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{{Short description|City in Chernivtsi Oblast, Ukraine}}
{{about|the Ukrainian city in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast|the Israeli writer|Yemima Avidar-Tchernovitz|other uses|Chernivtsi (disambiguation)}}
{{distinguish|Chernihiv}}
{{redirect|Cernăuți|the former administrative subdivision of Romania|Cernăuți County}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
 | official_name            = Chernivtsi
 | native_name              = {{lang|uk|Чернівці}}
 | other_name               = {{lang|de|Czernowitz}} {{lang|ro|Cernăuți}}<!-- Do NOT remove the Romanian name of Chernivtsi as it has historical importance. Removal of it will result in a revert and eventually a report if repeated. -->
 | nickname                 = "Little Vienna"<ref name="day" /><ref name="cognita" />
 | settlement_type          = [[List of cities in Ukraine|City]]
 | image_skyline            = {{Photomontage|position = center
 | photo1a = Chernivtsi University.jpg
 | photo2a = Architecture-of-Chernivtsi-4.jpg
 | photo2b = Німецький Народний Дім.jpg 
 | photo3a = Готель «Пансіон сіті» Чернівці Університетська, 34.JPG
 | photo3b = Чернівці Кобилянської 2.jpg
 | photo4b = Chern-Panorama2.jpg
 | size    = 280
 | spacing = 2
 | color   = #FFFFFF
 | border  = 0
   }}
 | image_caption            = '''From top, left to right:''' {{hlist|[[Chernivtsi University]]|[[Chernivtsi Regional Art Museum|Art Museum]]|German People's House|Hotel Pension Сity|Olha Kobylians'ka Street|Theatre Square}}
 | image_flag               = Flag Czernovcov L.JPG
 | image_shield             = Coat of arms of Chernivtsi.svg
 | shield_size              = 100px
 | pushpin_map              = Ukraine Chernivtsi Oblast#Ukraine
 | pushpin_label_position   = 
 | pushpin_map_alt          = 
 | pushpin_map_caption      = Location of Chernivtsi in Chernivtsi Oblast##Location of Chernivtsi in Ukraine
 | coordinates              = {{coord|48|18|0|N|25|56|0|E|region:UA_type:city|display=inline,title}}
 | image_map                = Raions of Chernivtsi Oblast (named map).png
 | map_caption              = The Chernivtsi City Municipality (center) on the map of [[Chernivtsi Oblast]].
 | subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
 | subdivision_name         = {{Flagu|Ukraine}}
 | subdivision_type1        = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
 | subdivision_name1        = [[Chernivtsi Oblast]]
 | subdivision_type2        = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]
 | subdivision_name2        = [[Chernivtsi Raion]]
 | parts_type               = [[#Government and administrative divisions|Subdivisions]]
 | parts_style              = <!-- Use "list" (for list), "coll" (for collapsed list), "para" (for paragraph format). Default is "list" if up to 5 items, then-->
 | leader_title             = [[List of mayors of Chernivtsi|Mayor]]
 | leader_name              = [[Roman Klichuk (politician)|Roman Klichuk]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2020 |title=Roman Klichuk wins Chernivtsi mayoral election |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-elections/3145624-klichuk-wins-chernivtsi-mayoral-election.html |website=[[Ukrinform]]}}</ref>
 | leader_party             = United Alternative<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2020 |script-title=uk:В Чернівцях оголосили офіційні результати виборів мера |trans-title=The official results of the mayoral election have been announced in Chernivtsi |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2020/11/30/7275314/ |website=[[Ukrainska Pravda]] |language=uk}}</ref>
 | established_title        = First mentioned
 | established_date         = 1408
 | established_title2       = [[City rights]]
 | established_date2        = 14th century
 | area_total_km2           = 153
 | population_as_of         = 2022
 | population_total         = 264298
 | population_metro         = 
 | population_density_km2   = auto
 | timezone                 = EET
 | utc_offset               = +2
 | timezone_DST             = EEST
 | utc_offset_DST           = +3
 | elevation_m              = 248
 | postal_code_type         = Postal code
 | postal_code              = 58000
 | area_code                = +380 372
 | registration_plate       = CE/26
 | blank_name               = [[Town twinning|Sister cities]]
 | blank_info               = [[Salt Lake City]], [[Konin]], [[Suceava]], [[Nazareth Illit]], [[Saskatoon]], [[Klagenfurt]]
 | website                  = {{URL|city.cv.ua}} <br /> {{URL|travel.chernivtsi.ua/en}}
 | subdivision_type3        = [[Hromada]]
 | subdivision_name3        = [[Chernivtsi urban hromada]]
}}
[[File:Ukraine. Pokutia. Beuaplan 1648.jpg|thumb|"Czarnowce" on a 1639 [[Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan|Beauplan]] map centered on [[Pokuttia]]; placed in "Wallachia or Little Moldavia", bottom right]]

'''Chernivtsi''' ({{langx|uk|Чернівці}}, {{IPA|uk|tʃern⁽ʲ⁾iu̯ˈts⁽ʲ⁾i|pron|Uk-Чернівці.ogg}}; {{langx|ro|Cernăuți}}<!-- Do NOT remove the Romanian name of Chernivtsi as it has historical importance. Removal of it will result in a revert and eventually a report if repeated. -->, {{IPA|ro|tʃernəˈutsʲ|pron|Ro-Cernăuți.ogg}};{{lang|de|Czernowitz}}, {{IPA|de|ˈtʃɛɐ̯novɪts||De-Czernowitz.ogg}}, see also [[#Names|other names]]) is a city in southwestern [[Ukraine]] on the upper course of the [[Prut]] River. Formerly the capital of the historic region of [[Bukovina]], which is now divided between [[Romania]] and Ukraine, Chernivtsi serves as the administrative center for the [[Chernivtsi urban hromada]],<ref name="reform2020">{{Cite web |script-title=ru:Черновицкая громада |url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/chernivci/ |publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України |language=ru}}</ref> the [[Chernivtsi Raion]], and the [[Chernivtsi Oblast|oblast itself]]. The Chernivtsi population is {{Ua-pop-est2022|264,298|punct=,}} and the latest [[Ukrainian Census (2001)|census in 2001]] was 240,600.<ref name="Census">{{Cite web |title=About number and composition population of Chernivtsi Region by data All-Ukrainian Population Census '2001 |url=http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/estimate/Chernivtsi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051226110246/http://ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/estimate/Chernivtsi/ |archive-date=26 December 2005 |access-date=2012-12-05 |website=State Statistics Committee of Ukraine |df=dmy}}</ref>

The first document that refers to this city dates back to 1408,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chernivtsi |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Chernivtsi-Ukraine |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref> when Chernivtsi was a town in the region of [[Moldavia]], formerly as a defensive fortification, and became the center of Bukovina in 1488. In 1538, Chernivtsi was under the control of the [[Principality of Moldavia]] under [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Polish]] suzerainty, later under [[Ottoman Empire]] suzerainty, and the Moldavian control lasted for two centuries until 1774, when [[Archduchy of Austria|Austria]] took control of Bukovina in the aftermath of the [[Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)|Russo-Turkish War]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhukovskyi |first=Arkadii |date=2010 |title=Chernivtsi |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CH%5CChernivtsi.htm |access-date=2022-10-18 |website=Encyclopedia of Ukraine}}</ref> Chernivtsi (known at that time as {{lang|de|Czernowitz}}) became the center of the [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria|Galicia]]'s [[Bukovina District]] until 1848, later becoming the [[Duchy of Bukovina]] until 1918. In the aftermath of [[World War I]], [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] united with Bukovina in 1918, which led to the city regaining its Romanian name of {{lang|ro|Cernăuți}}; this lasted until the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] [[Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina|occupied]] Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina. Chernivtsi was under the control of the [[Soviet Union]] from 1940 to 1941, after which Romania recovered the city, and then again from 1944 until the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], after which it became part of [[Declaration of Independence of Ukraine|independent Ukraine]].

Chernivtsi is viewed as one of Western Ukraine's main cultural centers. The city is also considered one of Ukraine's important educational and architectural sites. Historically a cosmopolitan community, Chernivtsi was once dubbed "Little [[Vienna]]"<ref name="day">{{Cite web |last=Zhytariuk |first=Natalia |date=2 November 2004 |title=Bukovyna Week in Austria |url=http://www.day.kiev.ua/126685/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050320182015/http://www.day.kiev.ua/126685/ |archive-date=2005-03-20 |access-date=26 September 2007 |website=[[Den (newspaper)|Den]]}}</ref><ref name="cognita">{{Cite web |date=2005-02-23 |title=Bukovina. The Beech Tree Land |url=http://www.ukrcognita.com.ua/eng/western/170/?ch=595e8574c |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728064618/http://www.ukrcognita.com.ua/eng/western/170/?ch=595e8574c |archive-date=28 July 2011 |access-date=26 September 2007 |website=Ukraine Cognita |df=dmy}}</ref> and "[[Jerusalem]] upon the [[Prut]]". The city is a major regional rail and road transportation hub, also housing an [[Chernivtsi International Airport|international airport]].

== Names ==
Aside from its Ukrainian name of Chernivtsi, the city is also known by several different names in various languages, which still are used by the respective population groups much as they used to be throughout the city's history, either in connection with the rule by one country or another or independently from it:

* {{langx|ro|Cernăuți}} ({{IPA|ro|tʃernəˈutsʲ||Ro-Cernăuți.ogg}});
* {{langx|de|Czernowitz}} ({{IPA|de|ˈtʃɛɐ̯novɪts||De-Czernowitz.ogg}});
* {{langx|pl|Czerniowce}};
* {{langx|hu|Csernovic}},
* {{langx|yi|טשערנאָוויץ|Tshernovits}},
* {{langx|ru|Черновцы́|Chernovtsy}}, (in {{langx|ru|label=Russian until 1944|Чернови́цы|Chernovitsy}}),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0:Sbornik_zakonov_1938-1956.djvu/87|title=Страница:Sbornik zakonov 1938-1956.djvu/87 — Викитека|website=ru.wikisource.org}}</ref>
* {{langx|uk|Чернівці|Chernivtsi}}.

In the times of [[Halych-Volyn Principality]] (1199–1253), the city's name was ''Chern''.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

In "Documents of Western Russia" ({{langx|ru|Акты Западной России}}) published in Saint Petersburg in 1846 (Volume 1, page 32, document #21), the city is mentioned as Chernov'tsi ({{langx|ru|Черновьци}}).

== History ==
{{Quote box |width=25em |align=right |bgcolor=#B0D4DE
|title=Historical affiliations
|fontsize=85% |quote=<poem>
City of Chern :
{{Flagicon image|Alex_K_Halych_2.svg}} [[Principality of Galicia]] second half of XII-1199
{{Flagicon image|Alex_K_Halych-Volhynia-flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia]] 1199-1241
{{Flagicon image|Golden Horde flag 1339.svg}} [[Golden Horde]] 1241–1342
{{flag|Moldavia}} 1346–1408
Destruction of Chern, first mention of Chernivtsi (1408) :
{{flag|Moldavia}} 1408–1775
{{flag|Habsburg Monarchy}} 1775–1804
{{flag|Austrian Empire}} 1804–1867
{{flag|Austria-Hungary}} 1867–1918
{{flagicon image|Flag of the West Ukrainian People's Republic.svg}} [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]] 1918
{{flag|Kingdom of Romania}} 1918–1940
{{flag|Ukrainian SSR}} 1940–1941
{{flag|Kingdom of Romania}} 1941–1944
{{flag|Ukrainian SSR}} 1944–1991
{{flag|Ukraine}} 1991–''present''</poem>
}}

=== Prehistory ===
Archaeological evidence discovered in the area surrounding Chernivtsi indicates that a population inhabited it since the [[Neolithic]] era. Later settlements included those of the [[Cucuteni-Trypillian culture]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20043/34|title=Trypillya&nbsp;– a culture that was contemporaneous with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia|access-date=27 September 2007|work=Welcome to Ukraine}}</ref> the [[Corded Ware culture]]; artifacts from the [[Bronze Age|Bronze]] and [[Iron Age]]s were also found in the city. In the Middle Ages there lived East Slavic tribes [[White Croats]] and [[Tivertsi]].<ref>{{cite book|chapter=ЧЕРНІВЕЦЬКА ОБЛАСТЬ|trans-chapter=Chernivtsi Region|chapter-url=http://www.history.org.ua/?termin=Chernivetska_oblast|author=Верменич Я. В.|title=Encyclopedia of Ukrainian History|year=2013|publisher=[[Naukova Dumka]], [[NASU Institute of History of Ukraine]]|volume=10|language=uk|isbn=978-966-00-1359-9|quote=У 9—11 ст. на території Ч.о. жили племена тиверців і хорватів. Із кінця 10 — в 11 ст. рівнинна частина сучасної області стала периферією Київської Русі, потім — Галицького князівства, а в 2-й пол. 14 ст. відійшла до Молдавського князівства (яке в 16 ст. стало васалом Османської імперії).}}</ref>

=== Under Principality of Halych ===
A fortified settlement located on the left (north-eastern) shore of the Prut in a modern-day Chernivtsi dates back to the time of the [[Galicia-Volhynia|Principality of Halych]] and is thought to have been built by [[Knyaz|Grand Prince]] [[Yaroslav Osmomysl]].<ref name="hist">{{cite web|url=http://www.komkon.org/~sher/chern/hist.html |title=City of Chernivtsi&nbsp;– History |access-date=25 September 2007 |work=The Komkon Site |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041104/http://www.komkon.org/~sher/chern/hist.html |archive-date=27 September 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> Accounts refer to this fortress-city as ''Chern''', or ''Black city''; it is said to owe its name to the black color of the city walls, built from dark [[oak]] layered with [[chernozem|local black-colored soil]].<ref name="city.cv.ua">{{cite web|url=http://www.city.cv.ua/English/History/|title=History|access-date=25 September 2007|work=Chernivtsi City Official Site}}</ref> This early stronghold was destroyed during the [[Mongol invasion of Europe]] by [[Boroldai]] in 1259. However, the remaining ramparts of the fortress were still used for defense purposes; in the 17th century they were augmented with several bastions, one of which is still extant.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

Following the destruction of the fortress, later settlements in the area centered on the right (south-western) shore of the Prut River, at a more strategically advantageous, elevated location. In 1325, when the [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Kingdom of Poland]] seized control of [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]], and came into contact with the early [[Vlachs|Vlach]] ([[Romanians|Romanian]]) feudal formations, a fort was mentioned under the name ''Țețina''; it was defending the ford and crossing point on the [[Prut River]]. It was part of a group of three fortifications; the other two being the fortress of [[Khotyn|Hotin]] on the Dniester to the east, and a fort on the [[Kolachin River]], an upriver tributary of Prut.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
[[File:Миколаївська церква дерев'яна, Чернівці 03.JPG|thumb|left|Saint Nicholas [[wooden churches in Ukraine|wooden church]] in Chernivtsi (early 17th century)]]
=== Under the Principality of Moldavia ===
{{See also|Battle of Cernăuți}}
Between 1359 and 1775, the city and its surroundings were part of the [[Moldavia|Principality of Moldavia]], one of the historic provinces of [[Romania]]; the city being the administrative center of the [[Cernăuți County|homonymous ''ținut'' (county)]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Pahomi |first=Mircea |date=1998 |title=Cetatea Ţeţina – Cernăuţi |url=http://astra.iasi.roedu.net/texte/pahomi.html |magazine=Astra |language=ro |issue=3 #13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009104301/http://astra.iasi.roedu.net/texte/pahomi.html |archive-date=9 October 2011}}</ref> The name Cernăuți is first attested in a document by [[Alexander I of Moldavia|Alexandru cel Bun (Alexander the Good)]] on 8 October 1408.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Ghenghea |first=Mircea-Cristian |date=2008 |title=Cernăuţi-600 de ani de atestare documentară internă |url=http://astra.iasi.roedu.net/revistaromana/ |magazine=Astra |language=ro |issue=4 #54 |page=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009104345/http://astra.iasi.roedu.net/revistaromana/ |archive-date=9 October 2011}}</ref> In [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] sources, the city was mentioned as "Çernovi".{{citation needed|date=June 2023}}

=== Under Austro-Hungarian rule ===
[[File:Greater austria ethnic.svg|thumb|right|250px|Map of the ''[[United States of Greater Austria]]'', proposed in 1906, shows the city at the border of the areas inhabited by Romanians and Ukrainians.]]
[[File:Wappen der Stadt Czernowitz 1908.png|thumb|left|100px|The city's coat of arms until 1918]]
In 1775, the northwestern part of the territory of Moldavia was annexed by the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]]; this region became known as [[Bukovina]]. The city became the region's capital, organized as the [[Bukovina District]] part of the [[Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria]], which in 1849 was raised in status and became known as the [[Duchy of Bukovina]], a [[Cisleithania#Crown lands|crownland]] of the [[Austrian Empire]]. The city received [[Magdeburg rights]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://heraldry.com.ua/index.php3?lang=E&context=info&id=1155 |title=Chernivtsi|access-date=25 September 2007|work=Ukrainian heraldry}}</ref> The city began to flourish in 1778 when Knight [[Karl von Enzenberg]] was appointed the chief of the Military Administration. He invited many merchants, craftsmen and entrepreneurs to help develop trade and other businesses. [[Saint Peter]]'s Fairs (1–15 July) had given a new vibrant impulse to the market development from 1786. In the late 19th century the German language—due to the Habsburg and the very important Jewish influence—became the lingua franca and more and more newspapers were edited in German, also a remarkable literary production in German began in this period, featuring most prominently [[Karl Emil Franzos]].<ref>Ion Lihaciu, Czernowitz 1848–1948. Das kulturelle Leben einer Provinzmetropole, Parthenon Verlag, Kaiserslautern und Mehlingen 2012, {{ISBN|978-3-942994-00-2}}</ref>

=== West Ukrainian People's Republic ===

During the 19th and early 20th century, Chernivtsi became a center of both Ukrainian and Romanian national movements. In 1908, it was the site of the first [[Yiddish language]] conference, the [[Czernowitz Conference]], coordinated by [[Nathan Birnbaum]]. In 1910, Romanians and Ukrainians were almost in equal numbers with the Romanians concentrated mainly in the south and the Ukrainians mainly in the north.<ref name=":2" />. When [[Austria-Hungary]] dissolved in 1918, due to loss in [[World War 2]], two years of political uncertainty followed. During the short period of time, [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]], was proclaimed in [[Lviv]] on 1st of November 1918. Prior to that, on 14/27th Of october, 1918 Ukrainian Bukovina executive committee was created, a constituent assembly to whom the Austrian governor of the province subsequently handed power.<ref>"Bukovyna". Entry Display Web Page. Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.</ref>. In November, committee took power and controlled the Ukrainian part of Bukovina, constituting of Northern Bukovina, and including the city of Chernivtsi, [[Zastavna]], [[Vashkivtsi]], [[Vyzhnytsia]].<ref>Katchanovski, Ivan; Kohut, Zenon E.; Nebesio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (2013). Historical Dictionary of Ukraine. Scarecrow Press. pp. 64–66. ISBN 9780810878471.</ref> <ref>"Bukovyna". Entry Display Web Page. Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2021.</ref>

[[File:Sitz der Landesregierung des Herzogtums Bukowina nach 1905.png|thumb|right|250px|Building of Ukrainian Bukovina Regional Committee, former Seat of the state government of the Duchy of Bukovina]]

On November 3rd, 1918, a large [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[Буковинське віче|Bukovina Viche]] was held in Chernivtsi, at which the majority voted for reunification with the [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]] proclaimed in [[Lviv]]. It has further unanimously expressed a strong protest against the annexation of Bukovina to the Kingdom of Romania, and elected [[Попович Омелян Олександрович|Omelian Popovych]] as a chairman of the Ukrainian Regional Committee <ref>''Литвин М., Науменко К.'' Історія ЗУНР…&nbsp;— С. 68—69.</ref>. On November 6th, 1918, [[Ukrainians]] took over power in Chernivtsi, [[Yosyp Bezpalko]] was appointed as a mayor of the city. <ref>Volodymyr Kubiĭovych, Ukrainian National Association, 1963, Ukraine, a Concise Encyclopedia, Volume 1, p. 787</ref>. At that time, a 2.5 thousand corps of [[Ukrainian Sich Riflemen]] were stationed in the city.<ref>''М. Литвин, К. Науменко.'' Історія ЗУНР.&nbsp;— Львів: Інститут українознавства НАНУ; видавнича фірма «Олір», 1995.&nbsp;— іл.&nbsp;— С. 34.&nbsp;— ISBN 5-7707-7867-9</ref>. 

[[File:Map of Ukraine for Paris Peace Conference.svg|thumb|right|250px|Map of Ukraine for Paris Peace Conference, Showing Chernivtsi as territory of [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] ]]

=== Chernivtsi Under Romanian rule ===
[[File:Stema municipiului interbelic Cernăuți.jpg|thumb|left|100px|The city's coat of arms from 1918 to 1940 and from 1941 to 1944]] From 11th November to 19th December, Romanian army takes over Chernivtsi (Cernăuți) and formalizes Bukovina's annexation.<ref>Robert A. Kann, Zdenek David, University of Washington Press, 2017, Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918, p. 446</ref>. As the aftermath of [[World War I]], Bukovina together with Chernivtsi was [[Union of Bukovina with Romania|recognised]] and became a part of the [[Kingdom of Romania]], which gained worldwide diplomatic recognition by the end of 1920 as an aftermath of unsuccessful [[Ukrainian War of Independence]], as [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]] was [[Ukrainian Death Triangle|crushed down]] together with [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] by its Neighbors. <ref name="eb">{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9017989/Bukovina |title=Bukovina|access-date=26 September 2007|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> <ref>Zhukovsky, Arkadii. "Struggle for Independence (1917–20)". Internet Encyclopaedia of Ukraine. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. Retrieved 25 September 2023.</ref> During those two years, even most city residents did not know of which country they were citizens, with most assuming Czernowitz still belonged to Austria-Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gr-czernowitz.livejournal.com/2727944.html|title = Карта "Еврейские Черновцы" на немецком языке}}</ref> German remained the [[lingua franca]] of the city and its suburbs for another decade. In 1930, the city reached a population of 112,400.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iancu |first=Mariana |date=29 December 2019 |title=România are aproximativ aceeaşi populaţie ca în 1930, data primului recensământ al ţării reîntregite |url=https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/constanta/romania-are-aproximativ-aceeasi-populatie-ca-in-1992282.html |access-date=3 March 2025 |website=Adevarul.ro}}</ref> While Romanians formed the majority of Bukovina's diverse population in 1930, the ethnic composition of Chernivtsi County had a Ukrainian majority. Ukrainians made up 44.5% of the population, followed by Romanians at 25.5%, Jews at 16.7%, Germans at 6.4%, and Poles at 4.9%. The remaining population consisted of Russians, Romani, Hungarians, and other smaller ethnic groups.<ref name=":2">UNGUREANU, Constantin. Populaţia Bucovinei în 1910 şi 1930. Evoluţii etno-demografice.  In: ''In honorem Alexandru Moşanu: Studii de istorie medievală, modernă şi contemporană a românilor'', 22 septembrie 2012, Cluj-Napoca. Cluj -Napoca, România: Academia Română. Centrul de Studii Transilvane: P resa Universitară Clujeană, 2012, pp. 449. ISBN 978-973-595-418-5.[https://ibn.idsi.md/sites/default/files/imag_file/439-458.pdf]</ref>

=== Soviet occupation and World War 2 ===
[[File:Вступ частин Червоної Армії до Чернівців 1940 р.jpg|thumb|Soviet occupation troops entering Chernivtsi in 1940]]
In 1940, the [[Red Army]] [[Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina|occupied the area]]; the area around the city became known as [[Chernivtsi Oblast]], and was allotted to the [[Ukrainian SSR]] by the Soviet Union.<ref name="eb" /> The city's large Romanian intelligentsia found refuge in Romania; while the Bukovina Germans were "repatriated" according to a Soviet-Nazi agreement. Under the regime of military dictator [[Ion Antonescu]], Romania had switched from an ally of France and Britain to one of Nazi Germany; subsequently, in July 1941, the Romanian Army retook the city as part of the [[Operation Barbarossa|Axis attack on the Soviet Union]] during World War II. Chernivtsi would become the capital of the Romanian [[Bukovina Governorate]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.rtsa.ro/rtsa/index.php/rtsa/article/view/166|title=Administrarea teritoriului României în timpul celui de-al doilea Război Mondial|first=Viorel|last=Stănică|journal=Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences|volume=9|issue=19|year=2007|pages=107–116|language=ro}}</ref>
[[File:GUVERNAMANTUL BUCOVINEI.png|thumb|left|Administrative map of the Governorate of Bukovina as of May 1942]]
In August 1941, Antonescu ordered the creation of a [[ghetto]] in the lowland part of the city, where 50,000 [[Bukovina Jews]] were crammed, two-thirds of whom would be deported in October 1941 and early 1942 to [[Transnistria (World War II)|Transnistria]], where the majority of the deportees died. The Romanian mayor of the city [[Traian Popovici]] managed to persuade Antonescu to raise the number of Jews exempted from deportation from 200 to 20,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dt.ua/SOCIETY/bukovinskiy_shindler.html|title=Bukovinian Schindler|website=DT.ua|access-date=2019-12-28|archive-date=28 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228145543/https://dt.ua/SOCIETY/bukovinskiy_shindler.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://versii.cv.ua/news/bukovynskyj-shyndler-kolyshnij-mer-chernivtsiv/14230.html|title=Bukovinian Schindler – former mayor of Chernivtsi|date=2011-09-15|website=Чернівці, Чернівецька область – новини в газеті Версії|language=uk|access-date=2019-12-28}}</ref>

After 29 March 1944, when [[Axis forces]] were driven out by the Red Army, the city was reincorporated into the Ukrainian SSR. Over the following years, most of the Jews emigrated to Israel; the city was an important node in the [[Berihah]] network. Bukovina Poles were expelled by the Soviets after World War II. The city became a predominantly Ukrainian one.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

=== Independence ===
Since 1991, Chernivtsi has been a part of an independent Ukraine. In May 1999, Romania opened a [[consulate general]] in the city.

Until 18 July 2020, Chernivtsi was designated as a [[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|city of oblast significance]] and did not belong to any raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernivtsi Oblast to three, the city was merged into Chernivtsi Raion.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date=2020-10-03|date=2020-07-18|website=Голос України|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |date=17 July 2020 |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=Ukrainian}}</ref>

===Russian invasion of Ukraine===

{{see also|Ukrainian refugee crisis}}

Since the start of the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], the city has been a host for refugees from the fighting in eastern and central Ukraine<ref name="Aljazeera">{{cite web |last1=Moldovan |first1=Ioana |title=Lives in a suitcase: The refugees fleeing the Russia-Ukraine war |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2022/3/1/photos-lives-in-a-suitcase-the-refugees-fleeing-the-russia-ukraine-war |website=Aljazeera |access-date=24 March 2022 |location=Romania |date=1 March 2022}}</ref> and a resting point for refugees on their way to nearby [[2022 Ukrainian refugee crisis#Romania|Romania]].<ref name="Aljazeera"/> Some Chernivtsi residents have also left the country.

== Symbolics ==
[[File:Chernivtsi coat of arms.jpg|right|thumb|Coat of arms of Chernivtsi]]

=== Coat of arms ===
The Chernivtsi coat of arms is framed by a bronze ornamental cartouche, and a red heraldic shield depicting an open stone gate with a figured trident in the middle. Under the gate, there are two crossed laurel branches, tied with ribbons. The crown of the symbol is the stone crown.

=== Flag of Chernivtsi ===
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
The Chernivtsi flag consists of a tree, the top, and a rectangular cloth, the front of which forms framed by a red tooth-like ornament white background with an inscription in Ukrainian in the center, over which there is inscribed in Ukrainian: "Chernivtsi". Under the coat of arms, there is the sign "1408" – the date of the first written mention of the city. On both sides of the coat of arms and all four corners of the field are filled with floral ornaments and with the addition of two beech branches with nuts and leaves. The reverse side is formed by a yellow background with the coat of arms of Ukraine in the center with frames and ornaments similar to the front side.

=== Honorary chain of the mayor of Chernivtsi ===
The mayor's honorary chain is a symbol of Chernivtsi mayor's authority, which is served on behalf of the territorial community. Founded in 1908 and restored in 2008. The symbol is a medallion with the inscription engraved on it: "From Chernivtsi community to freely elected head", on the reverse – "The foundation of a free state is a free community". The medallion is attached to a chain consisting of stylized coats of arms Ukraine, Chernivtsi region and the city of Chernivtsi. The symbol is made of gold colour metal.

=== Medal "To the glory of Chernivtsi" ===
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
The medal "To the glory of Chernivtsi" is an honorary distinction of the [[Chernivtsi City Council]], introduced to the 600th Anniversary of Chernivtsi (2008) in order to reward individuals who actively contributed to the prosperity of the city and its promotion in Ukraine and the world. The award is made of [[silver-gilt]], it has a circle shape with a diameter of {{convert|28|mm|in|abbr=on}}. The medal's strip is white with red stripes, which corresponds to the colours of the Chernivtsi flag. At the bottom of the strip, there is a beech branch. The obverse depicts the emblem of Chernivtsi and the inscription – "To the glory of Chernivtsi". On the reverse – the official Chernivtsi logo, designed and approved for the anniversary. The medal is awarded, according to the decision of the executive committee of the City Council, annually during the celebration of the city day.

The official motto of modern Chernivtsi, "Спільними зусиллями!", is a Ukrainian-language version of the Latin ''Viribus Unitis'' ("With United Forces"), the personal motto of [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph]], who personally bestowed the right to use it on Chernivtsi. This indicates a special attitude of the emperor to the city. Along with the capital of Bukovina, only the first naval ship of the [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] ([[SMS Viribus Unitis|SMS ''Viribus Unitis'']]) was honoured with such honour.

=== Logo of Chernivtsi ===
The official <nowiki>''Chernivtsi 600'' logo was developed and approved by the anniversary of the city in 2008. It was recognized so successful that it continues to be used. The main idea of components for emblem is based on the antiquity of the city, its exceptional architectural heritage and the hard work of its inhabitants. The symbol is made in the form of a blacksmith'</nowiki>s work of art, which testifies to the soundness, prosperity, and success. The color scheme of the logo, represented by dark blue and yellow, has a higher degree of comfortable contrast and coincides with the colors of the [[Flag of Ukraine|State Flag of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brandbook.kiev.ua/2010/09/600.html|title=The logo of the 600th anniversary of Chernivtsi was presented|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927235108/http://www.brandbook.kiev.ua/2010/09/600.html|archive-date=2013-09-27}}</ref>

In the early 2010s, a new city logo was developed and approved, and at the same time the official slogan was affixed: "Chernivtsi is unique in diversity". Old and new symbols of Chernivtsi were chosen for its creation. To the left, in the foreground, there is a trumpet player who wins the trumpet tune "Marichka". In the middle of the background, there is the town hall. The former [[Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans|Metropolitan Residence of Bukovina and Dalmatia]] which is recognized as the architectural pearl of the city is pictured to the right in the background.

The colour scheme of the logo represented in orange, blue and red, the name is purple. Such a combination is characteristic of tourism, which uses the notion of happiness, well-being, the joy of relaxation, visualizing positive symbols and images in a colourful, warm and vibrant colour scheme. The new logo uses old symbols from the "Chernivtsi 600" logo.

== Geography ==
Chernivtsi is located in the historic region of [[Bukovina]], which is currently shared between Romania (south) and Ukraine (north). Chernivtsi is located in the southwest of Ukraine, in the eastern Carpathians, on the border between the Carpathians and the East European Plain, {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the border with Romania. The city lies 248 meters (817') [[above sea level]] and is surrounded by forests and fields. The River [[Prut]] runs through the city's landscape. The city is located in the Eastern European time zone in the region of meridian 26.

Chernivtsi is located at the intersection of the transport arteries: E85, H03, and H10

=== Climate ===
The city is located in a temperate climate zone. The climate is continental with mild winters and warm summers. The average annual temperature is +{{convert|8.6|°C|°F|abbr=on}}, the lowest in January ({{convert|-2.9|°C|°F|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}), the highest – in July (+{{convert|19.8|°C|°F|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}). Winter weather usually comes on 28 November and ends 9 March; summer weather begins on 20 May, and ends on 10 September. The average annual rainfall in Chernivtsi is {{convert|621|mm|in|frac=2}}, with the lowest – in October and January–February, the highest – in June–July. Sometimes there are heavy rains during the summer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.gismeteo.ua/news/proisshestviya/22869-posle-silnogo-dozhdya-ushli-pod-vodu-chernovtsy-video/|title=Chernivtsi went under water after heavy rains}}</ref> Snow cover is formed each winter, but its altitude is insignificant. The average wind speed ranges from 3.3&nbsp;m/s (7 mph) in July to 4.0&nbsp;m/s (9 mph) in January. The average annual humidity is 76%.
{{Weather box
| location = Chernivtsi (1991–2020, extremes 1941–present)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 17.8
| Feb record high C = 21.3
| Mar record high C = 27.8
| Apr record high C = 30.9
| May record high C = 33.5
| Jun record high C = 35.6
| Jul record high C = 37.9
| Aug record high C = 37.7
| Sep record high C = 36.7
| Oct record high C = 31.0
| Nov record high C = 24.9
| Dec record high C = 17.9
| year record high C = 37.9
| Jan high C = 0.3
| Feb high C = 2.4
| Mar high C = 8.1
| Apr high C = 15.4
| May high C = 20.8
| Jun high C = 24.1
| Jul high C = 26.0
| Aug high C = 25.7
| Sep high C = 20.3
| Oct high C = 14.0
| Nov high C = 6.9
| Dec high C = 1.4
| year high C = 13.8
| Jan mean C = -2.7
| Feb mean C = -1.2
| Mar mean C = 3.4
| Apr mean C = 9.9
| May mean C = 15.1
| Jun mean C = 18.8
| Jul mean C = 20.5
| Aug mean C = 19.9
| Sep mean C = 14.8
| Oct mean C = 9.1
| Nov mean C = 3.4
| Dec mean C = -1.5
| year mean C = 9.1
| Jan low C = -5.4
| Feb low C = -4.2
| Mar low C = -0.4
| Apr low C = 4.9
| May low C = 9.9
| Jun low C = 13.9
| Jul low C = 15.6
| Aug low C = 14.9
| Sep low C = 10.2
| Oct low C = 5.2
| Nov low C = 0.7
| Dec low C = -4.0
| year low C = 5.1
| Jan record low C = -30.7
| Feb record low C = -29.0
| Mar record low C = -21.7
| Apr record low C = -13.6
| May record low C = -2.0
| Jun record low C = 3.0
| Jul record low C = 7.4
| Aug record low C = 3.4
| Sep record low C = -4.4
| Oct record low C = -9.7
| Nov record low C = -17.5
| Dec record low C = -28.0
| year record low C = -30.7
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 26
| Feb precipitation mm = 30
| Mar precipitation mm = 37
| Apr precipitation mm = 44
| May precipitation mm = 75
| Jun precipitation mm = 93
| Jul precipitation mm = 93
| Aug precipitation mm = 66
| Sep precipitation mm = 56
| Oct precipitation mm = 44
| Nov precipitation mm = 32
| Dec precipitation mm = 33
| year precipitation mm = 
| Jan snow depth cm = 8
| Feb snow depth cm = 10
| Mar snow depth cm = 6
| Apr snow depth cm = 0
| May snow depth cm = 0
| Jun snow depth cm = 0
| Jul snow depth cm = 0
| Aug snow depth cm = 0
| Sep snow depth cm = 0
| Oct snow depth cm = 0
| Nov snow depth cm = 1
| Dec snow depth cm = 4
| year snow depth cm = 10
| Jan humidity = 84.1
| Feb humidity = 80.9
| Mar humidity = 73.9
| Apr humidity = 67.1
| May humidity = 68.7
| Jun humidity = 70.9
| Jul humidity = 70.5
| Aug humidity = 70.8
| Sep humidity = 74.4
| Oct humidity = 79.4
| Nov humidity = 85.3
| Dec humidity = 86.0
| year humidity = 76.0
| Jan rain days = 7
| Feb rain days = 7
| Mar rain days = 12
| Apr rain days = 17
| May rain days = 17
| Jun rain days = 18
| Jul rain days = 15
| Aug rain days = 13
| Sep rain days = 13
| Oct rain days = 13
| Nov rain days = 12
| Dec rain days = 9
| year rain days = 153
| Jan snow days = 15
| Feb snow days = 15
| Mar snow days = 10
| Apr snow days = 3
| May snow days = 0.03
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 1
| Nov snow days = 7
| Dec snow days = 13
| year snow days = 64
| Jan sun = 61
| Feb sun = 81
| Mar sun = 137
| Apr sun = 194
| May sun = 245
| Jun sun = 258
| Jul sun = 277
| Aug sun = 260
| Sep sun = 190
| Oct sun = 130
| Nov sun = 64
| Dec sun = 50
| year sun = 1947
| source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{Cite web |date=May 2011 |script-title=ru:Черновцы |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/33658.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214010457/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/33658.htm |archive-date=14 December 2019 |access-date=8 November 2021 |website=pogodaiklimat.ru |language=ru}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[NOAA]] (humidity and sun 1991–2020)<ref name=NOAA>
{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419123456/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Chernivtsi_33658.csv |archive-date=19 April 2025 |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/XLS/CHERNIVTSI_33658.csv |format=CSV |title=Chernivtsi Climate Normals 1991–2020 |work= World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=19 April 2025 }}</ref>
}}

=== Landscape ===
The total area of Chernivtsi within the administrative boundaries of 2013 is about {{cvt|153|km2}}. According to the functional purpose the lands of the city are divided as follows: land of residential and public buildings (64%), lands of agricultural purpose (17%), lands of industry (9%), lands of recreational and environmental purpose (5%), lands of general use (3%), commercial land (2%).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chernivtsy.eu/strategy/news/shanovni-chernivchany/176|title=Discussion of the Strategic Plan for the Development of the City of Chernivtsi for 2012 – 2016}}</ref>

The main water source of Chernivtsi is the [[Prut river|Prut River]] in its upper reaches, which divides the city in half. Besides, there are six small streams and nine lakes within the city.

The relief is characterized by significant relief dip – from {{convert|150|m|ft}} above sea level in the Prut valleys to {{convert|537|m|ft}} in the western outskirts (Mount [[Tsetzino]]), which is caused by the location on the [[Chernivtsi Upland]].

Chernivtsi is considered to be a "green city": the large territory is occupied by parks, squares, gardens, alleys and flower gardens. Nine objects are recognized as monuments of landscape art. The city has a botanical garden at the Yuriy Fedkovych National University with a unique orangery. Among the relict plants growing in the botanical garden, a special place is occupied by a giant [[Sequoiadendron]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pogliad.ua/news/chernivtsi/rekonstruyovana-oranzhereya-botsadu-bude-vischoyu-za-koleso-oglyadu-261002|title=Реконструйована оранжерея ботсаду буде вищою за колесо огляду|website=Погляд – новини Чернівці та Чернівецької області|access-date=20 January 2020|archive-date=31 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531170445/https://pogliad.ua/news/chernivtsi/rekonstruyovana-oranzhereya-botsadu-bude-vischoyu-za-koleso-oglyadu-261002|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Chernivtsi is located in the center of [[Chernivtsi Regional Park]], which borders zakaznik "Thetzino" in the west and [[Mount Berda]] in the north.

=== State of the environment ===
At the end of the twentieth century, the main pollutants of the Chernivtsi environment were industrial enterprises, including the MIC. In the 1990s much of them ceased to exist or significantly reduced production capacity and thus reduced industrial emissions. Despite this, 58 enterprises (38.4% of the total amount in the region) are the main pollutants of the environment. Approximately 1.2 tonnes of pollutants are released into the air annually (34.9% of the total area emissions). Non-methane [[volatile organic compound]]s, carbon dioxide and substances in the form of solid suspended solids predominate in the structure of the emitted pollutants. In addition, carbon dioxide, which has a [[greenhouse effect]], is periodically released into the atmosphere of the city. Emissions from stationary sources were 7.9 tonnes per {{cvt|1|km2}} of Chernivtsi territory. Each inhabitant of the regional center accounts for an average of {{cvt|4.8|kg}} of harmful emissions per year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://golovne.net/suspilstvo/stan-dovkillia-m-chernivtciv-u-2009-rotci.html|title=State of environment of the Chernivtsi in 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928031913/http://golovne.net/suspilstvo/stan-dovkillia-m-chernivtciv-u-2009-rotci.html|archive-date=2013-09-28}}</ref>

In 2008, Chernivtsi established an Environmental Monitoring System (EMS), an information structure that integrates environmental monitoring organizations and industrial enterprises that pollute the environment or which may adversely affect the environment or its components.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://versii.cv.ua/news/monitorymo-dovkillya/354.html|title=Моніторимо довкілля|date=2008-06-06|website=Чернівці, Чернівецька область – новини в газеті Версії|language=uk|access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>

Since the late 1990s, transport is a significant factor in the negative impact on the environment. To some extent, the situation was improved with the construction of the first (2004) and the second (2010) queues of the [[Bypass (road)|bypass road]], which connected the directions "Kyiv-Chernivtsi" and "Chernivtsi-Suceava". The problem of transit transport in the city will be finally resolved after the construction of the third branch of the bypass road, which will connect the directions "Suceava-Chernivtsi" and "Chernivtsi-Lviv".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://versii.cv.ua/ekonomichni/ob-yizdnih-dorig-stane-bil-she/96.html|title=Об'їздна дорога в Чернівцях|date=2008-04-01|website=Чернівці, Чернівецька область – новини в газеті Версії|language=uk|access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>

== Government ==
{{see also|List of mayors of Chernivtsi}}
Chernivtsi is the [[administrative center]] of the [[Chernivtsi Oblast]] ([[Oblast|province]]) and the city itself has own government within the oblast under subordination to [[Chernivtsi Raion]].

Until 1 January 2016, the territory of Chernivtsi was divided into three administrative [[Urban districts of Ukraine|urban districts]]:<ref>{{Cite web |title=У Чернівцях скасують поділ на райони |url=https://molbuk.ua/chernovtsy_news/88790-u-chernivcyakh-skasuyut-podil-na-rayony.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404044437/http://molbuk.ua/chernovtsy_news/88790-u-chernivcyakh-skasuyut-podil-na-rayony.html |archive-date=2017-04-04 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=Новини Чернівці: Інформаційний портал «Молодий буковинець»}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No. !! Name !! in [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]!! Population
|-
| 1 || Pershotravnevyi District || Першотравневий район || 69,370
|-
| 2 ||[[Sadhora|Sadhirskyi]] District || Садгірський район || 28,227
|-
| 3 || Shevchenkivskyi District<ref>The raion was formerly named ''Lenin Raion''. The raion was renamed in accordance with the [[Rivne Oblast]] Council's decision. [https://archive.today/20110128072835/http://gska2.rada.gov.ua:7777/pls/z7502/A005?rdat1=04.06.2007&rf7571=42056]</ref>|| Шевченківський район || 139,094
|}

The current mayor of Chernivtsi is Roman Klichuk, who has been elected in [[2020 Ukrainian local elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Havryliuk |first=Khrystyna |date=2020-11-30 |title=Businessman Roman Klichuk elected as the mayor of Chernivtsi: official results |url=https://suspilne.media/84033-miskim-golovou-cernivciv-obrali-pidpriemca-romana-klicuka-oficijni-rezultati/ |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Suspilne |language=uk}}</ref>

<gallery widths="150px" heights="150px">
File:Czernowitz dom polski.jpg|Polish House, 1910
File:Chern old.jpg|Central Square of Czernowitz in the early 1900s
File:Czernowitz, residenz des erzbischofs.jpg|The Residence (photograph of c. 1899)
File:Chernivtsi Synagogue.jpg|An early 20th-century postcard depicting the Czernowitz Synagogue
File:Armenische Kirche in Czernowitz.jpg|Armenian church in the early 1900s
</gallery>

== Demographics ==
{{historical populations|5=1939|6=106300|7=1959|8=141940|9=1970|10=186812|11=1979|12=218561|13=1989|14=256644|15=2001|16=240621|17=2011|18=253843|19=2022|20=264298|align=right|cols=1|source=<ref>{{cite web|title=Cities & Towns of Ukraine|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-cities.htm}}</ref>}}The population, according to the data of the 2001 population census in Ukraine, was 236,691 inhabitants. Among them, there 189,021 identified themselves as ethnic Ukrainians (79.86%), 26,733 as [[Russians]] (11.29%), 10,553 as [[Romanians]] (4.36%), 3,829 as [[Moldovans]] (1.62%), 1,408 as Poles; (0.59%), 1,308 as Jews (0.55%) and 971 as members of other groups (0.41%).<ref name="pop-stat.mashke.org">The Ukrainian census of 2001, ethnicity/nationality data by localities, at http://pop-stat.mashke.org/ukraine-ethnic2001.htm</ref><ref name="city.cv.ua" /> The city of Chernivtsi had 236,691 inhabitants in 2001, of which 187,465 stated that they spoke Ukrainian (79.20%), 10,353 Romanian (4.37%, out of which 7,706 Romanian called it Romanian, or 3.26%, and 2,557 called it Moldovan, or 1.36%), 284 Polish (0.11%), and 36,150 Russian (15.27%).<ref name="socialdata.org.ua">The Ukrainian census of 2001, language data by localities, at https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/</ref>

Based on the last available Soviet data, the population of the city, as of 1 January 1989, was 258,375 residents. Among these, there are some 171,925 Ukrainians (66.5%), 45,865 Russians (17.8%), 13,017 Romanians (5%), 6,361 [[Moldovans]] (2.5%), 2,205 Poles (0.9%), 1,725 Belarussians (0.7%) and 15,671 Jews (6.1%).<ref>Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, ''Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor'', vol. 1 (''Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti''), Cernauti, 2005, p. 257-259, 261.</ref> At that time, 62.57% of the population was Ukrainian-speaking, 30.18% Russian-speaking, and 5.18% Romanian-speaking (of which 3.02% said that they were Romanian speaking, and 2.16% Moldovan-speaking).<ref>Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, ''Romanii din Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor'', vol. 1 (''Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti''), Cernauti, 2005, p. 246.</ref>

[[File:Румунський Національний дім.JPG|thumb|The {{ill|National Palace of the Romanians of Chernivtsi|ro|Palatul Național al Românilor din Cernăuți|uk|Румунський Народний Дім у Чернівцях}}]]

The Romanian population in Chernivtsi started decreasing rapidly after 1950. Many Romanians fled to Romania or were deported to [[Siberia]] (where most of them died), and the remaining Romanian population quickly became a minority and assimilated with the majority.{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} According to minority organizations, the Romanian minority in Chernivtsi is still decreasing nowadays as a result of [[cultural assimilation]] and emigration to Romania.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mediafax.ro/social/romanii-din-ucraina-suntem-intre-asimilarea-promovata-de-ucraina-si-ofensiva-facuta-de-rusia-ne-ingrijoreaza-ca-din-toamna-armata-va-recruta-baieti-de-18-ani-13073207 | title=Românii din Ucraina: Suntem între asimilarea promovată de Ucraina şi ofensiva făcută de Rusia. Ne îngrijorează că din toamnă armata va recruta băieţi de 18 ani | date=11 August 2014 }}</ref>
[[File:2019 - Чернівці - Єврейське кладовище - 2.jpg|thumb|[[Jewish cemetery of Chernivtsi]]]]
Chernivtsi once had a Jewish community of over 50,000, less than a third of whom survived World War II. Romanian lawyer and reserve officer {{ill|Theodor Criveanu|he|תיאודור קריביאנו|ro|Theodor Criveanu}}, as well as the then city mayor [[Traian Popovici]], supported by General [[Vasile Ionescu]] saved 19,689 Jewish people. Initially, Governor of Bukovina [[Corneliu Calotescu]] allowed only 190 Jewish people to stay, but Traian Popovici, after an incredible effort, obtained from the then dictator of Romania Marshal [[Ion Antonescu]] an allowance of 20,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.yadvashem.org/about_yad/press_room/press_releases/07.08.07.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20081116122634/http://www1.yadvashem.org/about_yad/press_room/press_releases/07.08.07.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 November 2008 |title=Righteous Among the Nations Ceremony from Romania Tomorrow |access-date=21 April 2009 |work=Yad Vashem }}</ref> After World War II, the city was a key node in the [[Berihah]] network, which helped Jews to emigrate to the then [[Mandate Palestine]] from the difficult conditions after the War. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the majority of the remaining Jewish population emigrated to Israel and the United States. A famous member of this latter emigration is the actress [[Mila Kunis]].<ref>[http://gazeta.ua/index.php?id=303824 Міла Куніс зіграє у трилері "Чорний лебідь"], Gazeta.ua (13 August 2009) {{in lang|uk}}</ref>

Chernivtsi was inhabited by Ukrainians, Romanians, Poles, [[Ruthenians]], Jews, [[Romani people|Roma]], and [[Germans]]. During its affiliation with the [[Austro-Hungarian]] monarchy, Chernivtsi enjoyed prosperity and culture as the capital of the [[Bukovina]] [[crown land#Austria|crown land]]. Until 1918, the main language of the city was German, which, in addition to the Germans, was also spoken by Jews (together they made up half the population of the city) and even partly by Ukrainians, Romanians and Poles. After [[World War II]], the [[Shoah]] and [[Porajmos]], and the resettlement and expulsion of the whole ethnic groups, including Germans and Romanians, this status was diminished. Today, the Ukrainians are the dominant population group.

Chernivtsi's change in demographic diversity is demonstrated by the following population statistics. Once, Romanians and Ukrainians formed the majority of the population. However, after 1870, [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]-speaking or [[German language|German]]-speaking Jews surpassed the Romanians as the largest population group of the town. After 1880, the Ukrainians surpassed the Romanians as the second-largest population group.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Jews in Chernivtsi<br /><small>according to Austrian-Hungarian Census<ref>Ergebnisse der Volkszählungen der K. K. Statistischen Central-Kommission u.a., in: Anson Rabinbach: ''The Migration of Galician Jews to Vienna''. Austrian History Yearbook, Volume XI, Berghahn Books/Rice University Press, Houston 1975, S. 46/47 (Table III)</ref></small>
|-
! Year || Approximate<br /> Total Population || Jewish Population || Percentage
|-
| 1857 || align="right" | 22,000 || align="right" | 4,678 || align="right" | 21.6%
|-
| 1869 || align="right" | 34,000 || align="right" | 9,552 || align="right" | 28.2%
|-
| 1880 || align="right" | 46,000 || align="right" | 14,449 || align="right" | 31.7%
|-
| 1890 || align="right" | 54,000 || align="right" | 17,359 || align="right" | 32.0%
|-
| 1900 || align="right" | 68,000 || align="right" | 21,587 || align="right" | 31.9%
|-
| 1910 || align="right" | 87,000 || align="right" | 28,613 || align="right" | 32.8%
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#ddd;" |&nbsp;
! colspan="2" style="background:#ddd;" | Chernivtsi (City)
! colspan="2" style="background:#ddd;" | Chernivtsi (Suburbs)
|-
|- style="background:#f0f0f0;"
|'''Year'''||'''[[Romanians]]'''||'''[[Ukrainians]]'''||'''Romanians'''||'''Ukrainians'''
|-
| 1860 || align="right" | 9,177 || align="right" | 4,133 || align="right" | 20,068 || align="right" | 6,645
|-
| 1870 || align="right" | 5,999 || align="right" | 5,831 || align="right" | 28,315 || align="right" | 35,011
|-
| 1880 || align="right" | 6,431 || align="right" | 8,232 || align="right" | 8,887 || align="right" | 23,051
|-
| 1890 || align="right" | 7,624 || align="right" | 10,385 || align="right" | 11,433 || align="right" | 34,067
|-
| 1900 || align="right" | 9,400 || align="right" | 13,030 || align="right" | 13,252 || align="right" | 25,476
|-
| 1910 || align="right" | 13,440 || align="right" | 15,254 || align="right" | 18,060 || align="right" | 22,351
|}

=== Language ===
Distribution of the population by native language according to the [[2001 Ukrainian census|2001 census]]:<ref>{{cite web | language=uk | url=https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/ | title=Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України}}</ref>
{| class="standard"
|-
! Language
! Number
! Percentage
|-
| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
| align="right"| 187 465 ||align="right"| 79.20%
|-
| [[Russian language in Ukraine|Russian]]
| align="right"| 36 150 || align="right"| 15.27%
|-
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
| align="right"| 7 706 || align="right"| 3.26%
|-
| [[Moldovan language|Moldovan]]
| align="right"| 2 557 || align="right"| 1.08%
|-
| Other or undecided
| align="right"| 2 813 || align="right"| 1.19%
|-
| Total
| align="right"| 236 691 || align="right"| 100.00%
|}

Native language of the population of the former [[Urban districts of Ukraine|districts]] of the city according to the 2001 census.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Database/Census/databasetree_no_uk.asp#m5|title=Database of census in 2001|access-date=20 January 2020|archive-date=6 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006161414/http://database.ukrcensus.gov.ua/MULT/Database/Census/databasetree_no_uk.asp#m5|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"|
!
! Ukrainian
! Russian
! Romanian
! Moldovan
! Polish
! Belarusian
|-
|'''Chernivtsi'''||'''79,20'''||'''15,27'''||'''3,26'''||'''1,08'''||'''0,12'''||'''0,09'''
|-
| Sadhirskyi District||93,43||4,04||0,38||0,51||0,13||0,08
|-
| Pershotravnevyi District||77,45||16,22||3,53||1,43||0,12||0,09
|-
| Shevchenkivskyi District||77,19||17,08||3,70||1,02||0,12||0,09
|}

According to a survey conducted by the [[International Republican Institute]] in April–May 2023, 82% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, 15% spoke Russian, and 2% spoke Romanian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/municipal_survey_may_2023_ua_-_final.pdf |title=Municipal Survey 2023 |website=ratinggroup.ua|access-date=9 August 2023}}</ref> This reflects the increasing proportion of Ukrainian-speakers in the city, from 79.2% in 2001 to 82% in 2023, while the proportion of Russian-speakers stayed stationary at 15%, and the percentage of Romanian-speakers decreased from 4.34% in 2001 to around 2% in 2023.<ref name="socialdata.org.ua"/> Most of the self-identified ethnic Romanians (4.36% of the population in 2001) and Moldovans (1.36% of the population in 2001) seemed to be Ukrainian-speakers by 2023.<ref name="pop-stat.mashke.org"/>

== Economy ==
{{Multiple issues|section=yes|
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
{{Update section|date=September 2024}}
}}
The total number of economic entities in the city is 25.4 thousand. On 1 January 2006, there were 6739 legal entities – business entities and almost 19,000 private entrepreneurs – individuals, primarily represented by small enterprises. The volume of sales and services provided to small enterprises is ₴578 million or 22% of the total Chernivtsi volumes. The share of the city's tax revenues is almost 35%. The most attractive for small businesses are trade and services, restaurant and tourist business.

Wholesale and retail trade, industry and construction are successfully developing in Chernivtsi. In 2005, wholesale and retail sales accounted for over 64%, industry – 23%, construction – 6%, real estate operations – 2.3%, transport and communications – more than 2%.

=== Industry ===

In the industrial sector of the city, there are 10 branches, which have 70 large enterprises with a total number of employees over 20 thousand people or 13% of the working population of the city. The annual volume of industrial production at these enterprises is about ₴775 million. The share of citywide tax revenues to the budgets of all levels of the industry is 21%. Defining industries in the city's industry are food, light, mechanical engineering and woodworking. Food processing companies produce sugar, bakery products, alcohol, oil, meat and milk, fruits, vegetables and other products. In the light industry, the production of garments, knitwear, hosiery, rubber and leather footwear and textiles prevails. Mechanical engineering is represented by the production of oil and gas processing equipment and agricultural machinery. The timber industry is dominated by the production of lumber, furniture, joinery and other wood products.

=== Trade and services ===
In 2005, there were 1922 trade enterprises, 609 restaurants, 892 services in the city. There are 22 markets and micro-markets in the city. ₴10 million are invested annually in their construction, reconstruction, improvement of trade conditions and creation of facilities for buyers. Chernivtsi City Shopping Complex, "Kalinivskiy Rynok" Municipal Enterprise is a modern multidisciplinary enterprise with powerful infrastructure. The average daily number of market visitors is 50,000 people, served by 9,100 entrepreneurs. The volume of services in 2005 amounted to almost ₴23 million, more than ₴18 million was paid into the city budget, or nearly 10% of the total revenues.

== Health care ==
[[File:Буковинський державний медичний університет.Jpg|thumb|[[Bukovinian State Medical University]]]]
Almost all health care establishments of the region are concentrated in Chernivtsi. 39 medical establishments (hospitals, clinics, and [[polyclinic]]s) provide citizens of Chernivtsi with necessary medical care.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chernivtsy.eu/english/health-care/|title=Health Care|website=Chernivtsi City Council}}</ref> Medical services are provided by 4.47 thousand people, of which – 1102 doctors, 1902 – average health workers, 1473 – junior and support staff.

Municipal medical establishments provide the following medical services:
* Emergency care (emergency care station);
* Dispensary and polyclinic care (5 municipal polyclinics, a municipal children polyclinic, polyclinics of two maternity houses, a polyclinic of preventive examination and Municipal Dentistry Association, which includes two dentist clinics);
* Specialized medical care (3 hospitals, 2 maternity houses, a tuberculosis hospital and a municipal children hospital);
* Disease-prevention and anti-epidemic services (a municipal sanitary and epidemiological station).

== Culture ==
[[File:Congregation of Holy Cross Church (1814).jpg|200px|thumb|Basilica of the Exaltation of the Cross]]
Throughout the centuries Chernivtsi, as the center of Bukovina, was forming as a multicultural city with an atmosphere of tolerance, which contributed to the development of artists and artistic institutions across the ethnic boundaries.

The city has 2 theaters, a philharmonic hall, an organ hall (located in the building of an [[Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian Catholic]] Church),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Armenian Catholic Church of St. Apostles Peter and Paul |url=http://bukovyna.in.ua/armenian-catholic-church.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811041642/http://bukovyna.in.ua/armenian-catholic-church.html |archive-date=11 August 2019 |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=bukovyna.in.ua}}</ref> more than 10 museums, 6 cinemas, 31 libraries, a palace of culture, 4 music schools and a fine arts school.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chernivtsy.eu/english/culture/|title=Culture|website=Chernivtsi City Counsil}}</ref> The city has more than 100 religious organizations and diocesan authorities. More than a dozen of active non-profit cultural organizations operate in Chernivtsi, including Adam Mickiewicz Polish Culture Society, Mihai Eminescu Romanian Culture Society and the Society of Austrian and German Culture.<ref name=":1" /> The {{ill|National Palace of the Romanians of Chernivtsi|ro|Palatul Național al Românilor din Cernăuți|uk|Румунський Народний Дім у Чернівцях}} is a building of great relevance for the ethnic Romanians of the city and the surrounding area.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://tvrmoldova.md/actualitate/la-77-de-ani-de-cand-puterea-sovietica-a-dat-jos-inscriptia-in-limba-romana-de-pe-palatul-national-din-cernauti-aceasta-fost-pusa-acum-la-loc-de-cinste/|title=La 77 de ani de când puterea sovietică a dat jos inscripția în limba română de pe Palatul Național din Cernăuți, aceasta fost pusă acum la loc de cinste|publisher=TVR Moldova|date=26 September 2021|language=ro}}</ref>

Since 1997 Chernivtsi has hosted an international art event under "Days of European Culture Heritage" project. Every year "Bukovinian Meetings" folklore festival is held during the City Day in which art groups from Poland, Hungary, Romania and Germany take part.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bukovynian Culture |url=http://bukovyna.in.ua/culture.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811042211/http://bukovyna.in.ua/culture.html |archive-date=11 August 2019 |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=bukovyna.in.ua}}</ref>

Important part of Chernivtsi cultural life is Malanka Fest, Ukraine's main carnival timed to the religious St. Melania ("[[Malanka]]") Day and St. Basil Day. The festival is usually held on 14 January, although the date may be moved to match the weekend.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.malankafest.com.ua/|title=Malanka Fest|website=www.malankafest.com.ua|access-date=2020-01-24|archive-date=9 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109183009/http://malankafest.com.ua/|url-status=dead}}</ref> During the Festival groups from different towns and settlements of Bukovina compete in the artistic ingenuity.

One of the biggest [[literary festival]] in Ukraine is the [[Meridian Czernowitz]] International Poetic Festival. The purpose of the festival is to return Chernivtsi to the cultural map of Europe and to develop a dialogue between contemporary Ukrainian poets and their foreign colleagues.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Über das Festival |url=http://www.meridiancz.com/de/uber-das-festival/ |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=Internationale Literarische Korporation Meridian Czernowitz |language=de-DE}}</ref> The festival saw the participants from more than 13 different countries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TeilnehmerInnen (2010–2019) |url=http://www.meridiancz.com/de/festival-teilnehmer-2010-2012/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922063510/http://www.meridiancz.com/de/festival-teilnehmer-2010-2012/ |archive-date=22 September 2019 |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=Internationale Literarische Korporation Meridian Czernowitz |language=de-DE}}</ref>

Several of the publications of [[Romanians in Ukraine|Ukraine's Romanian minority]] are published in Chernivtsi, including ''[[Zorile Bucovinei]]'', ''Concordia'', ''Libertatea Cuvântului'', ''Curierul de Cernăuți'', ''Arcașul'' and ''Septentrion literar''. Cernăuți TV, a private Romanian-language TV channel is also headquartered in Chernivtsi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://solotvino.mae.ro/node/392|title=Mass Media româno-ucrainene|publisher=Consulate of Romania, Solotvyno|language=ro|access-date=21 October 2023}}</ref>

=== Museums ===
[[File:Чернівецький обласний краєзнавчий музей.Jpg|thumb|Chernivtsi Museum of Local Lore]]
[[File:Chernivtsi Museum Volodymyra Ivasyuka.jpg|thumb|Volodymyr Ivasyuk Memorial Museum]]
[[File:Садиба селянина-багача в Чернівецькому скансені.jpg|thumb|Museum of the Diaspora of Bukovina]]
* [[Chernivtsi Museum of Local Lore]] has the largest collection of materials and artifacts of the nature, history, and culture of [[Bukovina|Northern Bukovina]]: a collection of old printed books with a unique [[Ostrog Bible|Ostroh Bible]], printed by [[Ivan Fyodorov (printer)|Ivan Fedorov]] in 1581; numismatic collection with more than 3 thousand coins; a collection of weapons; an archaeological collection of more than 12,000 objects. The museum hosts a collection of works of fine and decorative arts, the basis of which consists of icons of the 16th to 18th centuries and works of prominent Bukovinian artists. The natural collection includes nearly 10,000 specimens, including taxidermy, herbarium and entomological collections.
* [[Chernivtsi Regional Art Museum]]. The museum is located in an Art Nouveau monument of architecture of national significance. The total number of exhibits in the museum exceeds 10,000, including a collection of unique Bukovinian folk and religious images, rugs and glass icons of the 19th and 20th centuries, Bukovina and [[Hutsuls|Hutsul]] [[pysanka]]s, old printed books, isuch as the 1632 printing of "[[The Apostle (book)|The Apostle]]" and a number of academic and modernist paintings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2014 |title=Чернівецький обласний художній музей |url=http://artmuz.cv.ua/}}</ref> 
* [[History and Culture Museum of Bukovinian Jews]], located in the former Jewish People's House (now the Central Palace of Culture).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Головна-Укр |url=http://muzejew.org.ua/Index-Ukr.html |website=muzejew.org.ua}}</ref> The museum hosts a collection of exhibits on the religious and secular lives of Bukovina Jewish community from 18th to the middle of the 20th century, including books, documents, photographs, costumes and decorative arts. 
* [[Chernivtsi Museum of Folk Architecture and Folkways]], an architectural and landscape complex consisting of monuments of folk architecture of the late 18th to the first half of the 20th centuries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bukovina-museum.com/en/|title=MUSEUM|website=ЧЕРНІВЕЦЬКИЙ ОБЛАСНИЙ МУЗЕЙ НАРОДНОЇ АРХІТЕКТУРИ ТА ПОБУТУ|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> The exposition of the museum includes about 35 structures, transported from different parts of the region and rebuilt in their original forms with appropriate natural surroundings.
* [[Olha Kobylyanska Literary Memorial Museum|Olha Kobylianska Literary Memorial Museum]] 
* [[Yuriy Fedkovich Literary Memorial Museum|Yuriy Fedkovych Literary Memorial Museum]] 
* [[Volodymyr Ivasiuk Memorial Museum]]
* [[Museum of the Bukovinian Diaspora]]
* [[Air and Space Museum in Chernivtsi|Air and Space Museum]]

== Architecture ==
There are many places which attract residents and visitors of Chernivtsi: Drama Theatre, Regional Philharmonic Society, Organ and Chamber Music Hall, puppet theatre, Museum of Local Lore, History and Economy, Museum of Fine Arts, Bukovinian Diaspora Museum, Museum of Folk Architecture and Way of Life, memorial museums of writers, the Central Palace of Culture, the Star Alley in Teatralna Square.

[[File:Архітектурний ансамбль Театральної площі.Jpg|thumb|center|800px|Teatralna Square]]

The city of Chernivtsi has a lot of architecturally important buildings. Many historic buildings have been preserved, especially within the city's center. However, after years of disrepair and neglect, the buildings are in need of major restoration. {{Citation needed|date=July 2012}}

As Chernivtsi was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, it was closely related to the empire's culture, including architecture. {{Citation needed|date=July 2012}} Main architectural styles present within the city include [[Vienna Secession]] and [[Neoclassicism]], [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]], late [[Gothic architecture]], and fragments of traditional Moldavian and Hungarian architecture, [[Byzantine architecture]] as well as [[Cubism]].<ref name="chernivtsi-sports2">{{cite web|url=http://www.city.cv.ua/English/SportTourism/Tourism.shtml#Ar|title=Sport & Tourism II|access-date=25 September 2007|work=Chernivtsi City Official Site}}</ref> During the Interwar Romanian administration, a great number of buildings in the Neo-Romanian and Art Deco architectural styles were also built. The city is sometimes dubbed ''Little Vienna'', because its architecture is reminiscent of the Austro-Hungarian capital [[Vienna]].<ref name="day" /><ref name="cognita" />

[[File:Chern-Panorama1.jpg|center|thumb|800px|Tsentralna Square]]

The main architectural attractions of the city include: [[Olha Kobylianska Chernivtsi Drama Theater]] (1905); [[Chernivtsi Town Hall]] (1847); the [[Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans|Residence of Bukovinian and Damatian Metropolitans]] (the building of [[Chernivtsi University]])—[[List of World Heritage Sites in Ukraine|UNESCO World Heritage Site]] (1882); [[Chernivtsi National University Botanical Garden|Chernivtsi University Botanical Garden]] (1877); the Regional Museum of Fine Arts—the former savings bank (1900); the building of the Regional Council—former Palace of Justice (1906); and the Chernivtsi Palace of Culture—former Jewish National House (1908); among many others. The [[Moorish Revival]] [[Czernowitz Synagogue]] was heavily damaged by fire in 1941, the walls were used to create the "Chernivtsi" movie theater.<ref name="Danilova2012">{{cite web|title=With few Jewish neighbors, residents of Ukrainian town attend 'cinegogue'|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/with-few-jewish-neighbors-residents-of-ukrainian-town-attend-cinegogue/|author=Maria Danilova|website=timesofisrael.com|date=24 November 2012|language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Chernivtsi University.jpg|center|thumb|800px|Chernivtsi University]]

The [[Czechs|Czech]] architect [[Josef Hlávka]] designed, in 1864–1882, the buildings that currently house the [[Chernivtsi University|Chernivtsi State University]]. They were originally the residence of the Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans. The Romanesque and Byzantine architecture is embellished with [[Motif (visual arts)|motifs]] of Ukrainian folk art; for example, the tile roof patterns duplicate the geometric designs of traditional [[Ukrainian embroidery]].

=== Polish National House in Chernivtsi ===
[[File:HerrenGasse 761.jpg|thumb|Polish House in Chernivtsi]]
The history of the Polish community in Chernivtsi dates back to the late 18th century, when authorities of the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]] encouraged Poles to move to [[Bucovina]]. By the mid-19th century, several Polish organizations existed in the city, including Bratnia Pomoc (Brotherly Aid) and Czytelnia Polska (Polish Reading Room). On the initiative of publishers of the Gazeta Polska daily newspaper, collection of money for the construction of Polish House was initiated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polish National House |url=http://bukovyna.in.ua/polish-house.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811042119/http://bukovyna.in.ua/polish-house.html |archive-date=11 August 2019 |access-date=2020-01-23 |website=bukovyna.in.ua}}</ref> In the early 20th century, two Polish activists, doctor Tadeusz Mischke and judge Jakub Simonowicz purchased a house. In 1904, its expansion was initiated. It was carried out by architect Franciszek Skowron, interior decorator Konrad Górecki and sculptors from [[Zakopane]], Skwarnicki and Gerasimowicz. The expansion was completed in 1905, and Polish House operated until [[World War II]].{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

In 1945, Soviet authorities opened here a cinema, later a music school. Currently, the complex houses Adam Mickiewicz Association of Polish Culture.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

Apart from the Polish House, Chernivtsi also has German, Romanian and Jewish Houses.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}}

=== German National House in Chernivtsi ===
[[File:Німецький Народний Дім.jpg|thumb|German House in Chernivtsi]]
It was built in the early 20th century by the union of the German community in Chernivtsi, which became the center of German cultural and social life in Chernivtsi and Bukovina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philhist.uni-augsburg.de/lehrstuehle/volkskunde/Exkursionen/Ukraine/Deutsches-Volkshaus-in-Czernowitz/|title=Deutsches Volkshaus in Czernowitz|website=www.philhist.uni-augsburg.de|access-date=2020-01-23|archive-date=6 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206124543/https://www.philhist.uni-augsburg.de/lehrstuehle/volkskunde/Exkursionen/Ukraine/Deutsches-Volkshaus-in-Czernowitz/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The German House was built in 1908–1910 according to plans developed by architect Gustav Fric.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ehpes.com/dizzyweb/czernowitz/history/dh/index.html|title=Deutsches Haus|website=www.ehpes.com|access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref> The building measures 1700 square metres, 25,000 cubic metres. built as a profitable house and a partnership house for 700,000 kroons on the site of the old German school building. The German House also had its own bank, and its own printing house, where various books, brochures, newspapers, and magazines were published, including the newspaper "German diary", which was popular at the time.

=== Jewish National House in Chernivtsi ===
[[File:Єврейський Народний Дім DSC 8863 пл. Театральна, 6.jpg|thumb|The Jewish National House in recent years.]]
{{See also|History of the Jews in Chernivtsi}}
The house was built in 1908 by the Jewish community and until the Second World War, it was the centre of Jewish life in Chernivtsi and home to various Jewish associations and organisations. At least 45,000 Jews from the Bukovina region fell victim to mass shootings, forced labour and deportations beginning in 1941.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.memorialmuseums.org/eng/denkmaeler/view/1468/Chernivtsi-Museum-of-the-History-and-Culture-of-Bukovinian-Jews|title=Chernivtsi Museum of the History and Culture of Bukovinian Jews|website=STIFTUNG DENKMAL FÜR DIE ERMORDETEN JUDEN EUROPAS}}</ref> With the advent of the Soviet government (1944), the building was transferred to the City House of Culture. Today it is the Central Palace of Culture of Chernivtsi

<br />{{Gallery|title=Examples of architecture in the city center|width=150|height=100|align=center
|File:Готель «Брістоль» DSC 9351 Заньковецької Марії, 11.jpg|
|File:Architecture-of-Chernivtsi-3.jpg|
|File:Громадська споруда, банк Чернівці Кобилянської Ольги, 14.JPG|
|File:DSC 8824 Центральна площа, 3.jpg|
|File:Житловий будинок, Університетська, 9, Чернівці.JPG|
|File:Pershotravnevyi district, Chernivtsi, Chernivets'ka oblast, Ukraine - panoramio (15).jpg|
|File:Pershotravnevyi district, Chernivtsi, Chernivets'ka oblast, Ukraine - panoramio (9).jpg|
|File:Pershotravnevyi district, Chernivtsi, Chernivets'ka oblast, Ukraine - panoramio.jpg
}}

== Religion ==
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Chernivtsi (2024)
|value1 = 77.5
|color1 = Red
|label1 = Eastern Orthodox Christianity
|value2 = 12.5
|color2 = Firebrick
|label2 = Eastern Catholic Church
|value3 = 4
|color3 = Crimson
|label3 = Roman Catholic Church
|value5 = 1.5
|color5 = blue
|label5 = Judaism
|value4 = 1.5
|color4 = Orange
|label4 = Protestantism
|value6 = 0.25
|color6 = green
|label6 = Islam
|value7 = 1.25
|color7 = white
|label7 = Other religions and non-religious individuals
|value8 = 3
|color8 = grey
|label8 = Difficult to say
}}
* Cathedral of the Holy Spirit (Sviato-Dukhivskyi Cathedral) is a cathedral of the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]] in Chernivtsi. The first stone in its foundation was laid in July 1844. The construction was carried out under the supervision of local engineer Adolf Marin and Viennese architect Anton Röll. In 1860 the facade of the church was rebuilt under the design of [[Josef Hlávka|Josef Hlavka]]. Twenty years after the work began in July 1864, Bishop Yevhenii Hakman consecrated the cathedral. However, interior decoration work continued until the end of the century. In 1892–1896, a group of artists from Vienna painted the walls. It was built in the style of the Italian Renaissance, based on one of the projects of the [[Saint Isaac's Cathedral|St. Isaac's Cathedral]], which was presented to Bishop Hakman.
* The [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]] has an increasingly large number of believers in Chernivtsi. UGCC has several churches in the city. The main temple representing the church in Bukovina is the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, completed in 1821. On 12 September 2017, [[Pope Francis]] confirmed the decision of the Synod of Bishops of the UGCC to establish a separate Chernivtsi eparchy and to appoint [[Yosafat Moschych]] as its Bishop.
* The [[Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian Catholic]] Saints Peter and Paul Church was built and consecrated in [[1875]]. In 1979, it was included on the list of architectural monuments of national significance. Since 1987, it houses the organ hall of Chernivtsi Philarmonic. 
* Basilica of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross is a [[Roman Catholic]] church with the status of a minor basilica, the first stone building of the city. At the time of Bukovina's annexation to Austria in 1774, there were no Roman Catholic churches in the province. The first holy mass was held at the wooden house of [[Gabriel Anton, Baron Splény de Miháldy|General Gabriel von Spleny]], the first Austrian governor of Bukovina, attended by only a small number of Roman Catholics. In 1778, the building of the first Catholic church in Chernivtsi was completed. The architectural structure of the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross is characterized by classic features.

The [[Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans]] is included in the [[List of World Heritage Sites in Ukraine|UNESCO list of Architectural Heritage]].

== Education ==
Chernivtsi is a known scientific and educational center in Western Ukraine. Research Institutes of Thermoelectricity, the Institute of Medical and Ecological Problems of the Ministry of Health Care of Ukraine, Chernivtsi National University, Bukovinian State Medical University, Trade and Economics Institute, Institute of Economics and Law, Bukovinian State Institute for Finance and Economics.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://chernivtsy.eu/english/science-and-education/|title=education in Chernivtsi|website=City Council}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About BSMU |url=https://www.bsmu.edu.ua/en/general-information/about-bsmu/ |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=Bukovinian State Medical University}}</ref>

Secondary education in Chernivtsi is provided by:
* 46 high schools with the Ukrainian language of study – 97.3% of students;
* 4 high schools with the Romanian language of study – 2.7%;<ref name=":0" />
* 2 private schools: Hope and Harmony.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://shkola-nadiya.com/|title=Приватна школа Надія – Приватна загальноосвітня школа І-ІІ ступенів "НАДІЯ"|language=uk|access-date=2020-01-24|archive-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116141707/http://shkola-nadiya.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 3 lyceums and 7 gymnasium.

There are 5 gymnasiums, 3 lyceums, and 3 sport schools, the Municipal Center of Science, "Young Technicians" Club, "GERDAN" Theatre-Studio.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Art/gerdantheatre/about/|title=Theatre Gerdan|website=www.facebook.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gerdan.info/en/about-musicians.html|title=About Gerdan|website=www.gerdan.info|access-date=2020-01-24|archive-date=1 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901150706/http://gerdan.info/en/about-musicians.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

There are 15 higher educational institutions (universities, institutes, colleges). Among them:
* [[University of Chernivtsi|Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University]] (19,227 students) – one of the few classic universities in the country. It was opened on 4 October 1875, according to the decree of the Austrian Emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph]]. At that time the university consisted of three faculties: philosophical, theological and law. Today, 16 faculties and the Chernivtsi Pedagogical College within the ChNU are functioning at the university. Almost 13,000 students study in 61 specialities; the main areas of preparation are the natural sciences, and the humanities. This is the only university in the country where civilian theologians are trained.
* [[Bukovinian State Medical University]] (4321 students). The teaching process at the 42 departments is provided by 75 doctors and 321 candidates of sciences. The teaching staff provides training for 4,474 students, including 675 students from 35 countries. Foreign students are taught in English. The Faculty of Postgraduate Education trains about 800 interns and over 2000 attending physicians; the university provides continuity and continuity of higher medical education: junior specialist, bachelor, doctor-specialist, master, graduate student. BSMU prepares specialists in the specialties "Medical Affairs", "Pediatrics", "Dentistry", "Medical Psychology", "Clinical Pharmacy", "Pharmacy", "Nursing", "Laboratory diagnostics".
* Chernivtsi Trade-Economics Institute of the [[Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics]] (2315 students).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chtei-knteu.cv.ua/en/index/|title=Chernivtsi Trade and Economics Institute|website=chtei-knteu.cv.ua|access-date=2020-01-24}}</ref> The university trains specialists in the field of internal and foreign trade, restaurant business, state financial system and law, customs service, antitrust activity, business economics, banking and insurance, tax and accounting and control, audit, tourism, hospitality, household and other links in the infrastructure.
* Bukovinian University (the first private higher educational institution in the region) – 1,273 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Private Higher Educational Establishment "Bukovinian University" |url=http://www.bukuniver.edu.ua/en/ |access-date=2019-05-21 |website=bukuniver.edu.ua}}</ref>
* Bukovinian State Institute for Finance and Economics – 1,268 students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bucovina State University of Finance and Economics |url=https://www.unipage.net/en/10177/bucovina_state_university_of_finance_and_economics |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=unipage.net}}</ref>
* Chernivtsi Branch of the Interregional Academy of Personnel Management.

== Sports ==
The most popular kinds of sports in Chernivtsi include archery, judo, field hockey, karate, power-lifting and orienteering.<ref name="chernivtsi-sports">{{cite web|url=http://www.city.cv.ua/English/SportTourism/|title=Sport & Tourism|access-date=25 September 2007|work=Chernivtsi City Official Site}}</ref> Chernivtsi's baseball, [[ice hockey]], and [[association football|football]] clubs ([[FC Bukovyna Chernivtsi]]) are participants in the Ukrainian national championships.

Chernivtsi has a large number of sports establishments and facilities, including five stadiums, 186 sports grounds, two tennis courts, eleven [[Association football pitch|football fields]], five [[ice rink|skating rinks]], 21 shooting galleries, three [[swimming pool]]s, 69 [[gym]]s, 62 gyms with special training equipment, and an international motorcycle racing track.<ref name="chernivtsi-sports" />

Over 7,950 inhabitants are members of sport clubs within the city, and more than 50,000 people participate in various sport activities.<ref name="chernivtsi-sports" /> Currently, eight sportsmen from the city are members of national teams and twelve are members of national youth teams.<ref name="chernivtsi-sports" /> Three athletes from Chernivtsi were prize-winners in various world tournaments, two were winners of European and 42 of national championships in 2002.<ref name="chernivtsi-sports" />

Chernivtsi has been host to the [[Sidecarcross world championship|Sidecross World Championship]] a number of times,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Venues Used in GP 1971–2005 |url=http://www.thejohndaveypages.org/JD_GP/MIXXXVNVN.htm |access-date=2 November 2009 |website=The John Davy Pages}}</ref> most recently in June 2010.<ref>[http://www.fim-live.com/en/sport/sidecarcross/events/ FIM Sidecarcross World Championship—2010 Calendar] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812011944/http://www.fim-live.com/en/sport/sidecarcross/events/ |date=12 August 2011 }} FIM website, accessed: 30 October 2009</ref>

== Transport ==
[[File:Вокзал в Чернівцях DSC 9923 Гагаріна Юрія, 38.jpg|thumb|left|Central Train Station in Chernivtsi.]]
Chernivtsi has two main modes of public transport: buses and trolleybuses. All modes of transport cost approximately $0.20 .
In 2018, Chernivtsi has begun testing hybrid trolleybuses. The new trolleybuses are designed to improve the public transport system of Chernivtsi by making it more energy-efficient, as well as covering the part of the town which currently has no trolleybus lines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euneighbours.eu/en/east/stay-informed/news/ukrainian-town-chernivtsi-introduces-innovative-hybrid-trolleybuses|title = Ukrainian town of Chernivtsi introduces innovative hybrid trolleybuses &#124; EU Neighbours| date=11 May 2021 }}</ref> In 2023, the municipal transit operator introduced electronic fare cards for use on its vehicles.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oliinyk |first=Marharyta |date=2024-02-17 |title=Оплата без готівки та пільговий проїзд: все, що потрібно знати про електронний квиток у Чернівцях |url=https://suspilne.media/chernivtsi/684978-oplata-bez-gotivki-ta-pilgovij-proizd-vse-so-potribno-znati-pro-elektronnij-kvitok-u-cernivcah/ |access-date=2024-09-03 |work=[[Suspilne]]}}</ref>

=== Rail ===
{{Chernivtsi – Berehomet line RDT}}
There are three railway stations in Chernivtsi: [[Chernivtsi railway station|Chernivtsi station]] (38 Vokzalna Street., {{cvt|1.5|km}} north from the centre), Chernivtsi-Pivnichna Railway station (Zavods'ka street, 13 (northwest {{cvt|3|km|disp=sqbr}}) and Chernivtsi-Pivdenna Railway station (Malovokzalna street, 21 (south {{cvt|5|km|disp=sqbr}})

=== Air ===
Chernivtsi is served by the [[Chernivtsi International Airport]] (CWC) located {{cvt|6|km}} south of the city centre (Kadeniuka street, 30).

=== Road ===
Chernivtsi has access to the [[Highway M19 (Ukraine)|M19]] highway, which is part of the [[European route E85]], which links it to [[Bucharest]] (south) and [[Ternopil]] and [[Lutsk]] (north). Moreover, the [[Highway H03 (Ukraine)|H03]] and [[Highway H10 (Ukraine)|H10]] highways link Chernivtsi to other cities in Ukraine, the former connecting it to the capital city of [[Kyiv]], which is located about {{convert|500|km|mi}} north-east of Chernivtsi.

== Twin towns – sister cities ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine}}
The first international contacts with the city were established on 20 July 1989, when then-Mayor of Chernivtsi City Council Pavel Kaspruk, signed a twinning agreement with the Mayor of [[Salt Lake City]] (USA) – Lowell Turner. To commemorate this event, the Cradle of Peace was erected in Chernivtsi.

Chernivtsi is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Міста-побратими|url=https://city.cv.ua/mt/pro-misto/mista-pobratymy-8|website=city.cv.ua|publisher=Chernivtsi|language=uk|access-date=2020-03-29|archive-date=10 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810191816/https://city.cv.ua/mt/pro-misto/mista-pobratymy-8|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|MDA}} [[Bălți]], Moldova
*{{flagicon|MDA}} [[Chișinău]], Moldova<ref>{{cite web |title=Cernăuţi, Ucraina|url=https://www.chisinau.md/pageview.php?l=ro&idc=1061&t=/Orasul/Descriere-orae/Cernauti-Ucraina|website=chisinau.md| date=16 October 2019 |publisher=Chișinău|language=ro|access-date=2024-01-15}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Cluj-Napoca]], Romania
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Düsseldorf]], Germany<ref>{{cite web|title=Weltweite Kontakte: Türöffner für Bürger, Wirtschaft und Kultur|url=https://www.duesseldorf.de/internationales/partnerschaften.html|website=duesseldorf.de|publisher=Düsseldorf|language=de|access-date=2024-01-15}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Iași]], Romania
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[İzmir]], Turkey<ref>{{cite web |title=İzmir ile Çernivtsi arasında kardeşlik anlaşması|url=https://www.izmir.bel.tr/tr/Haberler/izmir-ile-cernivtsi-arasinda-kardeslik-anlasmasi/49647/156|website=izmir.bel.tr|publisher=İzmir|language=tr|date=2023-12-19|access-date=2024-01-15}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Klagenfurt]], Austria
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Konin]], Poland
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Mannheim]], Germany<ref>{{cite web|title=Partner- und Freundesstädte|url=https://www.mannheim.de/de/stadt-gestalten/europa-und-internationales/partner-und-freundesstaedte|website=mannheim.de|publisher=Mannheim|language=de|access-date=2024-01-15}}</ref>
*{{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Metz]], France<ref>{{cite web|title=Metz jumelée avec Tchernivtsi|url=https://www.eurometropolemetz.eu/a-la-une/metz-jumelee-avec-tchernivtsi-3615.html|publisher=Eurométropole Metz|language=fr|date=2022-05-02|access-date=2024-01-15}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Netanya]], Israel
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Nof HaGalil]], Israel
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Rueil-Malmaison]], France 
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Salt Lake City]], United States
*{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Saskatoon]], Canada
*{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Suceava]], Romania
*{{flagicon|ROU}} [[Timișoara]], Romania
*{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Wolfsberg, Austria]]
{{div col end}}

===Former twin cities===
In February 2016 the Chernivtsi city council terminated its twinned relations with the Russian cities [[Bryansk]] and [[Podolsk]] due to the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2016 |script-title=uk:Чернівці вирішили розірвати побратимські відносини з двома російськими містами |trans-title=Chernivtsi decided to terminate the relationship with twin two Russian cities |url=http://tyzhden.ua/News/159536 |website=[[Ukrainskyi Tyzhden]] |language=uk}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
{{Main|List of people from Chernivtsi}}
{{See also|List of mayors of Chernivtsi}}

=== Natives ===
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Sophia Agranovich]], American classical concert pianist, [[Centaur Records]] recording artist and music educator
* [[Aharon Appelfeld]] (1932–2018), Jewish writer
* [[Zamfir Arbore]] (1848–1933), Romanian politician
* [[Ninon Hesse|Ninon Ausländer]] (1895–1966), [[History of art|art historian]] and wife of [[Hermann Hesse]]
* [[Rose Ausländer]] (1901–1988), Jewish German-language writer
* [[Elyakim Badian]] (1925–2000), Israeli politician
* [[Leon Birnbaum]] (1918–2010), Romanian mathematician and philosopher
* [[Charles K. Bliss]] (1897–1985), inventor of [[Blissymbolics]]
* [[Klara Blum]] (1904–1971), Jewish German-language writer in Austria, the Soviet Union, and China
* [[Aurica Bojescu]], Ukrainian Romanian lawyer, minority rights activist and politician
* [[Dmitry Borisov (anchorman)|Dmitry Borisov]], Russian journalist
* [[Ion Bostan (film director)|Ion Bostan]] (1914–1992), Romanian film director
* [[Octav Botnar]] (1913–1998), Romanian businessman, philanthropist, billionaire
* [[Josef Burg (writer)|Josef Burg]] (1912–2009), last Yiddish poet in Chernivtsi
* [[Paul Celan]] (1920–1970), German-language poet and translator
* [[Erwin Chargaff]] (1905–2002), Jewish biochemist
* [[Eugen Ehrlich]] (1862–1922), Jewish jurist, pioneer of the field of sociology of law
* [[Natalia Fedner]] (born 1983), Ukrainian-American fashion designer
* [[Moysey Fishbeyn]] (1947–2020), a Ukrainian poet
* [[Maria Forescu]] (1875–1943/1947), Romanian opera singer and film actress
* [[Rudolf Gerlach-Rusnak]] (1895–1960), German operatic and concert lyrical tenor<ref>{{cite book |last1 = Kutsch |first1=K.-J.|author-link = Karl-Josef Kutsch |last2 = Riemens |first2 = Leo |author-link2 = Leo Riemens |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dsfq_5dFeL0C&pg=1700|chapter=Gerlach-Rusnak, Rudolf|title=[[Großes Sängerlexikon]]|publisher = [[Walter de Gruyter]] |edition = 4th |language = de |date = 2012 |page = 1700 |isbn = 978-3-59-844088-5}}</ref>
* [[Max Glücksmann]] (1875–1946), Argentine Jewish pioneer of the music and film industries
* [[George Grigorovici]] (1871–1950), Romanian politician
* [[Radu Grigorovici]] (1911–2008), Romanian physicist
* [[Dmytro Hnatyuk]] (1925–2016), a Ukrainian baritone opera singer
* [[Alexandru N. Hurmuzachi]] (1869–1946), Romanian politician
* [[Constantin N. Hurmuzachi]] (1863–1937), Romanian biologist
* [[Doxuță Hurmuzachi]] (1845–1931), Romanian jurist and politician
* [[Frederick John Kiesler]] (1890–1965), a theater designer, artist, theoretician and architect
* [[Ruth Klieger Aliav]] (1914–1979), Romanian-Israeli Jewish activist
* [[Sam Kogan]] (1946–2004), [[stage director]], actor and founding principal of the [[Academy of the Science of Acting and Directing]] in [[London]]
* [[Renata Kallosh]] (born 1943), theoretical physicist
* [[Mila Kunis]] (born 1983), American actress<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 August 2009 |script-title=uk:Міла Куніс зіграє у трилері "Чорний лебідь" |language=uk |work=Gazeta.ua |url=http://gazeta.ua/index.php?id=303824}}</ref>
* [[Elena Leușteanu]] (1935–2008), Romanian Olympic gymnast
* [[Ani Lorak]] (born 1978), Ukrainian singer, songwriter, actress
* [[Eusebius Mandyczewski]] (1857–1929), Ukrainian-Romanian musicologist and composer
* [[Itzik Manger]] (1901–1969), [[Yiddish]] writer
* [[Georg Marco]] (1863–1923), Austrian chess player and author
* [[Meinhard E. Mayer]] (1929–2011), Romanian-American mathematician and physicist, professor emeritus of Physics and Mathematics at the [[University of California]]
* [[Volodymyr Melnykov]] (born 1951), Ukrainian poet, writer and composer
* [[Karol Mikuli]] (1821–1897), Polish-Romanian musician of Armenian descent
* [[Jan Mikulicz-Radecki]] (1850–1905), Polish surgeon
* [[Ingrid Nargang]] (1929–2019), Austrian lawyer and contemporary historian
* [[Dan Pagis]] (1930–1986), Israeli writer
* [[Emil Paur]] (1855–1932), conductor
* [[Traian Popovici]] (1892–1946), Romanian lawyer, mayor of Chernivtsi, and a [[Righteous Among the Nations]] for saving 20,000 Jews during the Holocaust
* [[Iacob Pistiner]], lawyer and Member of the Romanian Parliament in the interwar years
* [[Aron Pumnul]] (1818–1866), Romanian philologist and teacher, national and revolutionary activist
* [[Bernard Reder]], sculptor
* [[Markus Reiner]] (1886–1976), one of the founders of [[rheology]]
* [[Gregor von Rezzori]] (1914–1998), German-language writer of Sicilian-Austrian origin
* [[Ludwig Rottenberg]] (1864–1932), conductor and composer
* [[Maximilien Rubel]] (1905–1996), Marxist historian
* [[Lev Shekhtman]] (born 1951), Russian-American theater director and actor
* [[Ze'ev Sherf]] (1904–1984), Israeli Minister of Finance
* [[Jan Tabachnyk]] (born 1945), singer and composer
* [[Sidi Tal]] (1912–1983), singer and actress
* [[Inna Tsymbalyuk]] (born 1985), Ukrainian model and actress; semifinalist at [[Miss Universe 2006]].
* [[Viorica Ursuleac]] (1894–1985), Romanian opera singer (dramatic soprano)
* [[Inna Vernikov]] (Born 1984) New York City councilwoman
* [[Sofia Vicoveanca]] (born 1941), Romanian singer of popular music from the Bukovina region
* [[Roman Vlad]] (1919–2013) Romanian-Italian composer, pianist, and musicologist
* [[Sydir Vorobkevych]] (1836–1903) Ukrainian composer and writer
* [[Ruth Wisse]], professor of literature
* [[Mariya Yaremchuk]] (born 1993), Ukrainian singer, represented [[Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014]]
* [[Arseniy Yatsenyuk]] (born 1974), Ukrainian politician
* [[Constantin Zablovschi]] (1882–1967), Romanian engineer
* [[Frederic Zelnik]] (1885–1950), an important German silent movie director-producer
{{div col end}}

=== Residents ===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Moyshe Altman]] (1890–1981), Yiddish writer
* [[Hermann Bahr]]
* [[Nicolae Bălan]] (1882–1955), Romanian cleric, a metropolitan bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church
* [[Grigore Vasiliu Birlic]] (1905–1970), Romanian actor
* [[Nathan Birnbaum]]
* [[Charles K. Bliss]]
* [[Kassian Bogatyrets]]
* [[Nikolay Bogolyubov]]
* [[Traian Brăileanu]] (1882–1947), Romanian sociologist and politician
* [[Romulus Cândea]] (1886–1973), Romanian ecclesiastical historian
* [[Erwin Chargaff]]
* [[Nicolae Cotos]] (1883–1959), Romanian theologian
* [[Mihai Eminescu]] (1850–1889), Romanian poet, novelist and journalist
* [[Iancu Flondor]] (1865–1924), Romanian activist who advocated Bukovina's unification with the Kingdom of Romania
* [[Jacob Frank]] (1726–1791), Polish rabbi and founder of [[Frankism]]
* [[Ivan Franko]]
* [[Karl Emil Franzos]] (1848–1904), Jewish writer and publicist, grew up in Chernivtsi and wrote a literary memorial of the Jewish ghetto, ''The Jews of Barnow''
* [[Constantin Isopescu-Grecul]] (1871–1938), Romanian jurist, politician and journalist
* [[Gala Galaction]] (1879–1961), Romanian writer
* [[Abraham Goldfaden]], active here
* [[Zygmunt Gorgolewski]]
* [[Ion Grămadă]] (1886–1917) Romanian writer, historian and journalist
* [[Marian Hadenko]] (1955–2021), Ukrainian singer, songwriter and composer
* [[Maximilian Hacman]] (1877–1961), Romanian jurist
* [[Hans Hahn (mathematician)|Hans Hahn]]
* [[Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi]] (1812–1874), Romanian historian, politician ([[List of Landeshauptmann of Bukovina|Landeshauptmann of Bukovina]]) and patriot
* [[Volodymyr Ivasyuk]] (1949–1979), Ukrainian singer, songwriter and poet
* [[Joseph Kalmer]] (1898–1959), Austrian writer, poet and translator
* [[Leonid Kravchuk]], first President of Ukraine from 1991 to 1994
* [[Olha Kobylyanska]]
* [[Zvi Laron]]
* [[Vasile Luca]] (1898–1963), Soviet and Romanian communist politician
* [[Anastasiya Markovich]] (born 1979), painter
* [[George Mihalcheon]]
* [[Karol Mikuli]] (1821–1892), Romanian pianist and composer, student of [[Frédéric Chopin]]
* [[Ivan Mykolaychuk]] (1941–1987)
* [[Grigore Nandriș]] (1895–1968), Romanian linguist, philologist and memoirist
* [[Miron Nicolescu]] (1903–1975), Romanian mathematician
* [[Ion Nistor]] (1876–1962), Romanian historian and politician
* [[Aurel Onciul]]
* [[Dimitrie Onciul]] (1856–1923), Romanian historian
* [[Dimitrie Petrino]]
* [[Israel Polack]]
* [[George Popovici]] (1863–1905), Romanian agrarian politician, jurist and poet
* [[Ciprian Porumbescu]] (1853–1883), Romanian composer
* [[Aron Pumnul]] (1818–1866), Romanian philologist and teacher, national and revolutionary activist
* [[Sextil Pușcariu]]
* [[Florin Piersic]] (born 1936), Romanian actor and TV personality
* [[Wilhelm Reich]] (1897–1957), Jewish psychoanalyst and [[sexologist]], born in [[Dobrzanica]], went to school in Chernivtsi
* [[Eric Roll, Baron Roll of Ipsden]] (1907–2005),
* [[Sofia Rotaru]] (born 1947), Romanian-Ukrainian pop singer
* [[Wojciech Rubinowicz]]
* [[Ion G. Sbiera]] (1836–1916), Romanian folklorist and historian
* [[Joseph Schmidt]] (1904–1942) singer, actor and cantor
* [[Fritz von Scholz]] (1896–1944), SS officer
* [[Joseph Schumpeter]] (1883–1950), economist and Minister of Finance, 1909–1911, professor in Chernivtsi
* [[Georg Wassilko von Serecki]]
* [[Nissan Spivak]]
* [[Wilhelm Stekel]] (1868–1940), Jewish psychoanalyst and [[sexologist]], born in [[Boiany]], grew up in Chernivtsi and attended the Gymnasium (grammar school)
* [[Benno Straucher]]
* [[Vasile Tărâțeanu]] (1945–2022), Romanian journalist and writer
* [[Emilian Voiutschi]]
* [[Salo Weisselberger]]
* [[Nazariy Yaremchuk]] (1951–1995), [[Hutsul]] singer
* [[Léon d'Ymbault]] ({{circa|1700}}–1781), mayor

{{div col end}}

== Gallery ==

<gallery class="center" widths="160" heights="130">
File:Chern ratusha.jpg
File:Chern teatr.jpg
File:Реззиденція.jpg
File:Житловий будинок "Корабель" Чернівці.jpg
File:Kościół Najświętszego Serca Pana Jezusa w Czerniowcach (Panorama1).jpg
File:Кафедральний собор православної церкви Московського патріархату.jpg
File:2018 - Вірменська церква у Чернівцях.jpg
File:WLM - 2020 - Миколаївський кафедральний собор (Чернівці).jpg
File:Житловий будинок на Федьковича 27 А.JPG
File:Kobylyanska Street-2018-3.jpg
File:Kobylyanska Street2018-2.jpg
File:St. Michael's Church (Czernowitz).Jpg
File:Поштамт (арх. Ю.Захаревич), м. Чернівці, вул. Поштова, 6.jpg
File:HerrenGasse 150.jpg
File:Героїв Майдану,26 та 28.JPG
</gallery>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* [[Miriam Weiner (genealogist)|Weiner, Miriam]]; [[State Archival Service of Ukraine|Ukrainian State Archives]] (in cooperation with); Moldovan State Archives (in cooperation with) (1999). [https://www.rtrfoundation.org/webart/CHERNEVTSY.pdf "Town Clips: Chernevtsy."] ''[[Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova|Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories]]''. Secaucus, NJ: Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation. p.&nbsp;409. ISBY 978-0-96-565081-6. OCLC 607423469.

== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage|Chernivtsi}}
{{Commons category|Chernivtsi}}
{{Wiktionary}}
{{NIE poster|Czernowitz}}
* [http://0372.com.ua/ Information Portal Chernivtsi]
* {{cite web|url=http://city.cv.ua/english/|title=Main Page|access-date=12 April 2010|work=Chernivtsi City Official Site/English|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926235718/http://www.city.cv.ua/English/|archive-date=26 September 2011|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|url=http://chernivtsy.eu/english/|title=Main Page|access-date=12 December 2009|work=Chernivtsi City Official Site/English(mirror)}}
* [https://cv.locator.ua/?l=en Аn English-language city guide to Chernivsi]
{{Administrative divisions of Ukraine}}
{{Cities in Ukraine}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Chernivtsi| ]]
[[Category:Oblast centers in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Cities of regional significance in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Magdeburg rights]]
[[Category:Bukovina]]
[[Category:Duchy of Bukovina]]
[[Category:Capitals of former Romanian counties]]
[[Category:Ținutul Suceava]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Cities in Chernivtsi Oblast]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Prut]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Market towns in Moldavia]]