View source for Transport in Israel

{{Short description|none}}
[[File:Siemens Desiro HC Over Ayalon valley railway viaduct 2.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Electric train of Israel railways over the Ayalon valley]]<!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
[[Image:Littleuni 13.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Ayalon Highway]], [[Tel Aviv]]]]
Israel is a highly developed economy in which transportation constitues an integral component in the country's development process.Currently '''Transportation in Israel''' primarily constitutes of nation wide rail transport, bus services, cycling (currently concentrating in the coast) as well as private vehicles. Most work related transportation in Israel is carried out by private motor vehicles, however in recent decades, Israel has prioritised the development of public transportation infrastructure. Cycling infrastructure is still primarily concentrated in the Tel Aviv region while light rail operate currently in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. 

A lack of inland waterways and the small size of the country make air and water transport of only minor importance in domestic transportation, but they are vitally important for Israel's international transport links. Demands of [[Demographics of Israel|population growth]], political factors, the [[Israel Defense Forces]], [[Tourism in Israel|tourism]] and increased [[traffic]] set the pace for all sectors, being a major driver in the [[mobility transition]] towards railways and public transit while moving away from motorized road transport.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jewishpress.com/news/israel/transport-minister-michaeli-we-rank-private-vehicles-as-lowest-priority-pedestrians-highest/2021/10/19/ | title=Transport Minister Michaeli: We Rank Private Vehicles as Lowest Priority, Pedestrians Highest }}</ref>
All facets of transportation in [[Israel]] are under the supervision of the [[Ministry of Transport and Road Safety]].

==Private transportation==
===Roads===
{{Main|Roads in Israel}}
[[File:The route from Jerusalem to Ashdod 01.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Highway 1 (Israel)|Highway 1]]: from Jerusalem to Tel Aviv]]
Israel's road network spans {{convert|18096|km|mi|sp=us}} of roads,<ref name="themarkermag50" /> of which {{convert|449|km|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}} are classified as freeways.<ref name="cia-factbook" /> The network spans the whole country.

[[Highway 6 (Israel)|Route 6]], the Trans Israel Highway, starts just east of Haifa down to the outskirts of Beer Sheva, about {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}}. Route 1 between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv and Route 2 between Tel Aviv and Haifa are well maintained highways. [[Highway 90 (Israel–Palestine)|Route 90]] is the longest road in Israel streaching from [[Metula]] to [[Eilat]] via the [[Jordan Valley]] and [[Arava Valley|Arava]].

===Cycling===
{{main|Cycling in Israel}}
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 21531 Bicycles in Tel Aviv.JPG|thumb|[[Tel-O-Fun]] in Tel Aviv]]
Tel Aviv has a growing network of bike paths, with more than over 360 kilometers (224 miles) existing or planned.<ref name = "bikepaths">{{cite web |url=http://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=April 6, 2021}}</ref> In April 2011, Tel Aviv municipality launched [[Tel-O-Fun]], a [[bicycle sharing system]], in which 150 stations of bicycles for rent were installed within the city limits.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tel-o-fun.co.il/ |publisher=Tel Aviv Municipality |title=Tel-O-Fun |access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> Jerusalem has over 125 kilometers (78 miles) of cycleways, either existing or planned.<ref name = "bikepaths"/> Additionally, Jerusalem also has a bicycle sharing program called Jerufun.

====National Bike Trail====
{{main|Israel National Bike Trail}}
The National Bike Trail, when completed will take riders from the southern city of Eilat to the border with [[Lebanon]], passing though Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and several other cities.<ref name = "bikepaths"/>

====Ofnidan (Greater Tel Aviv Cycle Network)====
{{main|Ofnidan}}
[[File:גשר יהודית 131724.jpg|thumb|The Field Route of the [[Ofnidan|Ofnidan inter-urban cycle network]] passes over Yehudit Bridge in [[Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv-Jaffa]].]]
As of 2021, construction was underway on Ofnidan, a cycle network of seven inter-urban routes connecting the cities of the [[Gush Dan|Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area]], with some segments already open.

== Public transportation ==
In March 2024, Israel launched a reform intended to encourage use of public transport by decreasing prices. The reform includes a 50% discount to those who live on the periphery and not in places with a high income, to disabled. 33% discount will be given to people in the age of 18-26 so that people get used to move on public transport. Discharged soldiers and those who have completed national service will ride for free during one year. The discount will be given only for a "monthly free" arrangement and not for a ticket for a single trip. As the price of public transport in Israel is relatively low, probably more lines, bus lanes and higher frequency can cause even bigger effect.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

=== Bus service ===
[[File:Egged1769.jpg|thumb|Egged articulated bus]]
Buses are the country's main form of public transport. In 2017, bus passenger trips totaled approximately 740 million.<ref name="calcalist1">{{cite news|url=https://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/0,7340,L-3741554,00.html|title=שלוש שנים לפיצוץ גשר מעריב: איפה עומדים פרויקטי התחבורה של ישראל?|trans-title=Three Years After the Ma'ariv Bridge Demolition: What is the Status of Transportation Projects in Israel?|work=[[Calcalist]]|author=Gutman, Lior|date=July 3, 2018|access-date=July 9, 2018|language=he}}</ref> In 2009, 16 companies operated buses for public transport, totaling 5,939 buses and 8,470 drivers. [[Egged (company)|Egged]] is Israel's largest bus company, and operates routes throughout the country.<ref name="2009stats">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3895184,00.html|title=Special: Which Bus Company Provides Acceptable Service|author=Hazelcorn, Shahar|newspaper=[[Ynet]]|date=May 28, 2010|access-date=2010-05-29|language=he}}</ref> Bus routes in some areas are operated by smaller carriers, the largest being the [[Dan Bus Company]], operating routes in [[Gush Dan]]. [[Kavim]] is the next largest.

[[:Category:Bus stations in Israel|Bus stations in Israel]], other than standalone bus stops, come in two types: terminals (''masof'', pl. ''mesofim'') and central stations (''tahana merkazit''). Each terminal serves a number of routes, usually over a dozen, while a central station may serve over a hundred bus routes. The largest central bus terminal in the country is the [[Tel Aviv Central Bus Station]], which is also the second largest bus terminal in the world.

On August 5, 2010, the Ministry of Transport opened a website that contained information about public bus and train routes in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=משרד התחבורה מידע לנוסע |url=https://www.bus.gov.il/ |access-date=2012-05-13 |website=www.bus.gov.il}}</ref> Previously, information was given only by the individual public transit operators.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3930960,00.html|title = הגיע הזמן: הוקם אתר מידע לתחבורה ציבורית|newspaper = Ynet|date = 5 August 2010}}</ref>

==== Bus rapid transit ====
Israel has one [[bus rapid transit]] system in [[Haifa]], called the [[Metronit]], which consists of three lines connecting Haifa to its suburbs. In addition, there are BRT feeder lines to the [[Jerusalem Light Rail]], running on dedicated bus lanes from Southern Jerusalem to the Northern Jerusalem neighborhood of Ramot crossing the light rail line at the intersection of Jaffa and King George Streets.

=== Share taxis ===
Israel also has a [[share taxi]] service ({{langx|he|שירות}}, ''sherut''), run by several private companies, depending on location, in addition to regular taxicab services. The shared ''sherut'' service usually appears a yellow minivans and travel along the same path as the normal buses with identical route numbers. For a slightly higher price, the shared ''sherut'' service allows passengers to both hop on and hop off anywhere along the path of travel. During peak travel, often the time of travel can be shortened as the number of passengers is significantly small compared to normal bus services. Some routes continue to travel through the night and on Shabbat providing transport needs to the population when normal buses services cease. The beginning and end of the ''sherut'' vans may differ from the central bus station and on the weekends and evenings, the routes can also be altered for some services.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} In 2015, share taxis carried 34.7 million passengers, 15.2 million of which were transported on city routes, with the rest going to suburban and inter-city routes.<ref name="themarket-sherut">{{cite news|url=http://www.themarker.com/dynamo/1.4104064|title=רפורמה במוניות השירות: משרד התחבורה יציג כ-100 קווים חדשים|trans-title=Share Taxi Reform: Transportation Ministry to Introduce About 100 New Lines|author=Dori, Oren|work=[[TheMarker]]|date=May 18, 2017|access-date=May 23, 2017|language=he}}</ref>

=== Private taxis ===
[[File:PikiWiki Israel 50638 central bus station tel aviv.jpg|thumb|Modern Israeli buses used by the [[Dan Bus Company]]]]
[[Taxicab|Taxis]], often called "special taxis" ({{langx|he|ספיישל}}) in Israel, to distinguish them from share taxis, are regulated by the Ministry of Transport. Aside from individual taxi companies, [[Gett]] is the primary digital taxi hailing service in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=backpackisrael |date=2019-02-28 |title=Full Guide to Public Transportation in Israel |url=https://backpackisrael.com/full-guide-to-public-transportation-in-israel/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=Backpack Israel |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2017, approximately 90 million rides were made using taxis.<ref name="calcalist1" />

== Railways==
{{main|Rail transport in Israel}}
{{See also|Israel Railways}}
* [[File:Siemens Desiro HC Israel Shaalavim 1.jpg|thumb|[[Siemens Desiro]], the main locomotive of Israel's electric train fleet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BATRAK |first=OLEKSANDR |date=2024-01-24 |title=Israel continues to modernize its railway fleet |url=https://www.railway.supply/en/israel-continues-to-modernize-its-railway-fleet/ |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Railway Supply |language=en-US}}</ref>]]Total: 1,511&nbsp;km {{RailGauge|1435mm}} ([[standard gauge]]). In 2017 there were over 64 million passenger rides taken.<ref name="ir-report-2017">{{cite web|url=https://www.rail.co.il/support/Documents/דוח%20%20חוק%20חופש%20המידע%20חחמ%202017.pdf|title=Annual Report, 2017|author=Weissman, Shahar|publisher=[[Israel Railways]]|pages=22–24|language=he|access-date=July 7, 2018}}</ref><ref name="israel-cbs-2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/doclib/2023/19.shnatontransportandroadsafety/st19_03.pdf|title=Table 19.3 – Railway Services|work=Statistical Abstract of Israel 74|publisher=[[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]]|date=September 13, 2023|accessdate=November 26, 2023}}</ref>
Many of Israel's railway lines were constructed before the [[Declaration of Independence (Israel)|founding of the state]] during [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] and [[Mandatory Palestine|British]] rule. The first line was the [[Jaffa–Jerusalem railway]], followed by the [[Jezreel Valley railway]], which formed part of the greater [[Hejaz railway]]. [[World War I]] brought the creation of multiple new lines out of military needs: Portions of what is now [[Coastal railway line, Israel|the Coastal railway]] were built simultaneously by the Turkish and British and later merged during the British Mandate. [[Railway to Beersheba|Southern lines]] were also built by the warring states—from the north by the Ottomans, and from [[Rafah]] in the west by the British.
[[File:תחנת הרכבת ירושלים – יצחק נבון, ינואר 2024 04.jpg|thumb|Yitzhak Navon train station, [[Jerusalem]]. ]]
Beginning in the mid-1960s, railway development stagnated, and a number of lines (notably, the Jezreel Valley railway and most of the [[Eastern Railway (Israel)|Eastern railway]]) were abandoned altogether.  Development restarted in the 1990s, the opening of [[Tel Aviv]]'s Ayalon railway in 1993 signaling a new era of rail development. Lines under construction in the 2000s include the [[high-speed railway to Jerusalem]], an extension of the coastal railway directly from Tel Aviv to [[Ashdod]] through the northern [[Shephelah]], and a line from [[Ashkelon]] to [[Beersheba]] via [[Sderot]], [[Netivot]] and [[Ofakim]], as well as a complete reconstruction of the line from [[Lod]] to Beersheba. These and other extensive infrastructure improvements led to a 20-fold increase in the number of passengers served by Israel Railways between 1990 and 2015.

After numerous delays due to the complexity of the project, a new line between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem opened in 2019. This line is the first electrified railway ever built in the country. Israel Railways has ordered [[Bombardier Traxx]] electric locomotives for use on this line and for other lines to be converted to electric operation. All existing and future electrified mainline railways in Israel use 25 kV 50&nbsp;Hz overhead electrification.

The [[2023 G20 New Delhi summit]] proposals included a transit corridor connecting India to the Middle East and Europe through Israel which had been part of earlier Israeli plans designed by [[Israel Katz]], a government transit minister.<ref>Herb Keinon. (10 September 2023). "Israel as a regional transport hub: Could this pipe dream come true? - analysis". [https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-758409 Jerusalem Post website]  Retrieved 11 September 2023.</ref>

===Light rail/Metro===
[[File:P1020134 Rame sur Jaffa street.JPG|thumb|right|[[Jerusalem Light Rail]] tram on Jaffa Road in Jerusalem]]
The 13-kilometre-long [[Jerusalem Light Rail]] system began operation in August 2011 and is being extended. The [[Tel Aviv Light Rail]], serving Tel Aviv and surrounding cities, has opened its first line, the [[Red Line (Tel Aviv Light Rail)|Red Line]], in August 2023. A significant portion of it is underground, and two other lines are underway, the [[Green Line (Tel Aviv Light Rail)|Green Line]] and [[Purple Line (Tel Aviv Light Rail)|Purple Line]]. A small portion of the Green Line will be underground while the Purple Line will be entirely above-ground. In addition, the [[Tel Aviv Metro]], a subway system which will serve Tel Aviv and neighboring cities in the [[Gush Dan]] area, is planned. It will consist of three lines labelled M1, M2, and M3. The first public opening is expected to occur in 2032.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burroughs |first=David |date=2023-08-18 |title=Tel Aviv Red Line opens |url=https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/light-rail/tel-aviv-red-line-opens/ |access-date=2023-08-27 |website=International Railway Journal |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>[https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/hkgkpgqtd מרימים לתחתית: פרויקט המטרו של גוש דן | תמונת מצב]</ref>

Haifa's [[Carmelit]], an underground [[funicular railway]], was Israel's first subway line. It is listed in ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' as the shortest subway system in the world, being the second smallest track network (after the [[Tünel]] in [[Istanbul]],) but being the smallest "system" by virtue of being the only urban rail network in the city. The [[Haifa–Nazareth railway]], a planned light rail system from [[Haifa]] to [[Nazareth]], which will serve numerous cities and towns along the route, is planned to open in 2025. In August 2023, the construction of the [[Beersheba Light Rail]] was approved. The system will serve the city of Beersheba, as well as several towns and a military base near the city. It is expected to be completed in 2033.<ref>[https://www.railjournal.com/regions/middle-east/beer-sheva-light-rail-project-to-proceed/ Be’er Sheva light rail project to proceed]</ref>

===Israel Public Transportation Statistics===
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Israel, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 70 min. 22% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 16 min, while 25% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 13.6&nbsp;km, while 29.% travel for over 12&nbsp;km in a single direction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Israel Public Transportation Statistics|publisher= Global Public Transit Index by Moovit|url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Israel_Israel-1|access-date=June 19, 2017}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>

== Air transport ==
[[File:16-03-30-Ben Gurion International Airport-RalfR-DSCF7546.jpg|thumb|right|Arrivals hall at Ben Gurion International Airport's Terminal 3]]
Israel [[List of airports in Israel|has 47 airports]], the largest are [[Ben Gurion Airport]] (TLV) located near [[Tel Aviv]], [[Ramon Airport]]  serving [[Eilat]] and [[Uri Michaeli Haifa International Airport]]. In 2017, Ben Gurion Airport handled nearly 21 million passengers and was the busiest airport in the Eastern Mediterranean in terms of international passengers served. Non-stop flights from Israel travel to [[North America]], [[Europe]], [[Africa]], the [[Far East]], and neighboring countries in the [[Middle East]]. Scheduled domestic air service is available between Tel Aviv's Ben Gurion Airport and Haifa, [[Rosh Pina Airport|Rosh Pina]], the [[Golan Heights]], and the southern city of [[Eilat]]. Some international charter and low cost flights also land at [[Eilat Ramon Airport]]. [[Ramon Airport]] opened in 2019 20&nbsp;km north of Eilat replacing the existing Uvda and Eilat airports. While Uvda reverted to its use as a military airbase upon the opening of Ramon Airport, the old Eilat "city" airport was shut down with the land to be redeveloped.

According to the [[Civil Aviation Authority of Israel|Israel Civil Aviation Authority]], as of 2012, Israel's civil aircraft fleet consisted of 59 aircraft; 56 passenger planes, and 3 freighters. 48 of these were [[Boeing]] jets, 2 [[Airbus]], 8 turbo-prop produced by [[ATR (aviation)|ATR]], and 1 [[Embraer]] jet. Israeli airlines ordered another 2 Embraer jets, 1 ATR airplane, 5 Airbus jets, and 10 Boeing jets, a total of 18 aircraft. It is estimated that Israeli airlines will have 65-70 craft in 2017–2018.<ref>[http://www.port2port.com/Index.asp?CategoryID=44&ArticleID=1691 PORT2PORT - Israel's Trade Portal<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715105129/http://www.port2port.com/Index.asp?CategoryID=44&ArticleID=1691 |date=2011-07-15 }}</ref> Airlines include [[El Al]], [[Sun D'Or]], [[Arkia]] and [[Israir Airlines]]. Boeing estimates that 60-80 new aircraft will be purchased by Israeli airlines over the next 20 years.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/02/11/221434/israel-special-flag-carrier-el-al-thrives-despite-high-fuel-costs-and-competition.html Israel special – Flag carrier El Al thrives despite high fuel costs and competition<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

Israel has 29 airports with paved runways,<ref name="cia-factbook" /> 18 unpaved landing strips,<ref name="cia-factbook">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/ The World Factbook]</ref> and 3 heliports.<ref name="cia-factbook" />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 100%" width= align=
|+ '''Busiest non-stop destinations by country from Ben Gurion Airport''' (2017)<ref name="IAAreports">{{cite web|title=IAA Periodic Activity Reports for Ben Gurion Airport|url=http://brin.iaa.gov.il/monthlyreport|website=IAA Website|publisher=[[Israel Airports Authority]]|access-date=July 14, 2018}}</ref>
|-
! Rank
! Country
! Passengers
! Top Carriers
|-
| 1
| {{flag|Turkey}}
| 1.99 million
| [[AtlasGlobal]], [[Pegasus Airlines|Pegasus]], [[Turkish Airlines|Turkish]]
|-
| 2
| {{flag|United States}}
| 1.54 million
| [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]], [[El Al]], [[United Airlines|United]]
|-
| 3
| {{flag|Germany}}
| 1.42 million
| [[Air Berlin]], [[Arkia]], [[EasyJet]], [[El Al]], [[Germania (airline)|Germania]], [[Germanwings]], [[Israir Airlines|Israir]], [[Lufthansa]], [[Ryanair]], [[Sun d'Or International Airlines|Sun D'or]], [[TUIfly]]
|-
| 4
| {{flag|France}}
| 1.24 million
| [[Aigle Azur]], [[Air France]], [[Air Mediterranee]], [[Arkia]], [[EasyJet]], [[El Al]], [[Israir Airlines|Israir]], [[Sun d'Or International Airlines|Sun D'or]], [[Transavia France|Transavia]], [[XL Airways France|XL Airways]]
|-
| 5
| {{flag|Russia}}
| 1.22 million
| [[Aeroflot]], [[Arkia]], [[Donavia]], [[El Al]], [[Israir Airlines|Israir]], [[Kuban Airlines]], [[Orenair]], [[Rossiya Airlines]], [[RusLine]], [[Tatarstan Airlines]], [[Transaero Airlines|Transaero]], [[Ural Airlines]], [[UTair Aviation]]
|-
| 6
| {{flag|Italy}}
| 1.18 million
| [[Alitalia]], [[Arkia]], [[EasyJet]], [[El Al]], [[Israir Airlines|Israir]], [[Meridiana]], [[Mistral Air]], [[Neos (airline)|Neos]], [[Ryanair]], [[Small Planet Airlines|Small Planet]], [[Sun d'Or International Airlines|Sun D'or]], [[Vueling]]
|-
| 7
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| 1.15 million
| [[Arkia]], [[British Airways]], [[EasyJet]], [[El Al]], [[Israir Airlines|Israir]], [[Wizz Air]]
|-
| 8
| {{flag|Greece}}
| 1.15 million
| [[Aegean Airlines|Aegean]], [[Arkia]], [[Alitalia]], [[El Al]], [[Israir Airlines|Israir]], [[Neos (airline)|Neos]], [[Sun d'Or International Airlines|Sun D'or]]
|-
| 9
|{{flag|Spain}}
| 897,488
| [[Air Europa]], [[Arkia]], [[El Al]], [[Iberia]], [[Israir Airlines|Israir]], [[Norwegian Air Shuttle|Norwegian]], [[Sun d'Or International Airlines|Sun D'or]], [[Vueling Airlines]]
|-
| 10
| {{flag|Ukraine}}
| 843,442
| [[El Al]], [[Sun d'Or International Airlines|Sun D'or]], [[Ukraine International Airlines|Ukraine International]], [[Yanair]]
|-
| 11
| {{flag|Switzerland}}
| 653,496
| [[Arkia]], [[EasyJet Switzerland|EasyJet]], [[El Al]], [[Swiss International Air Lines|Swiss]]
|-
| 12
| {{flag|Romania}}
| 694,122
| [[Air Bucharest]], [[Arkia]], [[Blue Air]], [[El Al]], [[TAROM]], [[Wizz Air]]
|-
| 13
| {{flag|Cyprus}}
| 603,694
| [[Aegean Airlines|Aegean]], [[Arkia]], [[Ayit Aviation and Tourism|Ayit]], [[Cobalt Air]], [[Cyprus Airways]], [[El Al]], [[Israir Airlines|Israir]], [[Ryanair]], [[Tus Airways]]
|-
| 14
| {{flag|Poland}}
| 599,632
| [[El Al]], [[Israir Airlines|Israir]], [[LOT Polish Airlines|LOT]], [[Ryanair]], [[Small Planet Airlines (Poland)|Small Planet]], [[Sun d'Or]], [[Travel Service (airline)|Travel Service]], [[Wizz Air]]
|-
| 15
| {{flag|Israel}} <small>(domestic)</small>
| 580,191
| [[Arkia]], [[El Al]], [[Israir Airlines|Israir]]
|}

== Ports and harbors ==

=== Mediterranean Sea ===
[[File:Haifa 6666-1.jpg|thumb|Ships in Haifa port]]
* [[Ashdod Port]]
* [[Port of Haifa|Haifa Port]]

=== Red Sea ===
On the [[Gulf of Eilat]]:
* [[Port of Eilat|Eilat Port]]

== Merchant marine ==
* Total: 18 ships (with a tonnage of {{GT|1,000|disp=long}} or over) totaling {{GT|716,382}}/{{DWT|845,053|metric|disp=long}}
* Ships by type: [[Cargo ship]] 1, [[Chemical tanker]] 1, [[Container ship]] 16 (2006)
Many ships owned and operated by Israeli companies operate under foreign [[Flag of convenience|registries]]. Israel's [[Zim Integrated Shipping Services]] is one of the largest shipping companies in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alphaliner.axsmarine.com/PublicTop100/|title=Public Top 100|website=alphaliner.axsmarine.com|access-date=2017-09-20}}</ref>

== Cable cars ==
[[File:ManaraCableCar.jpg|thumb|250px|Israel's longest cable car – the [[Menara, Israel|Manara Cliffs]] cable car]]
There are six tourist and leisure oriented cable car systems in Israel. These include the cable car in [[Haifa]] connecting Bat Galim on the coast to the Stella Maris [[Deck (building)|observation deck]] and monastery atop Mount Carmel.,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~bazlov/israel/haifa.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119220607/http://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~bazlov/israel/haifa.html |archive-date=2008-01-19 |title=Haifa |publisher=[[Weizmann Institute of Science|Weizmann Institute]] |access-date=2008-02-22}}</ref> the cable car in [[Kiryat Shmona]], linking it to [[Menara, Israel|Menara]] 400 meters above the town, the [[chairlift]]s and [[Aerial lift|cable cars]] in the [[Mount Hermon ski resort]] in the [[Golan Heights]], the cable car to [[Masada]], near the [[Dead Sea]], enabling tourists to quickly reach the mountain top site, and the cable car at the [[Rosh HaNikra grottoes]] site, going down to the chalk cliff and cavernous tunnels on the [[Mediterranean]] coast. In addition to that, the Superland amusement park near [[Rishon LeZion]] has its own cable car and a public transport-oriented cable car is being developed in [[Haifa]]—the [[Cable cars in Haifa (disambiguation)|Haifa Cable Car]].
[[File:נסיעת הרצה ברכבלית בחיפה (5) 103.jpg|thumb|255x255px|The "Rakbalit", in [[Haifa]]]]
Additional future plans include a system in western Haifa, and systems in [[Tiberias]], [[Ma'alot-Tarshiha]], [[Jerusalem]] and [[Ma'ale Adumim]].<ref name="cablecars-israelhayom" >{{cite web|url=http://www.israelhayom.co.il/article/515289|title=כל הארץ רכבלים|trans-title=The Entire Country is Cable Cars|author=Getanyo, Ilan|work=[[Israel HaYom]]|date=November 14, 2017|access-date=December 1, 2017|language=he}}</ref>

== Segway ==
In 2006, the [[Segway PT|Segway]] scooter was approved for use on sidewalks and other pedestrian designated locations, as well as roads that have no sidewalks, obstructed sidewalks or sidewalks lacking [[curb cuts]]. The user must be over 16 years old. No license is required. The maximum allowed speed is {{convert|13|km/h|abbr=on}}, enforced by electronic restriction put in place by the importer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsa.gov.il/TeachingCenter/law/Documents/TrafficLaw1961/P230_011a.doc |title=Transportation regulations |publisher=rsa.gov.il |access-date=2009-10-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612082203/http://www.rsa.gov.il/TeachingCenter/law/Documents/TrafficLaw1961/P230_011a.doc |archive-date=June 12, 2009 }}</ref> Companies offering tours of [[Jerusalem]]  use the second generation i2 model, equipped with Lean Steer Technology that facilitates ski-like steering.<ref>[http://www.segwayz.co.il/home/doc.aspx?mCatID=68358 Segwayz, Green Tour of Jerusalem] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721140333/http://www.segwayz.co.il/home/doc.aspx?mCatID=68358 |date=2011-07-21 }}</ref>

== Academia ==
Currently in Israel there are a few research facilties that research the transportation field, its philosophy and impacts. The [[Technion – Israel Institute of Technology|Technion - Israel institute of technology]] houses the fair transport lab headed by [[Karel Martens (transport planner)|Karel Martens]] which specializes in the field of transport justice.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2022-11-21 |title=In Israel, the car is still king |url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-in-israel-the-car-is-still-king-1001430449 |access-date=2025-05-30 |work=Globes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fair Transport Lab – Exploring justice of transport systems |url=https://fairtransport.technion.ac.il/ |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=fairtransport.technion.ac.il |language=en-US}}</ref> In the Technion are also the T-SMART Lab (Smart Transportation Systems), the Transportation Infrastructure Laboratory, the Mobility Management Research Center, and the Road Safety Research Center'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Transportation Research Institute {{!}} Home page |url=https://tri-technion.com/ |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=tri-technion.com}}</ref> Furthermore, the Technion and [[Bar-Ilan University|Bar Ilan university]] cojointly run the Israel Smart Transportation Research Center (ISTRC) headed by Yoram Shiftan and is supported directly by the Prime Minister’s Smart Mobility Initiative and the Council for Higher Education.<ref>https://istrc.net.technion.ac.il</ref> Furthermore, conferences on transportation are organized by Transport Today & Tomorrow - The Israeli Organization for Sustainable Transportation.<ref name=":0" /> In [[Tel Aviv University|Tel Aviv university]] is located the Shlomo Shmeltzer Institute for Smart Transportation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shlomo Shmeltzer Institute for Smart Transportation |url=https://en-engineering.tau.ac.il/Shlomo_Shmeltzer_Institute_for_Smart_Transportation |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=en-engineering.tau.ac.il |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also==
* [[Plug-in electric vehicles in Israel]]

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="themarkermag50">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[The Marker]] Magazine|date=October 2010|page=50|title=Too Narrow to Contain|author=Bar'eli, Avi|language=he}}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.mot.gov.il/wps/portal/!ut/p/.cmd/cs/.ce/7_0_A/.s/7_0_64T/_s.7_0_A/7_0_64T Ministry of Transport]
* [http://www.transportation.org.il/ Transport Today and Tomorrow]

{{Transportation in Israel}}
{{Asia topic|Transport in}}
{{Israel topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Israel}}
[[Category:Transport in Israel| ]]