View source for Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

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{{Update|date=October 2024}}
This '''timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict''' lists events from 1948 to the present. The [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]] emerged from [[intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine]] between Palestinian Jews and Arabs, often described as the background to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The conflict in its modern phase evolved since the declaration of the State of [[Israel]] on May 14, 1948 and consequent intervention of Arab armies on behalf of the Palestinian Arabs.

{{TOC limit|2}}

== Background ==
{{Further|Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine}}
{{For timeline|Timeline of intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine}}
Israel gained independence on May 14, 1948, while a Palestinian attempt to establish a [[All-Palestine Government|state]] in the Gaza Strip in September 1948 under an Egyptian protectorate failed, being de facto managed by Egyptian military and announced dissolved in 1959.

== 1948–1949: Arab–Israeli War ==
{{Main|1948 Arab–Israeli War}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Month, Day !! Event(s)
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1948 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 13
| [[Haganah]] took control of [[Jaffa]]. The [[Irgun]] had been shelling Jaffa for three weeks.<ref>{{cite book|author=John B. Quigley|title=The Case for Palestine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaUvqHNd6m0C&pg=PA|year=2005|publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-3539-9|pages=|quote=he panic flight was caused both by "the repute which propaganda had bestowed" on the Irgun, and by the scale of the bombardment, accord-ing to Irgun leader Begin.54 Shmuel Toledano, a Haganah intelligence officer who would later be a member of Israel's parliament (Knesset), recited the same two reasons for the Arab flight from Jaffa. "First, because the Etzel [Irgun] had been shelling Jaffa for three weeks before the Haganah entered, making the Arabs very much afraid; some already began to leave as a result of that shelling by Etzel!' Second, "there were rumours, based on the Etzel's reputation," that "the min-ute the Jews entered the town, the inhabitants would all be slaugh-tered!, s5 The Irgun fired at fleeing residents. 56 The Pal mach was the military force primarily responsible for the Galilee, and its commander, Moshe Dayan, said that the new state must be "homogeneous," with as few Arabs as possible. 57 From many villages in the Galilee the Palmach removed entire popula-tions by force.}}</ref> After most of the Arab population fled the city,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogan |first1=Eugene |title=The Arabs: A History – Third Edition |date=2012 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=9780718196837 |pages=331}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Morris |first1=Benny |title=The birth of the Palestinian refugee problem, 1947–1949 |date=1987 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-33028-9 |pages=95–101}}</ref> its 1947 population of 70,000 was reduced to 4,000.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Itamar Radai | title = Jaffa, 1948 : The fall of a city | journal = Journal of Israeli History | volume = 30 | issue = 1 | pages = 23–43 | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1080/13531042.2011.553064| s2cid = 159602759  |issn = 1353-1042}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 14
| The [[Jewish People's Council]] gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum, and approved a proclamation declaring "the [[Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel|establishment]] of a Jewish state in [[Eretz Israel]], to be known as the [[State of Israel]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/Declaration+of+Establishment+of+State+of+Israel.htm|title=Declaration of Establishment of State of Israel 14 May 1948|website=mfa.gov.il}}</ref>
|-
| At midnight the British Mandate over Palestine terminated.<ref>[https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/38D6FE31E6BEDBC485257089006EC7E5 Communication dated 11 May 1948 from J. Fletcher-Cooke of the United Kingdom delegation to the United Nations Commission on Palestine to Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, Principal Secretary to the Commission: Retrieved 23 December 2013] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212204736/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/38D6FE31E6BEDBC485257089006EC7E5 |date=December 12, 2013 }}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 15
| Following a letter from the Agent of the new Provisional Government to President Truman that the ''state of Israel has been proclaimed as an independent republic within frontiers approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/israel/large/documents/pdf/12.pdf |title=Truman Library: ''Letter From the Agent of the Provisional Government of Israel to the President of the United States: (May 15, 1948)'': Retrieved 28 January 2015 |access-date=28 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232511/http://trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/israel/large/documents/pdf/12.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the United States recognized the provisional government as the de facto authority of the new State of Israel.<ref>[http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=83 United States ''de facto'' Regnition of State of Israel]: 14 May 1948: Retrieved 1 May 2012</ref>
|-
| Members of the Arab League – Syria, [[Iraq]], Egypt, [[Jordan|Transjordan]], the [[Holy War Army]] and the [[Arab Liberation Army]], marched their forces into what had the previous day ceased to be the British Mandate for Palestine. The League of Arab States sent a cablegram to the Secretary-General of the United Nations saying, "On the occasion of the intervention of Arab States in Palestine to restore law and order and to prevent disturbances prevailing in Palestine from spreading into their territories and to check further bloodshed".<ref>[[s:Cablegram from the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States to the Secretary-General of the United Nations|Cablegram from the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States to the Secretary-General of the United Nations 15 May 1948]]</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 23
| [[Thomas C. Wasson]], US Consul General, assassinated in Jerusalem.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June
| Violent confrontation between the [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF) under the command of [[David Ben-Gurion]], and the paramilitary Jewish group [[Irgun]] known as The [[Altalena Affair]] resulted in the dismantlement of the Irgun, Lehi, and all Israeli paramilitary organizations operating outside the IDF. Infiltration by Palestinian [[fedayeen]] began from Egypt, resulting in many minor skirmishes, raids and counter-raids, causing hundreds of casualties on both sides, including many civilians. One thousand three hundred Israelis were killed or wounded in paramilitary attacks.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 17
| [[Folke Bernadotte]], United Nations Peace Envoy, assassinated in Jerusalem.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 22
| The [[All-Palestine Government]] assembled in the Egyptian-controlled Gaza Strip and was recognized by all members of the Arab League except Jordan.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 28
| The Israeli army killed at least 70 villagers at [[Al-Dawayima]].
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1949 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February–July
| Israel concluded the [[1949 Armistice Agreements|Armistice Agreements]] with neighbouring countries. The territory of the [[Mandatory Palestine]] was divided between the State of Israel, the [[Jordan|Transjordan]] and the [[All-Palestine Government]] in Gaza, under prefecture of [[Egypt]]. During and after the war about 711,000 Palestinian Arabs became displaced and refugees. 800,000–1,000,000 [[Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries|Jews living in Muslim countries left or were expelled]] during or after the war.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 24
| [[1949 Armistice Agreements|Armistice]] signed with [[Egypt]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February
| 148 infiltrators killed by the Israeli army during February in area around [[Al-Majdal, Askalan|Majdal]]/[[Ashkelon]].<ref>[[Benny Morris|Morris, Benny]](1993) ''Israel's Border Wars, 1949–1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War''. Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|0-19-827850-0}}. p. 135</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 23
| [[1949 Armistice Agreements|Armistice]] signed with [[Lebanon]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 3
| [[1949 Armistice Agreements|Armistice]] signed with [[Jordan|Transjordan]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June
| Israeli army killed 93 infiltrators along Southern Jordan and Gaza Strip borders.<ref>Morris, ''Border Wars''. p. 135</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 30
| [[1949 Armistice Agreements|Armistice]] signed with [[Syria]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July
| 59 infiltrators killed by Israeli army. It is estimated that at least 1000 were killed during 1949, the vast majority of them unarmed.<ref>Morris, ''Border Wars''. p. 136ff</ref>
|}
<!--------------------------------------------------------->

== 1948–1966 ==
Between 1949 and 1953, there were 99 complaints made by Israel about the infiltration of armed groups or individuals and 30 complaints of armed Jordanian units crossing into Israeli territory.<ref name="UN630">[http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/017eefb458011c9d05256722005e5499!OpenDocument UN DOC S/PV 630 of 27 October 1953] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209192923/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/017eefb458011c9d05256722005e5499%21OpenDocument |date=9 February 2008 }}</ref> Several hundred Israeli civilians were killed by infiltrators, and some were raped and mutilated.<ref name="morris61">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YUthqHRF-m8C&q=bayit+vegan+border&pg=PA61|title=Israel's Border Wars, 1949–1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War|last=Morris|first=Benny|author-link=Benny Morris |access-date=2012-11-30 |isbn=978-0-19-829262-3|pages=61|year=1997|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref name="morris217">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YUthqHRF-m8C&q=morris+beit+jala+1952&pg=PA217|title=Israel's Border Wars, 1949–1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War|last=Morris|first=Benny|author-link=Benny Morris|access-date=2012-11-30|isbn=978-0-19-829262-3|pages=215–18|year=1997|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> Israel launched numerous reprisal raids in response. Between 1949 and 1956, 286 Israeli civilians were killed. During the same period, excluding the [[Suez War]], 258 Israeli soldiers were killed. Between 2,700 and 5,000 Arab infiltrators were killed. It is unclear whether these Arabs were really infiltrators or were simply unauthorized crossers, as many Palestinians were crossing into Israel for economic reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6b189672cac9e58a85256d9f006554b8 |title=S/1459 of 20 February 1950 |access-date=2013-11-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203123158/https://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6b189672cac9e58a85256d9f006554b8 |archive-date=2013-12-03 }}</ref> The Israeli forces necessarily treated anyone attempting unauthorized entry as a potential infiltrator, given the level of bloodshed.

{| class="wikitable"
! Month, Day !! Event(s)
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1951 ===
The State of Israel was confronted by a wave of Palestinian infiltrations (fedayeen). In 1951, 118 Israelis, including 48 civilians, were killed by such infiltrators. According to Israeli army records, an average of 36 infiltrators were killed each month during 1951.<ref name="Morris pp.54,98">Morris ''Border Wars''. pp. 54, 98, 136</ref> Arabs were also being attacked by the Israelis, and the overall situation deteriorated. Israel began [[Reprisal operations|Retribution Operations]] as punishment and prevention measures.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 6–7
| [[Sharafat, East Jerusalem|Sharafat]], a village south-west of Jerusalem, attacked by Israeli army. Nine villagers killed.<ref>Morris ''Border Wars''. p. 194</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1952 ===
68 Israelis, including 42 civilians, were killed by Palestinian infiltrators. The Israeli army killed a monthly average of 33 people crossing the armistice lines, including 78 in March and 57 in April.<ref name="Morris pp.54,98" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 6–7
| Israeli army [[1952 raid on Beit Jala|attacked]] [[Bayt Jala]] killing seven people.<ref>Morris ''Border Wars''. p. 204</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1953 ===
71 Israelis, including 44 civilians, killed by Palestinian infiltrators.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 22
| At least six Jordanian soldiers killed by Israeli sniper fire from West Jerusalem.<ref>Morris ''Border Wars''. p. 221. [[Glubb Pasha]] records ten killed.</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 17–23
| Operation "Viper on the Track": seven [[West Bank]] villages and a Bedouin camp in Israel attacked by Israeli army.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 11–12
| Operation "Vengeance and Reprisal": four West Bank villages attacked by Israeli army, including [[al-Khader]] and [[Surif]]. Six people killed.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 16
| [[Qibya massacre]]. [[Unit 101]], commanded by [[Ariel Sharon]], carried out a raid on the village of Qibya. Over 60 Arabs killed.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1954 ===
57 Israelis killed, including 33 civilians. Israeli Border Police record between May and December they killed 51 infiltrators.<ref name="ReferenceA">Morris ''Border Wars''. pp. 54, 98, 137</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 16–17
| [[Ma'ale Akrabim massacre]]: Arab gang attacked an Israeli civilian bus, killing 11.<ref name=mfa>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-%20Obstacle%20to%20Peace/Palestinian%20terror%20before%202000/Which%20Came%20First-%20Terrorism%20or%20Occupation%20-%20Major|title=Which Came First- Terrorism or Occupation – Major Arab Terrorist Attacks against Israelis Prior to the 1967 Six-Day War|website=mfa.gov.il}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 28–29
| Operation "Lion": [[Nahhalin]] village attacked by Israeli army. Nine people killed: four National Guardsmen, three Jordanian soldiers, the village [[mukhtar]] and a woman.<ref>Morris ''Border Wars''. p. 301</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 10–12
| Operation "Eye for an Eye": An Israeli company led by [[Ariel Sharon]] attacked a post on the Gaza border near [[Kissufim]], killing 9 or 10 Palestinian gendarmes.<ref>Morris ''Border Wars''. p.314</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 23–24
| Start of the [[Lavon Affair]].
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1955 ===
74 Israelis killed, including 24 civilians. The Israeli army recorded 36 hostile infiltrators as killed.<ref name="ReferenceA" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 28&nbsp;–<br />March 1
| Operation "Black Arrow": Ariel Sharon led an Israeli attack on an Egyptian army base in the Gaza Strip, killing 38 soldiers and two civilians.<ref>Morris ''Border Wars''. p. 325</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 31&nbsp;–<br />September 1
| Israeli army attacked outskirts of [[Khan Yunis]]. 72 Egyptians and Palestinians killed.<ref>Morris ''Border Wars''. p. 350</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 27–28
| Ariel Sharon led a force of 200 Israeli paratroopers on an attack on [[Kuntilla]]. 12 Egyptian soldiers killed.<ref>Morris ''Border Wars''. p. 358</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 2–3
| Operation "Volcano": the Israeli army attacked Egyptian army positions in [[al Sabha]] and [[Wadi Siram]], killing 81 Egyptian soldiers.<ref>Morris ''Border Wars''. pp. 359, 360</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 11–12
| Operation "Olive Leaves": a large Israeli force commanded by Ariel Sharon attacked Syrian positions east of [[Lake Tiberias]]. 48 Syrian soldiers and six civilians killed.<ref name="Morris Border Wars. p.397">Morris ''Border Wars''. p. 397</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1956 ===
117 Israelis killed, including 54 civilians (excluding soldiers killed during the attack on the Suez Canal).<ref>Morris ''Border Wars''. pp. 54, 98</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 5
| [[Moshe Dayan]] ordered the shelling of the centre of [[Gaza City]] with 120&nbsp;mm mortars. 57 civilians and four Egyptian soldiers killed.<ref>Morris ''Border Wars''. p. 371</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 9
| [[Qalqilya]] police station attacked by an Israeli battalion-sized force that included armour and artillery. Between 70 and 90 Jordanians killed.<ref name="Morris Border Wars. p.397" />
|-
|rowspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 29&nbsp;–<br />November
| [[Suez Crisis]]. Israel invaded [[Egypt]]'s [[Sinai Peninsula]] with covert assent from France and Britain. The European nations had economic and trading interests in the Suez Canal, while Israel wanted to reopen the canal for Israeli shipping and end Egyptian-supported [[fedayeen]] incursions and attacks. Israel completely withdrew six months later when Egypt assured Israel unimpeded navigation and safety.
|-
| In the [[Kafr Qasim massacre]], 48 or 49 Arab civilians were killed by the [[Israel Border Police]] as they returned to their village from work.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1957 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March
| Israel withdrew its forces from the [[Sinai Peninsula]], ending the [[Suez Crisis]].
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1959 ===
The Cairo-born [[Yasser Arafat]] formed [[Fatah]] to conduct guerrilla warfare operations against Israel.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1963 ===
In a new wave of [[Arab socialism]], the [[Ba'ath Party]] took power in Iraq and Syria. Among the key Ba'ath aims was the support of the Palestinian cause.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1964 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 3
| The [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO) was founded in [[Cairo]] by the [[Arab League]]. [[Ahmad Shuqeiri]] was its first leader, although the organization was ''[[de facto]]'' controlled by the [[Egypt]]ian government. The PLO stated their goal as the destruction of the State of Israel through armed struggle and its replacement with an "independent Palestinian state" between the [[Jordan River]] and the [[Mediterranean Sea]].
|}
<!--------------------------------------------------------->

== 1967–1973 ==
{{Main|Six-Day War|Yom Kippur War}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Month, Day !! Event(s)
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1967 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June
| The [[Six-Day War]]. Israel launched a defensive strike on [[Egyptian Air Force]] (June 5), following [[Egypt]]ian [[naval blockade]] of the [[Straits of Tiran]] (May 22) and Egyptian military buildup in the [[Sinai Peninsula]] (May 16), interpreted as acts of war. Attack quickly turned into a regional war, in which Israel defeated the combined forces of [[Egypt]], Syria, [[Jordan]], Iraq and their supporters. It captured the [[Sinai Peninsula]] and the [[Gaza Strip]] from Egypt, [[East Jerusalem]] and the [[West Bank]] from [[Jordan]], and the [[Golan Heights]] from [[Syria]]. The number of war casualties estimated between 15,000 and 25,000.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 1
| The [[Khartoum Resolution]] issued at the Arab Summit with eight Arab countries adopted the "three "no"s": 1. No peace with Israel; 2. No recognition of Israel; 3. No negotiations with Israel.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 22
| The UN Security Council adopts Resolution 242, the "land for peace" formula, which has been the starting point for further negotiations.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1968 ===
Between 1968 and 1970, Egypt waged a [[War of Attrition]] against Israel.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 21
| Israel fought the [[Battle of Karameh]] against [[Fatah]] and Jordanian forces.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 27–28
| Israeli army launched an attack on [[1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon|Beirut airport]], destroying 13 aircraft valued at $43.8 million.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1969 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 2
| [[Yasser Arafat]], head of the [[Fatah]] party, appointed chairman of the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]], replacing Ahmad Shukeiri, after Fatah became the dominant force in the PLO.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 21
| [[Denis Michael Rohan]], an Australian Christian working on an Israeli [[kibbutz]], set fire to the [[Qibli Mosque|Al Aqsa Mosque]] in Jerusalem, causing extensive damage and destroying the 12th century [[Minbar of the al-Aqsa Mosque|minbar]].<ref>Vassiliev, Alexei (2012) ''King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. Personality, Faith and Times''. Saqi. {{ISBN|978-0-86356-689-9}}. p. 333</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 22–25
| [[King Faisal bin Abdul Aziz|King Faisal]] of [[Saudi Arabia]] convened a conference in [[Rabat]], [[Morocco]], to discuss the arson attack on the [[Qibli Mosque|Al Aqsa Mosque]]. The leaders of 25 Muslim states attended and the conference called for Israel to give up territory conquered in 1967. The conference also set up the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] and pledged its support for the Palestinians.<ref>Vassiliev, Alexei (2012) ''King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. Personality, Faith and Times''. Saqi. {{ISBN|978-0-86356-689-9}}. pp. 333, 334</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1970 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 8
| [[Avivim school bus massacre]]: Palestinian militants from Lebanon attacked an Israeli school bus, killing 12 (mostly children) and wounding another 19.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September
| The [[Black September in Jordan|PLO was driven out of Jordan]], decamping to south [[Lebanon]].
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1971 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 2
| [[Murder of the Aroyo children]]. A Palestinian teenager threw a hand grenade into the moving car of the Aroyo family. The children, aged 4 and 7, were killed and the parents injured.<ref name=autogenerated2>"[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=u64qAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RWYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7173,413327 ''Sarasota Herald-Tribune'' – Google News Archive Search]".</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iYIyAAAAIBAJ&pg=6022,906642|title=The Palm Beach Post – Google News Archive Search|website=[[Google News]]}} {{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1972 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 8
| A [[Sabena]] airplane flying from [[Vienna]] to [[Tel Aviv]] was hijacked by four members of [[Black September (group)|Black September]] and held at [[Lod Airport]]. The hijackers demanded the release of 100 Palestinian prisoners. Israeli paratroopers disguised as mechanics entered the aircraft, killed two of the hijackers and released 90 passengers.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 30
| [[Lod Airport massacre]]. Acting on behalf of the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]], [[Japanese Red Army]] members entered Lod Airport's waiting area and fired indiscriminately at staff, passengers and visitors. 24 people were killed and 78 injured.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 9
| [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine|PFLP]] spokesman and author [[Ghassan Kanafani]] and his 17-year-old niece killed by an Israeli car bomb in [[Beirut]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 11
| A grenade thrown within Tel Aviv's bus terminal, claimed to be retaliation for Kanafani's killing, injures 11.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 19
| [[Anis Sayigh|Anis al-Sayigh]], Director of the [[Beirut Center for Palestinian Affairs]], injured by an Israeli letter bomb.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 25
| [[Bassam Abu Sharif]], chief assistant to [[George Habash]], badly injured by Israeli letter bomb delivered to PFLP offices in Beirut.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 5
| [[Ali Hassan Salameh|Ali Hasan Salameh]], a Black September commander, led an attack on an American-owned oil-storage facility at [[Trieste]] in Italy.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 6
| The [[Munich massacre]] of Israeli Olympic athletes by Palestinian militant group, [[Black September (group)|Black September]]. The terrorists killed two of the athletes and took nine hostage, demanding the release of 250 Palestinian and Lebanese prisoners held in Israel. They called their operation "[[Iqrit|Ikrit]] and [[Kafr Bir'im|Biram]]" after two villages in northern Israel. In an airport shoot-out with the West German police, five terrorists were killed, but not before they shot and killed the remaining Israeli hostages. This led Israel to launch reprisal assassinations known as [[Operation Wrath of God]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 11
| [[Zadock Ophir]], a [[Mossad]] clerk at the Israeli embassy in [[Brussels]] shot and badly wounded by a Palestinian.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 19
| [[Ami Shchori]], agricultural attaché at the Israeli embassy in London, killed by an Arab letter bomb.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 17
| [[Wael Zwaiter|Wa'el Zu'aiter]], [[Fatah]]'s representative in Rome, shot dead by Israeli agents.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 8
| [[Mahmoud Hamshari]], PLO representative in [[Paris]], badly wounded by an Israeli bomb. He died a month later.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 28
| Black September gunmen entered the Israeli embassy in [[Bangkok]] and took six Israeli hostage. They demanded the release of 36 Palestinians. The hostages were released unharmed.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1973 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 24
| Hussein Abu-Khair, [[Fatah]] representative in [[Cyprus]], killed by an Israeli bomb in [[Nicosia]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 26
| [[Baruch Cohen]], Mossad director of operations against Palestinians in Europe, killed in [[Madrid]] by a Fatah gunman.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 22
| [[Israeli Air Force]] jets shot down [[Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114]] over [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]], killing 104 passengers and crew.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 6
| Black September gunmen attacked the [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] embassy in [[Khartoum]] demanding the release of [[Abu Dawud (PLO)|Abu Dawud]] held in [[Jordan]]. They murdered the American ambassador, [[Cleo Noel]], the retiring American charge d'affairs, [[George Curtis Moore|George Moore]] and a [[Belgium|Belgian]] diplomat, [[Guy Eid]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 12
| [[Simha Gilzer]], a Mossad agent, shot dead in [[Nicosia]] by Palestinian gunmen.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 6
| [[Basil Al Kubaisi]], a PFLP official, killed by Israeli agents in [[Paris]].<ref>"Arab Extremist Leader Shot to Death in Paris", ''Los Angeles Times'', Saturday, April 7, 1973, p. I-4 ("An Iraqi  law professor, identified in Beirut as a leader of an extremist Palestinian guerrilla group, was shot to death in the center of Paris early Friday... Basil Al Kubaisi")</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 9
| [[Operation Spring of Youth|Operation "Spring of Youth"]]: Israeli commandos raided [[PLO]] targets in [[Beirut]]. After [[Muhammad Youssef al-Najjar]], [[Kamal Adwan]] and [[Kamal Nasser]] were killed at home, the resulting demonstrations brought down the Lebanese government.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 27
| An Israeli [[El Al]] employee was murdered in [[Rome]] by a Palestinian gunman.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 27
| [[Muhammad Boudia]], an [[Algeria]]n member of [[Fatah]], killed in [[Paris]] by an Israeli bomb.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 2
| [[Yosef Alon]], Israeli defense attaché, shot dead outside his home in [[Washington, D.C.]]
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 21
| Mossad gunmen mistook a Moroccan waiter in [[Lillehammer]], [[Norway]] for a perpetrator of the [[Munich massacre]] and shot him dead. Six Israelis captured and put on trial.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October
| [[Yom Kippur War]]. [[Syria]] and [[Egypt]] unleashed a surprise attack on Israeli forces in the [[Golan Heights]] and the [[Sinai Peninsula]] on the [[Yom Kippur|holiest day]] of the [[Hebrew calendar]] and last day of [[Ramadan]]. [[Jordan]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}}, Iraq, and other Arab nations joined in and/or supported the Arab war effort. Many Israeli prisoners of war were tortured and killed by Egypt and Syria while in captivity.<ref>Insight Team of the London Sunday Times, pp. 429, 449</ref><ref name="Sarna p. 148">Sarna p. 148</ref><ref>Abraham Rabinovich, ''The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East'', Random House/Schocken Books (2004) p. 115</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 19
| In a speech to the [[United States Congress|US Congress]], US President [[Richard Nixon]] requested permission to deliver large amounts of weapons to Israel. In response, [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia|King Faisal]] announced that Saudi Arabia would stop all oil shipments to the United States. The [[Netherlands]] was also included in the embargo.{{clarify|date=January 2014}}
|}
<!--------------------------------------------------------->

== 1974–1980s: Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon ==
{{Main|Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Month, Day !! Event(s)
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1974 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 11
| [[Kiryat Shmona massacre]]. The [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command|PFLP–GC]] militia crossed the border into Israel from Lebanon, entered an apartment building and killed all 18 residents. Half were children.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 15
| [[Ma'alot massacre]]. The [[Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] attacked a van killing two [[Israeli Arab]] women, entered an apartment and killed a family, and took over a local school and held 115 students and teachers hostage. 25 Israelis were killed at the school, including 22 children, and 68 were wounded.
|-
|October 14
|The PLO was recognized by the UN General Assembly as the representative of the Palestinian people and was granted the right to participate in the deliberations on Palestine.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 26–29
| The Arab League recognized the PLO as sole representative of the Palestinians.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 13
| Yasser Arafat addressed the United Nations General Assembly.
|-
|November 22
|The [[United Nations General Assembly]] adopts [[Resolution 3236]], which recognizes Palestinians right to self-determination, officiates the U.N.'s contact with the Palestine Liberation Organization, and added the "Question of Palestine" to the U.N. agenda, on top of promoting PLO [[United Nations General Assembly observers|non-observer status]] at UN assemblies, allowing them to participate in all Assembly sessions.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1975 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 4
| [[Savoy Operation]]. Eight Palestinian terrorists in two teams landed by boat in Tel Aviv. Shooting and throwing grenades, they captured the Savoy Hotel and took the guests as hostages. Five hostages were freed and eight killed. Three Israeli soldiers were also killed.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 4
| A [[Ben Yehuda Street bombings#1975|"refrigerator bomb" in Jerusalem]] killed 15 Israelis and wounded 77.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 10
| [[United Nations General Assembly]] [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379|Resolution 3379]], adopted by a vote of 72 to 35 with 32 abstentions, "determines that [[Zionism]] is a form of [[racism]] and racial discrimination". The resolution was revoked by [[UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86|Resolution 46/86]] on December 16, 1991.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 13
| An explosive charge went off near Cafe Naveh on Jaffa Road, near the pedestrian mall. Seven Israeli civilians killed and 45 injured.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1976 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 3
| [[Ben Yehuda Street bombings|Ben Yehuda Street]] in Jerusalem bombed by Palestinian terrorists. 33 civilians injured.<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=101419 A Short History of Terror] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519235532/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=101419 |date=2009-05-19 }}, ''[[Ha'aretz]]''.</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 4
| [[Operation Entebbe|Operation "Entebbe"]]. Air France Flight 139, originating in [[Tel Aviv]], took off from [[Athens]], Greece, heading for [[Paris]]. It was hijacked by four terrorists (two from the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] and two from the radical German militant group [[Revolutionary Cells (German group)|Revolutionary Cells]]). Israel performed a rescue mission to free the 248 passengers and 12 crew members held hostage at [[Entebbe Airport]] in [[Uganda]].
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1977 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 3
| [[Mahmud Salih]], [[PLO]] representative in [[Paris]] and manager of an Arab bookshop, killed by Israeli agents.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1978 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 4
| [[Said Hammami|Sa'id Hammami]], [[PLO]] representative in [[London]] and well-known [[War dove|dove]], killed by an [[Abu Nidal]] gunman.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 11
| [[Coastal Road massacre]]. [[Fatah]] Palestinians killed an American photographer, hijacked a load bus and killed 38 more Israelis, including 13 children, and wounded 76.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 14
| [[Operation Litani|Operation "Litani"]]. Israel, in alliance with the mostly Christian [[South Lebanon Army]], launched a limited-scope invasion of Lebanon and attempted to push Palestinian militant groups away from the Israel border. The seven-day offensive resulted in 100,000 to 285,000 refugees created and between 300 and 1,200 Lebanese and Palestinian militants and civilians killed.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 15
| [[Ali Yassin]], PLO representative in [[Kuwait]], killed by a member of the [[Abu Nidal]] group.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 5
| [[Yizz al-Din Qalaq]], PLO representative in [[Paris]] and well-known [[War dove|dove]], killed by an Abu Nidal gunman.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 17
| Israeli Prime Minister [[Menachem Begin]] and Egyptian President [[Anwar Sadat]] signed the [[Camp David Accord]], in which Israel agreed to withdraw from the [[Sinai Peninsula]] in exchange for peace and a framework for future negotiation over the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza Strip]].
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1979 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 22
| [[Ali Hassan Salameh]], head of Yasser Arafat's security unit [[Force 17]], killed by an Israeli car bomb in Beirut.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 14
| An Israeli was killed and 13 people injured when an explosive charge blew up in a trash can in [[Zion Square]], Jerusalem.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 26
| [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty]]. Egypt became the first Arab country to recognize Israel officially.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 22
| [[Samir Kuntar]], a PLO operative, killed four Israelis in [[Nahariya]], including two girls aged four and two.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1980 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"|October 5
|A parcel bomb blast in a postal office in [[Givatayim]], [[Tel Aviv]] killing three people and wounding seven others, and left material damage. The authorities said that de PFLP-GC carried the attack.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/10/06/archives/parcel-bomb-kills-3-at-an-israeli-post-office-letter-bombs-used.html|title=Parcel Bomb Kills 3 at an Israeli Post Office; Letter Bombs Used Since 1972|work=The New York Times|date=6 October 1980 |accessdate=2023-03-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/10/06/Palestinian-guerrillas-claimed-responsibility-for-a-grenade-packed-in/8388339652800/|title=Palestinian guerrillas claimed responsibility for a grenade packed in|work=UPI News|accessdate=2023-03-20}}</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1981 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 1
| [[Na'im Khudr]], PLO representative in [[Brussels]] and well-known [[War dove|dove]], killed by an Abu Nidal gunman.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 17
| Israel bombed the [[PLO]] headquarters in a civilian area of [[Beirut]], causing over 300 civilian deaths. The United States brokered a fragile cease-fire.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 29
| Abu Nidal terrorists [[1981 Vienna synagogue attack|attacked Vienna's ''Stadttempel'']], the [[Austria]]n capital's principal synagogue.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 9
| [[Majid Abu Sharar]], a prominent member of [[Fatah]], killed by an Israeli bomb in [[Rome]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 20
| A [[1981 Antwerp bombing|truck bomb exploded in Antwerp, Belgium]] outside a Portuguese Jewish synagogue.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1982 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 15
| Israel, allied with Lebanese Christians, launched [[Operation Peace for Galilee|Operation "Peace for Galilee"]], an invasion of southern [[Lebanon]] against PLO, Syrian and Muslim Lebanese forces, claiming its purpose was to remove PLO forces camped there after several PLO cease-fire violations. The most notable of these was the [[Abu Nidal Organization]] attempt to assassinate [[Shlomo Argov]], Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom. As a result, the PLO leadership relocated to [[Tunis]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September
| [[Sabra and Shatila massacre]]. Lebanese [[Phalangists]] [[Sabra and Shatila massacre|massacred]] between 762 and 3,500 civilians, mostly [[Palestinian people|Palestinians]] and [[Shia Islam in Lebanon|Lebanese Shiites]], in [[Shatila refugee camp|Sabra and the Shatila refugee camp]]. While no Israeli soldiers were present in the fighting, Israeli [[Defense Minister]], [[Ariel Sharon]], was found to be indirectly responsible by negligence for the massacre by the [[Kahan Commission]], and was asked to resign his position. The commission's conclusions were controversial and remain a subject of debate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/863553/Elie-Hobeika|title=Elie Hobeika - Lebanese militia leader|website=britannica.com}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"|  9 October 1982
| [[Great Synagogue of Rome attack]].The 1982 Great Synagogue of Rome attack, which was carried out by armed Palestinian militants at the entrance to the Great Synagogue of Rome, took place on 9 October 1982 at 11:55&nbsp;a.m. A 2-year-old toddler, Stefano Gaj Taché, was killed in the attack, while 37 civilians were injured.
|}
<!--------------------------------------------------------->

== 1980s ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Month, Day !! Event(s)
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1980 ===
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 2
| Israeli settlers attempted to assassinate mayors of [[Nablus]] and [[Ramallah]] in a [[June 1980 West Bank bombings|series of car bombings]].
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1982 ===
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 11
| Israeli-American reservist Alan Harry Goodman [[1982 Dome of the Rock shooting|killed two Palestinians and injured seven others]] at the [[Dome of the Rock]].
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1983 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 10
| [[Isam Sartawi]], a close associate of [[Yasser Arafat]] and prominent [[War dove|dove]], killed by an Abu Nidal gunman in [[Lisbon]].
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 26
| Members from the [[Jewish Underground]] carried out [[1983 Hebron University attack|an attack at Hebron University]], killing three Palestinian students and injured more than thirty others.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August
| The Israeli Army withdrew from most of [[Lebanon]] in August 1983, maintaining a self-proclaimed "Security Zone" in the south.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 8
| [[Murder of Danny Katz]]: the body of a 14-year-old Israeli was found mutilated with evidence of [[strangulation]], [[torture]], and [[sexual assault]]. Five Arabs were convicted of the murder.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.walla.co.il/?w=//1336058|title=פרשות היעלמות הילדים שהסעירו את ישראל - וואלה! חדשות|website=walla.co.il|date=25 August 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/LH/lib00132,0EB7366DE1D2241E.html|title=Lexington Herald Leader: Search Results|website=docs.newsbank.com}}</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1985 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 9
| Sana'a Mouhadly of the [[Syrian Social Nationalist Party]] detonated herself in an explosive-laden vehicle in Lebanon, killing two Israeli soldiers and injuring two more, becoming the first reported [[female suicide bomber]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 1
| After three Israeli civilians were killed on board a yacht off the coast of Cyprus by the PLO's [[Force 17]], the [[Israeli Air Force]] carried out [[Operation Wooden Leg|Operation "Wooden Leg"]], striking the PLO base in Tunis and killing 60 PLO members.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 7
| The [[Palestine Liberation Front]] hijacked the ''[[MS Achille Lauro|Achille Lauro]]'', redirecting the cruise ship to Syria and holding its passengers and crew hostage, demanding the release of 50 Palestinians in Israeli prisons. One man was murdered; [[Leon Klinghoffer]], a Jewish American, who was celebrating his 36th wedding anniversary with his wife upon the ''Achille Lauro''. He was shot in the forehead and chest while sitting in his wheelchair.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 27
| Intending to hijack [[El Al]] jets and blow them up over [[Tel Aviv]], [[Fatah – Revolutionary Council]] gunmen [[Rome and Vienna airport attacks|opened fire with rifles and grenades at the international airports in Rome and Vienna]], killing 18 civilians and wounding 138. Six of the seven terrorists were either killed or captured.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1986 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 5
|[[Pan Am Flight 73]] Boeing 747-121, flying between [[Mumbai]]-[[Karachi]]-[[Frankfurt]]-[[New York City|New York]], was hijacked while on the ground at Karachi airport, Pakistan, by four armed Palestinian men of the [[Abu Nidal Organization]]. 360 passengers were on board. 19 passengers and 2 crew members were killed during the hijacking, including 12 Indians. 1 hijacker is serving prison sentence in the US, while 3 hijackers and 1 supporter escaped from prison in Pakistan in January 2008 and are still missing.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 4
| Students of [[Birzeit University]] began to stage [[December 1986 Birzeit University protests|protests against Israel]] until December 16. Four Palestinians were killed by the Israeli military during the demonstrations.
|-
|colspan="2"|

===1987 (before the First Intifada)===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 9
| [[February 1987 Palestinian unrest|Civil unrest broke out]] across the Occupied Palestinian territories after Israeli soldiers used live ammunition to disperse a demonstration held at the [[Balata Camp]], in the West Bank.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 25
| [[Spring 1987 West Bank unrest|Civil unrest broke out]] in the West Bank and lasted until 15 April.
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 6
| Israeli settlers [[1987 Dheisheh attack|attacked]] the [[Dheisheh|Dheisheh refugee camp]] in the West Bank.
|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 24
| [[1987 Arab citizens of Israel general strikes]]

|}
<!--------------------------------------------------------->

== 1987–1991: First Intifada ==
{{Main|First Intifada}}

The [[First Intifada]] began with violence, riots, general strikes, and civil disobedience campaigns by Palestinians spread across the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israeli forces responded with tear gas, plastic bullets, and live ammunition against the demonstrators.

After the outbreak of the First Intifada, Shaikh [[Ahmed Yassin]] created [[Hamas]] from the Gaza wing of the [[Egypt]]ian [[Muslim Brotherhood]]. Until that point the Muslim Brotherhood in Gaza had enjoyed the support of the Israeli authorities and had refrained from violent attacks. However, Hamas quickly began attacks on Israeli military targets, and subsequently, Israeli civilians.

The Israeli army killed more than 1,000 Palestinians in the First Intifada whilst 164 Israelis were killed. Allegedly almost half (1,000) of the total Palestinian casualties were caused by internal fighting among Palestinian factions.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Month, Day
! Event(s)
|-
|colspan="2" style="font-weight: 700; font-size:1.17em"| 1987
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 22
| Cartoonist [[Naji al-Ali]] shot in the head whilst walking a [[London]] street. He died of his injuries on 21 August 1987. It was later revealed that those believed to be responsible were being managed by [[Mossad]] agents.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 25
| Six Israeli soldiers killed by infiltrators who flew over the Lebanese border on [[Night of the Gliders|hang gliders]]
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 8
| Four Palestinian workers from [[Jabalya refugee camp]] were killed when an Israeli army tank transporter drove into their mini-bus at the [[Erez crossing]].
|-
|colspan="2"| <span style="font-weight: 700; font-size:1.17em">1988</span>

During 1988, 289 Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza were killed by the Israeli security forces, and an additional 15 killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period six Israeli civilians and four members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.<ref name="btselem.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.btselem.org/statistics/first_intifada_tables|title=Fatalities in the first Intifada|website=B'Tselem}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 16
| [[Abu Jihad]] (Khalil al-Wazir), head of [[PLO]]'s military operations, killed in his home in [[Tunis]] by a seaborne Israeli assassination squad.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 1
| King Hussein of Jordan abandoned to the [[PLO]] its claim for the West Bank.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE0DD123DF932A3575BC0A96E948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all|title=HUSSEIN SURRENDERS CLAIMS ON WEST BANK TO THE P.L.O.; U.S. PEACE PLAN IN JEOPARDY; Internal Tensions|first=John Kifner and Special To the New York|last=Times|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 1988}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 15
| An independent [[State of Palestine]] was proclaimed by the [[Palestinian National Council]] meeting in [[Algiers]], by a vote of 253 to 46.
|-
|December 15
|The UN General Assembly approves [[Resolution 43/177]], acknowledging the [[Palestinian Declaration of Independence]] and replacing the designating "Palestine" rather than "PLO" in the U.N.'s system.
|-
|colspan="2"|

<span style="font-weight: 700; font-size:1.17em">1989</span>

During 1989, 285 Palestinians were killed by the Israeli security forces, and an additional 17 killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period 19 Israeli civilians and six members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.<ref name="btselem.org" />

|-
| style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 13
| [[Israel Border Police]] [[13 April 1989 Nahalin raid|raided]] the village of [[Nahalin]] in the West Bank, killing five Palestinian youths.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 16
| The [[Tel Aviv Jerusalem bus 405 massacre]]: the first Palestinian [[suicide attack]] inside Israel's borders.
|-
|colspan="2"|

<span style="font-weight: 700; font-size:1.17em">1990</span>

During 1990, 125 Palestinians were killed by the Israeli security forces, and an additional nine killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period four Israeli civilians and three members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.<ref name="btselem.org" />
|-
|colspan="2"|

<span style="font-weight: 700; font-size:1.17em">1991</span>

During 1991, 91 Palestinians were killed by the Israeli security forces, and an additional six killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period seven Israeli civilians and one member of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.<ref name="btselem.org" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 14
| [[Salah Khalaf|Abu Iyad]], second in command of [[Fatah]] and opposed to [[Yasser Arafat]]'s support of [[Saddam Hussein]], was killed in [[Tunis]] by [[Abu Nidal]] recruit [[Hamza Abu Zaid]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| Gulf War
| When the U.S.-led coalition fought to [[Gulf War|get Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait]], Hussein attempted to draw Israel into the war and fired 39 [[Scud missile]]s into Israel. To avoid disrupting the U.S.-led coalition, Israel did not retaliate.
|}
<!--------------------------------------------------------->

== 1991–present: Peace process ==
{{Israel–Palestinian peace process |Primary}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Month, Day !! Event(s)
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1991 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 30
| [[Madrid Conference]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 16
| [[United Nations]] [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution|General Assembly Resolution]] 4686 revoked [[UN General Assembly Resolution 3379|Resolution 3379]] of November 10, 1975 (on Zionism and racism) by a vote of 111 to 25 and 13 abstentions.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1992 ===
During 1992, 19 Israeli civilians and 15 members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians. In the same period, 136 Palestinians were killed by the Israeli army. An additional two were killed by Israeli civilians.<ref name="btselem.org" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 24
| [[Murder of Helena Rapp]]: 15-year-old Israeli girl was stabbed to death on the way to school by a Palestinian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://laad.btl.gov.il/Web/He/TerrorVictims/Page/Default.aspx?ID=38206&fbrefresh=1|title=הלנה ראפ זל|website=btl.gov.il|access-date=2018-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517153328/http://laad.btl.gov.il/Web/He/TerrorVictims/Page/Default.aspx?ID=38206&fbrefresh=1|archive-date=2018-05-17|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mobile.salon.com/opinion/feature/2007/11/26/two_state/index1.html|title=archive.ph|website=archive.ph|access-date=2022-09-28|archive-date=2012-07-10|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710153026/http://mobile.salon.com/opinion/feature/2007/11/26/two_state/index1.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.jta.org/article/1992/05/26/2876900/arab-who-killed-15yearold-girl-captured-just-as-mobs-converge|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323235941/http://archive.jta.org/article/1992/05/26/2876900/arab-who-killed-15yearold-girl-captured-just-as-mobs-converge|url-status=dead|title=Arab Who Killed 15-year-old Girl Captured Just As Mobs Converge--|archive-date=March 23, 2012}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June
| [[Labor Party (Israel)|Labour Party]] leader [[Yitzhak Rabin]] elected [[Prime Minister of Israel]].
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1993 ===
During 1993, 165 Palestinians were killed by the Israeli army. An additional 15 were killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period 36 Israeli civilians and 25 members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.<ref name="btselem.org" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April
| [[Mehola Junction bombing]], the first suicide attack by Hamas. One Palestinian bystander was killed by the blast, and eight Israeli soldiers were slightly injured.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 20
| [[Yasser Arafat]] and [[Yitzhak Rabin]] signed the [[Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government]] in Oslo. This event is also seen by many people as the definitive end to the [[First Intifada]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scs.student.virginia.edu/~irouva/conferences/vics/guides/ArabLeague.pdf#search=%22timeline+of+first+intifada+end+site::.edu%22|title=Student Council Server|website=scs.student.virginia.edu|access-date=2006-08-25|archive-date=2006-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905165600/http://scs.student.virginia.edu/%7Eirouva/conferences/vics/guides/ArabLeague.pdf#search=%22timeline+of+first+intifada+end+site::.edu%22|url-status=dead}}</ref> (although some argue it had effectively ended by 1991–1992). By 1993, the violence of the Intifada had claimed the lives of 1162 Palestinians and 160 Israelis.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1994 ===
During 1994, 110 Palestinians were killed by the Israeli security forces, and an additional 38 killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period 58 Israeli civilians and 16 members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.<ref name="btselem.org" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 25
| [[Cave of the Patriarchs massacre]]. [[Baruch Goldstein]] opened fire on Palestinian Muslims worshipping at the [[Ibrahimi Mosque]], killing 29 and injuring 125. He was subsequently overpowered and beaten to death by survivors.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 6
| Hamas carried out their [[Afula bus suicide bombing|first suicide bombing]], in [[Afula]], Israel, killing 5 people and the suicide bomber.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 13
| [[Hadera bus station suicide bombing]] by [[Hamas]], killing 8 people.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 18
| Israeli forces withdrew from [[Jericho]] and [[Gaza City]] in compliance with the [[Oslo accords]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July
| Yasser Arafat returned from exile to head the [[Palestinian National Authority]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 19
| 22 Israelis killed by a [[Dizengoff Street bus bombing|Hamas suicide attack on a bus in Tel Aviv]]. This was the first major suicide bombing in Tel Aviv.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 26
| With mediation provided by the United States, the [[Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace]] was signed by Yitzhak Rabin and King Hussein.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 30
| [[Afula axe attack]]: A Palestinian killed a 19-year-old female Israeli soldier with an axe.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120713091731/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72300639.html?dids=72300639:72300639&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT Arab Kills Female Israeli Soldier With Ax]  – published in ''[[The Washington Post]]'' on December 1, 1994</ref><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JwNVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LpQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5965,40717 Arab Kills Israeli Woman Soldier] – published in the ''[[Ellensburg Daily Record]]'' on December 1, 1994</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 10
| [[Yitzhak Rabin]], [[Shimon Peres]] and [[Yasser Arafat]] awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1995 ===
During 1995, 42 Palestinians were killed by the Israeli security forces, and an additional three killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period 16 Israeli civilians and 30 members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.<ref name="btselem.org" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 22
| [[Beit Lid massacre]]: a double suicide bombing by the [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] killed 21 in one of the biggest attacks which further divided the Israeli public over the peace process.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 9
| [[Kfar Darom bus attack]]: eight Israelis were killed and 52 injured in an Islamic Jihad suicide bombing.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DjNn6C6fPQC&q=alisa+flatow+born&pg=PT326|title=Cases and Materials on Civil Terrorism Law|first1=David J.|last1=Strachman|first2=James P.|last2=Steck|date=17 May 2018|publisher=Lawyers & Judges Publishing Company|via=Google Books|isbn=9781933264462}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 24
| [[Ramat Gan bus bombing]]: six Israelis killed and 33 wounded in a Hamas suicide bombing.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UIBzCC0c2McC&q=1995+ramat+gan+bus+bombing+hamasTerrorism%2C&pg=PA845|title=Terrorism, 1992-1995: A Chronology of Events and a Selectively Annotated Bibliography|first1=Edward F.|last1=Mickolus|first2=Susan L.|last2=Simmons|date=17 May 1997|publisher=ABC-CLIO|via=Google Books|isbn=9780313304682}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 21
| [[Ramat Eshkol bus bombing]]: five Israelis killed in a Hamas suicide bombing and over 100 injured.<ref name=nyt19950822>{{cite news |last=Schmemann |first=Serge |title=Bus Bombing Kills Five in Jerusalem; 100 Are Wounded |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/22/world/bus-bombing-kills-five-in-jerusalem-100-are-wounded.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |newspaper=The New York Times |date=22 August 1995}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 28
| [[Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip]], also known as [[Oslo accords|Oslo II]], signed in Washington, D.C.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 4
| Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin assassinated in [[Tel Aviv]] by Jewish extremist [[Yigal Amir]]. Shimon Peres assumed the position of acting Prime Minister.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1996 ===
During 1996, 69 Palestinians and 4 Lebanese militants were killed by the Israeli security forces, and an additional five killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period 41 Israeli civilians and 34 members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.<ref name="btselem.org" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 5
| [[Shin Bet]] kill [[Yahya Ayyash]], commander of the [[Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades]], using a telephone bomb.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 25&nbsp;–<br />March 4
| A series of [[suicide attack]]s in Jerusalem ([[Jerusalem bus 18 suicide bombings]] and in the [[French Hill attacks|French Hill]]), Tel Aviv and [[Ashkelon]] left more than 60 Israelis dead. These events were said to have had a major impact on the Israeli elections in May.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 11–27
| Operation "Grapes of Wrath" and the [[1996 shelling of Qana|shelling of Qana]]. Operation "Grapes of Wrath" (Hebrew: מבצע ענבי זעם) was the Israeli Defense Force's code-name (Hezbollah calls it April War) for a sixteen-day campaign against Lebanon in 1996. Israel conducted more than 1,100 air raids and extensive shelling (some 25,000 shells). 639 Hezbollah cross-border rocket attacks targeted northern Israel, particularly the town of Kiryat Shemona. The conflict escalated on April 18 when Israeli artillery killed 106 civilians in a technical error and Israeli warplanes killed nine other civilians in the city of Nabatiyeh while sleeping in their two-story building. The conflict was de-escalated on 27 April by a ceasefire agreement banning attacks on civilians.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May
| [[Likud]]'s leader [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] [[1996 Israeli prime ministerial election|elected Prime Minister of Israel]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 9
| [[Murder of Yaron and Efrat Ungar]]: Married Israeli couple shot dead by Palestinian gunmen while driving with their one-year-old son.<ref>{{cite news |page=17A |newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |date=April 13, 1997 |type=News: National and Foreign |title=2 Israeli Families Find Common Bond In Death; Hamas Cell Accused Of Killing Their Children And Nine Others |author=Ann LoLordo |access-date=November 3, 2012 |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/1997/04/13/2-israeli-families-find-common-bond-in-death-hamas-cell-accused-of-killing-their-children-and-nine-others/ |archive-date=October 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014090301/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1997-04-13/news/1997103083_1_edri-dasberg-israeli-security |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Violence">{{cite news |page=1A |newspaper=[[Miami Herald]] |date=June 11, 1996 |type= Front |title=New Violence In Israel Comes At Time Of Delicate Transition |author=John Donnelly |access-date=October 23, 2012 |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&p_theme=mh&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring="NEW%20VIOLENCE%20IN%20ISRAEL%20COMES"%20AND%20date(all)&p_field_advanced-0=&p_text_advanced-0=("NEW%20VIOLENCE%20IN%20ISRAEL%20COMES")Êl_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:DÊl_useweights=no}}</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1997 ===
During 1997, 18 Palestinians were killed by the Israeli security forces, and an additional five killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period 31 Israeli civilians were killed by Palestinians.<ref name="btselem.org" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 15–17
| [[Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron]] signed. The agreement called for an [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] withdrawal from 80% of Hebron, and initiation of withdrawal from rural areas in the West Bank, as well as remaining parts of the West Bank apart from settlements and military locations. Israel and the PA agreed to begin negotiations on the permanent status agreement to be completed by May 4, 1999.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 13
| [[Island of Peace massacre]]: A Jordanian soldier opened fire on a large group of Israeli schoolgirls, killing 7 of them and injuring 6.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jordan Soldier Convicted In Killings of Israeli Girls |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/20/world/jordan-soldier-convicted-in-killings-of-israeli-girls.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 July 1997 |access-date=2 November 2012}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 21
| [[Cafe Apropo bombing]]: Palestinian suicide bomber killed 3 Israeli women and injured 48.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/64144587.html?dids=64144587:64144587&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+24%2C+1997&author=JON+IMMANUEL+and+Jerusalem+Post+Staff&pub=Jerusalem+Post |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629085841/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/64144587.html?dids=64144587:64144587&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+24,+1997&author=JON+IMMANUEL+and+Jerusalem+Post+Staff&pub=Jerusalem+Post |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |work=Jerusalem Post |first1=Jon |last1=Immanuel |title=Ya'alon: Arafat okayed terror Army chiefs warn of future attacks |date=March 24, 1997}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 30
| 16 Israelis killed in a double suicide attack in the major market of Jerusalem. This was the worst killing during Netanyahu's time which is regarded as a relatively quiet period. Netanyahu attributed this to his [[tit-for-tat]] policy and his objection to the [[Revolving door policy (alleged Palestinian Authority policy)|Palestinian revolving door policy]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 4
| A Hamas suicide bombing at a pedestrian mall in Jerusalem killed five Israelis, including three 14-year-old girls,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://icarusfilms.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020192816/http://icarusfilms.com/new2000/bomb.html|url-status=dead|title=Icarus Films|archive-date=October 20, 2009|website=icarusfilms.com}}</ref> and led to [[Chicago's Persian heritage crisis]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 25
| [[Mossad]] agents failed in an attempt to kill [[Hamas]] member [[Khaled Mashal]] in [[Amman]].
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1998 ===
During 1998, 21 Palestinians were killed by the Israeli security forces, an additional seven killed by Israeli civilians. In the same period nine Israeli civilians and three members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.<ref name="btselem.org" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 23
| [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] and [[Yasser Arafat]] signed the [[Wye River Memorandum]] at a summit in [[Maryland]] hosted by [[Bill Clinton]]. The sides agreed on steps to facilitate implementation of the [[Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip|Interim Agreement]] on the West Bank and Gaza Strip of September 28, 1995 and other related agreements including the [[Hebron Protocol]] of January 17, 1997 so that the Israeli and Palestinian sides could more effectively carry out their reciprocal responsibilities, including those relating to further redeployments and security.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 1999 ===
During 1999, eight Palestinians were killed by the Israeli security forces. In the same period two Israeli civilians and two members of the Israeli armed forces were killed by Palestinians.<ref name="btselem.org" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 17
| [[Ehud Barak]] of the [[Labor Party (Israel)|Labour Party]] [[1999 Israeli prime ministerial election|elected Prime Minister]] under the [[One Israel]] banner.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2000 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 24
| The Israeli Army withdrew from southern [[Lebanon]], in compliance with [[U.N. Resolution 425]]. Syria and Lebanon insisted that the withdrawal was incomplete, claiming the [[Shebaa Farms]] as Lebanese and still under occupation. The UN certified full Israeli withdrawal.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July
| The [[Camp David 2000 Summit|Camp David Summit]] between Israeli Prime Minister [[Ehud Barak]] and Palestinian Authority Chairman [[Yasser Arafat]] aimed at reaching a "final status" agreement. The summit concluded without an agreement.
|}
<!--------------------------------------------------------->

== 2000–2005: Al-Aqsa Intifada ==
{{Main|Second Intifada}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Month, Day !! Event(s)
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2000 ===
{{Main|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2000}}

|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 28–29
| Right-wing Israeli [[Leader of the Opposition (Israel)|opposition leader]] [[Ariel Sharon]] visited the [[Temple Mount]], which is administered by a [[Waqf]]. (Under Israeli law, each religious group is granted administration of their holy sites.) The day after the visit, violent confrontations erupted between Muslims and Israeli Police. The uprising became known as the [[Al-Aqsa Intifada]] after Sharon's visit, for the [[Temple Mount|Masjid Al-Aqsa]] also known as the Temple Mount compound (holy also to Jews and Christians). This event is considered by some to be one of the possible catalysts of the second intifada. Palestinian leaders (including the Palestinian Minister of Communication, [[Imhad Falouji]]) later admitted publicly that the Intifada had been planned since the end of the Camp David negotiations. A campaign of suicide bombings and terrorist attacks began on September 29, 2000 and within five years left over 1,068 Israelis dead and over 7,000 injured—69 percent of them civilians. Approximately 3,000 Palestinians were also killed in this conflict.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 1–9
| [[October 2000 events]] in Israel, solidarity demonstrations held by Palestinian citizens residing in Israel escalated into clashes with Israeli police and Israeli Jewish citizens. 13 Arab civilians (12 with Israeli citizenship) were shot and killed by Israeli police and one Jewish civilian killed by a Palestinian. In a [[2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid|Hezbollah cross-border raid]], 3 Israeli soldiers were killed and their bodies kidnapped and Northern Israel was shelled in an attempt to ignite the Israeli–Lebanese border too, but Israelis decided on limited response.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 12
| [[The lynching in Ramallah]], two Israeli reservists accidentally entered Ramallah, to be arrested by [[Palestinian Security Forces]], later to be publicly lynched and videotaped inside the police station.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 22
| Two Israeli women killed and 60 civilians wounded in a car bomb attack in [[Hadera]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 10
| Prime Minister of Israel [[Ehud Barak]] resigned.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2001 ===
{{Main|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2001}}
{{See also|Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel}}

In 2001, Hamas began firing rockets towards Israeli areas. The weapons used initially were home made with of limited range and destructive capability. These were later replaced with military grade rockets.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2014-12-10|title=A Classical Analysis of the 2014 Israel-Hamas Conflict|url=https://ctc.usma.edu/a-classical-analysis-of-the-2014-israel-hamas-conflict/|access-date=2020-06-16|website=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030155234/https://ctc.usma.edu/a-classical-analysis-of-the-2014-israel-hamas-conflict/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 21–27
| [[Taba Summit]]. Peace talks between Israel and the Palestinian Authority aimed to reach the "final status" of negotiations. [[Ehud Barak]] temporarily withdrew from negotiations during the Israeli elections, and subsequently [[Ariel Sharon]] refused to continue negotiating in the face of the newly erupted violence.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 6
| [[Ariel Sharon]] of [[Likud]] [[2001 Israeli prime ministerial election|elected Prime Minister]] and refused to continue negotiations with [[Yasser Arafat]] at the [[Taba Summit]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 26
| [[Murder of Shalhevet Pass]], a 10-month-old Israeli baby was shot dead by a Palestinian sniper.<ref name="google2">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=69IFhGwrwAAC&q=Shalhevet+Pass&pg=PR13 |title=Where's My Miracle? |author=Morey Schwartz |publisher=Gefen Publishing House Ltd |date=March 26, 2001 |access-date=October 7, 2012|isbn=9789652294845 }}</ref> The Israeli public was  shocked when the investigation concluded that the sniper deliberately aimed for the baby.<ref name=education>{{cite web|url=http://www.education.gov.il/children/page_23.htm |quote=On Monday, March 26, 2001 a Palestinian sniper aimed his rifle and opened fire at 10-month-old Shalhevet Pass in Hebron, while she was lying in her stroller. Shalhevet was killed by a bullet to the head. |title=Target: Israeli Children |publisher=[[Education Minister of Israel|Israeli Ministry of Education]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023202452/http://www.education.gov.il/children/page_23.htm |archive-date=October 23, 2013 }}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 1
| [[Dolphinarium massacre]]. A Hamas suicide bomber exploded himself at the entrance of a club. 21 Israelis killed, over 100 injured, all youth. Five months prior to the bombing, there was a failed terrorist attempt at the same spot.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 9
| [[Sbarro restaurant massacre]]. A suicide bomber wearing an explosive belt weighing 5 to 10 kilograms, containing explosives, nails, nuts and bolts, detonated his bomb. In the blast 15 people (including 7 children and a pregnant woman) were killed, and 130 wounded. Both [[Hamas]] and the [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Islamic Jihad]] initially claimed responsibility.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 27
| [[Abu Ali Mustafa]], the General Secretary of the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]], was assassinated by an Israeli missile shot by an Apache helicopter through his office window in Ramallah.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1511515.stm |title=Israel kills key Palestinian leader |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=August 27, 2001 |access-date=May 22, 2010}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 17
| Israeli Tourism Minister [[Rehavam Zeevi]] assassinated in [[Jerusalem]] by members of the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 1
| 11 Israeli civilians, nine of them teenagers, were killed and 188 injured in a Hamas suicide bombing attack.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/12/Suicide%20bombing%20at%20the%20Ben-Yehuda%20pedestrian%20mall http://www.mfa.gov.il] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040618133459/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/12/Suicide%20bombing%20at%20the%20Ben-Yehuda%20pedestrian%20mall |date=2004-06-18 }}</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2002 ===
{{Main|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2002}}

|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 13
| The United States pushed through the passage of [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1397|Resolution 1397]] by the Security Council, demanding an "immediate cessation of all acts of violence" and "affirming a vision of a region where two states, Israel and Palestine, live side by side within secure and recognized borders".
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 14
| Israeli forces continued the raid on [[Ramallah]] and other [[West Bank]] towns. A helicopter attack near [[Tulkarm]] killed [[Mutasen Hammad]] and two bystanders. A bomb in [[Gaza City]] destroyed an Israeli tank which was escorting settlers, killing 3 soldiers and wounding 2. A car bomb in [[Tulkarm]] exploded, killing 4 Palestinians. Palestinians executed two accused collaborators in [[Bethlehem]], planning to hang one of the corpses near the [[Church of the Nativity]] until Palestinian police stopped them.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 27
| [[Passover massacre]], the Park Hotel in Netanya held a big [[Passover]] dinner for its 250 guests. A Palestinian suicide bomber entered the hotel's dining room and detonated an explosive device, killing 30 people and injuring around 140, all civilians. [[Hamas]] claims responsibility.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 28
| The [[Beirut Summit]] approved the Saudi peace proposal.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 29
| Israeli forces began [[Operation Defensive Shield|Operation "Defensive Shield"]], Israel's largest military operation in the [[West Bank]] since the 1967 [[Six-Day War]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 30
| A [[suicide bomber]] exploded in a [[Tel Aviv]] café at around 9:30&nbsp;pm local time, wounding 32 people. President George W. Bush and Secretary of State Colin Powell (USA) called on [[Yasser Arafat|Yasir Arafat]] to condemn the wave of suicide bombings in Arabic, to his own people. Israeli spokespeople made similar demands. Arafat went on television and swore in Arabic that he would "die a martyr, a martyr, a martyr". Members of Arafat's personal Al-Aqsa brigade stated that they would refuse any form of cease-fire, and that they would continue suicide bombings of civilians in Israel.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 31
| [[Matza restaurant massacre]], a Palestinian Hamas bomber blew himself up in an Arab-owned restaurant in Haifa, killing 15 and injuring over 40 people.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April
| Israeli troops exchanged gunfire with guards of [[Yasser Arafat|Yasir Arafat]] in [[Ramallah]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 2
| Israeli troops occupied [[Bethlehem]]. Dozens of armed Palestinian gunmen occupied the [[Church of the Nativity]] and held the church and its clergy.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 12
| [[Battle of Jenin (2002)]] (part of [[Operation Defensive Shield|Operation "Defensive Shield"]]). Israeli forces entered a Palestinian [[refugee camp]] in [[Jenin]], where about a quarter of [[suicide bombing]]s since 2000 had been launched from. The battle resulted in the deaths of 23 Israeli soldiers and 52 Palestinians, of which 30–47 were militants and 5–22 were civilians (sources vary). This particular event sparked a great deal of controversy.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 9
| [[Muhammad al-Madani]], governor of [[Bethlehem]], left the [[Church of the Nativity]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 18
| Israeli [[Shin Bet]] officials announced they had arrested six Israelis for conspiring to bomb Palestinian schools in April, including [[Noam Federman]], a leader of the illegal [[Kach and Kahane Chai|Kach movement]] of the late Rabbi [[Meir Kahane]], and [[Menashe Levinger]], son of Rabbi [[Moshe Levinger]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June
| Israel began construction of the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]] to prevent suicide bombers from entering Israel.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 18
| [[Patt junction massacre]], a Palestinian Suicide bomber, an Islamic law student and member of Hamas, detonated a belt filled with metal balls for shrapnel on a bus in Jerusalem. 19 Israelis were killed, and over 74 wounded.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 24
| U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] called for an independent [[Palestinian state]] living in peace with Israel. Bush stated that Palestinian leaders must take steps to produce democratic reforms, and fiscal accountability, in order to improve the negotiations with Israel. He also stated that as Palestinians show control over terrorism, Israel must end operations in the West Bank, and in areas which it entered under [[Operation Defensive Shield|Operation "Defensive Shield"]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mideastweb.org/bushspeech1.htm|title=George Bush Speech on Israel-Palestinian Settlement June 2002|website=www.mideastweb.org}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 16
| [[2002 Immanuel bus attack]]. Palestinian militants ambushed a bus and killed 9 Israeli civilians, including infants. The youngest victim of the Second Intifada was among them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2002/2/Weinberg%20infant|title=Weinberg infant|website=mfa.gov.il}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pDNSAAAAIBAJ&pg=7262,4260253|title=The Victoria Advocate - Google News Archive Search|website=[[Google News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ytNRAAAAIBAJ&pg=1828,4143692|title=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Google News Archive Search|website=[[Google News]]}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 22
| An Israeli warplane fired a missile at an apartment in Gaza City, killing the top of their most-wanted list, Salah Shehadeh, chief commander of Hamas' military wing, the [[Izzadine el-Qassam]]. The apartment building was flattened and 14 civilians were killed, including eight children.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2002-07-22-israel-strike2_x.htm|title=USATODAY.com - Israeli strike kills Hamas leader, at least 14 others|website=www.usatoday.com}}</ref> Writing in the Hebrew daily, ''Yediot Aharanot'', the conservative Israeli military correspondent, Alex Fishman, explained that this bombing came 90 minutes after the Tanzim, Hamas, and Islamic Jihad had finalized the wording of a unilateral ceasefire, which was to be announced in the Washington Post the following morning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mailman.lbo-talk.org/2002/2002-July/017910.html|title=Tanzim intended to stop terrorism|first=Bryan|last=Atinsky|website=mailman.lbo-talk.org}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 31
| [[Hebrew University massacre]]: nine students—four Israelis and five Americans—were killed by a suicide bomber at the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]], and over 100 injured.<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/08/21/mideast/ Israel arrests suspects in university bombing] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706192144/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/08/21/mideast/ |date=2008-07-06 }}, CNN 21-08-2002</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3111001.stm Remembering Israel's campus blast], BBC 30-07-2003</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 14
| [[Marwan Barghouti]], captured April 15, was indicted by a civilian Israeli court for murdering civilians and membership in a terrorist organisation.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 21
| [[Karkur junction suicide bombing]], 14 Israelis, including seven civilians, killed in an Islamic Jihad suicide bombing in Wadi Ara.<ref>[http://media.www.dailyemerald.com/media/storage/paper859/news/2002/10/22/News/Suicide.Bombing.In.Israel.Kills.At.Least.14.Wounds.40-1978442.shtml ''Suicide bombing in Israel kills at least 14, wounds 40''] {{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Oregon Daily Emerald</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 21
| [[Jerusalem bus 20 massacre]], a Hamas suicide bomber detonated himself on a crowded bus in Jerusalem, killing 11 people, and wounding over 50.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2003 ===
{{Main|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2003}}

|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 5
| [[Tel Aviv central bus station massacre]]. 23 Israeli civilians killed by a Palestinian suicide bomber.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/1/Suicide%20bombing%20at%20old%20central%20bus%20station%20in%20Tel-|title=Suicide bombing near old central bus station in Tel Aviv|website=mfa.gov.il}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 5
| [[Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing]]. 17 Israelis, including 16 civilians and nine children, killed by a Hamas suicide bomber.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2004/1/Suicide%20bombing%20of%20Egged%20bus%20No%2037%20in%20Haifa%20-%205-Ma|title=Haifa suicide bombing|website=mfa.gov.il}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 16
| [[Rachel Corrie]], an American member of the [[International Solidarity Movement]] was crushed by an IDF [[bulldozer]], becoming the first ISM member to die in the conflict. Members of the group who witnessed her death alleged murder, while Israel called it a "regrettable accident".
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 19
| [[Mahmoud Abbas]] appointed Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 24
| [[Hilltop 26]], an illegal Israeli settlement near the city of [[Hebron]], was peacefully dismantled by the IDF.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 30
| The [[Quartet on the Middle East]] announced the [[Road map for peace]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 27
| [[Ariel Sharon]] stated that the "occupation" of Palestinian territories "can't continue endlessly".
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 2
| A two-day summit was held in Egypt. Arab leaders announced their support for the road map and promised to work on cutting off funding to terrorist groups.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 11
| [[Davidka Square bus bombing]]. A Palestinian suicide bomber killed 17 Israeli civilians.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/2982068.stm |title=Suicide blast hits Jerusalem bus |date=11 June 2003 |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]] |location=[[London, England|London]] |access-date=7 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="Haaretz">{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/jerusalem-bus-attack-death-toll-rises-to-17-1.91198 |title=Jerusalem bus attack death toll rises to 17 |author=Jonathan Lis |work=Ha'aretz |date=13 June 2003 |access-date=7 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/6/Suicide+bombing+of+Egged+bus+No+14A+in+Jerusalem+-.htm |title=Suicide bombing of Egged bus No 14A in Jerusalem |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel) |year=2011 |access-date=7 October 2012}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 29
| [[Hamas]], [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad|Islamic Jihad]] and [[Fatah]] agreed to a three-month cease-fire.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 9
| The [[International Court of Justice]] ruled in a non-binding advisory opinion that the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]] was illegal under international law,<ref>[http://domino.un.org/UNISPAl.NSF/85255e950050831085255e95004fa9c3/3740e39487a5428a85256ecc005e157a!OpenDocument ICJ advisory opinion summary/ Separation barrier – Summary – Press release (July 9, 2004)<!-- Bot generated title -->]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080401141753/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAl.NSF/85255e950050831085255e95004fa9c3/3740e39487a5428a85256ecc005e157a%21OpenDocument |date=April 1, 2008 }}</ref> the United Nations had also condemned the construction of the wall as "an unlawful act of annexation". The United States and Australia defended the security fence saying the wall was a counter-terrorism protective measure and that the onus was on the Palestinian Authority to fight terrorism. The U.S., Canada, Israel and some 30 other democratic states objected to the ICJ consideration of the UN General Assembly request, finding the request loaded and prejudicial, and expressing concern of the ICJ's credibility.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/peaceprocess/canadian_ICJ_Submission_29jan04-en.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040308024755/http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/Peaceprocess/canadian_ICJ_Submission_29jan04-en.asp |archive-date=2004-03-08 |title=Written Statement of the Government of Canada to the International Court of Justice}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/hres713.html|title=House Resolution Denouncing Misuse Of International Court On Israel's Security Fence (July 2004)|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 19
| [[Jerusalem bus 2 massacre]]. A Hamas Palestinian disguised as a [[Haredi Jew]] detonated himself with a bomb spiked with ball-bearings on a bus crowded with children. 23 Israelis were killed and over 130 wounded, all civilians.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 6
| Mahmoud Abbas resigned from the post of Prime Minister.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 4
| [[Maxim restaurant suicide bombing]]. A 28-year-old Palestinian [[female suicide bomber]], Hanadi Jaradat, exploded herself inside the Maxim restaurant in [[Haifa]]. 21 Israelis (Jewish and Arab) were killed, and 51 others wounded. The restaurant was co-owned by Jewish and Christian Arab Israelis, and was a symbol of co-existence.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2004 ===
{{Main|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2004}}

|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 29
| [[Gaza Street bus bombing]]. Ali Yusuf Jaara, a 24-year-old [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] policeman from [[Bethlehem]], became a suicide bomber and killed 11 Israeli civilians in Jerusalem.<ref name="MFA2b">"[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2004/1/Suicide%20bombing%20of%20Egged%20bus%20no%2019%20in%20Jerusalem%20- Suicide bombing of Egged bus no. 19 in Jerusalem]". Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. January 29, 2004. Retrieved October 7, 2012.</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 14
| [[2004 Ashdod Port bombings]]. 10 Israeli civilians killed in a suicide bombing. Hamas and Fatah claimed responsibility.<ref name="MFA2">{{cite news |url= http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2004/3/Suicide%20bombing%20at%20Ashdod%20Port%2014-Mar-2004 |title=Suicide Bombing at Ashdod Port |date= March 2004 |access-date=2012-07-10}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 22
| An [[Israeli Air Force]] rocket killed [[Hamas]] leader [[Ahmed Yassin]] and eleven others in [[Gaza City]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 17
| An [[Israeli Air Force]] rocket killed [[Hamas]] leader [[Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi]] and two others in [[Gaza City]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 2
| [[Murder of Tali Hatuel and her four daughters]]. Eight-months pregnant woman and her four young daughters ambushed and killed by Palestinian militants.<ref name=ai-p>{{cite web|title=Israel/Occupied Territories: AI condemns murder of woman and her four daughters by Palestinian gunmen |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/049/2004/en/ |publisher=Amnesty International |date=May 4, 2004 }}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 31
| [[Beersheba bus bombings]]. 16 Israeli civilians killed in a suicide bombing.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/08/31/mideast/ 16 killed in suicide bombings on buses in Israel] – published on [[CNN]] on September 1, 2004</ref> Hamas claims responsibility.<ref>''The New Iranian Leadership: Ahmadinejad, Terrorism, Nuclear Ambition, and the Middle East''. Yonah Alexander, Milton M. Hoenig. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-275-99639-0}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 16
| Israel officially ended a 17-day military operation, named [[Operation Days of Penitence|Operation "Days of Penitence"]], in the northern [[Gaza Strip]]. The operation was launched in response to a [[Qassam rocket]] that killed two children in [[Sderot]]. About 108–133 Palestinians were killed during the operation, of whom one third were civilians.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 11
| [[Yasser Arafat]] died at the age of 75 in a hospital near Paris, after undergoing urgent medical treatment since October 29, 2004.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2005 ===
{{Main list|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2005}}

|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 13
| [[Karni border crossing attack]]. Palestinian terrorists killed 6 Israeli civilians with 200 pound [[Explosive device]], [[hand grenade]]s, and [[AK-47]] rifles.<ref name=autogenerated2b>"[https://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2005/01/15/after_attack_israel_cuts_abbas_contact/ After attack, Israel cuts Abbas contact]". ''The Boston Globe''. 2005-01-15.</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 25
| [[Stage Club bombing]]. Young Israelis arrived for a surprise birthday party at the Stage Club in Tel Aviv. A Palestinian teenage suicide bomber detonated himself at the entrance to the club. Five Israelis killed, and about 50 wounded. [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine|Islamic Jihad]] claims responsibility.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2005/Suicide+bombing+at+Tel+Aviv+Stage+Club+25-Feb-2005.htm Suicide bombing at Tel Aviv Stage Club]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625043424/http://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2005/Suicide%2Bbombing%2Bat%2BTel%2BAviv%2BStage%2BClub%2B25-Feb-2005.htm |date=June 25, 2008 }}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 12
| [[HaSharon Mall suicide bombing (July 12, 2005)]]. Five Israeli civilians killed and over 90 injured in a suicide bombing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2005/3/Rachel+Ben+Abu.htm|title=Rachel Ben Abu|website=mfa.gov.il}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2005/3/Nofar+Horowitz.htm|title=Nofar Horowitz|website=mfa.gov.il}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2005/3/Julia+Voloshin.htm|title=Julia Voloshin|website=mfa.gov.il}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2005/3/Anya+Lifshitz.htm|title=Anya Lifshitz|website=mfa.gov.il}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2005/3/Moshe+Maor+Jan.htm|title=Moshe Maor Jan|website=mfa.gov.il}}</ref>
|}
<!--------------------------------------------------------->

== 2005–present: Post-Intifada, Gaza conflict ==
{{Further|Gaza–Israel conflict}}

After Israel completely withdrew from Gaza in 2005, Hamas and other militants unleashed a barrage of daily rocket attacks into Israel. The city of Sderot, for example, one mile away from Gaza, was hit by over 360 Qassam rockets within a six-month period after Israel's withdrawal. In June 2006, militants from Gaza tunneled into Israel, killing two soldiers and capturing one. Two weeks later, Hezbollah, supported by Iran and Syria, attacked Israel across the internationally recognized Israeli–Lebanese border, killing eight soldiers and kidnapping two, simultaneously launching a barrage of rockets against civilian towns in northern Israel. Israel responded with a military operation that lasted 34 days. After Hamas fired thousands of rockets at Israeli communities and refused to renew a six-month truce, Israel responded with a military operation against Hamas to protect Israeli citizens. The 22-day operation ended on January 18, 2009. In May 2010, Turkish activists with the Free Gaza flotilla tried to break Israel's naval blockade of Hamas-controlled Gaza. In August 2010, Lebanese soldiers shot and killed an Israeli soldier during routine IDF maintenance on the border. Three Lebanese soldiers and one Lebanese journalist were killed in the exchange of gunfire.

{| class="wikitable".5"
! Month, Day !! Event(s)
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2005 ===
{{Main list|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2005}}

|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 7
| An IDF deserter and member of the banned [[Kach and Kahane Chai|Kach]] group in Israel, [[Eden Natan-Zada]], opened fire on a crowded bus in the Arab town of [[Shfaram]], killing four Palestinians and wounding 22. When he ran out of bullets, the bus was stormed by Arab bystanders and Zaada was beaten to death. PM [[Ariel Sharon]] and several Israeli leaders condemned the attack and offered condolences to the families.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 17
| Asher Weissgan shot and killed four Palestinians in the West Bank as a protest against the [[Israeli disengagement from Gaza|Gaza disengagement plan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2005/08/29/after_gaza_fear_rises_of_west_bank_violence/|work=The Boston Globe|title=After Gaza, fear rises of West Bank violence|first=Anne|last=Barnard|date=August 29, 2005}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 12
| Completion of [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan]]. Israel removed all Jewish settlements, many [[Bedouin]] communities, and military equipment from the Gaza Strip. Although there was no permanent Israeli presence or jurisdiction in Gaza anymore, Israel retained control of certain elements (such as airspace, borders and ports), leading to an ongoing dispute as to whether Gaza is "occupied" or not. Since the disengagement, [[Palestinian militant groups]] have used the territory as a staging ground from which to launch rocket attacks and build tunnels into Israel.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2006 ===
{{Main list|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2006}}

|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 25
| Hamas won by landslide the majority of seats after the [[2006 Palestinian legislative election]]. Israel, the United States, [[European Union]], and several European and Western countries cut off their aid to the Palestinians; as they viewed the Islamist political party who rejected Israel's right to exist as being a [[List of designated terrorist groups|terrorist group]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 9
| Following the [[Gaza beach blast]], in which seven members of one family and one other Palestinians were killed on a Gaza beach, the armed wing of Hamas called off its 16-month-old truce. Israel claimed it was shelling 250&nbsp;m away from the family's location; Palestinians claimed that the explosion was Israeli responsibility.<ref name="Hamas breaks truce with rockets">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5066768.stm "Hamas breaks truce with rockets"], [[BBC Online]], June 10, 2006</ref><ref name="CHRONOLOGY-Key events in the Gaza Strip">[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L04596865.htm CHRONOLOGY-Key events in the Gaza Strip], [[Reuters]], July 4, 2006</ref> Some said Israel had not been responsible for the blast or doubted they were.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.honestreporting.co.uk/articles/critiques/Gaza_Beach_Libel.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714132231/http://www.honestreporting.co.uk/articles/critiques/Gaza_Beach_Libel.asp|url-status=dead|title=Gaza Beach Libel<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=July 14, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1150035838991&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull|title=IDF not responsible for Gaza blast - Jerusalem Post<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=jpost.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3261513,00.html|title=Gaza beach blast: Possible scenarios|date=6 November 2006|newspaper=Ynetnews |last1=Greenberg |first1=Hanan }}</ref><ref>[http://www.sueddeutsche.de/ausland/artikel/315/78237/ ''Der Krieg der Bilder''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619224610/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/ausland/artikel/315/78237/ |date=2006-06-19 }}, ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]'', June 16, 2006</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3264158,00.html|title=German paper doubts Gaza beach reports|date=18 June 2006|newspaper=Ynetnews}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://adloyada.typepad.com/adloyada/2006/06/human_rights_wa.html|title=Human Rights Watch switches stories on the Gaza beach killings|website=Adloyada|access-date=2006-09-29|archive-date=2011-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717121016/http://adloyada.typepad.com/adloyada/2006/06/human_rights_wa.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> An Israeli internal investigation report claimed the blast was most likely caused by an unexploded munition buried in the sand and not by shelling. This investigation was criticized by [[Human Rights Watch]] and ''[[The Guardian]]''.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 13
| Israel killed 11 Palestinians in a missile strike on a van carrying Palestinian militants and rockets driving through a densely civilian populated area in Gaza.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=46191|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155329/http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=46191|url-status=dead
|title=Israeli missile kills 11 Palestinians in Gaza|work=Turkish Daily News|date=Jun 14, 2006|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> Nine among those killed are civilian bystanders.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 25
| After crossing the border from the Gaza Strip into Israel, Palestinian militants attacked an Israeli army post. The militants captured [[Gilad Shalit]], killed two IDF soldiers and wounded four others. Israel launched [[Operation Summer Rains|Operation "Summer Rains"]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 5
| First Qassam rocket of increased range was fired into the school yard in the Southern Israeli coastal city of [[Ashkelon]]. This was the first instance of an increased distance Qassam rockets could reach and the first time a significantly large city had been attacked. No one was injured in this attack.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.israelnn.com/news.php3?id=106594|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060713230205/http://www.israelnn.com/news.php3?id=106594|url-status=dead|title=PA Rocket Slams Into the Heart of Ashkelon – Defense/Middle East – Israel News – Arutz Sheva<!-- Bot generated title -->|archivedate=July 13, 2006}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 12
| [[2006 Lebanon War]]: [[Hezbollah]] infiltrated Israel in a cross-border raid, captured two soldiers and killed three others. Israel attempted to rescue the captured, and five more soldiers were killed. Israel's military responded, and the [[2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict]] began. The conflict resulted in the deaths of 1,191 Lebanese people and 165 Israelis.<ref>''Israel Vs. Iran: The Shadow War'', By Yaakov Katz, (NY 2012), page 17</ref> Of the Israelis killed, 121 were soldiers and 44 were civilians.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3443979,00.html |title=State snubbed war victim, family says |access-date=28 December 2012 |date=30 August 2007 |publisher=[[Ynet]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602073716/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-3443979%2C00.html |archive-date=2 June 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is unclear how many of the Lebanese fatalities were combatants, though Israeli officials reported that an estimated 800 were Hezbollah militants.<ref>''Lessons of the 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah War'', By Anthony H. Cordesman, William D. Sullivan, CSIS, 2007, page 16</ref> Approximately one million Lebanese<ref name="hrc">Lebanon Higher Relief Council (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070107121118/http://www.lebanonundersiege.gov.lb/english/F/Main/index.asp "Lebanon Under Siege"]. Retrieved 28 December 2012.</ref> and 300,000–500,000 Israelis were displaced.<ref name="mfa_casualties">Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (12 July 2006). [http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terrorism+from+Lebanon-+Hizbullah/Hizbullah+attack+in+northern+Israel+and+Israels+response+12-Jul-2006.htm "Hizbullah attacks northern Israel and Israel's response"]. Retrieved 28 December 2012.</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 26
| Israel launched a counter-offensive to deprive cover to militants firing rockets into Israel from Gaza. 23 Palestinians killed, at least 16 were identified militants, 76 wounded.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 14
| [[2006 Fox journalists kidnapping]]. Palestinian militants kidnapped [[Fox News Channel|Fox]] journalists [[Olaf Wiig]] and [[Steve Centanni]], demanding the U.S. to release all Muslims in prison. The two were eventually released on August 27, after stating they had converted to Islam. They both later said that they were forced to convert to Islam at gunpoint.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September
| [[Fatah–Hamas conflict|Violence and rivalry]] erupted between [[Fatah]] and [[Hamas]] in the Gaza Strip. [[Mahmoud Abbas]] tried to prevent civil war.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/19/world/middleeast/19gaza.html|title=In Gaza, the Rule by the Gun Draws Many Competitors|first=Steven|last=Erlanger|newspaper=The New York Times|date=19 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=286253&area=/insight/insight__international/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001011125/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=286253&area=%2Finsight%2Finsight__international%2F|url-status=dead|title=Amid civil war fears, Hamas and Fatah stockpile arms|archive-date=October 1, 2007}}</ref> President [[Mahmoud Abbas]] and his moderate party advocate a Palestinian state alongside Israel, while Prime Minister [[Ismail Haniyeh]] and his Islamist party reject Israel's right to exist.<ref>https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060922/ap_on_re_mi_ea/israel_palestinians;_ylt=AhFVEgnKPxaMjD_3KRDhafAUewgF;_ylu=X3oDMTA3b3JuZGZhBHNlYwM3MjE- {{dead link|date=August 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 26
| A UN study declared the humanitarian situation in the [[Gaza Strip]] "intolerable", with 75% of the population dependent on food aid,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5382976.stm|publisher=[[BBC News]]|title=UN says Gaza crisis 'intolerable'|date=September 26, 2006|access-date=May 25, 2010}}</ref> and an estimated 80% of the population living below the poverty line.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5304328.stm|publisher=[[BBC News]]|title=Palestinian despair as donors meet|date=September 1, 2006|access-date=May 25, 2010|first=Alan|last=Johnston}}</ref> The Palestinian economy had largely relied on Western aid and revenues, which had been frozen since Hamas's victory. The situation can also be attributed to Israeli closures, for which Israel and the EU cited security concerns, specifically smuggling, possible weapons transfers and uninhibited return of exiled extremist leaders and terrorists; as well as an extremely high birth rate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defense-update.com/2005_01_01_defense-update_archive.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513140828/http://www.defense-update.com/2005_01_01_defense-update_archive.html|url-status=dead|title=Defense Update News Commentary: January 1, 2005 – January 31, 2005<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=May 13, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/65462.pdf|title=Microsoft Word – RC CRT 2005-Entire S Version-4 27.doc<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/middleeast/Defending_Israels_Positions_in_Rafah.asp|title=Redirecting...|website=www.aish.com|date=22 May 2004|access-date=4 October 2006|archive-date=5 November 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061105083650/http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/middleeast/Defending_Israels_Positions_in_Rafah.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://domino.un.org/UNISPAl.NSF/361eea1cc08301c485256cf600606959/c996d2a0e321274185256e9a0051f5c6!OpenDocument S/PV.4972 of May 19, 2004<!-- Bot generated title -->]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409075333/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAl.NSF/361eea1cc08301c485256cf600606959/c996d2a0e321274185256e9a0051f5c6%21OpenDocument |date=April 9, 2008 }}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 11–14
| In the midst of an increase of rocket attacks against Israel, the Israeli Air Force fired into the Gaza Strip over a three-day period. 21 Palestinians were killed (17 Hamas militants, 1 al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades militant, and 3 civilians). The two dozen wounded included gunmen and passersby.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930023721/http://www.thenews.com.pk/update_detail.asp?id=11144|url-status=dead|title=The News International: Latest News Breaking, Pakistan News|archive-date=September 30, 2007|website=www.thenews.com.pk}}</ref><ref>https://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20061014/ts_nm/mideast_dc {{dead link|date=September 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Israel said the offensive was designed to track down the capture soldier and to stop militants firing rockets into Israel. Spokesman Abu Ubaida for Hamas's military wing issued a statement vowing "we will bombard and strike everywhere" in response to the attacks. Makeshift rockets were immediately shot into Israel.
|-
|rowspan="2" style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 20
| Brokered by Egyptian mediators, Fatah reached a deal to end fighting between the Hamas and Fatah factions, both groups agreeing to refrain from acts that raise tensions and committing themselves to dialogue to resolve differences. Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas brushed off comments by President Mahmoud Abbas, head of Fatah, who indicated he could dismiss the Hamas-led cabinet. Abbas unsuccessfully urged Hamas to accept international calls to renounce violence and recognize Israel's right to exist.
|-
| Palestinian gunmen (presumably of the Fatah faction) opened fire at the convoy of Prime Minister Haniyeh as it passed through a refugee camp in central Gaza.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/gunmen-fire-on-palestinian-pm-s-convoy-in-gaza-1.628111|title=Gunmen fire on Palestinian PM's convoy in Gaza|publisher=[[CBC News]]|date=October 20, 2006}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 8
| [[Beit Hanoun November 2006 incident]]. Amidst ongoing rocket fire, Israel shelled Beit Hanoun, killing 19 Palestinian civilians (seven children, four women) during the Gaza operations. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert apologised, saying the incident had been an accidental "technical failure" by the Israeli military.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2007 ===
{{Main|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2007}}

|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 19
| Israel releases $100 million in tax revenues they had withheld, to cover the humanitarian needs and other basic expenses of the Palestinians. Israel wanted to strengthen Abbas and "keep money out of the hands of the Hamas government".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/19/world/africa/19iht-israel.4269261.html?_r=0|title=Israel releases withheld tax funds to Abbas's office|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=January 19, 2007}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February
| Negotiations in [[Mecca]] produced agreement on a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] national unity government signed by Abbas on behalf of Fatah and [[Khaled Mashal]] on behalf of Hamas.{{Clarify|reason=Unclear; what did they agree? The given ref source seems dead|date=October 2023}}<ref>{{cite news|title=The Palestinian National Unity Government|url=http://www.canadafreepress.com/2007/inss022407.htm|access-date=June 4, 2010|date=February 24, 2007}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March
| The [[Palestinian Legislative Council]] established a national unity government, with 83 representatives voting in favor and three against. Government ministers were sworn in by [[Abu Mazen]], the chairman on the [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]], at a ceremony held simultaneously in Gaza and [[Ramallah]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 4
| The United States set a timetable for easing Palestinian travel and bolstering Israeli security, including steps like removing specific checkpoints in the West Bank and deploying better-trained Palestinian forces to try to halt the firing of rockets into Israel from Gaza and the smuggling of weapons, explosives and people into Gaza from Egypt. Israel was wary over certain proposals so long as Palestinian militants continued to fire rockets at Israel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/04/world/middleeast/04cnd-mideast.html?ex=1335931200&en=104617a32bae9cb3&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss|work=The New York Times|title=Israel Wary of U.S. Proposals on Palestinians|first=Steven|last=Erlanger|date=May 4, 2007|access-date=March 27, 2010}}</ref> The Hamas-led Palestinian government rejected the initiative.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://english.people.com.cn/200705/06/eng20070506_372296.html|title = People's Daily Online -- Palestinian gov't slams U.S. Peace initiative}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 7
| [[2007 Battle of Gaza|Battle of Gaza]] began, resulting in Hamas taking control of the Gaza Strip from Fatah.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 27
| [[Annapolis Conference]] in the U.S., a peace conference marked the first time a [[two-state solution]] ("two states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security") was articulated as the mutually agreed-upon outline for addressing the [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]. The conference ended with the issuing of a joint statement from all parties, including the U.S., Israel, the [[Palestinian National Authority]], possibly also Arab League, Russia, China, etc..
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2008 ===
{{Main|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2008}}

|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 27
| Hamas, the Popular Resistance Committees and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad fired a rocket barrage at the Israeli city of [[Ashkelon]] and more places, killing one civilian.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 28
| [[Operation Hot Winter|Operation "Hot Winter"]] was launched in response to rockets fired from the Gaza Strip into Israel. The operation resulted in 112 Palestinians and three Israelis being killed.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May 14
| Tony Blair announced new plan for peace and for Palestinian rights,{{Clarify|reason=Unclear |date=October 2023}} based heavily on the ideas of the [[Peace Valley plan]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904195058/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article3927184.ece Israel may ease grip in Tony Blair deal to revive West Bank], The Times May 14, 2008</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 4
| Israeli troops made a raid on Gaza, in which they killed six members of Hamas. Hamas responded with rocket attacks on southern Israel.<ref>Ronin, David: ''Europe's Alliance with Israel: Aiding the Occupation'', p.&nbsp;17.</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December
| Israel launched [[Operation Cast Lead|Operation "Cast Lead"]] against the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip, a full-scale invasion of the territory.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2009 ===
[[Operation Cast Lead|Operation "Cast Lead"]], launched near the end of the previous year by Israel, continued until January 18. After 22 days of fighting, Israel and Hamas each declared separate unilateral ceasefires. [[Casualties of the Gaza War (2008–2009)|Casualties of the Gaza War]] are disputed. According to Hamas, they included as many as 1,417 Palestinians including as many as 926 civilians. According to the IDF, 1,166 Palestinians were killed, and 295 were non-combatants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1237727552054&pagename=JPArticle%2FShowFull |website=Jerusalem Post |date=March 28, 2009 |access-date=February 22, 2010 |archive-date=January 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110125200625/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1237727552054&pagename=JPArticle%2FShowFull |title=IDF releases Cast Lead casualty numbers |url-status=dead }}. Also see note 23 below for citation of the official summary of the Final Report on the IDF's own internet news site.</ref> According to the testimonies of three Guardian films, 1,400 Palestinians dead, including more than 300 children<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/23/israel-gaza-war-crimes-guardian |website=The Guardian|date=March 24, 2009|access-date=August 3, 2014|title=Guardian investigation uncovers evidence of alleged Israeli war crimes in Gaza}}</ref> (431 Children<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2009/mar/23/israel-gaza-drones|website=The Guardian|date=March 23, 2009|access-date=August 3, 2014|title=Gaza war crimes investigation: Israeli drones}}</ref>).
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 13–14
| Israeli forces attacked Khoza'a, a small rural community east of Khan Yunis in the south of the Gaza Strip. Missiles containing white phosphorus were deployed.<ref name="theguardian">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2009/jan/16/gaza-israel-khan-yunis-white-phosphorus|title=Phosphorus bombs in Gaza – the evidence|website=The Guardian|agency=Associated Press|date=January 16, 2009|access-date=August 3, 2014}}</ref><ref name="theguardian_2">{{Cite news |last1=Khalili |first1=Mustafa |last2=Tait |first2=Michael |date=2009-01-19 |title=Video: White phosphorus in Gaza: the victims |language=en-GB |work=the Guardian |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2009/jan/19/gaza-phosphorus-victim |access-date=2023-08-09 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 15
| Israeli artillery attack hit a UN compound in Gaza, the compound was set ablaze by white phosphorus shells.<ref name="Israel reprimands top officers over UN compound strike">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8490646.stm Israel reprimands top officers over UN compound strike], BBC, 1 February 2010</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"|March 15
|Gunmen killed two Israeli policemen who were traveling in the [[Jordan Valley]] on Highway 90, in [[Masua]] in the [[West Bank]]. The attacks was claimed in an anonymous call said that the attack was behalf of the Imad Mughniyeh Group and Fatah.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20090315-two-israeli-policemen-shot-dead-west-bank-|title=Two Israeli policemen shot dead in West Bank|work=France24|date=15 March 2009 |accessdate=2023-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-mar-16-fg-israel-shooting16-story.html|title=West Bank shooting kills 2 Israeli police|newspaper=LA Times|accessdate=2023-08-12}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 2
| [[Bat Ayin axe attack]]. A Palestinian terrorist attacked a group of Israeli children with an axe and a knife, killing one and injuring three.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna30419441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104051452/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30419441/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/israel-detains-suspect-west-bank-ax-attack/|url-status=live|archive-date=November 4, 2012|title=Israel detains suspect in West Bank ax attack|publisher=MSNBC|agency=Associated Press|date=April 4, 2009|access-date=November 2, 2012}}</ref><ref name=hunts>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1238562897736&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull IDF hunts for ax-wielding terrorist] {{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''The Jerusalem Post''g''The Jerusalem Post'' 03-04-2009</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 24
| [[Killing of Rabbi Meir Hai]]. Rabbi killed in a drive-by shooting. [[Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades]] claimed responsibility.<ref name=shot>[http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1261364500139&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Father of seven shot dead in West Bank terror attack] {{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''The Jerusalem Post'' 25 December 2009</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2010 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January
| Two airstrikes against weapons tunnels used to smuggle rockets and militants attempting to fire mortars into Israeli were carried out by the [[Israeli Air Force]], killing 3 militants and wounding another 7. The militants were members of [[Hamas]] and the [[Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine]].
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 10
| [[Tapuah Junction stabbing (2010)|Tapuah junction stabbing]]. A Palestinian Authority police officer stabbed an Israeli soldier to death.<ref name=jp>[http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=168378 'Terrorist was a PA officer'] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214195959/http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=168378 |date=February 14, 2010 }}, Jerusalem Post 11-02-2010</ref><ref name=ap>[https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ioi_0jtO9RjMwPNRoXNCndRPRq3gD9DPD1000 Israeli soldier stabbed to death in West Bank]{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, Associated Press 10-02-2010</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| February 24
| [[Murder of Neta Sorek and Kristine Luken|Murder of Neta Sorek]]. Israeli woman stabbed to death by Palestinian terrorists.<ref name="flashback">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4019519,00.html|title=Murder survivor: I still have flashbacks|newspaper=Ynetnews |date=26 January 2011|publisher=Ynet|access-date=September 2, 2012 |last1=Efraim |first1=Omri }}</ref><ref name="sorek">{{cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=246825|title=Palestinians get 3 life sentences for 2 murders|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post &#124; Jpost.com|access-date=November 2, 2012}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 4
|A suicide bombing in a motorcycle blast in the city of [[Haifa]], leaving one civilian was killed, 12 others were wounded, as well as material damage to a vehicle.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2065846&language=en|title=One Israeli Killed, 12 Injured in Motorcycle Bomb Attack in Haifa|work=Kuwait News Agency|accessdate=2023-08-12}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| May
| [[Gaza flotilla raid]]. Turkish activists with the Free Gaza flotilla tried to break Israel's naval blockade of Hamas-controlled Gaza, but were intercepted by the IDF. When the IDF boarded the ship, the activists attacked them with knives and metal rods. Three Israeli soldiers were taken hostage, beaten, and abused. Nine Turks were shot dead by IDF gunfire.<ref>Nahmias, Roee (31 May 2010). [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3896416,00.html "Casualties reported during IDF raid on Gaza sail"]. Ynetnews. Tel Aviv.</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 31
| Hamas terrorists shot dead four Israeli civilians near [[Kiryat Arba]], including a pregnant woman.<ref name=MFA>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+since+2000/Four_Israelis_killed_Hamas_terrorists_31-Aug-2010.htm#hamas "Four Israelis killed by Hamas terrorists in West Bank,"] Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Israel.</ref><ref name=Katz>[http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=186614 " 4 Israelis shot dead by terrorists in West Bank,"] Yaakov Katz and Yaakov Lappin, 31 August 2010, Jerusalem Pst.</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 2
| [[Direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians in 2010|2010 direct talks]]: U.S. launched direct negotiations between Israel and [[The Palestinian Authority]] in Washington D.C.<ref>http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/09/02/news_brief_us_launches_direct_negotiations {{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 14
| [[Direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians in 2010|2010 direct talks]]: A second round of Middle East peace talks between Israel and the [[Palestinian Authority]] concluded in [[Sharm el-Sheikh]], Egypt.<ref>{{cite web|last=Keinon|first=Herb|url=http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=188060|title=Second round of peace talks wraps up in Sharm e-Sheikh|website=Jerusalem Post|location=Israel|access-date=September 28, 2010}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| December 18
| [[Murder of Neta Sorek and Kristine Luken|Murder of Kristine Luken]]. American woman stabbed to death by Palestinian terrorists. Another woman was severely injured.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/palestinian-convicted-in-murders-of-american-and-israeli-women-near-jerusalem-1.386807|title=Palestinian convicted in murders of American and Israeli women near Jerusalem|work=Haaretz|access-date=November 2, 2012}}</ref><ref name="god">{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4001856,00.html|title=Stabbing victim 'found God' in Israel|newspaper=Ynetnews |date=20 December 2010|publisher=Ynet|access-date=November 2, 2012 |last1=Mandel |first1=Roi }}</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2011 ===
{{Main|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2011}}

In 2011, Israel deployed the [[Iron Dome]] air defence system to shoot down rockets fired by Palestinian militant organizations, such as Hamas, in Gaza.<ref name=":0" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 11
| [[Itamar massacre]].<ref>* {{cite news |title=Itamar massacre: Fogel family butchered while sleeping |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4041237,00.html |last=Altman |first=Yair |access-date=7 October 2012 |newspaper=Ynetnews |date=13 March 2011 }}
* {{cite web |last=Satloff |first=Robert |title=Policy Alert: After the Itamar Massacre |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1588 |publisher=The Washington Institute for Near East Policy |access-date=7 October 2012 |date=14 March 2011 |archive-date=15 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315112255/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=1588 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite news |title=IDF continues mass West Bank arrests in wake of Itamar massacre |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/idf-continues-mass-west-bank-arrests-in-wake-of-itamar-massacre-1.349224 |access-date=7 October 2012 |newspaper=[[Haaretz]] |date=15 March 2011 |author=Amos Harel |author2=Avi Issacharoff }}
* {{cite news |title=ABU MAZEN DESCRIBES ITAMAR MASSACRE AS "INHUMAN" |url=http://www.agi.it/english-version/world/elenco-notizie/201103141455-pol-ren1056-abu_mazen_describes_itamar_massacre_as_inhuman |access-date=7 October 2012 |newspaper=agi.it |date=14 March 2011 |agency=[[Agenzia Giornalistica Italia|AGI]] }} {{dead link|date=September 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Two Palestinians infiltrated the town of Itamar and murdered five members of the Fogel family in their beds. Among the victims were three young children, including an infant.<ref name="Haaretzindictment">{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/two-palestinians-indicted-for-fogel-massacre-1.366181|title=West Bank court indicts Palestinian teens for murder of Fogel family|first=Chaim|last=Levinson|date=5 June 2011|work=Haaretz}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 23
| [[2011 Jerusalem bus stop bombing]]. Hamas bombed a bus station in Jerusalem and killed 1 civilian. 39 injured.<ref name="ap2">{{cite news |title= Israel Radio: 1 Killed in Jerusalem Explosion |author=Aron Heller and Josh Lederman|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=13199447|agency=Associated Press|publisher=ABC News|date=7 October 2012|access-date=23 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408050309/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=13199447 |archive-date=8 April 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 7
| [[Hamas school bus attack]]. Hamas militants bombed an Israeli school bus and killed a teenager.<ref name=apr9au>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/school-bus-attack-may-spark-gaza-war/story-e6frg6so-1226036217156 School bus attack may spark Gaza war], ''The Australian'' 9 April 2011</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 14–15
| [[Vittorio Arrigoni#Kidnapping and death|Kidnapping of Vittorio Arrigoni]]. Vittorio Arrigoni an Italian activist was kidnapped by  "The Brigade of the Gallant Companion of the Prophet Mohammed bin Muslima", with the purpose of release of their leader Walid al-Maqdasi, imprisoned by the de facto government in Gaza a month earlier. Arrigoni was found dead in an operation carried out by Hamas authorities in an apartment in Mareh Amer area in northern Gaza.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/2011-04-15/ty-article/new-video-released-of-slain-italian-activist-day-i-arrived-in-gaza-was-happiest-of-my-life/0000017f-df85-d3ff-a7ff-ffa5d5660000|title=New video released of slain Italian activist: 'Day I arrived in Gaza was happiest of my life|work=Haaretz|accessdate=2023-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://palsolidarity.org/2016/04/five-year-anniversary-of-the-death-of-vittorio-arrigoni/|title=Five year anniversary of the death of Vittorio Arrigoni|work=International Solidarity Movement|accessdate=2023-10-30}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 18
| [[2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks]]. Egyptian and Palestinian militants attacked southern Israel and killed 8 Israelis, including six civilians. 40 injured. Five Egyptian soldiers are also killed.<ref name="haaretz1">{{cite news |first=Avi |last=Issacharoff|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/report-three-egyptians-took-part-in-terrorist-attacks-on-southern-israel-1.380321|title=Report: Three Egyptians took part in terrorist attacks on southern Israel|newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September
| Palestine Authority moved a resolution in UN for recognition of Palestine statehood, calling it a 'Palestine Spring'.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/Palestine+being+reborn+Mahmoud+Abbas+says/5451320/story.html |title='Palestine is being reborn,' Mahmoud Abbas says |access-date=2011-09-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926215315/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Palestine%2Bbeing%2Breborn%2BMahmoud%2BAbbas%2Bsays/5451320/story.html |archive-date=2011-09-26 }}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November
| Palestine won membership of UNESCO while UN vote on statehood was put off amid no support from France and UK while US had threatened to veto it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/11/united-nations-delays-palestinian-statehood-vote |location=London|work=The Guardian|first=Chris|last=McGreal|title=UN vote on Palestinian state put off amid lack of support|date=November 11, 2011}}</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2012 ===
{{Main|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2012}}

An annual survey by [[Shin Bet]] (AKA the Israel Security Agency (ISA)) concluded that in 2012, the number of terrorist attacks in the [[West Bank]] had risen from 320 in 2011 to 578 in 2012, but it was accompanied by a decrease in the number of fatalities. During that same year, 282 attacks were carried out in [[Jerusalem]], compared to 191 in 2011. The increase in attacks was due in part to a 68% rise of attacks using [[molotov cocktail]]s. However, the number of attacks involving [[firearms]] and [[explosives]] also grew by 42%—37 compared to 26 in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/shin-bet-increase-in-terror-attacks-in-2012/|title=Shin Bet reports increase in terror attacks in 2012|website=timesofisrael.com}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 1
| Gaza fired two white-phosphorus-containing mortars into the area governed by the [[Eshkol Regional Council]]. The shells landed in an open field and caused no injuries or damage. A complaint about the white phosphorus was subsequently sent to the UN by Israel.<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=251763 2 mortar shells from Gaza contained phosphorus], ''The Jerusalem Post'', January 1, 2012</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 9–15
| [[March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes]]. Gaza militants launched over 300 rockets, Grad missiles, and mortar shells into southern Israel, wounding 23 Israeli civilians. Israel retaliated with air strikes on Gazan weapons storage facilities, rocket launching sites, weapon manufacturing facilities, training bases, posts, tunnels and terror operatives, killing 22 militants. 4 Palestinian civilians died during the clashes, though some of their deaths were found to be unrelated to Israeli actions.<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/gaza-militants-fire-rocket-at-israeli-town-despite-truce-1.418315 Gaza militants fire rocket at Israeli town, despite truce], ''Haaretz'' 13-03-12</ref><ref name=mar10wp>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/israeli-raids-kill-14-in-gaza-militants-fire-dozens-of-rockets/2012/03/10/gIQAJ8532R_story.html Israeli airstrikes kill 15 in Gaza; militants fire barrage of rockets], ''Washington Post'' March 10, 2012</ref><ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-03-09/Israel-Palestinians/53443862/1 Israeli airstrike kills commander, 15 militants in Gaza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701201204/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-03-09/Israel-Palestinians/53443862/1 |date=2012-07-01 }}, ''USA Today'' March 10, 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=261277 IAF strike on rocket squad brings Gaza death toll to 16], ''The Jerusalem Post'', March 11, 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.wgme.com/template/inews_wire/wires.national/32417e27-www.wgme.com.shtml 3 Palestinians killed in Israeli airstrikes] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016030252/http://www.wgme.com/template/inews_wire/wires.national/32417e27-www.wgme.com.shtml |date=October 16, 2013}}, WGME March 11, 2012</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| March 30
| It was revealed that the [[Israeli Civil Administration|Civil Administration]], a unit of the [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]], had over the years covertly earmarked 10% of the West Bank for further settlement.<ref>Akiva Eldar,[http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israel-defense-ministry-plan-earmarks-10-percent-of-west-bank-for-settlement-expansion-1.421589 Israel Defense Ministry plan earmarks 10 percent of West Bank for settlement expansion] at Haaretz, 30 March 2012.</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 21
| [[September 2012 Egypt-Israel border attack]]. Militants opened fire on Israeli soldiers and civilian workers. 1 soldier was killed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4284951,00.html|title=Jihadists say launched border attack as 'revenge over film'|date=23 September 2012|newspaper=Ynetnews |last1=Kais |first1=Roi }}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 14–21
| [[Operation Pillar of Defense|Operation "Pillar of Defense"]]. The [[Israeli Air Force]] killed [[Ahmed Jabari]], second-in-command of the military wing of [[Hamas]].<ref name=Algemeiner_live-updates>{{cite news|format=live updates|title=Day 2: 300+ Rockets Fired at Israel Since Start of Operation Pillar of Defense|url=http://www.algemeiner.com/2012/11/15/algemeiner-live-updates-day-2-245-rockets-fired-at-israel-since-start-of-operation-pillar-of-defense/|access-date=15 November 2012|newspaper=Algemeiner|date=15 November 2012}}</ref> Israel strikes 1500 sites in Gaza,<ref name=haalb>{{cite news|title=LIVE BLOG: Day 8 of Israel-Gaza conflict 2012 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/live-blog-day-8-of-israel-gaza-conflict-2012-1.479350/live-blog-day-8-of-israel-gaza-conflict-2012-1.479350|access-date=3 December 2012|newspaper=Haaretz|date=22 November 2012}}</ref> including rocket launchpads, weapon depots, government facilities and apartment blocks.<ref name=factbox>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-israel-gaza-idUSBRE8AK0H920121121|title=Factbox: Gaza targets bombed by Israel|publisher=reuters.com|date=21 November 2012|access-date=24 November 2012|archive-date=17 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017131730/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/21/us-palestinians-israel-gaza-idUSBRE8AK0H920121121|url-status=live}}</ref> Gaza officials said 133 Palestinians had been killed in the conflict of whom 79 were militants, 53 civilians and 1 was a policeman<ref name=israelistrikes>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-18932-Israeli-strikes-kill-23-in-bloodiest-day-for-Gaza|title=Israeli strikes kill 23 in bloodiest day for Gaza|publisher=Thenews.com.pk|date=13 November 2012|access-date=20 November 2012|archive-date=8 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108192346/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-18932-Israeli-strikes-kill-23-in-bloodiest-day-for-Gaza|url-status=dead}}</ref> and estimated that 840 Palestinians were wounded. Hamas fired over 1,456 rockets at southern Israel, killing 6, including a pregnant woman, and injuring hundreds. Rockets were fired at [[Jerusalem]] for the first time and at [[Tel Aviv]] for the first time since the [[Gulf War|first Gulf War]]. A bus was bombed in Tel Aviv on November 21, wounding 28 civilians. Israel retaliated by bombing hundreds of military sites in the Gaza Strip.<ref>[http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Nov-20/195704-gaza-rocket-fire-kills-israeli-soldier.ashx#axzz2D0sl7TfR "Rockets kill 2 Israelis; Fajr 5 hits near Tel Aviv"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120215102/http://dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Nov-20/195704-gaza-rocket-fire-kills-israeli-soldier.ashx#axzz2D0sl7TfR |date=2012-11-20 }}. Agence France-Presse. 20 November 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=292599 "MDA: 16 injured in South on sixth day of operation"]. ''The Jerusalem Post''. Retrieved November 25, 2012.</ref><ref>Ban Ki-moon, UN Secretary General (2012-11-21). [https://www.un.org/sg/statements/index.asp?nid=6452 "Secretary-General's remarks to the Security Council &#91;as delivered"&#93;]. Tel Aviv. Retrieved 2012-11-25. "Overall, in that same time period, more than 1,456 rockets have been fired from Gaza into Israel. 142 have fallen inside Gaza itself. Approximately 409 were intercepted by the Iron Dome anti-missile system. (...) Since Israel's targeted assassination from the air, on 14 November, of Ahmed Jaabari, chief of Hamas' military wing, and with Israel's offensive in Gaza in its eighth day, the Israel Defense Forces publicly reported that it has conducted strikes at more than 1,450 targets in Gaza.""</ref><ref>[http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/israel-vow-as-egypt-pm-visits-gaza-16238525.html "Hamas fires rocket at Jerusalem"]. Belfast Telegraph. 16 November 2012. Retrieved 16 November 2012.</ref><ref>Lappin, Yaakov; Lazaroff, Tovah (15 November 2012). [http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=291954 "Gaza rocket hits area south of Tel Aviv for first time"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115162200/http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=291954 |date=November 15, 2012}}. ''The Jerusalem Post''.</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 29
| [[United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/67/19|title=United Nations Official Document|website=www.un.org}}</ref> upgrading Palestine to non-member observer state status in the United Nations, was adopted by the 67th session of the UN General Assembly, the date of the [[International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People]] and the 65th anniversary of the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 181(II) on the Future Government of Palestine. Vote: For: 138; Abs.: 41 Against: 9.
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| November 30
| In response to the UN approving the Palestinian UN bid for non-member observer state status, the Israeli government inner cabinet announced that it approved the building of housing units in [[E1 Plan|the E1 area]], connecting Jerusalem and Ma'aleh Adumim.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=294118 |title=Israel okays building of 3,000 units in J'lem, W. Bank |access-date=2012-12-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203030817/http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=294118 |archive-date=2012-12-03 }}</ref>
|-
|December 17
|The UN decides that the designation of 'State of Palestine' will be used in all official United Nations documents.
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2013 ===
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 15
| Four Palestinians were killed by IDF within a week.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/idf-kills-teenager-in-west-bank-fourth-palestinian-death-in-a-week-1.494135|title=IDF Kills Teenager in West Bank, Fourth Palestinian Death in a Week|first1=Jack|last1=Khoury|last2=Reuters|date=17 May 2018|newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| January 23
| A Palestinian woman was shot dead by an IDF soldier, another wounded.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/palestinian-woman-shot-dead-by-idf-soldier-another-wounded.premium-1.495882|title=Yesh Din Report Palestinian Woman Shot Dead by IDF Soldier, Another Wounded|first1=Chaim|last1=Levinson|first2=Gili|last2=Cohen|date=17 May 2018|newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| April 30
| An Israeli civilian was killed by a Palestinian; the attacker was wounded.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22349239 |title=BBC News – Israeli settler killed in West Bank|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=30 April 2013}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 26
| Three Palestinian civilians killed during clashes in Kalandia, West Bank.<ref>JP – 3 Palestinians killed as IDF, Border Police come under attack making arrest in Kalandiya.[http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Report-2-Palestinians-killed-by-Israeli-security-forces-in-Kalandya-324261]</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 21
| An Israeli soldier was abducted and killed by Palestinian in Beit Amin.<ref>''Haaretz'' – Israeli soldier, missing for 24 hours, found murdered in West Bank. [http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.548075]</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| September 22
| An Israeli soldier was killed by Palestinian sniper in Hebron.<ref>''Haaretz'' – Israeli soldier killed in apparent sniper shooting near Hebron. [http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.548319]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israeli-seriously-wounded-in-hebron-sniper-shooting/|title=Soldier killed by sniper's bullet in Hebron|work=Times of Israel|accessdate=2023-08-12}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 1
| A Palestinian was killed on Israel–Gaza border by IDF in unclear circumstances.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24344695 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |title=Palestinian shot dead on Gaza-Israel border |date=October 1, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| October 6
| A nine-year-old Israeli girl was wounded (condition: "light") in a terror attack in Psagot.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.550672|title=Nine-year-old Girl Hurt in Settlement Terror Attack; IDF: Suspect Got Away|first1=Chaim|last1=Levinson|first2=Gili|last2=Cohen|first3=Jack|last3=Khoury|date=6 October 2013|newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref>
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2014 ===
{{Further|2014 Gaza War}}
{{Main list|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2014}}

|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 12
| Eyal Yifrah, 19, Gilad Shaar, 16, and Naftali Frenkel, 16, who also had US citizenship, were killed while hitchhiking home from their religious schools in settlements on the West Bank. For the detailed story: [[2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers]].<ref name="theguardian.com">Israeli jets pound Gaza as Netanyahu blames Hamas for teenagers' deaths.[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/01/israeli-jets-gaza-netanyahu-hamas-teenagers-deaths]</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 16
| Ahmed Sabarin, 21, got shot and killed by Israeli forces in al-Jalazon refugee camp, during house searches in the West Bank for three missing teens. Israel accused Hamas of being behind the kidnapping of the three Israeli teens in the West Bank. Israeli forces have so far rounded up more than 150 Palestinians, including parliament speaker Abdel Aziz Dweik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/israeli-forces-kill-palestinian-during-raids-201461674729736569.html|title=Israeli forces kill Palestinian during raids|first=Dalia|last=Hatuqa|website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 20
|  Israeli forces shot and killed two Palestinians, including a teenager, in clashes that accompanied Israel's search for three students who have been missing for more than a week in the occupied West Bank. Israeli soldiers fired live rounds that killed Mahmoud Jihad Muhammad Dudeen (age 14 or 15). Thousands attended his funeral. An Israeli round also struck Mustafa Hosni Aslan, 22, in the head during a clash near the Qalandiya checkpoint in Ramallah.<ref>Israeli troops kill 2 Palestinians during search for Israeli students in occupied West Bank. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/israel-troops-kill-2-palestinians-during-search-for-israeli-students-in-occupied-west-bank/2014/06/20/571b0472-5c98-4098-8f19-31121359b3a2_story.html]</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| June 30
| Israeli jets and helicopters launched dozens of air strikes across the Gaza Strip overnight, just hours after the bodies of three abducted Israeli teenagers were found in a shallow grave near the southern West Bank city of Hebron. Following the discovery of the bodies, Netanyahu issued a statement once again blaming Hamas. Hamas denied involvement. Spokesman Sami Abu Zuhri said "Only the Israeli version of the events has been published ... Israel is attempting to make way for aggression against us, against the Hamas ... No Palestinian group, Hamas or any other group, has taken responsibility for the action, and thus the Israeli version can't be trusted."<ref name="theguardian.com" />
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 1
| In retaliation, to the news about the three abducted Israeli teenagers, 16-year-old Mohammed Abu Khdeir was grabbed off the street after leaving his home in Jerusalem's Arab neighbourhood of Shuafat to go to morning prayers with friends. He was beaten and burned alive. On July 7 it was reported that three Jewish detainees confessed to the crime.<ref name=Three>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/10951875/Three-confess-to-murdering-and-burning-Palestinian-boy-say-police.html#murder "Three confess to murdering and burning Palestinian boy, say police,"] ''The Telegraph''.</ref><ref name=NOAH>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinians-idUSKBN0F70AD20140702 "Suspected Israeli revenge killing of Palestinian triggers clashes,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924202245/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/02/us-israel-palestinians-idUSKBN0F70AD20140702 |date=2015-09-24 }} Reuters, 2 July 2014.</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| July 17
| Thousands of Israeli soldiers backed by tanks initiated an invasion on the Gaza Strip. All border areas under fire. Tank shelling every minute. Northern Gaza town, Beit Lahiya, came under heavy Israeli shelling. "There is the sound of tank shells all the time," said Jamal Abu Samra, 42, a farmer in the area. He said his wife, six children, four brothers and their families were huddling on the ground floor of the family home.<ref name=groundinvasion>[http://news.nationalpost.com/2014/07/17/israel-launches-ground-operation-in-gaza-strip-that-will-target-tunnels-hamas-uses-to-carry-out-attacks/ "Israel launches large-scale ground invasion of Gaza Strip after Hamas rejects truce,"] ''National Post'', 17 July 2014.</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right:0.5em;"| August 3
| Shelling by Israel of a United Nations school sheltering some 3,300 displaced people in southern Gaza violating international law according to the [[United Nations]]. The school had been designated a protected location and the Israel Defense Forces had been informed 17 times of the precise coordinates of the school's location. 10 people were killed and many injured.<ref name="TheGuardian_8_3_2014">{{Cite news |date=2014-08-03 |title=US 'appalled' by 'disgraceful' Israeli shelling of Gaza UN school |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/03/us-appalled-disgraceful-israeli-shelling-gaza-un-school |access-date=2023-08-09 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name="TheWashingtonPost_7_30_2014">{{Cite news |title=U.N. says Israel violated international law, after shells hit school in Gaza |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/israel-presses-attack-16-killed-at-un-school/2014/07/30/4a643588-17a5-11e4-85b6-c1451e622637_story.html |access-date=2023-08-09 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref><ref name="TheNewYorkTimes_7_30_2014">{{Cite news |date=2014-07-30 |title=U.N. Says 'Evidence' Points to Israel in Gaza School Attack (Published 2014) |work=The New York Times |language=en |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/31/world/middleeast/un-says-evidence-points-to-israel-in-gaza-school-attack.html |access-date=2023-08-09 |last1=Sengupta |first1=Somini }}</ref>
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right :0.5em;"| November 14
|During a religious prayer service, two terrorists armed with axe and gun burst through the doors of the synagogue Kehilat B'nei Torah in Har Nof, Jerusalem.<ref>kehilat beni torah</ref> Several rabbis heroically gave up their lives by striking the radical Islamic terrorists with tables and chairs to allow others to escape. A resident near the synagogue said of the attack, "I would hate to think of what would  have happened if my father had not missed prayer time that day."
|-
|style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;padding-right :0.5em;"| December 4
|Mohammad Hossam Abdel Latif Habali was a 22-year-old mentally disabled [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] who was shot and killed by [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli soldiers]] on 4 December 2018 in [[Tulkarm]], a city in the [[West Bank]],<ref name=apnews>{{cite news | title=Israeli Probes Into Deaths of Palestinians Yield Few Results | last1=Debre | first1=Isabel | last2=Daraghmeh | first2=Mohammed | url=https://www.apnews.com/d8ec787dc4184ba290cf1ff7fe460f12 | access-date=5 August 2019 | work=Associated Press | date=22 July 2019 | archive-date=22 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522173851/https://apnews.com/d8ec787dc4184ba290cf1ff7fe460f12 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=ynet>{{cite news | last1=Levy | first1=Elior | last2=Zitun | first2=Yoav | title=New footage shows disabled Palestinian shot from behind by IDF | website=ynetnews | date=2018-12-11 | url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5423940,00.html | access-date=2019-08-06}}</ref><ref name="Aljazeera">{{cite news |title=Israeli forces kill Palestinian, 22, in Tulkarem raid |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2018/12/israeli-forces-kill-palestinian-22-tulkarem-raid-181204102856165.html |access-date=19 December 2018 |work=Al Jazeera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219010700/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2018/12/israeli-forces-kill-palestinian-22-tulkarem-raid-181204102856165.html |archive-date=19 December 2018}}</ref> near the [[Green Line (Israel)|1967 boundary]] between [[Israel]] and the [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli-occupied West Bank]].<ref name="i24">{{cite news |title=Hundreds attend funeral of young Palestinian man killed in Israeli military raid |url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/international/middle-east/190296-181205-hundreds-attend-funeral-of-young-palestinian-man-killed-in-israeli-military-raid |access-date=25 December 2018 |work=i24NEWS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205171251/https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/international/middle-east/190296-181205-hundreds-attend-funeral-of-young-palestinian-man-killed-in-israeli-military-raid |archive-date=5 December 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Witnesses report that Habali was killed by Israeli forces, and the IDF has not disputed the cause of death.<ref name=apnews /> {{Main|Death of Mohammad Habali}}
|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2015–2016 ===
{{Further|2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict}}
{{Main list|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in January–June 2015|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in July–December 2015|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2016}}

|-
|colspan="2"|

=== 2017–2022 ===
{{Main list|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2017|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2018|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2019|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2020|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2021|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2022}}
|}

=== 2023–present ===
{{Main|Gaza war|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2023|Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2024}}
In 2023, heavy warfare between Palestinians (dominated by [[Hamas]]) and [[Israel]] again erupted, more deadly and destructive than ever since the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]].

===Death timelines===

Data is from the [[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]].<ref name=OCHA-oPt/>

<div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;">
[[File:Timeline of Israelis killed in the occupied Palestinian territory and Israel in the context of the occupation and conflict. United Nations data.png|thumb|none|upright=1.2|Israelis killed.<ref name=OCHA-oPt>{{cite web|title=Data on casualties|url=https://www.ochaopt.org/data/casualties |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231012194834/https://ochaopt.org/data/casualties |archive-date=12 October 2023|website=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory ([[OCHAoPt]]).|publisher=[[United Nations]] |access-date=12 October 2023}}</ref>]]
</div>
<div style="display:inline-table; vertical-align:top;">
[[File:Timeline of Palestinians killed in the occupied Palestinian territory and Israel in the context of the occupation and conflict. United Nations data.png|thumb|none|upright=1.4|Palestinians killed.<ref name=OCHA-oPt/>]]
</div>

== See also ==
{{Portal|History|Israel|Palestine}}
* [[History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]
* [[Military operations of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]
* [[Timeline of the Arab–Israeli conflict]]
* [[Outline of the Gaza war]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Lists of violent incidents in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict}}
{{Israeli–Palestinian conflict}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Timeline of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict}}
[[Category:Timelines of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict| ]]
[[Category:Israeli–Palestinian conflict|*Timeline]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Contemporary history timelines|Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]
[[Category:Palestinian history timelines|Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]