no. 2 single, "[[No More Lonely Nights]]". The soundtrack also featured numerous reinterpretations of McCartney Beatles classics.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=458–459}}

Martin mixed McCartney's 1987 no. 10 UK single, "[[Once Upon a Long Ago]]".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=465}} He recorded orchestral overdubs for McCartney's 1990 "[[Put It There]]" and 1993 "[[C'Mon People]]" singles.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=470}} He provided additional orchestration on several tracks on McCartney's 1997 album, ''[[Flaming Pie]]'', and co-produced the song "[[Calico Skies]]".{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=475}}

In 1998, at [[Yoko Ono]]'s request, Martin scored an orchestral arrangement to the 1980 John Lennon demo of "[[Grow Old with Me]]", which appeared in the ''[[John Lennon Anthology]]''. Martin's son, [[Giles Martin|Giles]], played bass.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=475}}

====''The Beatles Anthology''====
Martin oversaw post-production on ''[[The Beatles Anthology]]'' (which was originally entitled ''The Long and Winding Road'') in 1994 and 1995, working again with [[Geoff Emerick]].<ref name="TheBeatlesAnthologyDVD">''The Beatles Anthology'' DVD 2003 (Special Features—Compiling The Anthology Albums—0:00:10) George Martin talking about The Anthology project.</ref> Martin decided to use an old 8-track analogue mixing console – which EMI learned an engineer still had – to mix the songs for the project, instead of a modern digital console. He explained this by saying that the old console created a completely different sound, which a new console could not accurately reproduce.<ref name="TheBeatlesAnthologyDVD1">''The Beatles Anthology'' DVD 2003 (Special Features: Compiling The Anthology Albums—0:03:14) George Martin talking about using an old 8-track desk for The Anthology project.</ref> He said he found the whole project a strange experience, as they had to listen to themselves chatting in the studio, 25–30 years previously.<ref name="TheBeatlesAnthologyDVD2">''The Beatles Anthology'' DVD 2003 (Special Features—Compiling The Anthology Albums—0:10:24) George Martin talking about how strange it was to listen to himself and the group chatting 30 years ago.</ref> Martin also contributed extensive interviews to the ''Anthology'' documentary series.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=473}} All three of the ''Anthology'' double-album releases reached no. 1 in the US.

Martin was not involved in producing the two new singles reuniting McCartney, Harrison, and Starr, who wanted to [[overdubbing|overdub]] two old Lennon demos provided by [[Yoko Ono]]—"[[Free as a Bird]]" and "[[Real Love (Beatles song)|Real Love]]". Though Martin's hearing loss was cited publicly as the rationale,<ref>[http://www.4hearingloss.com/archives/2005/10/mccartney_marti.html Martin's hearing loss] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208112934/http://www.4hearingloss.com/archives/2005/10/mccartney_marti.html |date=8 February 2012}} 4hearingloss.com. Retrieved: 23 September 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/sgt-pepper/features/beatles-producer-george-martin "handed over further duties to ELO supremo Jeff Lynne"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607101623/http://www.icons.org.uk/theicons/collection/sgt-pepper/features/beatles-producer-george-martin |date=7 June 2008}} icons.org.uk. Retrieved: 23 September 2007.</ref> he was not asked by the band members to produce the tracks; [[Jeff Lynne]] performed these duties instead.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=474}}

====Cirque du Soleil and ''Love''====
In 2006, Martin and his son, [[Giles Martin]], remixed 80 minutes of Beatles music for the Las Vegas stage performance ''[[Love (Cirque du Soleil)|Love]]'', a joint venture between [[Cirque du Soleil]] and the Beatles' [[Apple Corps]] Ltd.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6159426.stm Love unveils new angle on Beatles] BBC News; retrieved: 21 September 2007.</ref> A [[Love (Beatles album)|soundtrack album from the show]] was released that same year.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/6music/news/20061117_lovealbum.shtml Legendary producer returns to Abbey Road] BBC News; retrieved 21 September 2007.</ref> As part of his contribution to the soundtrack album, Martin orchestrated a score for a demo version of "[[While My Guitar Gently Weeps]]"; the orchestra session, recorded at [[AIR Lyndhurst Hall]], was his final orchestral production.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=487}} ''Love'' reached no. 3 in the UK charts and no. 4 in the US.<ref>{{cite web |title=THE BEATLES songs and albums full Official Chart history |date=17 October 1962 |publisher=Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/10363/beatles/ |access-date=19 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Beatles |magazine=Billboard |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/the-beatles/chart-history/tlp/ |access-date=19 September 2022}}</ref> Martin received the 2008 [[Grammy Awards]] for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album and Best Surround Sound Album.<ref name="grammys">{{cite web |title=George Martin |publisher=Grammy Awards |url=https://www.grammy.com/artists/george-martin/4663 |access-date=19 September 2022}}</ref>

==="Fifth Beatle" status===
Martin's contribution to the Beatles' work received regular critical acclaim, and led to him being described as the "[[fifth Beatle]]". In 2016, McCartney wrote that "If anyone earned the title of the fifth Beatle it was George".<ref>{{cite web |title=Paul McCartney – I'm so sad to hear the news of the... |work=facebook.com |url=https://www.facebook.com/PaulMcCartney/photos/a.488766413312.281294.182736663312/10154098987943313/ |url-access=limited |access-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/182736663312/10154098987943313 |archive-date=2022-02-26}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='Fifth Beatle' Sir George Martin believes EMI break-up 'the worst thing music has ever faced' |last=Rushton |first=Katherine |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |date=24 April 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/media/9224588/Fifth-Beatle-Sir-George-Martin-believes-EMI-break-up-the-worst-thing-music-has-ever-faced.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 September 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/media/9224588/Fifth-Beatle-Sir-George-Martin-believes-EMI-break-up-the-worst-thing-music-has-ever-faced.html |archive-date=11 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> According to [[Alan Parsons]], he had "great ears" and "rightfully earned the title of "fifth Beatle".<ref>{{cite web |title=Alan Parsons – I send my sincere condolences to George's... |work=facebook.com |url=https://www.facebook.com/alanparsons/photos/a.446624402957.244172.57520222957/10154066584837958/ |url-access=limited |access-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/57520222957/10154066584837958 |archive-date=2022-02-26}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Julian Lennon]] called Martin "the fifth Beatle, without question".<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/julianlennonofficial/posts/10153793802326117 Julian Lennon. So Sad to hear the News of George's Passing...], facebook.com; accessed 10 March 2016.</ref>

In the immediate aftermath of the Beatles' break-up, a time when he made many angry utterances, John Lennon trivialised Martin's importance to the Beatles' music. In his 1970 interview with [[Jann Wenner]], Lennon said, "[<nowiki/>[[Dick James]]] is another one of those people, who think they made us. They didn't. I'd like to hear Dick James' music and I'd like to hear George Martin's music, please, just play me some."<ref>{{cite web |title=The Rolling Stone Interview: John Lennon (text and podcast) |publisher=Imaginepeace.com |date=18 May 2014 |url=https://www.imaginepeace.com/archives/4385 |access-date=30 July 2014}}</ref> Martin rebutted Lennon's comments in an interview in ''[[Melody Maker]]''.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=408}} In a 1971 letter to Paul McCartney, Lennon wrote, "When people ask me questions about 'What did George Martin really do for you?,' I have only one answer, 'What does he do now?' I noticed you had no answer for that! It's not a putdown, it's the truth."<ref name="music.yahoo.com">{{cite web |last=Willman |first=Chris |title='John Lennon Letters' Reveal Bitterness Toward George Martin As Well as McCartney |work=Music.yahoo.com |date=8 October 2012 |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/blogs/stop-the-presses/john-lennon-letters-reveal-bitterness-toward-george-martin-192300104.html |access-date=30 July 2014}}</ref> Lennon wrote that Martin took too much credit for the Beatles' music. Commenting specifically on "[[Revolution 9]]", Lennon said, "For Martin to state that he was 'painting a sound picture' is pure hallucination. Ask any of the other people involved. The final editing Yoko and I did alone."<ref name="music.yahoo.com"/>

In contrast, in 1971 Lennon said, "George Martin made us what we were in the studio. He helped us develop a language to talk to other musicians."<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/beatles-producer-george-martin-dead-at-90-240603/ "Beatles Producer George Martin Dead At 90"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820045047/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/beatles-producer-george-martin-dead-at-90-20160309#ixzz42OratF5K |date=20 August 2017}}, ''Rolling Stone'', 9 March 2016; retrieved 9 March 2016.</ref>

==Other artists==
[[File:London - Oxford Circus - View ENE.jpg|thumb|Martin's AIR London operated in [[Oxford Circus]] from 1970 to 1991]]

===Independent production work, 1965–1980s===
Martin's early work under his new [[Associated Independent Recording]] (AIR) banner included [[Cilla Black]]'s rendition of [[Burt Bacharach]]'s "[[Alfie (Burt Bacharach song)|Alfie]]", which made no. 6 in the UK, and musical scores for [[Lionel Bart]]'s much-maligned ''[[Twang!!]]'' theatrical production.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=6–8}} Another early AIR act was [[the Action]], whom Martin had produced earlier through Parlophone.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=9}} AIR's first official outside signing was [[David and Jonathan (band)|David and Jonathan]], who scored a no. 7 UK hit with "Lovers of the World Unite" in 1966.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=10}} Martin also reunited with other artists from his Parlophone days, such as [[Matt Monro]], [[Rolf Harris]], and [[Ron Goodwin]], though these reunions often failed to produce the same success as earlier records had.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=10–12}}

Martin also continued to produce novelty music acts, such as [[the Scaffold]], the comedy rock group featuring Paul McCartney's brother, [[Mike McGear]].{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=71}} In November 1967, they released their first top-10 hit, "[[Thank U Very Much (The Scaffold song)|Thank U Very Much]]"—though it was also the last Scaffold record produced by Martin.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=298}} Martin also recorded [[the Master Singers]], whose "Highway Code" single became a minor hit in April 1966.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=115}}

In October 1970, Martin and his AIR partners opened their [[AIR Oxford Circus|first company studio]] at the top of the [[Peter Robinson (department store)|Peter Robinson building]] in [[Oxford Circus]], London.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=369, 405}}

In 1977, Martin expressed interest in producing [[Billy Joel]]'s next album, which would become ''[[The Stranger (album)|The Stranger]]''. Joel, a huge fan of The Beatles and an admirer of Martin's work, was adamant that he wanted to use his touring band on the album, while Martin was insistent on using session musicians. This disagreement caused Joel to go with [[Phil Ramone]] instead of Martin as producer for the album.

Additional artists that Martin worked with include singers [[Celine Dion]], [[Kenny Rogers]], [[Yoshiki (musician)|Yoshiki]] of [[X Japan]], [[Gary Brooker]], [[Neil Sedaka]], and the a cappella vocal ensemble [[the King's Singers]];{{sfn|Martin|1995|pp=246–247}} guitarists [[Jeff Beck]], [[John McLaughlin (musician)|John McLaughlin]], and [[John Williams (guitarist)|John Williams]]; 1960s duo [[Edwards Hand]]; and the bands [[Seatrain (band)|Seatrain]],{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=409–411}} [[Ultravox]], [[UFO (band)|UFO]], [[Cheap Trick]], and [[Little River Band]].<ref>{{cite web |title=''Eternal Melody'' release information |work=cdjapan.co.jp |url=https://www.cdjapan.co.jp/product/UPCH-1139}} Retrieved: 22 April 2024.</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Article on Hideto Matsumoto's death |work=The New York Times |last=Strauss |first=Neil |date=18 June 1998 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D00EFD7103DF93BA25755C0A96E958260 |access-date=3 May 2010}}</ref> Martin produced seven albums for [[America (band)|America]], which included the hits "[[Tin Man (America song)|Tin Man]]" (on which he played piano), "[[Lonely People]]", and "[[Sister Golden Hair]]". As the band's [[Gerry Beckley]] said in a 2017 interview, "He was really great at keeping us focused and moving forward."<ref>{{cite web |website=Songwriter Universe |title=Dewey Bunnell & Gerry Beckley of America Tell How They Wrote Their Classic Hit Songs "A Horse With No Name," "Sister Golden Hair" And Other Hits |last=Kawashima |first=Dale |date=July 12, 2017 |url=https://www.songwriteruniverse.com/america-band-interview-2017.htm |access-date=December 15, 2022}}</ref>
[[File:George Martin.jpg|thumb|Martin in 2007]]
He also produced the album ''[[The Man in the Bowler Hat]]'' (1974) for the eccentric British folk-rock group [[Stackridge]].<ref>[https://stackridge.net/history.htm Stackridge web page] stackridge.net; retrieved on 19 September 2007 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121225637/http://www.stackridge.net/history.htm |date=21 November 2008}}</ref> Martin worked with [[Paul Winter]] on his (1972) ''Icarus'' album, which was recorded in a rented house by the sea in [[Marblehead, Massachusetts]]. Winter said that Martin taught him "how to use the studio as a tool", and allowed him to record the album in a relaxed atmosphere, which was different from the pressurised control in a professional studio.<ref>[https://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/northwestern/spring2000/spring00paulwinter.htm Paul Winter comments about Martin and recording] northwestern.edu Retrieved 8 November 2007.</ref> In 1979 he worked with [[Ron Goodwin]] to produce the album containing ''[[The Beatles Concerto]]'', written by [[John Rutter]].

In 1988, Martin produced an album version of the play ''[[Under Milk Wood]]'', with music by Martin, [[Elton John]], and [[Mark Knopfler]]; [[Anthony Hopkins]] played the part of "First Voice".<ref>{{cite book |title=Under Milk Wood: a play for voices |date=21 April 2016 |oclc=952475860 |via=Open WorldCat |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952475860}}</ref>{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=466}}

In 1979, Martin opened [[AIR Montserrat]], a studio on the Caribbean island of [[Montserrat]]. This studio was destroyed by [[Hurricane Hugo]] ten years later.<ref>[http://www.rockhall.com/inductees/george-martin Rock and roll hall of fame:George Martin] rockhall.com</ref>

===Later work, 1990s–2010===
In 1991, Martin contributed the string arrangement and conducted the orchestra for the song "Ticket to Heaven" on the last [[Dire Straits]] studio album, ''[[On Every Street]]''. In 1992, Martin worked with [[Pete Townshend]] on the musical stage production of ''[[The Who's Tommy]]''. The play opened on Broadway in 1993, with the original cast album being released that summer. Martin won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Show Album in 1993, as the producer of that album.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=471}}

In 1995, he contributed the horn and string arrangement for the song "Latitude" on the [[Elton John]] ''Made in England'' album, which was recorded at Martin's AIR Studios London. He also produced "[[Candle in the Wind 1997]]", Elton's tribute single to the late [[Diana, Princess of Wales]], which topped charts around the world in September 1997 and became the [[List of best-selling singles in the United Kingdom|best-selling British single of all time]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2010/08_august/31/radio2.shtml BBC – Press Office: Elton John tops million sellers chart] [[BBC Radio 2]] Official Charts Company. Retrieved 9 March 2016.</ref><ref>[http://newscdn.bbc.net.uk/1/hi/entertainment/471353.stm Entertainment: Elton's candle burns in Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001015732/http://newscdn.bbc.net.uk/1/hi/entertainment/471353.stm |date=1 October 2018}} [[BBC News]]. Retrieved 9 March 2016.</ref> It was also Martin's final production of a single.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=477}}

On 15 September 1997, Martin arranged a [[benefit concert]] for the island of [[Montserrat]], which had been devastated by volcanic activity. The event, ''[[Music for Montserrat]]'', featured [[Paul McCartney]], Elton John, [[Sting (musician)|Sting]], [[Phil Collins]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[Jimmy Buffett]], and [[Carl Perkins]].{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=469}}

Martin served as a consultant to the June 2002 [[Party at the Palace]] at [[Buckingham Palace Garden]] for the Queen's Golden Jubilee.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=484}}

In 2010, Martin was the executive producer of the hard rock debut of Arms of the Sun, an all-star project featuring [[Rex Brown]] ([[Pantera]], [[Down (band)|Down]]), John Luke Hebert ([[King Diamond]]), Lance Harvill and Ben Bunker.<ref>[http://www.gibson.com/en-us/Lifestyle/News/arms-of-the-sun-0215/ George Martin Project Set to Debut on ExtremeMusic.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622070730/http://www.gibson.com/en-us/Lifestyle/News/arms-of-the-sun-0215/ |date=22 June 2011}}; retrieved 20 February 2010.</ref>

==Film and composing work==
Beginning in the late 1950s, Martin began to supplement his producer income by publishing music and having his artists record it. He used the pseudonyms Lezlo Anales and John Chisholm, before settling on Graham Fisher as his primary pseudonym.{{sfn|Lewisohn|2013|p=273}} His earliest composing work was incidental music to accompany Peter Sellers's comedy records.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=47}} His film work was aided by his secretary and second wife, Judy, whose father was chairman of the [[Film Producers Guild]].{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=77}} In 1966, he signed a long-term deal with [[United Artists]] to write instrumental music.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=113}}

Martin composed, arranged, and produced film scores beginning in the early 1960s, including the instrumental scores of the films ''[[A Hard Day's Night (film)|A Hard Day's Night]]'' (1964, for which he won an Academy Award Nomination), [[Ferry Cross the Mersey (film)|''Ferry Cross the Mersey'']] (1965), [[Yellow Submarine (1968 film)|''Yellow Submarine'']] (1968), and ''[[Live and Let Die (film)|Live and Let Die]]'' (1973). Other notable movie scores include ''[[Crooks Anonymous]]'' (1962), ''[[The Family Way]]'' (1966), ''[[Pulp (1972 film)|Pulp]]'' (1972, starring [[Michael Caine]] and [[Mickey Rooney]]), the [[Peter Sellers]] film ''[[The Optimists of Nine Elms]]'' (1973), and the [[John Schlesinger]]-directed ''[[Honky Tonk Freeway]]'' (1981).<ref>{{cite web |title=George Martin (filmography as composer) |publisher=IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/filmosearch?role=nm0552326&job_type=composer |access-date=2019-12-07}}</ref>

Martin was also commissioned to write an official opening theme for [[BBC Radio 1]]'s launch in September 1967. Entitled "[[Theme One]]", it was the first music heard on Radio 1 (not [[The Move]]'s "[[Flowers in the Rain]]", which was the first record played in full on the station).<ref>{{cite news |title=50 facts about Radio 1 & 2 as they turn 50 |publisher=BBC News |date=2017-09-30 |last1=Savage |first1=Mark |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-41414837}}</ref> The tune was later covered by the British [[progressive rock]] group [[Van der Graaf Generator]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Van der Graaf singer Peter Hammill talks to Steve Peacock |journal=[[Sounds (magazine)|Sounds]] |author=Steve Peacock |date=29 January 1972 |url=http://www.vandergraafgenerator.co.uk/ph_s1.htm |access-date=15 April 2019}}</ref>

In November 2017, the [[Craig Leon]]-produced album ''George Martin – Film Scores and Original Orchestral Music'' was released. The album of new recordings collected a selection of Martin's compositions together for the first time, including previously unheard pieces ''Belle Etoile'' and sketches from the feature film ''[[The Mission (1986 film)|The Mission]]'' (1986) which were not used in the original soundtrack.

===Music from the James Bond series===
Martin directly and indirectly contributed to the main themes of three films in the [[James Bond]] series. Although Martin did not produce the theme for the second Bond film, ''[[From Russia with Love (film)|From Russia with Love]]'', he was responsible for the signing of [[Matt Monro]] to EMI, just months prior to his recording of the song of the same title.<ref>[http://www.eastlondonhistory.com/norman%20newell.htm Andrews Sisters, Ann Shelton, Matt Monro—bottom of page] eastlondonhistory.com. Accessed 29 December 2007 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419025036/http://www.eastlondonhistory.com/norman%20newell.htm |date=19 April 2012}}</ref>
Martin also produced two of the best-known James Bond themes. The first was "[[Goldfinger (Shirley Bassey song)|Goldfinger]]" by [[Shirley Bassey]] in 1964.<ref>[http://www.georgemartin.co.uk/cdfour.html Track listing for George Martin compilation on his official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216103201/http://www.georgemartin.co.uk/cdfour.html |date=16 December 2007}} georgemartin.co.uk. Accessed 29 December 2007.</ref> The second, in 1973, was "[[Live and Let Die (song)|Live and Let Die]]" by [[Wings (band)|Paul McCartney and Wings]] for the [[Live and Let Die (film)|film of the same name]]. He also composed and produced the [[Live and Let Die (soundtrack)|film's score]].<ref>{{cite web |title=George Martin – film composer and Music Producer |publisher=Mfiles.co.uk |url=http://www.mfiles.co.uk/composers/George-Martin.htm |access-date=22 September 2011}}</ref>

==Books and audio retrospective==
In 1979, Martin published a memoir, ''[[All You Need Is Ears]]'' (co-written with Jeremy Hornsby), that described his work with the Beatles and other artists (including [[Peter Sellers]], [[Sophia Loren]], [[Shirley Bassey]], [[Flanders and Swann]], [[Matt Monro]], and [[Dudley Moore]]), and gave an informal introduction to the art and science of [[sound recording]]. In 1993, he published ''Summer of Love: The Making of Sgt Pepper'' (published in the U.S. as ''With a Little Help from My Friends: The Making of Sgt Pepper'', co-authored with William Pearson),{{sfn|Martin|Pearson|1995}}<ref>[http://www.genesis-publications.com/books/summer_of_love/index.html ''Summer Of Love''], genesis-publications.com; retrieved 23 September 2007.</ref> which also included interview quotations from a 1992 ''[[The South Bank Show|South Bank Show]]'' episode discussing the album. Martin also edited a 1983 book called ''Making Music: The Guide to Writing, Performing and Recording''.

In 2001, Martin released ''[[Produced by George Martin]]: 50 Years in Recording'', a six-CD retrospective of his entire studio career, and in 2002, Martin launched ''Playback'', his limited-edition illustrated autobiography, published by [[Genesis Publications]].<ref>[http://www.genesis-publications.com/books/playback/ Playback—An Illustrated Memoir] genesis-publications.com. Retrieved: 23 September 2007.</ref>

==Television==

===''The Rhythm of Life''===
In 1997–98, Martin hosted a three-part [[BBC]] co-produced documentary series titled ''The Rhythm of Life'', in which he discussed various aspects of musical composition with professional musicians and singers, among them [[Brian Wilson]], [[Billy Joel]], and [[Celine Dion]]. The series aired on the [[Ovation (U.S. TV channel)|Ovation]] television network in the United States.<ref>[http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/series/29086 Program listing at British Film Industry website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815020856/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/series/29086 |date=15 August 2010}} bfi.org.uk. Retrieved: 2 May 2013.</ref><ref>[http://realscreen.com/2000/01/01/27819-20000101/ "The Rhythm of Life strikes a sweet note with Ovation"] realscreen.com. Retrieved: 2 May 2013.</ref><ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-04-13-ca-48162-story.html "All You Need Is&nbsp;... 'The Rhythm of Life'"] articles.latimes.com. Retrieved: 2 May 2013.</ref>

===''Produced by George Martin''===
On 25 April 2011, a 90-minute documentary feature film co-produced by the BBC ''[[Arena (UK TV series)|Arena]]'' team, ''[[Produced by George Martin]]'', aired to critical acclaim for the first time in the UK. It combines rare archive footage and new interviews with, among others, [[Paul McCartney]], [[Ringo Starr]], [[Jeff Beck]], [[Cilla Black]], and [[Giles Martin]], and tells the life story of how Martin, a schoolboy growing up in the Depression, grew up to become a legendary music producer.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=483}} The film, with over 50 minutes of extra footage, including interviews from [[Rick Rubin]], [[T-Bone Burnett]] and [[Ken Scott]], was released worldwide by [[Eagle Rock Entertainment]] on DVD and Blu-ray on 10 September 2012.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} [[Mark Lewisohn]] curated an accompanying six-volume musical box set.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=483}}

===''Soundbreaking: Stories from the Cutting Edge of Recorded Music''===
Produced in association with Sir George Martin, ''[[SoundBreaking|Soundbreaking: Stories from the Cutting Edge of Recorded Music]]'' charts a century's worth of music innovation and experimentation, and offers a behind-the-scenes look at recorded music. ''Soundbreaking'' features more than 160 original interviews with some of the most celebrated recording artists, producers, and music industry pioneers of all time. ''Soundbreaking'' became Martin's last, and one of his most personal, projects when he died six days before its premiere.<ref>[http://soundbreaking.com/about-the-series/ "About the Series: Soundbreaking"] soundbreaking.com. Retrieved: 26 November 2016.</ref>

==Personal life==
In 1946, Martin met Jean ("Sheena") Chisholm, a fellow member of the Royal Navy's choir. They bonded over their mutual love of music.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=16}} Martin's mother, Bertha, strongly disapproved of Chisholm as a partner for Martin, causing early strain in the relationship.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=20}} Against Bertha's wishes, Martin and Chisholm married at the [[University of Aberdeen]] on 3 January 1948.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=21}} Bertha died three weeks later of a brain haemorrhage, and Martin felt responsible for his mother's death.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=21}} They had two children, Alexis (born 1953){{sfn|Womack|2017|p=37}} and [[Gregory Paul Martin]] (born 1957). Around 1955, the Martins moved from London and bought a home in the [[New towns in the United Kingdom|development town]] of [[Hatfield, Hertfordshire]] some 20 miles north.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=37}} By the early 1960s, Martin sought divorce, but Chisholm refused, citing her childcare needs.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=75}} By this time, Martin had also moved out of Hatfield and rented a small flat in central London, which he shared with his widowed father for a time.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=76}} Their divorce was finalized in February 1965.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=255}}

Martin met Judy Lockhart Smith on his first day of work at EMI Studios in 1950, when she served as secretary to Parlophone director Oscar Preuss.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=25}} Martin chose to retain her as a secretary when he assumed the direction of Parlophone in 1955, and they commuted together from Hatfield each day.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=43}} Martin and Lockhart Smith began a discreet affair in the late 1950s.{{sfn|Womack|2017|p=75}} They married on 24 June 1966 at the [[Marylebone Town Hall|Marylebone Registry Office]].{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=107}} They had two children, Lucie (born 1967) and [[Giles Martin]] (born 1969).

In the mid-1970s, Martin's hearing started to decline;<ref name="Yahoo 2018">{{cite news |last1=Yahoo Music |title=Giles Martin on father George Martin's hearing loss: 'I became his ears when I was quite young' |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/giles-martin-father-george-martins-hearing-loss-became-ears-quite-young-193540603.html |access-date=24 July 2024 |work=Y! Entertainment |date=2 August 2018 |ref=Yahoo 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117091404/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/giles-martin-father-george-martins-hearing-loss-became-ears-quite-young-193540603.html |archive-date=17 November 2023}}</ref> in an interview with the Institute of Professional Sound, he stated that he first noticed it when realizing that he couldn't detect high frequencies that an engineer was using to evaluate tonality.<ref name="Dimond 2014">{{cite web |last1=Dimond |first1=Dawn |title=George Martin – "In My Life" |url=https://ips.org.uk/2014/03/george-martin-in-my-life/ |website=Institute of Professional Sound |access-date=24 July 2024 |ref=Dimond 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520130324/https://ips.org.uk/2014/03/george-martin-in-my-life/ |archive-date=20 May 2024 |date=10 March 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Giles consequently served as an impromptu assistant and helped George hide the condition as it worsened over the next two decades.<ref name="Yahoo 2018"></ref> Martin attributed his hearing loss to his constant production work, stating that "I was in the studio for 14 hours at a stretch, and never let my ears repair. There's no question that listening to loud music was a major contribution to my hearing loss."<ref name="Dimond 2014"></ref> By 2014, he relied on a combination of hearing aids and lip-reading to communicate face-to-face.<ref name="Dimond 2014"></ref>

Martin spent his later years with Lockhart Smith at their home in [[Coleshill, Oxfordshire]].{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=481}}

==Death==
Martin died on 8 March 2016 at his home in Coleshill, at age 90.<ref name=ODNB>{{cite ODNB |title=Martin, Sir George Henry (1926–2016), record producer |last=Martin |first=Spencer |year=2020 |doi=10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.111156}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Beatles Producer George Martin Dead at 90 |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=9 March 2016 |author=Andy Greene |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/beatles-producer-george-martin-dead-at-90-20160309 |access-date=9 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309100022/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/beatles-producer-george-martin-dead-at-90-20160309 |archive-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> His death was announced by [[Ringo Starr]] on his Twitter account,<ref name="RingoTwitter">{{cite web |title=Ringo Starr |publisher=Twitter.com |date=8 March 2016 |url=https://twitter.com/ringostarrmusic/status/707420462620381184 |access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> and a spokesperson for [[Universal Music Group]] confirmed his death.<ref>{{cite web |title=George Martin, Producer and Arranger for The Beatles, Dies at 90 |publisher=Yahoo.com |date=9 March 2016 |url=https://www.yahoo.com/music/george-martin-producer-arranger-beatles-dies-90-050701940.html |access-date=9 March 2016 |archive-date=9 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309094142/https://www.yahoo.com/music/george-martin-producer-arranger-beatles-dies-90-050701940.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The cause of his death was not immediately disclosed,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Beatles Producer George Martin Dies Aged 90 |magazine=Time |date=9 March 2016 |author=Jennifer Frederick |url=https://time.com/4252140/george-martin-producer-beatles-dies/ |access-date=9 March 2016}}</ref> but his biographer, [[Kenneth Womack]], later wrote that the cause of death had been complications associated with stomach cancer.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=491 <!-- "He had ultimately died from complications associated with stomach cancer" -->}} His funeral was held on 14 March at All Saints Church in Coleshill, and he was buried near the church. A memorial service was held on 11 May at [[St Martin-in-the-Fields]], attended by, among others, [[Paul McCartney]], Ringo Starr, [[Yoko Ono]], [[Olivia Harrison]], [[Elton John]], [[Bernard Cribbins]], and former colleagues.{{sfn|Womack|2018|p=491}}

==Awards and recognition==
* [[Grammy Award]] 1967&nbsp;– Best Contemporary Album (as producer of ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'')<ref name="grammy.com">{{cite web |title=GRAMMY.com |url=http://www.grammy.com |access-date=18 February 2007}}</ref>
* [[Grammy Award]] 1967&nbsp;– Album of the Year (as producer of ''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band'')<ref name="grammy.com"/>
* [[Grammy Award]] 1973&nbsp;– Best Arrangement, Accompanying Vocalist(s) (as arranger of "Live and Let Die")<ref name="grammy.com"/>
* [[BRIT Awards]] 1977&nbsp;– Best British Producer (of the past 25 years).<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1999/02/99/brit_awards/277176.stm Brit Awards] bbc.co.uk. Retrieved: 21 September 2007.</ref>
* [[BRIT Awards]] 1984&nbsp;– Outstanding Contribution To Music<ref>{{cite web |title=The BRIT Awards 1984 |url=http://brits.co.uk/winners/1984/ |access-date=18 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216063758/http://brits.co.uk/winners/1984/ |archive-date=16 February 2007}}</ref>
* [[Grammy Award]] 1993&nbsp;– Best Musical Show Album (as producer of ''[[The Who's Tommy]]'')<ref name="grammy.com"/>
* [[Grammy Award]] 2007&nbsp;– Best Compilation Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media, producer together with Giles Martin, of [[The Beatles]] album ''[[Love (Beatles album)|Love]]''<ref name="grammy.com"/>
* [[Grammy Award]] 2007&nbsp;– Best Surround Sound Album, producer together with Giles Martin, of [[The Beatles]] album ''[[Love (Beatles album)|Love]]''<ref name="grammy.com"/>
* In 1965, he was nominated for an [[Academy Award]] 1964&nbsp;– Scoring of Music (for ''[[A Hard Day's Night (film)|A Hard Day's Night]]'')<ref>{{cite web |title=awardsdatabase.com |url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp;jsessionid=2B37F9CC81DC1329C798DE43CF6E736B.squash?curTime=1191603429786 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114044402/http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp%3Bjsessionid%3D2B37F9CC81DC1329C798DE43CF6E736B.squash?curTime=1191603429786 |archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>
* In April 1989, he was awarded an honorary Doctorate in Music by [[Berklee College of Music]] in Boston, Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commencement Address |date=13 April 1989 |url=http://www.berklee.edu/commencement/past/gmartin.html |access-date=7 December 2015}}</ref>
* On 9 July 1992, he was awarded an honorary Master of Arts degree by the University of Salford, in recognition of his involvement with the innovative BSc Hons Popular Music and Recording validated by the university (taught at University College Salford), and his contribution to British popular music in general.<ref>{{cite web |title=Honorary Degrees |url=http://www.governance.salford.ac.uk/honorary_degrees |access-date=13 March 2016 |archive-date=13 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313130741/http://www.governance.salford.ac.uk/honorary_degrees |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* He was inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] on 15 March 1999<ref>{{cite web |title=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum |url=http://www.rockhall.com/hof/inductee.asp?id=149 |access-date=18 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202161325/http://www.rockhall.com/hof/inductee.asp?id=149 |archive-date=2 February 2007}}</ref> and into the [[UK Music Hall of Fame]] on 14 November 2006.
* Martin was named the [[British Phonographic Industry]]'s "Man of the Year" of 1998.
* In 2002, he was given the [[World Soundtrack Award&nbsp;– Lifetime Achievement|Lifetime Achievement Award]] for Services to Film by the [[World Soundtrack Academy]] at Belgium's Flanders International Film Festival.
* In 2002, Martin was honoured with a gold medal for Services to the Arts from the [[Confédération Internationale des Sociétés d´Auteurs et Compositeurs|CISAC]] (the International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers).<ref>{{cite web |title=2002 CISAC World Congress Photos |date=2002-09-26 |website=BMI.com |url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/20020927_2002_cisac_world_congress_photos |access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref>
*He was granted his own [[coat of arms]] in March 2004 by the [[College of Arms]]. His shield features three beetles, a [[house martin]] holding a [[recorder (instrument)|recorder]], and the Latin motto ''Amore Solum Opus Est'' ("All You Need Is Love").<ref name="college-of-arms.gov.uk">{{cite web |title=The Arms, Crest and Badge of Sir George Martin – College of Arms |url=https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/grants/item/66-george-martin |access-date=22 April 2024}}</ref>
* In November 2006, he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Music by [[Leeds Beckett University]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tribute to Leeds Beckett honorary graduate |date=9 March 2016 |website=Leeds Beckett University – News |url=https://www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/news/0316-tribute-to-leeds-beckett-honorary-graduate/ |access-date=7 December 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207155154/https://www.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/news/0316-tribute-to-leeds-beckett-honorary-graduate/ |archive-date=7 December 2019}}</ref>
* In September 2008, he was awarded the [[James Joyce Award]] by the [[Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)|Literary and Historical Society]] of [[University College Dublin]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Irish Independent |date=25 September 2008 |url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/music/the-lsquofifth-beatlersquo-to-get-joyce-honour-1481861.html}}</ref>
* On 25 May 2010, he was given an honorary membership in the [[Audio Engineering Society]] at the 128th AES Convention in London.
* On 29 June 2011, he was given an honorary degree, Doctor of Music, from the University of Oxford.<ref>{{cite web |title=University of Oxford Gazette |df=dmy-all  |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/2010-2011/23june2011-no4958/congregation/ |access-date=29 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120930195236/http://www.ox.ac.uk/gazette/2010-2011/23june2011-no4958/congregation/ |archive-date=30 September 2012}}</ref>
* On 17 October 2012, he won a lifetime award in the 39th [[BASCA]] Gold Badge Awards<ref>{{cite web |title=Don Black and Sir George Martin |work=Gold Badge Awards |df=dmy-all |url=http://www.goldbadgeawards.com/don-black-and-sir-george-martin |access-date=10 March 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310202701/http://www.goldbadgeawards.com/don-black-and-sir-george-martin/ |archive-date=10 March 2016}}</ref>

Martin was one of a handful of producers to have number-one records in three or more consecutive decades (1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s). Others in this group include [[Mariah Carey]] (1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020s), [[Max Martin]] (1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020s), [[Phil Spector]] (1950s, 1960s, and 1970s), [[Quincy Jones]] (1960s, 1970s, and 1980s), [[Michael Omartian]] (1970s, 1980s, and 1990s), [[Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis]] (1980s, 1990s, and 2000s) and [[Dr. Luke]] (2000s, 2010s, and 2020s)<ref>Bronson, Fred. ''Billboard's Hottest Hot 100 Hits''. Billboard Books, 2003 (3rd ed.), pp. 106–28.</ref><ref>Whitburn, Joel. ''Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955–2012'', Record Research, 2013 (14th ed.); accessed 10 March 2016.</ref>

==Selected non-Beatles hit records produced or co-produced by George Martin==
Over his career, Martin produced 30 number-one singles and 16 number-one albums in the UK – in addition to a then-record 23 number-one singles and 19 number-one albums in the US (most of which were by [[the Beatles]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=George Martin – Biography |website=[[William Morris Agency]] |url=http://www.wma.com/sir_george_martin/bio/GEORGE_MARTIN.pdf |access-date=6 August 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710001752/http://www.wma.com/sir_george_martin/bio/GEORGE_MARTIN.pdf |archive-date=10 July 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Trust |first1=Gary |title=Ariana Grande's 'Yes, And?' Debuts at No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |publisher=[[Penske Media]] |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/ariana-grande-yes-and-hot-100-number-one-debut-2-1235586226/ |access-date=18 January 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418003457/https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/ariana-grande-yes-and-hot-100-number-one-debut-2-1235586226/ |archive-date=18 April 2024}}</ref>

{{Main|The Beatles discography}} {{Main|Paul McCartney discography}}
* "[[You're Driving Me Crazy]]", [[The Temperance Seven]] (25 May 1961, no. 1 UK)
* "[[My Kind of Girl (Matt Monro song)|My Kind of Girl]]", [[Matt Monro]] (31 July 1961, no. 5 UK)
* "[[My Boomerang Won't Come Back]]", [[Charlie Drake]] (5 October 1961, no. 14 UK)
* "[[Sun Arise]]", [[Rolf Harris]] (25 October 1962, no. 3 UK)
* "[[How Do You Do It?]]", Gerry & the Pacemakers (11 April 1963, no. 1 UK)
* "[[Bad to Me]]", Billy J. Kramer with the Dakotas (22 August 1963, no. 1 UK)
* "[[Hello Little Girl]]", [[The Fourmost]] (30 August 1963, no. 9 UK)
* "[[Little Children (song)|Little Children]]", [[Billy J. Kramer]] with the Dakotas (19 March 1964, no. 1 UK)
* "[[Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying]]", [[Gerry and the Pacemakers]] (4 July 1964, no. 4 US)
* "[[You're My World]]", [[Cilla Black]] (1 August 1964, no. 1 UK)
* "Walk Away", Matt Monro (4 September 1964, no. 4 UK)
* "[[I Like It (Gerry and the Pacemakers song)|I Like It]]", Gerry & the Pacemakers (7 November 1964, no. 1 UK)
* "[[I'll Be There (Bobby Darin song)|I'll Be There]]", Gerry & the Pacemakers (30 January 1965, no. 15 UK)
* "[[Ferry Cross the Mersey]]", Gerry & the Pacemakers (20 March 1965, no. 6 US)
* "[[Goldfinger (Shirley Bassey song)|Goldfinger]]", [[Shirley Bassey]] (27 March 1965, no. 8 US, no. 21 UK)
* "[[Alfie (Burt Bacharach song)|Alfie]]", Cilla Black (10 September 1966, no. 9 UK)
* "London By George", (1968, UAS-6647)
* "[[Step Inside Love]]", Cilla Black (8 March 1968, no. 8 UK)
* "[[Live and Let Die (song)|Live and Let Die]]", [[Paul McCartney]] & [[Wings (band)|Wings]] (1 June 1973, no. 9 UK, no. 2 US)
* "[[Tin Man (America song)|Tin Man]]", [[America (band)|America]] (9 November 1974, no. 4 US)
* "[[Lonely People]]", America (8 March 1975, no. 5 US)
* "[[Sister Golden Hair]]", America (14 June 1975, no. 1 US)
* "[[Oh! Darling]]", [[Robin Gibb]] (7 October 1978, no. 15 UK)
* "The Night Owls", [[Little River Band]] (1981, no. 6 US)
* "[[Ebony and Ivory]]", Paul McCartney & [[Stevie Wonder]] (29 March 1982, no. 1 UK and US)
* "[[Say Say Say]]", Paul McCartney & Michael Jackson (10 December 1983, no. 2 UK, no. 1 US)
* "[[No More Lonely Nights]]", Paul McCartney (8 December 1984, no. 2 UK, no. 6 US)
* "[[Morning Desire]]", Kenny Rogers (10 July 1985, no. 1 US Country)
* "[[The Man I Love (song)|The Man I Love]]", [[Kate Bush]] & [[Larry Adler]] (18 July 1994, no. 27 UK)
* "[[Candle in the Wind 1997]]", [[Elton John]] (11 October 1997, no. 1 UK and US)

==Discography==
* ''[[Off the Beatle Track]]'' (1964 Parlophone PCS 3057)
* ''By Popular Demand, A Hard Day's Night: Instrumental Versions of the Motion Picture Score'' (19 February 1964, United Artists)
* ''George Martin Scores Instrumental Versions of the Hits'' (1965)
* ''[[Help! (George Martin album)|Help!]]'' (1965, Columbia TWO 102)
* ''..and I Love Her'' (1966, Columbia TWO 141, a compilation of previously released material)
* ''[[George Martin Instrumentally Salutes The Beatle Girls]]'' (1966)
* ''[[The Family Way (soundtrack)|The Family Way]]'' (1967)
* ''British Maid'' (1968, United Artists SULP 1196, released in the US as ''London by George'')
* ''[[Yellow Submarine (album)|Yellow Submarine]]'' (side one: [[The Beatles]], side two: The George Martin Orchestra, 1969)
* ''By George!'' (1970, Sunset SLS 50182, reissue of ''British Maid'')
* ''[[Live and Let Die (soundtrack)|Live and Let Die]]'' (producer for Paul McCartney's song, and composer of musical score, 1973)
* ''Beatles to Bond and Bach'' (1974)
* ''[[In My Life (George Martin album)|In My Life]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Produced by George Martin]]'' (2001)
* ''The Family Way'' (2003)

==Selected discography (as producer)==
{{See also|The Beatles discography|Paul McCartney discography}}
* [[Sidney Torch]] – "Barwick Green" (''[[The Archers]]'' theme) (1951)
* [[Jack Parnell]] – "The White Suit Samba" (1951)
* [[Jimmy Shand]] – "Bluebell Polka" (1952)
* [[Kenneth McKellar (singer)|Kenneth McKellar]] – "Ae Fond Kiss" (1952)
* [[Tommy Reilly (harmonica player)|Tommy Reilly]] – "Melody on the Move" (1952)
* [[Adrian Boult]] / [[Jean Pougnet]] / [[London Philharmonic Orchestra]] – ''[[The Lark Ascending (Vaughan Williams)|The Lark Ascending]]'' (1952)
* [[Peter Ustinov]] – "Mock Mozart" (1952)
* [[Eve Boswell]] – "Pickin' a Chicken" (1955)
* [[Edna Savage]] – "Arrivederci Darling" (1955)
* [[The Southlanders]] – "[[Earth Angel]]" (1955)
* [[Eamonn Andrews]] – "The Shifting Whispering Sands" (1956)
* [[Dick James]] – "Robin Hood" (1956)
* [[Ivor Kirchin|The Ivor and Basil Kirchin Band]] – "[[Rock-A-Beatin' Boogie]]" (1956)
* [[Johnny Dankworth]] – "Experiments With Mice" (1956)
* [[Shirley Abicair]] – "Smiley" (1956)
* [[Glen Mason (singer)|Glen Mason]] – "[[Glendora (song)|Glendora]]" (1956)
* [[Mandy Miller]] – "[[Nellie the Elephant]]" (1956)
* [[The Vipers Skiffle Group]] – "Don't You Rock Me Daddy-O" (1957)
* [[Jim Dale]] – "Be My Girl" (1957)
* [[Flanders and Swann]]&nbsp;– ''[[At the Drop of a Hat]]'' (1957)
* [[Ian Wallace (singer)|Ian Wallace]] – "The Hippopotamus Song" (1957)
* [[Charlie Drake]] – "[[Splish Splash (song)|Splish Splash]]" (1958)
* [[Peter Sellers]] – ''[[The Best of Sellers]]'' (1958)
* [[Humphrey Lyttelton]] – "Saturday Jump" (1959)
* [[Bruce Forsyth]] – "I'm in Charge" (1959)
* [[Peter Sellers]] – ''[[Songs for Swingin' Sellers]]'' (1959)
* [[Matt Monro]] – "[[Portrait of My Love]]" (1960)
* [[Peter Sellers]] and [[Sophia Loren]] – "[[Goodness Gracious Me (song)|Goodness Gracious Me]]" (1960)
* ''[[Beyond the Fringe]]'' (Original Cast Recording) (1961)
* [[Dudley Moore]] – "Strictly for the Birds" (1961)
* [[Bernard Cribbins]] – "[[Right Said Fred (song)|Right Said Fred]]" (1962); "[[The Hole in the Ground|Hole in the Ground]]" (1962); "[[Gossip Calypso]]" (1962)
* [[The Alberts]] – "Morse Code Melody" (1962)
* [[Michael Bentine]] – "Football Results" (1962)
* [[Terry Scott]] – "My Brother" (1962)
* [[Christine Campbell (singer)|Christine Campbell]] – "If This Should Be a Dream" (1963)
* [[Joan Sims]] – "Oh Not Again Ken" (1963)
* [[Shirley Bassey]] – "[[I (Who Have Nothing)]]" (1963)
* [[David Frost]] and [[Millicent Martin]] – ''[[That Was the Week That Was]]'' (1963)
* ''[[Cambridge Footlights Revue|Cambridge Circus]]'' (Original Cast Recording) (1963)
* [[Flanders and Swann]]&nbsp;– ''[[At the Drop of Another Hat]]'' (1964)
* [[Alma Cogan]] – "It's You" (1964)
* [[Bill Oddie]] – "Nothing Better To Do" (1964)
* [[The Scaffold]] – "2 Day's Monday" (1966)
* [[Ron Goodwin]] – ''Adventure'' (1966)
* [[Ivor Cutler]] – ''Ludo'' (1967)
* [[Edwards Hand]]&nbsp;– ''Edwards Hand'' (1969)
* [[Stan Getz]] – ''Marrakesh Express'' (1969)
* [[Ringo Starr]]&nbsp;– ''[[Sentimental Journey (Ringo Starr album)|Sentimental Journey]]'' (1970)
* [[Seatrain (band)|Seatrain]] – ''Seatrain'' (1970)
* [[Seatrain (band)|Seatrain]] – ''The Marblehead Messenger'' (1971)
* The [[King's Singers]] – "The King's Singers Collection" (1972)
* [[Paul Winter Consort]]&nbsp;– ''Icarus'' (1972)
* The [[King's Singers]] – "A French Collection" (1973)
* The [[King's Singers]] – "Deck the Hall" (1973)
* [[John Williams (guitarist)|John Williams]] – ''The Height Below'' (1973)
* [[Stackridge]]&nbsp;– ''[[The Man in the Bowler Hat]]'' (1974, released as ''Pinafore Days'' in the US and Canada)
* [[Mahavishnu Orchestra]]&nbsp;– ''[[Apocalypse (Mahavishnu Orchestra album)|Apocalypse]]'' (1974)
* [[America (band)|America]]&nbsp;– ''[[Holiday (America album)|Holiday]]'' (1974)
* [[Tommy Steele]] – ''My Life, My Song'' (1974)
* [[Jeff Beck]]&nbsp;– ''[[Blow by Blow]]'' (1975)
* [[America (band)|America]]&nbsp;– ''[[Hearts (America album)|Hearts]]'' (1975)
* [[America (band)|America]]&nbsp;– ''[[Hideaway (America album)|Hideaway]]'' (1976)
* [[American Flyer (band)|American Flyer]]&nbsp;– ''American Flyer'' (1976)
* [[Jeff Beck]]&nbsp;– ''[[Wired (Jeff Beck album)|Wired]]'' (1976)
* [[Cleo Laine]] – ''Born On a Friday'' (1976)
* [[Jimmy Webb]]&nbsp;– ''[[El Mirage (album)|El Mirage]]'' (1977)
* [[America (band)|America]]&nbsp;– ''[[Harbor (America album)|Harbor]]'' (1977)
* [[Neil Sedaka]] – ''[[A Song (Neil Sedaka album)|A Song]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (soundtrack)|Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band]]'' (1978, original soundtrack)
* [[America (band)|America]]&nbsp;– ''[[Silent Letter (album)|Silent Letter]]'' (1979)
* [[Gary Brooker]] – ''No More Fear of Flying'' (1979)
* [[Cheap Trick]]&nbsp;– ''[[All Shook Up (Cheap Trick album)|All Shook Up]]'' (1980)
* [[UFO (band)|UFO]]&nbsp;– ''[[No Place to Run (album)|No Place to Run]]'' (1980)
* [[Little River Band]]&nbsp;– ''[[Time Exposure (Little River Band album)|Time Exposure]]'' (1981)
* [[Ultravox]]&nbsp;– ''[[Quartet (Ultravox album)|Quartet]]'' (1982)
* [[Paul McCartney]]&nbsp;– ''[[Tug of War (Paul McCartney album)|Tug of War]]'' (1982)
* [[Paul McCartney]]&nbsp;– ''[[Pipes of Peace]]'' (1983)
* [[Paul McCartney]]&nbsp;– ''[[Give My Regards to Broad Street]]'' (1984)
* [[Kenny Rogers]]&nbsp;- ''[[The Heart of the Matter (Kenny Rogers album)|The Heart of the Matter]]'' (1985)
* [[Peabo Bryson]]&nbsp;– ''Quiet Storm'' (1986)
* [[Peabo Bryson]]&nbsp;– ''[[Positive (Peabo Bryson album)|Positive]]'' (1988)
* [[Andy Leek]]&nbsp;– ''Say Something'' (1988)
* [[Yoshiki (musician)|Yoshiki]]&nbsp;– ''[[Eternal Melody]]'' (1993)
* ''[[The Who's Tommy|Tommy]]'' (Original Cast Recording) (1993)
* [[Larry Adler]] – ''[[The Glory of Gershwin]]'' (1994)
* [[Celine Dion]] – "[[The Reason (Celine Dion song)|The Reason]]" (1997)
* George Martin&nbsp;– ''[[In My Life (George Martin album)|In My Life]]'' (1998)
* [[The Beatles]]&nbsp;– ''[[Love (Beatles album)|Love]]'' (2006)

==Coat of arms==
{{External media
|float=right
|image1=[https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/images/Badges/MartinB.jpg Martin's heraldic badge]: A zebra statant proper supporting with the dexter foreleg over the shoulder an Abbot's Crozier Or.
}}
Sir George was granted a coat of arms in 2004, with the Latin motto "Amore Solum Opus Est" which translates to "[[All You Need Is Love|All you need is love]]." The arms are a prime example of [[canting arms]], creating arms with a visual pun, including [[purple martin|Martin]], [[recorder (musical instrument)|a recorder]], [[The Beatles|beetles]], and a badge (not shown) of a zebra holding an abbot's crozier, representing both [[Abbey Road Studios]] and the [[Abbey Road|Beatles' album]], with its iconic cover featuring a [[zebra crossing]].<ref name="college-of-arms.gov.uk"/>
{{Emblem table
|image = George Martin Shield.png
|badgeimage = <!-- Add badge image here, if available -->
|crest = (upon a Helm with a wreath Argent and Azure): A House Martin proper holding under the sinister wing a Recorder in bend sinister mouthpiece downwards Or.
|escutcheon = Azure on a Fess nebuly Argent between three Stag Beetles Or five Barrulets Sable.
|badge = A Zebra statant proper supporting with the dexter foreleg over the shoulder an Abbot's Crozier Or.<!-- this text will not show unless |badgeimage is also specified -->
}}

==See also==
* [[The Art of Noise (radio show)|''The Art of Noise'' (radio show)]]
* [[Outline of the Beatles]]
* [[The Beatles timeline]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |author=The Beatles |author-link=The Beatles |title=The Beatles Anthology |date=2000 |publisher=Chronicle Books |isbn=978-0-8118-2684-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWuQu8EMDKcC}}
* {{cite video |author=The Beatles |title=The Beatles Anthology (DVD) |publisher=[[Apple Records]] |year=2003 |id=ASIN: B00008GKEG |title-link=The Beatles Anthology}}
* {{cite book |last=Lewis |first=Roger |title=The Life and Death of Peter Sellers |publisher=Arrow |location=London |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-09-974700-0}}
* {{cite book |author=Lewisohn, Mark |author-link=Mark Lewisohn |title=The Beatles: All These Years: Volume I: Tune In |publisher=Crown Archetype |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-4000-8305-3 |ref={{SfnRef |Lewisohn |2013}}}}
* {{cite book |author=Lewisohn, Mark |author-link=Mark Lewisohn |title=The Beatles: Recording Sessions |publisher=Three Rivers Press; Reprint edition |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-517-58182-7 |ref={{SfnRef |Lewisohn |1990}}}}
* {{cite book |author=MacDonald, Ian |author-link=Ian MacDonald |title=Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |location=New York |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-8050-2780-8 |ref={{SfnRef |MacDonald |1994}} |url=https://archive.org/details/revolutioninhead0000macd}}
* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=George |title=Making Music |year=1983 |publisher=William Morrow and Company |location=New York |isbn=978-0-688-01465-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=George |title=All You Need Is Ears |year=1995 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-312-11482-4}}
* {{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=George |last2=Pearson |first2=William |title=Summer of Love: The Making of Sgt. Pepper |year=1995 |publisher=Pan Books |location=London |isbn=978-0-330-34210-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=George |title=Playback: An Illustrated Memoir |year=2002 |publisher=Genesis Publications |location=Guildford |isbn=978-0-904-35182-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Miles |first=Barry |year=1997 |author-link=Barry Miles |title=Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now |publisher=[[Henry Holt and Company]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8050-5249-7 |title-link=Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now}}
* {{cite book |author=Miles, Barry |author-link=Barry Miles |title=In the Sixties |publisher=[[Jonathan Cape]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-224-06240-4 |ref={{SfnRef |Miles |2002}}}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Mosley |editor-first=Charles |date=2003 |title=Burke's Peerage & Baronetage |location=Crans, Switzerland |publisher=Burke's Peerage |title-link=Burke's Peerage}}
* {{cite book |last=Spitz |first=Bob |author-link=Bob Spitz |title=The Beatles&nbsp;– The Biography |publisher=[[Little, Brown and Company]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-316-80352-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Ventham |first=Maxine |title=Spike Milligan: His Part In Our Lives |publisher=Robson |location=London |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-86105-530-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Womack |first=Kenneth |year=2014 |title=The Beatles Encyclopedia: Everything Fab Four |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, CA |isbn=978-0-313-39171-2}}
* {{cite book |last=Womack |first=Kenneth |author-link=Kenneth Womack |title=Maximum Volume: The Life of Beatles Producer George Martin (The Early Years, 1926–1966) |publisher=Chicago Review Press |location=Chicago |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-61373-189-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Womack |first=Kenneth |author-link=Kenneth Womack |title=Sound Pictures: The Life of Beatles Producer George Martin (The Later Years, 1966–2016) |publisher=Chicago Review Press |location=Chicago |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-91277-774-0}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://camanagement.co.uk/roster/sir-george-martin-cbe/ Sir George Martin CBE] – C A Management
* {{Rockhall}}
* {{IMDb name|0552326}}
* {{NPG name}}
* [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/03/15/arts/music/george-martin-fifth-beatle.html George Martin & The Beatles – All Songs & Performers] ([[NYT]]; 15 March 2016).
* [https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/news-grants/grants/item/66-george-martin The Arms, Crest and Badge of Sir George Martin] – College of Arms
* [http://www.uncut.co.uk/produced-by-george-martin-review "Produced by George Martin" DVD review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111182517/http://www.uncut.co.uk/produced-by-george-martin-review |date=11 November 2012}}
* [http://www.hit-channel.com/sir-george-martin-the-beatles-producer/20373 Interview at Hit Channel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803121520/http://www.hit-channel.com/sir-george-martin-the-beatles-producer/20373 |date=3 August 2014}}
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p009mkj8 George Martin] interview on BBC Radio 4 ''[[Desert Island Discs]]'', 6 August 1982

{{Portal bar|Rock music|Music|Record production}}
{{The Beatles}}
{{Brit British Producer}}
{{1999 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame}}
{{WSA – Lifetime Achievement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Good article}}

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