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{{Hatnote|This article is about the number. For the years, see [[10 BC]] and [[AD 10]]. For other uses, see [[Ten (disambiguation)]].}}
{{Infobox number
| number        = 10
| numeral       = [[decimal]]
| divisor       = 1, 2, 5, 10
| roman unicode = X, x
| greek prefix  = [[wikt:deca-|deca-]]/[[wikt:deka-|deka-]]
| latin prefix  = [[wikt:deci-|deci-]]
 
|lang1 = [[Chinese numeral]]
|lang1 symbol= 十，拾
|lang2 = [[Hebrew numerals|Hebrew]]
|lang2 symbol= <span style="font-size:150%;">י</span> (Yod)
|lang3 = [[Khmer numerals|Khmer]]
|lang3 symbol= ១០
|lang4=[[Armenian numerals|Armenian]]|lang4 symbol=Ժ|lang5 = [[Tamil numerals|Tamil]]
|lang5 symbol= ௰
|lang6 = [[Thai numerals|Thai]]
|lang6 symbol= ๑๐
|lang7 = [[Devanagari|Devanāgarī]]
|lang7 symbol= १०
|lang8 = [[Santali language|Santali]]
|lang8 symbol= ᱑᱐
|lang9 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|lang9 symbol= ১০
|lang10 = [[Arabic]] & [[Central Kurdish|Kurdish]] & [[Iranian languages|Iranian]]
|lang10 symbol= ١٠
|lang11=[[Malayalam numerals|Malayalam]]
|lang11 symbol=൰
|lang12=[[Egyptian numerals|Egyptian hieroglyph]]|lang12 symbol=<span style="font-size:300%;">𓎆</span>|lang13=[[Babylonian cuneiform numerals|Babylonian numeral]]|lang13 symbol=𒌋}}
'''10''' ('''ten''') is the [[Even and odd numbers|even]] [[natural number]] following [[9]] and preceding [[11 (number)|11]]. Ten is the base of the [[decimal]] [[numeral system]], the most common system of denoting [[numbers]] in both spoken and written language.

== Name==
The number "ten" originates from the [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] root "*tehun", which in turn comes from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root "*dekm-", meaning "ten". This root is the source of similar words for "ten" in many other [[Germanic languages]], like [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[German language|German]], and [[Swedish language|Swedish]]. The use of "ten" in the [[Decimal|decimal system]] is likely due to the fact that humans have ten [[Finger|fingers]] and ten [[Toe|toes]], which people may have used to count by.

==Linguistics==
* A collection of ten items (most often ten years) is called a [[decade]].
* The [[ordinal adjective]] is ''decimal''; the distributive adjective is ''denary''.
* Increasing a quantity by one [[order of magnitude]] is most widely understood to mean multiplying the quantity by ten.
* To reduce something by one tenth is to ''[[wikt:decimate|decimate]]''. (In ancient Rome, the killing of one in ten soldiers in a cohort was the punishment for cowardice or mutiny; or, one-tenth of the able-bodied men in a village as a form of retribution, thus causing a labor shortage and threat of starvation in agrarian societies.)

== Mathematics ==

* 10 is a [[composite number]], the second squarefree [[semiprime]], the fourth [[triangular number]], and a [[happy number]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weisstein |first=Eric W. |title=Happy Number |url=https://mathworld.wolfram.com/HappyNumber.html#:~:text=The%20first%20few%20happy%20numbers,97,%20100,%20... |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=mathworld.wolfram.com |language=en}}</ref>
* 10 is the smallest [[noncototient]] number.<ref>{{Cite web|author= 
N. J. A. Sloane|author-link=Neil Sloane|url=https://oeis.org/A005278|title=A005278: Noncototients|website=[[The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences]]|publisher=[[OEIS Foundation]]|access-date=2016-06-01}}</ref> 
* There are exactly 10 [[Pisot–Vijayaraghavan number#Small Pisot numbers|small Pisot number]]s that do not exceed the [[golden ratio]].<ref>{{cite book | author=M.J. Bertin |author2=A. Decomps-Guilloux |author3=M. Grandet-Hugot |author4=M. Pathiaux-Delefosse |author5=J.P. Schreiber | title=Pisot and Salem Numbers | publisher=Birkhäuser | year=1992 | isbn=3-7643-2648-4 }}</ref>

=== Decagon ===

{{main|Decagon}}

A ten sided polygon is called a '''[[decagon]]'''.

=== List of basic calculations ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; background: white"
! style="width:105px;" |[[Multiplication]]
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!20
!25
!50
!100
!1000
|-
|'''10 × ''x'''''
|'''10'''
|[[20 (number)|20]]
|[[30 (number)|30]]
|[[40 (number)|40]]
|[[50 (number)|50]]
|[[60 (number)|60]]
|[[70 (number)|70]]
|[[80 (number)|80]]
|[[90 (number)|90]]
|[[100 (number)|100]]
|[[110 (number)|110]]
|[[120 (number)|120]]
|[[130 (number)|130]]
|[[140 (number)|140]]
|[[150 (number)|150]]
|[[160 (number)|160]]
|[[200 (number)|200]]
|[[250 (number)|250]]
|[[500 (number)|500]]
|[[1000 (number)|1000]]
|[[10000 (number)|10000]]
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; background: white"
! style="width:105px;" |[[Division (mathematics)|Division]]
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
|-
|'''10 ÷ ''x'''''
|'''10'''
|5
|3.{{overline|3}}
|2.5
|2
|1.{{overline|6}}
|1.{{overline|428571}}
|1.25
|1.{{overline|1}}
|1
|0.{{overline|90}}
|0.8{{overline|3}}
|0.{{overline|769230}}
|0.{{overline|714285}}
|0.{{overline|6}}
|-
|'''''x'' ÷ 10'''
|0.1
|0.2
|0.3
|0.4
|0.5
|0.6
|0.7
|0.8
|0.9
|1
|1.1
|1.2
|1.3
|1.4
|1.5
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; background: white"
! style="width:105px;" |[[Exponentiation]]
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
|-
|'''10{{sup|''x''}}'''
|'''10'''
|[[100 (number)|100]]
|[[1000 (number)|1000]]
|[[10000 (number)|10000]]
|[[100000 (number)|100000]]
|[[1000000 (number)|1000000]]
|[[10000000 (number)|10000000]]
|[[100000000 (number)|100000000]]
|[[1000000000 (number)|1000000000]]
|10000000000
|-
|'''''x''{{sup|10}}'''
|1
|[[1024 (number)|1024]]
|59049
|1048576
|9765625
|60466176
|282475249
|1073741824
|3486784401
|10000000000
|}<!-- This section is basically saying we use base ten numbers. But there may be some bits that are worth saving. Hence commenting out rather than deleting

==List of basic calculations==

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; background: white"
|-
!width="105px"|[[Multiplication]]
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!25
!26
!width="5px"|
!50
!100
!1000
|-
|'''10 × ''x'''''
|'''10'''
|[[20 (number)|20]]
|[[30 (number)|30]]
|[[40 (number)|40]]
|[[50 (number)|50]]
|[[60 (number)|60]]
|[[70 (number)|70]]
|[[80 (number)|80]]
|[[90 (number)|90]]
|[[100 (number)|100]]
|[[110 (number)|110]]
|[[120 (number)|120]]
|[[130 (number)|130]]
|[[140 (number)|140]]
|[[150 (number)|150]]
|[[160 (number)|160]]
|[[170 (number)|170]]
|[[180 (number)|180]]
|[[190 (number)|190]]
|[[200 (number)|200]]
|[[210 (number)|210]]
|[[220 (number)|220]]
|230
|240
|[[250 (number)|250]]
|260
!
|[[500 (number)|500]]
|[[1000 (number)|1000]]
|[[10000 (number)|10000]]
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; background: white"
|-
!width="105px"|[[Division (mathematics)|Division]]
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!width="5px"|
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
|-
|'''10 ÷ ''x'''''
|'''10'''
|5
|3.{{overline|3}}
|2.5
|2
|1.{{overline|6}}
|1.{{overline|428571}}
|1.25
|1.{{overline|1}}
| rowspan="2" |1
!
|0.{{overline|90}}
|0.8{{overline|3}}
|0.{{overline|769230}}
|0.{{overline|714285}}
|0.{{overline|6}}
|-
|'''''x'' ÷ 10'''
|0.1
|0.2
|0.3
|0.4
|0.5
|0.6
|0.7
|0.8
|0.9
!
|1.1
|1.2
|1.3
|1.4
|1.5
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; background: white"
|-
!width="105px"|[[Exponentiation]]
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
|-
|'''10{{sup|''x''}}'''
|'''10'''
|100
|1000
|10000
|[[100000 (number)|100000]]
|[[Million|1000000]]
|[[10000000 (number)|10000000]]
|[[100000000 (number)|100000000]]
|[[1000000000 (number)|1000000000]]
| rowspan="2" |[[10000000000 (number)|10000000000]]
|-
|'''''x''{{sup|10}}'''
|1
|[[1024 (number)|1024]]
|59049
|1048576
|9765625
|60466176
|282475249
|1073741824
|3486784401
|}  -->

==Science==

* The [[metric system]] is based on the number 10, so converting units is done by adding or removing zeros (e.g. 1 [[centimetre]] = 10 [[Millimetre|millimetres]], 1 [[decimetre]] = 10 centimetres, 1 [[Metre|meter]] = 100 centimetres, 1 [[Decametre|dekametre]] = 10 meters, 1 [[kilometre]] = 1,000 meters).
* The 10th [[Chemical element|element]] of the [[periodic table]] is [[neon]].
* The 10th [[transition metal]] is [[zinc]].

== Mysticism ==
[[Image:Tetractys.svg|thumb|200px|The [[tetractys]]]]
In [[Pythagoreanism]], the number 10 played an important role and was symbolized by the [[tetractys]].

==See also==
*{{Portal-inline|Mathematics}}
*[[List of highways numbered 10]]

{{clear right}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wiktionary|ten}}

{{Integers|zero}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:10 (Number)}}
[[Category:Integers]]
[[Category:10 (number)| ]]