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{{Short description|1938 film by Howard Hawks}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = Bringing Up Baby
| image          = Bringing Up Baby (1938 poster).jpg
| caption        = Theatrical release poster
| producer       = {{ubl|[[Cliff Reid]]|Howard Hawks}}
| director       = [[Howard Hawks]]
| screenplay     = {{ubl|[[Dudley Nichols]]|[[Hagar Wilde]]|}}
| story          = Hagar Wilde
| based_on       = {{Based on|''Bringing Up Baby''<br>1937 short story in ''[[Collier's]]''|Hagar Wilde}}
| starring       = {{ubl|[[Katharine Hepburn]]|[[Cary Grant]]|[[Charles Ruggles]]|[[Barry Fitzgerald]]|[[May Robson]]|[[Walter Catlett]]|[[Fritz Feld]]}}
| music          = [[Roy Webb]]
| cinematography = [[Russell Metty]]
| editing        = [[George Hively]]
| studio         = [[RKO Radio Pictures]]
| distributor    = RKO Radio Pictures
| released       = {{Film date|1938|2|16|[[Golden Gate Theatre]]||ref1={{sfn|Hanson|1993|p=235}}}}
| runtime        = 102 minutes
| country        = United States
| language       = English
| budget         = $1.1 million
| gross          = $1.1 million
}}

'''''Bringing Up Baby''''' is a 1938 American [[screwball comedy]] film directed by [[Howard Hawks]], and starring [[Katharine Hepburn]] and [[Cary Grant]]. It was released by [[RKO Pictures|RKO Radio Pictures]]. The film tells the story of a [[paleontologist]] in a number of predicaments involving a scatterbrained heiress and a [[leopard]] named Baby. The screenplay was adapted by [[Dudley Nichols]] and [[Hagar Wilde]] from a short story by Wilde which originally appeared in ''[[Collier's Weekly]]'' magazine on April 10, 1937.

The script was written specifically for Hepburn, and tailored to her personality. Filming began in September 1937 and wrapped in January 1938, over schedule and over budget. Production was frequently delayed by Hepburn and Grant's uncontrollable laughing fits. Hepburn struggled with her comedic performance and was coached by another cast member, vaudeville veteran [[Walter Catlett]]. A tame leopard named Nissa was used during the shooting and played two roles in the film; Nissa's trainer stood off-screen with a whip for all of its scenes.

''Bringing Up Baby'' was a [[Commercial flop|box-office bomb]] upon its release, although it eventually made a small profit after its re-release in the early 1940s. Shortly after the film's premiere, Hepburn was one of a group of actors labeled as "[[Box Office Poison (magazine article)|box office poison]]" by the Independent Theatre Owners of America. Her career waned until ''[[The Philadelphia Story (film)|The Philadelphia Story]]'' two years later. The film's reputation began to grow during the 1950s when it was shown on television.

Since then, the film has gained acclaim from both critics and audiences for its zany antics and pratfalls, absurd situations and misunderstandings, comic timing, completely screwball cast, series of lunatic and hare-brained misadventures, disasters, light-hearted surprises and romantic comedy.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Bringing Up Baby (1938)|url = http://www.filmsite.org/brin.html|website = www.filmsite.org|access-date = February 8, 2016}}</ref>

In 1990, ''Bringing Up Baby'' was selected for preservation in the [[National Film Registry]] of the [[Library of Congress]] as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant,"<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gamarekian|first1=Barbara|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/19/movies/library-of-congress-adds-25-titles-to-national-film-registry.html|title=Library of Congress Adds 25 Titles to National Film Registry|date=1990-10-19|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-04-23|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Complete National Film Registry Listing |url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/|website=Library of Congress|access-date=2020-05-28}}</ref> and it has appeared on a number of [[list of films considered the best|greatest-films lists]], ranking 88th on the [[American Film Institute]]'s [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|100 greatest American films of all time]] list.

==Plot==
David Huxley is a mild-mannered [[Paleontology|paleontologist]]. For the past four years, he has been assembling the skeleton of a ''[[Brontosaurus]]'' but is missing one bone: the "intercostal [[clavicle]]."  Adding to his stress is his impending marriage to Alice Swallow and the need to impress Elizabeth Random, who is considering a million-dollar donation to his museum.

The day before his wedding, David meets Susan Vance by chance on a golf course. She plays his ball, but she is oblivious to the fact that she has made a mistake. Susan is a free-spirited, somewhat scatterbrained, young lady, unfettered by logic. These qualities soon embroil David in several frustrating incidents.

Susan's brother Mark has sent her a tame [[leopard]] named Baby from [[Brazil]]. Its tameness is helped by hearing the song "[[I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby]]". Susan thinks David is a [[zoologist]], and manipulates him into accompanying her in taking Baby to her farm in Connecticut. Complications arise when Susan falls in love with him, and she tries to keep him at her house as long as possible, even hiding his clothes, to prevent his imminent marriage.

David's prized intercostal clavicle is delivered, but Susan's aunt's dog George takes it and buries it somewhere. When Susan's aunt arrives, she discovers David in a negligee. To David's dismay, she turns out to be Elizabeth Random. A second message from Mark makes clear the leopard is for Elizabeth, as she always wanted one. Baby and George, who have befriended one another, run off. The zoo is called to help capture Baby. Susan and David race to find Baby before the zookeepers do and, mistaking a dangerous leopard from a nearby circus for Baby, they let it out of its cage.

[[File:Grant Hepburn Bringing up baby.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Cary Grant and Katharine Hepburn in adjacent jail cells|David and Susan in jail]]
David and Susan are jailed by a befuddled town policeman, Constable Slocum, for acting strangely at the house of Dr. Fritz Lehman, where they have cornered the circus leopard, thinking it is Baby. When Slocum does not believe their story, Susan tells him they are members of the "Leopard Gang"; she calls herself "Swingin' Door Susie," and David "Jerry the Nipper."{{Efn|"Jerry the Nipper" was Irene Dunne's character's nickname for Grant's character in ''[[The Awful Truth]]'', which also featured Asta}}  Eventually, when everyone's identity has been cleared up, Susan
(who earlier escaped out a window) returns, dragging a leopard on a rope. When it is revealed that this is not Baby but the highly irritated circus leopard, David saves Susan, using a chair to shoo the big cat into a cell.

Some time later, Susan finds David, who has been jilted by Alice because of her, on a high platform working on his ''Brontosaurus'' reconstruction at the museum. After showing him the missing bone which she found by trailing George for three days, Susan, against his warnings, climbs a tall ladder next to the dinosaur to be closer to him. She tells David that her aunt has given her the million dollars, and she wants to donate it to the museum, but David is more interested in telling her that the day spent with her was the best day of his life. They declare their love for each other, and Susan, distracted by the moment, unconsciously swings the ladder from side to side. As they talk, and the ladder sways more and more with each swing, Susan and David finally notice that Susan is in danger. Frightened, she climbs onto the skeleton, eventually causing it to collapse. David grabs her hand before she falls, lifts her onto the platform, and halfheartedly complains about the loss of his years of work on his ''Brontosaurus'' as she talks him into forgiving her. Resigning himself to a future of chaos, David embraces Susan.

==Cast==
{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
* [[Katharine Hepburn]] as Susan Vance
* [[Cary Grant]] as Dr. David Huxley (alias Mr. Bone)
* [[May Robson]] as Elizabeth Carlton Random, Susan's aunt
* [[Charles Ruggles]] as Major Horace Applegate, a big-game hunter
* [[Walter Catlett]] as Constable Slocum
* [[Barry Fitzgerald]] as Aloysius Gogarty, Mrs. Random's gardener
* [[Fritz Feld]] as Dr. Fritz Lehman, an affluent psychiatrist
* [[Virginia Walker]] as Alice Swallow, David's fiancée
* [[George Irving (American actor)|George Irving]] as Alexander Peabody, Mrs. Random's lawyer
* [[Leona Roberts]] as Hannah Gogarty, Aloysius's wife and Mrs. Random's servant
* [[Tala Birell]] as Mrs. Lehman, Dr. Lehman's wife
* [[John Kelly (actor, born 1901)|John Kelly]] as Elmer, Constable Slocum's assistant
{{col-break|gap=4em}}
'''Uncredited'''
* [[D'Arcy Corrigan]] as Professor LaTouche
* [[Billy Bevan]] as Tom, the barkeeper
* [[Billy Franey]] as the butcher
* [[Billy Benedict]] as David's caddy
* [[Dick Lane (TV announcer)|Dick Lane]] as the circus manager
* [[Ward Bond]] as a motorcycle policeman
* [[Jack Carson]] as a circus roustabout

'''Animals'''
* [[Skippy (dog)|Skippy]] as George, Mrs. Random's dog
* Nissa as Baby and the circus leopard
{{col-end}}

==Production==

===Development and writing===
[[File:Hawks portrait crop.png|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Director [[Howard Hawks]] began working on the film after plans to adapt ''[[Gunga Din]]'' were delayed.]]
In March 1937, Howard Hawks signed a contract at RKO for an adaptation of [[Rudyard Kipling]]'s ''[[Gunga Din]]'', which had been in pre-production since the previous fall. When RKO was unable to borrow [[Clark Gable]], [[Spencer Tracy]] and [[Franchot Tone]] from [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] for the film and the adaptation of ''Gunga Din'' was delayed, Hawks began looking for a new project. In April 1937, he read a short story by [[Hagar Wilde]] in ''Collier's'' magazine called "Bringing Up Baby" and immediately wanted to make a film from it,{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=4}} remembering that it made him laugh out loud.{{sfn|Eliot|2004|p=175}} RKO bought the screen rights in June{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=5}} for $1,004, and Hawks worked briefly with Wilde on the film's treatment.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=246}} Wilde's short story differed significantly from the film: David and Susan are engaged, he is not a scientist and there is no dinosaur, intercostal clavicle or museum. However, Susan gets a pet panther from her brother Mark to give to their Aunt Elizabeth; David and Susan must capture the panther in the Connecticut wilderness with the help of Baby's favorite song, "I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby".{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=5}}

Hawks then hired screenwriter [[Dudley Nichols]], best known for his work with director [[John Ford]], for the script. Wilde would develop the characters and comedic elements of the script, while Nichols would take care of the story and structure. Hawks worked with the two writers during summer 1937, and they came up with a 202-page script.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=247}} Wilde and Nichols wrote several drafts together, beginning a romantic relationship and co-authoring the [[Fred Astaire]] and [[Ginger Rogers]] film ''[[Carefree (film)|Carefree]]'' a few months later.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=5}} The ''Bringing Up Baby'' script underwent several changes, and at one point there was an elaborate pie fight, inspired by [[Mack Sennett]] films. Major Applegate had an assistant and food taster named Ali (which was intended to be played by [[Mischa Auer]]), but this character was replaced with Aloysius Gogarty. The script's final draft had several scenes in the middle of the film in which David and Susan declare their love for each other which Hawks cut  during production.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=6}}

Nichols was instructed to write the film for Hepburn, with whom he had worked on John Ford's ''[[Mary of Scotland (film)|Mary of Scotland]]'' (1936).{{sfn|Leaming|1995|p=348}} Barbara Leaming alleged that Ford had an affair with Hepburn, and claims that many of the characteristics of Susan and David were based on Hepburn and Ford.{{sfn|Leaming|1995|pp=348–349}} Nichols was in touch with Ford during the screenwriting, and the film included such members of the [[John Ford Stock Company]] as [[Ward Bond]], [[Barry Fitzgerald]], [[D'Arcy Corrigan]] and associate producer [[Cliff Reid]].{{sfn|Leaming|1995|pp=348–9}} John Ford was a friend of Hawks, and visited the set. The round glasses Grant wears in the film are reminiscent of Harold Lloyd and of Ford.{{sfn|Leaming|1995|p=349}}

Filming was scheduled to begin on September 1, 1937 and wrap on October 31, but was delayed for several reasons. Production had to wait until mid-September to clear the rights for "I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby" for $1,000. In August, Hawks hired gag writers [[Robert A. McGowan|Robert McGowan]] and [[Gertrude Purcell]]{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=29}} for uncredited script rewrites, and McGowan added a scene inspired by the comic strip ''[[Harold Knerr#Dinglehoofer und His Dog Adolph|Professor Dinglehoofer and his Dog]]'' in which a dog buries a rare dinosaur bone.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=6}} RKO paid [[King Features]] $1,000 to use the idea for the film on September 21.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=7}}

====Unscripted ad-lib by Grant====
It has been debated whether ''Bringing Up Baby'' is the first fictional work (apart from [[pornography]]) to use the word ''[[gay]]'' in a [[homosexual]] context.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/exhibits/censored/film.html |title=Censored Films and Television at University of Virginia online |publisher=University of Virginia Library |access-date=March 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003143835/http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/exhibits/censored/film.html |archive-date=October 3, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>{{sfn|Boswell|2009|p=43}} In one scene, Cary Grant's character is wearing a woman's [[Marabou (fashion)|marabou]]-trimmed [[négligée]]; when asked why, he replies exasperatedly "Because I just went gay all of a sudden!" (leaping into the air at the word ''gay''). As the term ''gay'' was not widely familiar to the general public until the [[Stonewall riots]] in 1969,{{sfn|Russo|1987|p=47}} it is questioned whether the word is used by Grant in its original sense (meaning "happy")<ref name="Gay">{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=gay |last=Harper |first=Douglas |author-link=Douglas Harper |title=Gay |work=Online Etymology dictionary |date=2001–2013 }}</ref> or is an intentional, joking reference to homosexuality.<ref name="Gay"/>

The line in the film was an [[Ad libitum|ad-lib]] by Grant, and was not in the script.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=8}} According to [[Vito Russo]] in ''[[The Celluloid Closet (book)|The Celluloid Closet]]'' (1981, revised 1987), the script originally had Grant's character say "I...I suppose you think it's odd, my wearing this. I realize it looks odd...I don't usually...I mean, I don't own one of these". Russo suggests that this indicates that people in [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] (at least in Grant's circles) were familiar with the slang connotations of the word; however, there is no record that Grant or anyone involved with the film ever discussed the matter publicly.{{sfn|Russo|1987|p=47}}

The 1933 film ''[[My Weakness (film)|My Weakness]]'' had previously used the word "gay" as an overt descriptor of homosexuality; one of two men pining away for the same woman suddenly suggests a solution to their mutual problem: "Let's be gay!"  However, the [[Studio Relations Committee]] censors decreed that the line was too risqué and had to be muffled.<ref>Vieira, Mark A., Sin in Soft Focus: Pre-Code Hollywood, Abrams, 1999, pg. 133</ref>  The film ''[[This Side of Heaven]]'' (1934) included a scene in which a fussy, gossipy interior decorator tries to sell a floral fabric pattern to a customer, who knowingly replies, "It strikes me as a bit too gay."<ref>Vieira, Mark A., Sin in Soft Focus: Pre-Code Hollywood, Abrams, 1999, pg. 168</ref>

===Casting===
[[File:Bringing up baby film still.jpg|thumb|alt=Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant (in round glasses), looking off-screen|Hepburn and Grant in their second of four film collaborations]]
After briefly considering Hawks's cousin [[Carole Lombard]] for the role of Susan Vance, producers chose Katharine Hepburn to play the wealthy New Englander because of her background and similarities to the character. RKO agreed to the casting, but had reservations because of Hepburn's salary and lack of box-office success for several years.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=247}} Producer Lou Lusty said, "You couldn't even break even, if a Hepburn show cost eight hundred grand."{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=7}} At first, Hawks and producer [[Pandro S. Berman]] could not agree on whom to cast in the role of David Huxley. Hawks initially wanted silent-film comedian [[Harold Lloyd]]; Berman rejected Lloyd and [[Ronald Colman]], offering the role to [[Robert Montgomery (actor)|Robert Montgomery]], [[Fredric March]] and [[Ray Milland]] (all of whom turned it down).{{sfn|Eliot|2004|pp=176–177}}

Hawks' friend [[Howard Hughes]] finally suggested Cary Grant for the role.{{sfn|Eliot|2004|p=174}} Grant had just finished shooting his breakthrough romantic comedy ''[[The Awful Truth]]'' (1937),{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=247}} and Hawks may have seen a rough cut of the unreleased film.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=7}} Grant then had a non-exclusive, four-picture deal with RKO for $50,000 per film, and Grant's manager used his casting in the film to renegotiate his contract, earning him $75,000 plus the bonuses Hepburn was receiving.{{sfn|Eliot|2004|pp=176–177}} Grant was concerned about being able to play an intellectual character and took two weeks to accept the role, despite the new contract. Hawks built Grant's confidence by promising to coach him throughout the film, instructing him to watch Harold Lloyd films for inspiration.{{sfn|Eliot|2004|p=178}} Grant met with Howard Hughes throughout the film to discuss his character, which he said helped his performance.{{sfn|Eliot|2004|p=178}}

Hawks obtained character actors [[Charlie Ruggles]] on loan from [[Paramount Pictures]] for Major Horace Applegate and Barry Fitzgerald on loan from [[The Mary Pickford Corporation]] to play gardener Aloysius Gogarty.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=247}} Hawks cast Virginia Walker as Alice Swallow, David's fiancée; Walker was under contract to him and later married his brother [[William Hawks]].{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=248}} As Hawks could not find a panther that would work for the film, Baby was changed to a leopard so they could cast the trained leopard Nissa, who had worked in films for eight years, making several B-movies.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=7}}

===Filming===
Shooting began September 23, 1937, and was scheduled to end November 20, 1937,{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=254}} on a budget of $767,676.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=250}} Filming began in-studio with the scenes in Susan's apartment, moving to the [[Bel Air Country Club]] in early October for the golf-course scenes.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=7}} The production had a difficult start due to Hepburn's struggles with her character and her comedic abilities. She frequently overacted, trying too hard to be funny,{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=250}} and Hawks asked vaudeville veteran Walter Catlett to help coach her. Catlett acted out scenes with Grant for Hepburn, showing her that he was funnier when he was serious. Hepburn understood, acted naturally and played herself for the rest of the shoot; she was so impressed by Catlett's talent and coaching ability that she insisted he play Constable Slocum in the film.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|pp=250–251}}{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=261}}

[[File:Bringing up baby publicity photo.jpg|thumb|200px|alt=Katharine Hepburn, smiling, and leopard looking off-camera|Katharine Hepburn and Nissa in a publicity photo; at one point, Nissa lunged at Hepburn but was stopped by the trainer's whip.]]

Most shooting was done at the Arthur Ranch in the San Fernando Valley, which was used as Aunt Elizabeth's estate for interior and exterior scenes.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=7}} Beginning at the Arthur Ranch shoot,{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=8}} Grant and Hepburn often [[ad-lib]]bed their dialogue and frequently delayed production by making each other laugh.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=251}} The scene where Grant frantically asks Hepburn where his bone is, was shot from 10 am until well after 4 pm because of the stars' laughing fits.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=252}} After one month of shooting Hawks was seven days behind schedule. During the filming, Hawks would refer to four different versions of the film's script and make frequent changes to scenes and dialogue.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=8}} His leisurely attitude on set and shutting down production to see a horse race contributed to the lost time.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=252}}  He took twelve days to shoot the Westlake jail scene instead of the scheduled five.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=8}} Hawks later facetiously blamed the setbacks on his two stars' laughing fits and having to work with two animal actors.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=252}}

The terrier George was played by Skippy, known as Asta in [[The Thin Man (film series)|''The Thin Man'' film series]] and co-starring with Grant (as Mr. Smith) in ''[[The Awful Truth]]''. The tame leopard Baby and the escaped circus leopard were both played by a trained leopard, Nissa; Nissa was supervised by its trainer, Olga Celeste, who stood by with a whip during shooting. At one point, when Hepburn spun around (causing her skirt to twirl) Nissa lunged at her and was subdued when Celeste cracked her whip. Hepburn wore heavy perfume to keep Nissa calm and was unafraid of the leopard, but Grant was terrified; most scenes of the two interacting are done in close-up with a stand-in. Hepburn played upon his fear by throwing a toy leopard through the roof of Grant's dressing room during production.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=252}} There were several news reports about Hawks's difficulty filming the live leopard, and the potential danger to highly valuable actors, so some scenes required [[Rear projection effect|rear-screen projection]],<ref name="Baby DVD. Special Features 2005">''Bringing Up Baby'' DVD. Special Features. Peter Bogdanovich Audio Commentary. Turner Home Entertainment. 2005.</ref> while several others were shot using [[Matte (filmmaking)|traveling mattes]]. In a scene where Grant has Baby on a leash, it is quite obvious that the leash was hand painted on film because it proved impossible to make the two parts of the leash join in the traveling matte.

Hawks and Hepburn had a confrontation one day during shooting. While Hepburn was chatting with a crew member, Hawks yelled "Quiet!" until the only person still talking was Hepburn. When Hepburn paused and realized that everyone was looking at her, she asked what was the matter. Hawks asked her if she was finished imitating a parrot. Hepburn took Hawks aside, telling him never to talk to her like that again since she was old friends with most of the crew. When Hawks (an even older friend of the crew) asked a lighting tech whom he would rather drop a light on, Hepburn agreed to behave on set. A variation of this scene, with Grant yelling "Quiet!", was incorporated into the film.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=261}}{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=253}}

The Westlake Street set was shot at 20th Century Fox Studios.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=29}} Filming was eventually completed on January 6, 1938, with the scenes outside Mr. Peabody's house. RKO producers expressed concern about the film's delays and expense, coming in 40 days over schedule and $330,000 over budget, and also disliked Grant's glasses and Hepburn's hair.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=253}} The film's final cost was $1,096,796.23, primarily due to overtime clauses in Hawks's, Grant's and Hepburn's contracts.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=254}} The film's cost for sets and props was only $5,000 over budget, but all actors (including Nissa and Skippy) were paid approximately double their initial salaries. Hepburn's salary rose from $72,500 to $122,000, Grant's from $75,000 to $123,000 and Hawks's from $88,000 to $203,000; Hawks received an additional $40,000 to terminate his RKO contract on March 21, 1938.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=14}}

===Post-production and previews===
Hawks's editor, George Hively, cut the film during production and the final prints were made a few days after shooting ended.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=254}} The first cut of the film (10,150 feet long){{sfn|Mast|1988|p=12}} was sent to the [[Motion Picture Production Code|Hays Office]] in mid-January.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=13}} Despite several [[double entendre]]s and sexual references it passed the film,{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=254}} overlooking Grant saying he "went gay" or Hepburn's reference to George urinating. The censor's only objections were to the scene where Hepburn's dress is torn, and references to politicians (such as [[Al Smith]] and [[James Farley|Jim Farley]]).{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=13}}

Like all Hawks's comedies, the film is fast paced (despite being filmed primarily in long medium shots, with little cross-cutting). Hawks told [[Peter Bogdanovich]], "You get more pace if you pace the actors quickly within the frame rather than cross cutting fast".<ref name="Baby DVD. Special Features 2005"/>

By February 18, the film had been cut to 9,204 feet.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=13}} It had two advance previews in January 1938, where it received either As or A-pluses on audience-feedback cards. Producer Pandro S. Berman wanted to cut five more minutes, but relented when Hawks, Grant and Cliff Reid objected.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=13}} At the film's second preview, the film received rave reviews and RKO expected a hit.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=254}} The film's musical score is minimal, primarily Grant and Hepburn singing "I Can't Give You Anything But Love, Baby". There is incidental music in the Ritz scene, and an arrangement of "I Can't Give You Anything But Love, Baby" during the opening and closing credits by musical director [[Roy Webb]].{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=9}}

=={{anchor|Reception}}Reception==
===Critical response===
[[File:BabyPoster2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|[[Lobby card]]]]
The film received good advance reviews, with [[Otis Ferguson]] of ''[[The New Republic]]'' writing the film was very funny, and praising Hawks's direction.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=268}} ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' also praised the film, singling out Hawks' pacing and direction, calling Hepburn's performance "one of her most invigorating screen characterizations" and saying Grant "performs his role to the hilt";{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=266}} their only criticism was the length of the jail scene.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=267}} ''[[Film Daily]]'' called it "literally a riot from beginning to end, with the laugh total heavy and the action fast."<ref>{{cite journal |date=February 11, 1938 |title=Reviews of the New Films |journal=[[Film Daily]] |page=12}}</ref> ''[[Harrison's Reports]]'' called the film "An excellent farce" with "many situations that provoke hearty laughter,"<ref>{{cite journal |date=February 19, 1938 |title=Bringing Up Baby |journal=[[Harrison's Reports]] |page=31}}</ref> and [[John Mosher (writer)|John Mosher]] of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' wrote that both stars "manage to be funny" and that Hepburn had never "seemed so good-natured."<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Mosher |first=John |author-link=John Mosher (writer) |date=March 5, 1938 |title=The Current Cinema |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |pages=61–62}}</ref> However, [[Frank S. Nugent]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' disliked the film, considering it derivative and cliché-ridden, a rehash of dozens of other screwball comedies of the period. He labeled Hepburn's performance "breathless, senseless, and terribly, terribly fatiguing",{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=265}} and added, "If you've never been to the movies, ''Bringing Up Baby'' will be new to you&nbsp;– a zany-ridden product of the goofy-farce school. But who hasn't been to the movies?"{{sfn|Laham|2009|p=29}}

On review aggregator [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film holds an approval rating of 97% based on 68 reviews, with an average rating of 9/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "With Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant at their effervescent best, ''Bringing Up Baby'' is a seamlessly assembled comedy with enduring appeal."<ref>{{cite web | title=Bringing Up Baby (1938) | url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bringing_up_baby | work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | access-date=July 26, 2023}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], the film holds a weighted average score of 91 out of 100, based on 17 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".<ref>{{cite web | title=Bringing Up Baby reviews| url= https://www.metacritic.com/movie/bringing-up-baby?ftag=MCD-06-10aaa0e | work=[[Metacritic]] | access-date=June 3, 2020}}</ref>

===Box office===
Despite ''Bringing Up Baby''{{-'}}s reputation as a flop, it was successful in some parts of the U.S. The film premiered on February 16, 1938, at the [[Golden Gate Theatre]] in [[San Francisco]] (where it was a hit), and was also successful in [[Los Angeles]], [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Denver]], [[Cincinnati]] and [[Washington, D.C.]] However, it was a financial disappointment in the Midwest, as well as most other cities in the country, including NYC; to RKO's chagrin, the film's premiere in [[New York City|New York]] on March 3, 1938, at [[Radio City Music Hall]] made only $70,000 and it was pulled after one week{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=255}} in favor of ''[[Jezebel (1938 film)|Jezebel]]'' with [[Bette Davis]].{{sfn|Brown|1995|p=140}}

During its first run, ''Bringing Up Baby'' made $715,000 in the U.S. and $394,000 in foreign markets for a total of $1,109,000;{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=14}} its reissue in 1940 and 1941 made an additional $95,000 in the US and $55,000 in foreign markets.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=255}} Following its second run, the film made a profit of $163,000.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=14}} Due to its perceived failure, Hawks was released early from his two-film contract with RKO{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=14}} and ''[[Gunga Din (film)|Gunga Din]]'' was eventually directed by [[George Stevens]].{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=257}} Hawks later said the film "had a great fault and I learned an awful lot from that. There were ''no'' normal people in it. Everyone you met was a screwball and since that time I learned my lesson and don't intend ever again to make everybody crazy."{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=256}} The director went on to work with RKO on three films over the next decade.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=16}} Long before ''Bringing Up Baby''{{-'}}s release, Hepburn had been branded "[[Box Office Poison (magazine article)|box office poison]]" by Harry Brandt (president of the Independent Theatre Owners of America) and thus was allowed to buy out her RKO contract for $22,000.{{sfn|Eliot|2004|pp=180–1}}{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|pp=255–7}} However, many critics marveled at her new skill at [[low comedy]]; [[Life magazine|''Life'' magazine]] called her "the surprise of the picture".{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=15}} Hepburn's former boyfriend Howard Hughes bought RKO in 1948, and sold it in 1955; when he sold the company, Hughes retained the copyright to six films (including ''Bringing Up Baby'').{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=16}}

==Themes and interpretations==
Several commentators have written that ''Bringing Up Baby'' blurs or reverses stereotypical [[gender role]]s assigned to men and women,<ref name="Shumway 2003, p. 103">{{cite book|last=Shumway|first=David|year=2003|chapter=Marriage as Adultery: Hollywood Romance and the Screwball Comedy|title=Modern Love: Romance, Intimacy, and the Marriage Crisis|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OXkTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA103|publisher=[[New York University Press]]|page=103|isbn=978-0814798300|quote=In fact, these directors incorporate some significant reversals of gender roles into their screwball comedies ''Bringing Up Baby'' (Howard Hawks, 1938) and ''The Lady Eve'', where we find examples of weak, bumbling men being pursued by strong, compentent women.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Oliver|first=Kelly|year=2012|title=Knock Me Up, Knock Me Down: Images of Pregnancy in Hollywood Films|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4luSS3uFKyQC&pg=PA59|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|page=59|isbn=978-0231161084|quote=Even ''Bringing Up Baby'' (1938) has a scene with David (Cary Grant) wearing a woman's negligee that is played for laughs but also reverses traditional gender roles and leaves him at the mercy of Susan (Katherine Hepburn).}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Murray|Heumann|2022|p=19}}: "As what [[Stanley Cavell]] calls a comedy of equality, 'evoking laughter equally at the idea that men and women are different ''and'' at the idea that they are not,' ('Leopards in Connecticut' 251, emphasis Cavell's), ''Bringing Up Baby'' first showcases green worlds in which gender roles are blurred or even reversed."</ref> as the bumbling, "sexless" workaholic David is pursued and eventually won over by the anarchic, confident Susan;<ref name="Shumway 2003, p. 103" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Greven|first=David|year=2011|title=Representations of Femininity in American Genre Cinema: The Woman's Film, Film Noir, and Modern Horror|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1bnGAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA156|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|page=156|isbn=978-0230112513|quote=In ''Bringing Up Baby'' (1938), for instance, Cary Grant's paleontologist is a sexless sobersides awakened into heterosexual desire as well as his own active masculinity by Katharine Hepburn's anarchic, frenetic Susan Vance, who restores sexual order—the production of proper heterosexual passion—as she chaotically disrupts narrative.}}</ref><ref name="O'Malley 2021" /> this is contrasted by David's fiancé Alice, who "dismisses sexuality and reproduction in favor of work."<ref name="Murray & Heumann 2022">{{harvnb|Murray|Heumann|2022}}</ref> Academics Robin L. Murray and Joseph K. Heumann write, "The bone and leopard are not only real, but they also represent elements missing from David's urban life as resident museum paleontologist and Alice's fiancé: sex and children."<ref name="Murray & Heumann 2022" /> By the end of the film, they note, "Instead of returning to his original role intact, David declares his love for Susan, even as his brontosaurus tumbles to the ground, signifying the success of Susan's reeducation of him. Not only has she crushed his glasses to enhance his beauty, but she has also demolished his work."<ref name="Murray & Heumann 2022" />

Murray and Heumann argue that the film's narrative "promotes a cynical view of marriage and a rational urban society",<ref name="Murray & Heumann 2022, p.19">{{harvnb|Murray|Heumann|2022|p=19}}</ref> an element that writer and film critic Sheila O'Malley characterizes as common in Hawks's filmography: "Marriage barely exists in Hawks's films, and when it does show up, it's not exactly a blessing. [...] ''Bringing Up Baby'' may end in an embrace, but it is impossible to imagine David and Susan in a conventional domestic relationship."<ref name="O'Malley 2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7454-bringing-up-baby-bones-balls-and-butterflies|title=''Bringing Up Baby'': Bones, Balls, and Butterflies|last=O'Malley|first=Sheila|date=July 6, 2021|website=Criterion.com|publisher=[[The Criterion Collection]]|access-date=July 4, 2024}}</ref> Over the course of the film, O'Malley adds, "David becomes a real person. Alice dumps him, saying, 'You showed yourself up in your true colors. You're just a butterfly.' Alice, of course, misses the point, as the Alices of the world always do. A butterfly doesn't symbolize irresponsibility. A butterfly symbolizes transformation. Susan forces David out of his chrysalis, and he emerges into the limitless night air, where a man can breathe, where a woman not only loves him but returns his bone to him, at last."<ref name="O'Malley 2021" />

In addition to its playing with gender roles, Murray and Heumann write that ''Bringing Up Baby'' contains themes of exploitation, and the impact of [[colonialism]] and the removing of animals from their natural habitats:
<blockquote>Focusing on the unlikely pairing of zany heiress Susan and befuddled paleontologist David, ''Bringing Up Baby'' broaches multiple [[ecocritical]] questions: Does a natural history museum and its paleontologist David deserve a $1 million donation from Susan's Aunt Elizabeth (May Robson)? Is a rational woman like David's fiancé Alice (Virginia Walker) more or less appealing than an irrational but sexualized Susan? Should wild creatures be extracted and domesticated from colonized jungles? And does reconstructed nature trump the natural landscape of the gendered body?<ref name="Murray & Heumann 2022, p.19" /></blockquote>

==Legacy==
''Bringing Up Baby'' was the second of four films starring Grant and Hepburn; the others were ''[[Sylvia Scarlett]]'' (1935), ''[[Holiday (1938 film)|Holiday]]'' (1938) and ''[[The Philadelphia Story (film)|The Philadelphia Story]]'' (1940). The film's concept was described by philosopher [[Stanley Cavell]] as a "definitive achievement in the history of the art of film."{{sfn|Cavell|1981|p=1}} Cavell noted that ''Bringing Up Baby'' was made in a tradition of romantic comedy with inspiration from ancient Rome and Shakespeare.{{sfn|Mast|1988|p=3}} Shakespeare's ''[[Much Ado About Nothing]]'' and ''As You Like It'' have been cited in particular as influences on the film and the screwball comedy in general, with their "haughty, self-sufficient men, strong women and fierce combat of words and wit."{{sfn|Carr|2002|p=48}} Hepburn's character has been cited as an early example of the [[Manic Pixie Dream Girl]] film archetype.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bowman |first1=Donna |last2=Gillette |first2=Amelie |last3=Hyden |first3=Steven |last4=Murray |first4=Noel |last5=Pierce |first5=Leonard |last6=Rabin |first6=Nathan |date=August 4, 2008 |title= Wild things: 16 films featuring Manic Pixie Dream Girls |work=[[The A.V. Club]] |url=http://www.avclub.com/article/wild-things-16-films-featuring-manic-pixie-dream-g-2407 |access-date=March 27, 2014}}</ref>

The popularity of ''Bringing Up Baby'' has increased since it was shown on television during the 1950s, and by the 1960s film analysts (including the writers at {{Lang|fr|[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]}} in France) affirmed the film's quality. In a rebuttal of fellow ''New York Times'' critic Nugent's scathing review of the film at the time of release, [[A. O. Scott]] has said that you'll "find yourself amazed at its freshness, its vigor, and its brilliance—qualities undiminished after sixty-five years, and likely to withstand repeated viewings."{{sfn|Laham|2009|p=29}} [[Leonard Maltin]] stated that it is now "considered the definitive screwball comedy, and one of the fastest, funniest films ever made; grand performances by all."{{sfn|Laham|2009|p=29}}

''Bringing Up Baby'' has been adapted several times. Hawks recycled the nightclub scene in which Hepburn's dress is torn and Grant walks behind her in the comedy ''[[Man's Favorite Sport]]'' (1964). Peter Bogdanovich's film  ''[[What's Up, Doc? (1972 film)|What's Up, Doc?]]'' (1972), starring [[Barbra Streisand]] and [[Ryan O'Neal]], was intended as an homage to the film, and has contributed to its reputation.{{sfn|McCarthy|1997|p=256}} In the commentary track for ''Bringing Up Baby'', Bogdanovich discusses how the coat-ripping scene in ''What's Up, Doc?'' was based on the scene in which Grant's coat and Hepburn's dress are torn in ''Bringing Up Baby''.<ref name="Baby DVD. Special Features 2005"/>

The French film ''[[Une Femme ou Deux]]'' (English: ''One Woman or Two''; 1985), starring  [[Gérard Depardieu]], [[Sigourney Weaver]], and [[Dr. Ruth Westheimer]], is a rework of ''Bringing Up Baby''.<ref>Steven H. Scheuer (1990). [https://books.google.com/books?id=0UcCmNkNL8kC&q=%22One+Woman+or+Two%22+%22westheimer%22 ''Movies on TV and Videocassette, 1991-1992'']</ref><ref>Martin Connors, Jim Craddock (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ID0NAQAAMAAJ&q=%22One+Woman+or+Two%22+%22westheimer%22 ''VideoHound's Golden Movie Retriever 1999'']</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PBIIAQAAMAAJ&q=%22One+Woman+or+Two%22+%22westheimer%22 ''Films and Filming''], Issues 411-423, 1989.</ref> The film ''[[Who's That Girl? (1987 film)|Who's That Girl?]]'' (1987), starring [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]], is also loosely based on ''Bringing Up Baby''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/whosthatgirlpghinson_a0c943.htm |title='Who's That Girl' (PG) |date=August 8, 1987 |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=March 9, 2014}}</ref>

In 1990 (the registry's second year), ''Bringing Up Baby'' was selected for preservation in the [[National Film Registry]] of the [[Library of Congress]] as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' voted the film 24th on its list of greatest films. In 2000, readers of ''[[Total Film]]'' magazine voted it the 47th-greatest comedy film of all time. ''[[Premiere (magazine)|Premiere]]'' ranked Cary Grant's performance as Dr. David Huxley 68th on its list of 100 all-time greatest performances,<ref>''Premiere''. "The 100 Greatest Characters of All Time". Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S., April 2004, retrieved November 18, 2013.</ref> and ranked Susan Vance 21st on its list of 100 all-time greatest movie characters.<ref>''Premiere''. "The 100 Greatest Characters of All Time". Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S., April 2006, retrieved November 18, 2013.</ref>

The [[National Society of Film Critics]] also included ''Bringing Up Baby'' in their "100 Essential Films", considering it to be arguably the director's best film.{{Sfn|Carr|2002|p=48}}

The film is recognized by [[American Film Institute]] in these lists:

* 1998: [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies]] – #97<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/movies100.pdf |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=July 17, 2016}}</ref>
* 2000: [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs]] – #14<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/laughs100.pdf |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=July 17, 2016}}</ref>
* 2002: [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions]] – #51<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/passions100.pdf |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=July 17, 2016}}</ref>
* 2007: [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)]] – #88<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) |url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/100Movies.pdf |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |access-date=July 17, 2016}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==See also==
* [[List of cult films]]
* [[List of films featuring dinosaurs]]
* [[Manic Pixie Dream Girl]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* {{cite book|last=Boswell|first=John|title=Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v-MR5_AdG68C|date=February 15, 2009|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-06714-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Brown|first=Gene|title=Movie time: a chronology of Hollywood and the movie industry from its beginnings to the present|url=https://archive.org/details/movietimechronol00brow|url-access=registration|date=November 1, 1995|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-02-860429-9}}
* {{cite book|last=Carr|first=Jay|title=The A List: The National Society of Film Critics' 100 Essential Films|url=https://archive.org/details/alistnationalsoc00jayc|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/alistnationalsoc00jayc/page/48 48]|date=January 2002|publisher=Da Capo Press|isbn=978-0-306-81096-1}}
* {{cite book |last=Cavell |first=Stanley |author1-link=Stanley Cavell |year=1981 |title=Pursuits of Happiness: The Hollywood Comedy of Remarriage |publisher=Harvard University Press |url=https://archive.org/details/pursuitsofhappin00cave |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-674-73906-2 }}
* {{cite book|last=Eliot |first=Marc |title=Cary Grant: A Biography |url=https://archive.org/details/carygrantbiograp00elio |url-access=registration |publisher=Harmony Books |location=New York |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-307-20983-2 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Hanson |editor-first=Patricia King |date=1993 |title=The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States: Feature Films, 1931–1940 |location=Berkeley and Los Angeles |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07908-3 }}
* {{cite book|last=Laham|first=Nicholas|title=Currents of Comedy on the American Screen: How Film and Television Deliver Different Laughs for Changing Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CsqL5zpWX7cC&pg=PA29|date=January 1, 2009|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5383-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Leaming |first=Barbara |title=Katharine Hepburn |url=https://archive.org/details/katharinehepburn00leam |url-access=registration |publisher=Crown Publishers, Inc. |location=New York |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-87910-293-7 }}
* {{cite book|last=Mast |first=Gerald |title=Bringing Up Baby. Howard Hawks, director |publisher=Rutgers University Press |location=New Brunswick and London |year=1988 |isbn=978-0-8135-1341-6 }}
* {{cite book|last=McCarthy |first=Todd |title=Howard Hawks: The Grey Fox of Hollywood |publisher=Grove Press |location=New York |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-8021-3740-1 }}
* {{cite book|last1=Murray|first1=Robin L.|last2=Heumann|first2=Joseph K.|year=2022|chapter=The Green World and the Screwball Comedy: A Pastoral World of Play|title=Film, Environment, Comedy|series=Routledge Advances in Film Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Njb-EAAAQBAJ|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-032-25041-0}} 
* {{cite book|last=Russo|first=Vito|author-link=Vito Russo|title=The Celluloid Closet: Homosexuality in the Movies|url=https://archive.org/details/celluloidcloseth00russ|url-access=registration|date=September 20, 1987|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-096132-9}}
{{Refend}}

'''Further reading'''
* {{cite book|last=Swaab|first=Peter|title=Bringing Up Baby|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qb8MAAAACAAJ|date=January 4, 2011|publisher=British Film Institute|isbn=978-1-84457-070-6}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Commons category|Bringing Up Baby}}
* {{IMDb title|0029947|Bringing Up Baby}}
* {{TCMDb title|568|Bringing Up Baby}}
* {{AFI film|id=6702|title=Bringing Up Baby}}
* [http://www.moviediva.com/MD_root/reviewpages/MDBringingUpBaby.htm ''Bringing Up Baby'' at moviediva]
* [http://www.carygrant.net/reviews/baby.html Reprints of historic reviews, photo gallery at CaryGrant.net]
* [https://archive.org/download/Romance_339/Romance45-07-24114BringingUpBaby.mp3 ''Bringing Up Baby''] on Theater of Romance: July 24, 1945
* [https://www.loc.gov/static/programs/national-film-preservation-board/documents/BringingUpBaby.pdf ''Bringing Up Baby''] essay by Michael Schlesinger on the [[National Film Registry]] site.
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|2=Bringing Up Baby}}

{{Howard Hawks}}
{{Dudley Nichols}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1930s screwball comedy films]]
[[Category:1938 films]]
[[Category:1938 romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:American black-and-white films]]
[[Category:American romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:American screwball comedy films]]
[[Category:Comedy of remarriage films]]
[[Category:1930s English-language films]]
[[Category:Films about animals]]
[[Category:Films about cats]]
[[Category:Films based on American short stories]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Hagar Wilde]]
[[Category:Films directed by Howard Hawks]]
[[Category:Films produced by Cliff Reid]]
[[Category:Films set in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Films set in natural history museums]]
[[Category:Films shot in California]]
[[Category:Films shot in Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Dudley Nichols]]
[[Category:RKO Pictures films]]
[[Category:United States National Film Registry films]]
[[Category:1930s American films]]
[[Category:English-language romantic comedy films]]