View source for Third-rate

{{Short description|Historic category for Royal Navy ships}}
{{about|Royal Navy ships of the line|the adjective meaning that something is of inferior quality|wikt:third-rate|the rating of late Georgian and early Victorian buildings|Building Act 1774}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2017}}
{{no footnotes|date=February 2013}}
[[File:HMSBuckingham.jpg|thumb|[[HMS Buckingham (1751)|HMS ''Buckingham'']], a third-rater, on the stocks before its 1751 [[Ceremonial ship launching|launch]].]]
[[File:Third rate ship-of-the-line 20100306-2.JPG|thumb|A model of a third-rate ship of the line of the [[Navy of the Order of Saint John]] from the late 18th century.]]
In the [[rating system of the Royal Navy]], a '''third-rate''' was a [[ship of the line]] which from the 1720s mounted between 64 and 80 guns, typically built with two [[gun deck]]s (thus the related term [[two-decker]]).

== Rating ==

When the rating system was first established in the 1620s, the third rate was defined as those ships having at least 200 but not more than 300 men; previous to this, the type had been classified as "middling ships". By the 1660s, the means of classification had shifted from the number of men to the number of carriage-mounted guns, and third rates at that time mounted between 48 and 60 guns. By the turn of the century, the criterion boundaries had increased and third rate carried more than 60 guns, with second rates having between 90 and 98 guns, while first rates had 100 guns or more, and [[fourth rate]]s between 48 and 60 guns. By the latter half of the 18th century, they carried between 500 and 720 men.

This designation became especially common because it included the [[Seventy-four (ship)|seventy-four gun ship]], which eventually came to be the most popular size of large ship for navies of several different nations. It was an easier ship to handle than a first- or second-rate ship, but still possessed enough firepower to potentially destroy any single opponent other than a [[three-decker]]. It was also cheaper to operate.

[[File:HMS Melville and Graham Island.jpg|thumb|right|A painting of [[HMS Melville (1817)|HMS ''Melville'' (1817)]], a British third-rate]]

By the end of the 18th century, ships of the line were usually categorized directly by their number of guns, the numbers even being used as the name of the class, as in "a squadron of three 74s", but officially the rating system continued until the end of the [[Age of Sail]], only undergoing a modification in 1817.

Note that the use of terms like "third-rate" in literature can lead to confusion: The French Navy had a different system of five rates or ''rangs'', but some British authors use the Royal Navy's rating of "third rate" when speaking of a French 74.

== Bibliography ==
* Bennett, G. ''The Battle of Trafalgar'', Barnsley (2004). {{ISBN|1-84415-107-7}}.
* Rodger, N.A.M. ''The Command of the Ocean, a Naval History of Britain 1649-1815'', London (2004). {{ISBN|0-7139-9411-8}}.
* Rodger, N.A.M. ''The Command of the Ocean, a Naval History of Britain 1649–1815'', London (2004). {{ISBN|0-7139-9411-8}}
* Winfield, Rif. ''British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1603–1714'', Barnsley (2009) {{ISBN|978-1-84832-040-6}}
* Winfield, Rif. ''British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1714–1792'', Barnsley (2007) {{ISBN|978-1-84415-700-6}}
* Winfield, Rif. ''British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1793–1817'' (2nd edition), Barnsley (2008). {{ISBN|978-1-84415-717-4}}
* Winfield, Rif. ''British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1817–1863'', Barnsley (2014) {{ISBN|978-1-84832-169-4}}.

{{Rating system of the Royal Navy}}

[[Category:Rating system of the Royal Navy|3rd-rate]]