View source for 1899

{{For|the TV series|1899 (TV series){{!}}''1899'' (TV series)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2011}}
{{About year|1899}}
{{Year nav|1899}}
{{Events by month|1899}}
{{C19 year in topic}}{{Year article header|1899}}
{{TOC limit|2}}

==Events==
=== January ===
[[File:Cu-map.png|thumb|160px|right| [[January 1]]: [[Cuba]] [[Independence|free]].]]
* [[January 1]]
** Spanish rule formally ends in [[Cuba]] with the cession of Spanish sovereignty to the U.S., concluding 400 years of the [[Spanish Empire]] in the Americas.<ref name="AROR299">''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (February 1899), pp. 153-157</ref>
** In Samoa, followers of Mataafa, claimant to the rule of the island's subjects, burn the town of Upolu in an ambush of followers of other claimants, Malietoa Tanus and Tamasese, who are evacuated by the British warship HMS ''Porpoise''.<ref name="AROR299"/> 
** [[Queens]] and [[Staten Island]] become administratively part of [[New York City]].
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Theodore Roosevelt]] is inaugurated as [[Governor of New York]] at the age of 39.<ref name="AROR299"/>
* [[January 3]] &ndash; A treaty of alliance is signed between Russia and Afghanistan.<ref name="AROR299"/>
* [[January 5]] &ndash; 
**A fierce battle is fought between American troops and Filipino defenders at the town of [[Pililla]] on the island of Luzon.
*The collision of a British steamer and a French steamer kills 12 people on the [[English Channel]].<ref name="AROR299"/>
* [[January 6]] &ndash; Baron Curzon takes office as the Governor-General of British India.<ref name="AROR299"/>
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Emilio Aguinaldo]], leader of the Philippine insurrection against the U.S. occupation, issues a proclamation calls on Filipinos to continue the fight for liberty. President McKinley dispatches USS ''Princeton'' and USS ''Yorktown'' to [[Manila]].<ref name="AROR299"/> 
* [[January 8]] &ndash; The [[Association football]] club [[SK Rapid Wien]] is founded in [[Vienna]].
* [[January 9]] &ndash; 
**After a [[Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)|successful revolt]] against the [[Ottoman Empire]] by the inhabitants of the island of [[Crete]], the area, which joins Greece, gets its first constitution.
**A crash between two trains on the Lehigh Valley Railroad kills 16 people and injures 20 in the U.S. state of [[New Jersey]].<ref name="AROR299"/>
* [[January 10]] &ndash; The [[Tau Kappa Epsilon]] fraternity is founded, at [[Illinois Wesleyan University]] in [[Bloomington, Illinois]].
* [[January 12]] &ndash; The French government passes a [[vote of confidence]] in the Chamber of Deputies, 423 to 124.<ref name="AROR299"/>
* [[January 13]] &ndash; The [[Canadian Northern Railway]] is established.<ref>"Canadian Pacific Railway", by Donald M. Bain, in ''Encyclopedia of North American Railroads''. ed. by William D. Middleton, et al. (Indiana University Press, 2007) p. 197</ref>
* [[January 14]]
** The [[White Star Line]]'s [[Transatlantic crossing|transatlantic]] [[ocean liner]] {{RMS|Oceanic|1899|6}} is launched from the [[Belfast]] shipyards in [[Ireland]]. At 17,272 [[gross register tons]] and {{convert|704|ft|m|abbr=on}}, she is the largest ship afloat at this time.<ref>{{cite web|title=R.M.S. Oceanic (II)|publisher=Jeff Newman|url=http://www.greatships.net/oceanic2.html|access-date=2010-01-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919061706/http://www.greatships.net/oceanic2.html|archive-date=2009-09-19}}</ref> 
** The British four-masted sailing ship ''Andelana'' [[capsize]]s during a storm in [[Commencement Bay]] off the coast of the U.S. state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]], with the loss of all 17 of her crew.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18990115.2.113&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 |title="Vessel Goes Down at Night During a Squall and Is Not Missed until Morning", ''San Francisco Call'', January 15, 1899 |access-date=April 17, 2022 |archive-date=October 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027195023/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SFC18990115.2.113&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
**U.S. Navy Captain Richard P. Leary becomes the military governor of [[Guam]].<ref name="AROR299"/>
* [[January 15]] &ndash; The General Federated Union, representing 100,000 laborers in the U.S. state of New York, is formed from a merger of the Central Labor Union and the Central Labor Federation.<ref name="AROR299"/>
* [[January 17]] &ndash; The United States takes possession of [[Wake Island]] in the Pacific Ocean.
* [[January 19]] &ndash; The [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]] is formed as part of a convention between the British and Egyptian governments.<ref name="AROR299"/> The Sudan colony will be disbanded in [[1956]].<ref name="AROR399">''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (March 1899), pp. 281-295</ref>
* [[January 21]]
** [[Opel]] Motors opens for business in Germany.
** The [[Malolos Constitution]] is ratified by the [[Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898–1899)|Revolutionary Government of the Philippines]].
[[File:OpelLutzmann.jpg|thumb|170px|right|[[January 21]]: [[Opel]] car.]]
**Lord Kitchener is appointed as the British Governor of the [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]].<ref name="AROR399"/>
* [[January 22]] &ndash; The leaders of six Australian colonies meet in [[Melbourne]], to discuss the con[[federation of Australia]] as a whole.
* [[January 23]]
** [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] is sworn in as President of the [[First Philippine Republic]], a declaration of independence against the U.S. military government of the Philippines.
** [[Mubarak Al-Sabah]], the emir of [[Kuwait]], signs the [[Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899]], a secret treaty with the British Empire to accept [[protectorate]] status for the Middle Eastern sheikdom in return for British protection of Kuwaiti territory.
** The [[New York Stock Exchange]] has the largest day of business in its history, with 1,527,644 shares of stock changing hands.<ref name="AROR399"/>
** Because of illness, King Oscar of Sweden and Norway entrusts the government to Crown Prince Gustav.<ref name="AROR399"/>
** The British [[Southern Cross Expedition]] crosses the [[Antarctic Circle]].
* [[January 24]] &ndash; The [[Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine]] is founded.
* [[January 26]] &ndash; German inventor [[Karl Ferdinand Braun]], who will later share the 1909 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] with [[Guglielmo Marconi]], receives a British patent for his wireless radio invention "Telegraphy without directly connected wire".<ref>Anton A. Huurdeman, ''The Worldwide History of Telecommunications'' (Wiley, 2003) p. 215</ref>
* [[January 27]] &ndash; 
**[[Camille Jenatzy]] of France becomes the first man to drive an automobile more than 80 kilometers per hour, when he reaches a speed of 80.35 kph in his CGA Dogcart racecar. Jenatzy's speed is more than 20% faster than the previous record.
**The Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire decrees that all high officials in the Russian-administered Grand Duchy of Finland shall be required to be fluent in the [[Russian language]].<ref name="AROR399"/>
* [[January 28]] &ndash; 
**The [[League of Peja]], organized by [[Haxhi Zeka]] to lobby for a Kosovar Albanian state within the Ottoman Empire, attracts 450 delegates to its first convention, held at the city of [[Peja]].<ref>George Gawrych, ''The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman Rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913'' (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006) p. 125</ref>
**[[Konstantin Stoilov]], Prime Minister of Bulgaria and his cabinet ministers resign in a disagreement over self-government for Macedonia.<ref name="AROR399"/>
**The premiers of the various states of [[Australia]], along with the premier of [[Tasmania]], meet in a conference at [[Melbourne]] to discuss the question of a federation of the states.<ref name="AROR399"/>
* [[January 29]] &ndash; A gas eplosion kills 14 people in the Spanish city of [[Cartagena, Spain|Cartagena]].<ref name="AROR399"/>
* [[January 30]] &ndash; 
**A steamer arrives at [[Barcelona]] in [[Spain]] after having started out with 1,300 Spanish soldiers who had withdrawn from Cuba. Of the group, 350 are seriously ill and 56 died during the trip.<ref name="AROR399"/>
**Speaker [[Howard E. Wright]] of the California State Assembly resigns the speakership after surviving a motion of expulsion by the members. Only 10 had been in favor of expelling Wright because of charges of bribery, and 60 opposed.<ref name="AROR399"/>
* [[January 31]] &ndash; 
**[[Dimitar Grekov]] forms a new government in Bulgaria.<ref name="AROR399"/>
**The French Senate passes the trade agreement with Italy by a vote of 248 to 40.<ref name="AROR399"/>

=== February ===
* [[February 1]]
** [[Ranavalona III]], who had been the [[Queen of Madagascar]] until being deposed on February 28, 1897, is sent into exile by English colonial authorities, along with the rest of the royal family.<ref>Marie-France Barrier, ''Ranavalona, dernière reine de Madagascar'' (Balland, 1996) pp. 273-274</ref>
** The [[Suntory]] whisky distiller and worldwide [[alcoholic drink|alcoholic]] and [[soft drink]] brand of [[Japan]] is established by Shinjiro Torii in [[Osaka]] as a store selling imported wines.<ref>{{cite web |title=Suntory {{!}} About Us {{!}} History : Digest |url=https://www.suntory.com/about/history/index.html |website=Suntory |access-date=29 March 2024}}</ref>
* [[February 2]] &ndash; 
**The participants in the Australian Premiers' Conference agree that Australia's capital ([[Canberra]]) should be located between Sydney and Melbourne.<ref name="AROR399"/>
**The Tsar of Russia donates $500,000 for the relief of famine suffered by peasants in the Empire.<ref name="AROR399" />
* [[February 4]] &ndash; The [[Philippine–American War]] begins as hostilities break out in Manila.
* [[February 5]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Manila (1899)|first major battle]] of the Philippine–American War concludes with the capture by the U.S. of the [[San Juan River Bridge]] that connects [[Manila]] and [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]].<ref>Brian McAllister Linn, ''The Philippine War, 1899–1902'' (University Press of Kansas, 2000) p. 52</ref>
* [[February 6]] &ndash; 
**By a vote of 57 to 27, a peace treaty between the United States and Spain is ratified by the [[United States Senate]] to end the [[Spanish–American War]].<ref name="AROR399"/>
**An investigation by the U.S. government determines that [[United States Army beef scandal|more than 10,000 cans of meat that had been purchased for use by troops in Cuba had been rancid]].<ref name="AROR399"/>
* [[February 7]] &ndash; Following conviction at court-martial for "conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman" arising from his accusations against Major General [[Nelson A. Miles]], U.S. Commissioner General [[Charles P. Eagan]] is suspended from duty for six years by President McKinley.<ref name="AROR399"/> 
* [[February 8]] &ndash; The Congressional commission for investigation of conduct of the Spanish-American War sends its report to the President.<ref name="AROR399"/>
* [[February 10]] &ndash; U.S. Army troops, supported by bombardment from the warships ''Charleston'' and ''Monadnock'', defeat Filipino forces in the [[Battle of Caloocan]] and get control of the Manila to Dagupan railway.<ref name="AROR399"/>
* [[February 11]] &ndash; In the Philippines, the city of [[Iloilo]] is captured by troops led by U.S. Army Brigadier General [[Marcus P. Miller]].<ref name="AROR399"/>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; 
**The cornerstone for the [[Aswan Dam]] is set down in Egypt.<ref name="AROR399"/>
**In the U.S., a fire kills 17 women at a cottage at the South Dakota State Insane Asylum in [[Yankton, South Dakota]].<ref name="AROR399"/>
**An avalanche kills 12 Italian workers in the U.S. at [[Silver Plume, Colorado]].<ref name="AROR399"/> 
* [[February 13]] &ndash; 
**[[Cipriano Castro]] starts the [[Restorative Liberal Revolution]] by leading 60 people from  exile to cross the Colombia–Venezuela border to defeat [[Presidency of Ignacio Andrade|Ignacio Andrade's government]].
**A blizzard strikes the east coast of the U.S., shutting down all train service in New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, D.C.<ref name="AROR399"/>
**An earthquake strikes in the U.S. and is felt in Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia and Ohio, but causes no casualties.<ref name="AROR399"/> 
* [[February 14]] &ndash; The U.S. Senate votes, 26 to 22, against the permanent annexation of the Philippine Islands as U.S. territory.<ref name="AROR399"/>
* [[February 15]] &ndash; The [[Russification of Finland|February Manifesto]] is issued by the [[Nicholas II of Russia|Emperor of Russia]], decreeing that a veto by the [[Diet of Finland]] may be overruled in legislative matters concerning the interest of all Russia, including [[Grand Duchy of Finland|autonomous Finland]].
* [[February 16]]
** [[Félix Faure]], the [[President of France]] since 1895, dies of a stroke in his office while engaged in sexual activity with his mistress, [[Marguerite Steinheil]].
** [[Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur]], the first [[Association football]] club in [[Iceland]], is established in [[Reykjavík]].
* [[February 17]] &ndash; The research vessel [[SS Southern Cross (1886)|SS ''Southern Cross'']], on [[Southern Cross Expedition|an Antarctic expedition]] led by [[Carsten Borchgrevink]], arrives at [[Cape Adare]] and begins unloading 90 sledge dogs – the first ever on the continent – and two Norwegian [[Sámi people|Sámi]] crewmen, who become the first humans to spend the night in [[Antarctica]]. Over the next 12 days, the rest of the 31-man crew builds a temporary settlement.
* [[February 18]] &ndash; The National Assembly of France elects a new President to serve the remainder of the late President Faure's term. Senate president [[Émile Loubet]] wins the vote against [[Prime Minister of France|prime minister]] [[Jules Méline]].<ref>"Loubet, Émile François", ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 11th edition, Volume 17 (1911), p. 26</ref>
* [[February 19]] &ndash; In Venezuela, the former Minister of War, Major General [[Ministry of Defense (Venezuela)#Lists of Ministers of Defense|Ramón Guerra]], angry with the reforms of President [[Ignacio Andrade]], proclaims the state of [[Guárico]] as an independent territory. Andrade orders General Augusto Lutowsky to crush the rebellion. Guerra flees to Colombia but later comes back as Minister of War.<ref>Brian S. McBeth, ''Gunboats, Corruption, and Claims: Foreign Intervention in Venezuela, 1899-1908'' (Greenwood Press, 2001) pp. 13-14</ref>
* [[February 20]] &ndash; Discussions among members of a joint Anglo-American commission, set up by U.S. President [[William McKinley]] and Canadian Prime Minister [[Wilfrid Laurier]] to resolve the [[Alaska boundary dispute]], end abruptly after it is clear that the U.S. will not make any concessions. In response, Laurier makes clear that there will be no further concessions with the U.S. in trade.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/laurier_wilfrid_14E.html |title="Laurier, Sir Wilfrid", by Réal Bélanger, in ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography'' |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-date=June 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601184134/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/laurier_wilfrid_14E.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
**The Russian Imperial government removes the privileges of the parliament of Finland.<ref name="AROR499">''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (April 1899), pp. 408-411</ref>
* [[February 21]]
** The British freighter [[Jumna (ship)|SS ''Jumna'']] is last seen passing [[Rathlin Island]] off Northern Ireland. Bound from [[Scotland]] to deliver a shipment of coal to [[Uruguay]] with minimal crew, it never arrives and is never seen again.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sunderlandships.com/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=157117&vessel=JUMNA |title=Sunderlandships.com |access-date=April 19, 2022 |archive-date=October 31, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031004342/http://www.sunderlandships.com/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=157117&vessel=JUMNA |url-status=live }}</ref>
**Under threat of bombardment by the British Royal Navy, Sultan of Oman revokes his concession to the French Navy for a coaling station.<ref name="AROR499"/>
** The [[Vicksburg National Military Park]] is established in Mississippi to preserve the battlefield of the [[Battle of Vicksburg]].<ref name="AROR499"/>
* [[February 23]] &ndash; Because of distrubances at the funeral of the late President Faure, parliament members [[Paul Déroulède]], [[Lucien Millevoye]] and [[:fr:Marcel Habert|Marcel Habert]] are arrested.<ref name="AROR399"/>
* [[February 25]] &ndash; In an accident at Grove Hill, [[Harrow, London]], England, Edwin Sewell becomes the world's first driver of a petrol-driven vehicle to be killed; his passenger, Major James Richer, dies of injuries three days later.<ref>{{cite web|title=Motoring Firsts|publisher=National Motor Museum Trust|url=http://nationalmotormuseum.org.uk/?location_id=151|access-date=2010-08-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821110033/http://nationalmotormuseum.org.uk/?location_id=151|archive-date=August 21, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Kálmán Széll]] replaces [[Dezső Bánffy]] as [[List of prime ministers of Hungary|Prime Minister of Hungary]].<ref name="AROR499"/>
* [[February 27]] &ndash; Japanese immigration to [[South America]], primarily [[Peru]], begins as the ship ''Sakura Maru'' departs from [[Yokohama]] with 790 men employed by the Morioka-shokai Sugar Company. The group arrives in [[Callao]] on April 3.<ref>"Marketing History as Social Responsibility", by Christopher Gerteis, in ''Japan Since 1945: From Postwar to Post-Bubble'' (Bloomsbury, 2013) p. 235</ref>
* [[February 28]] &ndash; General Juan Reyes, leader of the Nicaraguan insurgency, surrenders at [[Bluefields]] to the commanders of USS ''Marietta'' and HMS ''Intrepid''.<ref name="AROR499"/>

=== March ===
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Juan Lindolfo Cuestas]] resumes office as [[List of presidents of Uruguay|President of Uruguay]] after stepping down for 24 days to allow Senate President [[José Batlle y Ordóñez]] to serve as acting president.<ref name="AROR499" />
* [[March 2]] &ndash; [[Mount Rainier National Park]] is established in the U.S. state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]].<ref name="AROR499"/> 
* [[March 3]] &ndash; [[Guglielmo Marconi]] conducts radio beacon experiments on [[Salisbury Plain]] and notices that radio waves are being reflected back to the transmitter by objects they encounter, one of the early steps in the development of [[radar]].<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uJpNDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Reflected+Back%22+Marconi+%221899%22&pg=PA2 | title=Non-Linearities in Passive RFID Systems: Third Harmonic Concept and Applications| isbn=9781119490739| last1=Andia| first1=Gianfranco| last2=Duroc| first2=Yvan| last3=Tedjini| first3=Smail| date=2018-01-19| publisher=John Wiley & Sons}}</ref> 
* [[March 4]] &ndash; 
**[[Cyclone Mahina]] strikes [[Bathurst Bay]], Queensland. A 12-meter-high wave reaches up to 5&nbsp;km inland, leaving over 400 dead (one of the deadliest [[List of natural disasters in Australia|natural disasters in Australia's history]]).
**[[Francisco Silvela]] forms a new cabinet as [[Prime Minister of Spain]], replacing the government of [[Práxedes Mateo Sagasta]].<ref name="AROR499"/>
[[File:Aspirin-skeletal.svg|right|thumb|125px|[[March 6]]: Aspirin.]]<!-- to appear needs size 125px-->
* [[March 6]] &ndash; In [[Berlin]], [[Felix Hoffmann]] patents [[Aspirin]] and [[Bayer]] registers its name as a trademark.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dpma.de/english/our_office/publications/milestones/brandswithhistory/aspirin/index.html |title=Aspirin |date=18 October 2022 |access-date=6 March 2023 |work=Milestones: Aspirin |publisher=German Patent and Trademark Office}}</ref>
* [[March 8]] &ndash; The Frankfurter Fußball-Club Victoria von 1899 (predecessor of [[Eintracht Frankfurt]]) is founded.
* [[March 9]] &ndash; The Senate of the state of [[Utah]] adjourns its attempts to elect a new U.S. Senator, after having voted 149 times without a candidate reaching the necessary majority.<ref name="AROR499"/> The term of [[Frank J. Cannon]] expired on March 3. Although Alfred W. McCone had come within two votes of getting the necessary 32 required for a majority, his support failed when state representative Albert A. Law claimed the McCone had offered him a bribe to change his vote.<ref>Orson F. Whitney, ''[https://archive.org/details/popularhistoryof00whit/mode/2up?q=1899+cannon Popular History of Utah]'' (The Deseret News, 1916) p.527.</ref>
* [[March 10]] &ndash; At the [[Battle of Balantang]], the U.S. Army sustains 400 casualties in an attack by Philippine troops.
* [[March 11]]
** The world's first wireless distress signal is sent by [[wireless telegraphy]] (in Morse code) to the East Goodwin [[light vessel]] when German cargo-carrying barquentine ''Elbe'' runs aground in fog in the [[English Channel]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Anne|last=Petrie|title=The Story of Kent|publisher=The History Press|year=2017}}</ref>
** [[Waldemar Jungner]] files the patent application for the first [[alkaline battery]] and receives a Swedish patent.<ref>"Jungner, Ernst Waldemar", in ''Innovators in Battery Technology: Profiles of 95 Influential Electrochemists'', by Kevin Desmond (McFarland Publishing 2016) p. 116</ref>
* [[March 13]] &ndash; Germany, Great Britain and the United States reach an agreement on their jurisdiction in Samoa, following a conference in Washington DC.<ref name="AROR499"/>
* [[March 14]] &ndash; 
**After [[Second Samoan Civil War|a civil war]] breaks out in [[Samoa]] between [[Malietoa Tanumafili I]] (recognized by Germany, the U.K. and the U.S.) and rebels who recognize [[Mata'afa Iosefo]] as the island's king, the [[USS Philadelphia (C-4)|USS ''Philadelphia'']] takes control of the capital at [[Apia]].
**Germany's Parliament votes, 209 to 141, to reject a proposal to increase the size of the nation's army.<ref name="AROR499"/>  
* [[March 15]] &ndash; The cabinet of Spain's Prime Minister Silvestri approves the ratification of the treaty to end the [[Spanish-American War]]. The Queen Regent of Spain signs the treaty two days later.<ref name="AROR499"/>
* [[March 16]] &ndash; In the U.S. at [[Palmetto, Georgia]], a [[lynch mob]] kills four African-American suspects who had been arrested on suspicion of [[arson]].<ref name="AROR499"/>
* [[March 17]] &ndash; A fire kills 86 people at the [[Windsor Hotel (Manhattan)|Windsor Hotel]] in New York City.<ref>[https://www.city-journal.org/html/gotham-tragedy-gotham-memory-12399.html "Gotham Tragedy, Gotham Memory"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031004344/https://www.city-journal.org/html/gotham-tragedy-gotham-memory-12399.html |date=October 31, 2022 }}, by Christopher Gray, ''City-Journal'' (New York City), Winter 2003</ref>
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Phoebe (moon)|Phoebe]], the ninth-known moon of the planet [[Saturn]] is discovered by U.S. astronomer [[William Henry Pickering|William Pickering]] from analysis of photographic plates made by a Peruvian observatory, the first discovery of a satellite photographically.
* [[March 19]]
** One of the first labor unions for government employees is formed with the organization in [[Denmark]] of the [[Danish Municipal Workers' Union|Copenhagen Municipal Workers' Union]]
** The Battle of [[Taguig]] takes place in the Philippines as the USS ''Laguna de Bay'' bombards the [[Katipunan]] stronghold. 
**A tornado outbreak in the southern U.S. kills multiple people.<ref name="AROR499"/>
* [[March 20]] &ndash; At [[Sing Sing]] prison in [[Ossining (town), New York|Ossining, New York]], [[Martha M. Place]] becomes the first woman to be executed in an [[electric chair]].<ref name="AROR599">''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (May 1899), pp. 539-542</ref>
* [[March 21]] &ndash; 
**The [[Eden Theatre]] in [[La Ciotat]], a commune in France near [[Marseille]], lays a claim to being the first [[movie theatre|cinema]] as brothers [[Auguste Lumière]] and [[Louis Lumière]] present their short film, ''L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat'' ("The Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station") to 250 surprised spectators.<ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/20131009-worlds-oldest-cinema-eden-theatre-reopen-ciotat-train-france-lumiere "World's oldest cinema to reopen in France's La Ciotat"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031004341/https://www.france24.com/en/20131009-worlds-oldest-cinema-eden-theatre-reopen-ciotat-train-france-lumiere |date=October 31, 2022 }}, ''France 24'', September 10, 2013</ref>
**The French Court of Cassation orders the submission of the file on the Dreyfus case.<ref name="AROR599"/>
* [[March 22]] &ndash; Malietoa Tanus is crowned as King of Samoa.<ref name="AROR539"/>
* [[March 23]] &ndash; Samoan villages held by Chief Mataafa are bombarded by USS ''Philadelphia'' and HMS ''Porpoise'' and HMS ''Royalist'' following the attack on Samoan natives in [[Apia]].<ref name="AROR539"/>
* [[March 24]] &ndash; The U.S. Ambassador to Argentina, acting as arbitrator of a boundary dispute between Argentina and Chile, awards the disputed territory to Chile.<ref name="AROR539">''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (June 1899), pp. 539-542</ref>
* [[March 26]] &ndash; In the first major action in the Malolos Campaign in the [[Philippine–American War]], 90 Filipino soldiers are killed in the [[Campaigns of the Philippine–American War#Significant battles: Malolos campaign|Battle of the Meycauayan bridge]].
* [[March 27]]
** [[Guglielmo Marconi]] successfully transmits a radio signal across the [[English Channel]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
** In the [[Battle of Marilao River]], Filipino forces under the personal command of Emilio Aguinaldo fail to prevent troops of the [[United States Army]] crossing the river.
* [[March 30]] &ndash; The British steamer ''Stella'' sinks in the English Channel with the loss of 80 people after wrecking against [[Les Casquets]].<ref name="AROR599"/>
* [[March 31]]
** The United Kingdom announces that it has completed the purchase of rights to occupy the Kingdom of Tonga.<ref name="AROR599"/>
** In the [[Philippine–American War]], [[Malolos]], capital of the [[First Philippine Republic]], is [[Capture of Malolos|captured by American forces]].<ref name="AROR599"/>

=== April ===
* [[April 1]] &ndash; The [[Second Battle of Vailele]] takes place in [[Samoa]] as rebels loyal to King [[Mata'afa Iosefo]] force the retreat of American and British troops loyal to [[Malietoa Tanumafili I|Prince Tanumafili]].<ref name="AROR539"/>
* [[April 4]] &ndash; 
**Cuba's General Assembly votes to disband the Cuban army and to dissolve to accept U.S. sovereignty.<ref name="AROR699"/>
**The British Antarctic Expedition reports discovery of new land in the [[Weddell Sea]] at a latitude of 71 36" S.<ref name="AROR699"/> 
* [[April 5]] &ndash; A team of prospectors sets out from Northern Rhodesia to explore the minerals of central Africa for the British company [[Tanganyika Concessions]] (TCL). Discovering that the most valuable copper deposits are in the [[Congo Free State]], TCL makes an unsuccessful attempt to purchase full rights from King Leopold of Belgium.
* [[April 6]] &ndash; Services are held at Arlington National Cemetery for the burial of 336 American soldiers who died in Cuba and Puerto Rico.<ref name="AROR699"/>
* [[April 7]] &ndash; 
**The [[Shootout at Wilson Ranch]], the last major gunfight of the [[American frontier|Wild West]] era in the U.S., takes place in [[Tombstone, Arizona]]. Brothers William Halderman and Thomas Halderman, kill two lawmen. They will be hanged on November 16, 1900.
**Marconi's wireless system is successfully tested across the English Channel during a thunderstorm.<ref name="AROR699"/>
* [[April 8]] &ndash; A flood caused by the collapse of an ice gorge in the [[Yellowstone River]] drowns 12 people near [[Glendive, Montana]].<ref name="AROR699"/>
* [[April 9]]
** In [[Uganda]], [[Kabalega of Bunyoro|King Chwa II Kabalega]] of the [[Bunyoro]] kingdom, a leader of the fight against British colonial occupation, is taken prisoner after being shot in a battle near [[Hoima]]. Kabalega is exiled to the [[Seychelles]] and remains there until 1923.
** The Greek ship ''Maria'' sinks after a collision sith the British steamer ''Kingswell'' in the Mediterranean and 45 people drown.<ref name="AROR699"/>
** The [[Battle of Santa Cruz (1899)|Battle of Santa Cruz]] begins in the Philippines between U.S. Army troops and nationalists of the [[First Philippine Republic]]. After a two-day battle, 93 Filipino fighters and one American soldier are dead.
* [[April 10]] &ndash; [[Pana riot|Seven people are shot and killed]] in a gun battle at the Springside Mine at [[Pana, Illinois]], between striking white union coal miners and African-Americans hired as strikebreakers.<ref name="AROR699"/> 
* [[April 11]] &ndash; U.S. President William McKinley declares the Spanish-American War to be at an end as the [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]] between the U.S. and Spain goes into effect. [[Puerto Rico]], the [[Philippines]] and [[Guam]] are ceded to the U.S. and [[Cuba]] becomes an American protectorate.<ref name="AROR699"/>
* [[April 12]] &ndash; 
**[[Bolivia]]'s President [[Severo Fernández]] is overthrown in a [[Coups d'état in Bolivia#Federal War|military coup d'état]] led by General [[José Manuel Pando]].
**[[Georgios Theotokis]] becomes the new [[Prime Minister of Greece]], succeeding [[Alexandros Zaimis]].<ref name="AROR699"/>
* [[April 13]] &ndash; The British freighter ''[[City of York (barque)|City of York]]'' departs from [[San Francisco]] with a crew of 27 and a cargo of timber bound for [[Fremantle]], but never reaches its destination, wrecking on the reefs at [[Rottnest Island]].
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[British Army]] troops in [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] [[Six-Day War (1899)|attack]] the [[Kowloon Walled City|Walled City of Kowloon]], based on intelligence that Chinese Imperial Army troops have been stationed behind the walls to subvert Britain's [[Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory|1898 lease]].
* [[April 16]] &ndash; 
**Britain formally claims possession of the "[[New Territories]]" as an extension of its lease of Hong Kong to cover the area south of the [[Sham Chun River]] and 230 islands in [[Kowloon Bay]].
**General elections are held in Spain for the members of the Spanish parliament, the [[Cortes Generales|Cortes]].<ref name="AROR699"/>
* [[April 17]] &ndash; The [[1899 Southern Rhodesian Legislative Council election|first elections for the 10-member Legislative Council]] of the British colony of [[Southern Rhodesia]] (now [[Zimbabwe]]), limited to European candidates and voters. 
* [[April 18]] &ndash; The 15-member crew of USS ''Yorkdown'' are ambushed at [[Baler]] in the Philippines and captured by Filipino insurgents while trying to rescue a besieged Spanish garrison.<ref name="AROR699"/>
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[France]] adds the [[French protectorate of Laos|Kingdom of Laos]], a [[protectorate]] since 1893, to the existing colony of [[French Indochina]].
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Catulle Mendès]]' controversial ballet ''[[Le Cygne (ballet)|Le Cygne]]'' premieres at the [[Opéra-Comique]] in [[Paris]], but is considered by critics to be too sexually explicit.<ref name="AROR699">''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (June 1899), pp. 664-668</ref>
* [[April 21]] &ndash; The [[nova]] [[V606 Aquilae]] is first observed from Earth as seen within the [[constellation]] [[Aquila (constellation)|Aquila]].
* [[April 22]] &ndash; In aid of the [[Royal Niger Company]], the British Army begins an invasion of [[Esanland]], in Nigeria, to halt the resistance of the [[Esan people|Esan]] chiefs to European rule. After Benin's King Ologbosere is overcome, the British attack the kingdom at [[Ekpoma]]. 
* [[April 23]] &ndash; The steamship ''General Whitney'' sinks off the coast of [[St. Augustine, Florida]]. While everyone on board escapes in lifeboats, one of the boats capsizes, drowning the captain and 16 other crew.
* [[April 24]] &ndash; The Scottish ship ''[[Loch Sloy]]'' is wrecked off the coast of [[Australia]]'s [[Kangaroo Island]], drowning 32 people on board.
[[File:18990425 Timepiece.jpg|thumb|160x160px|A timepiece created in Victoria Hong Kong on 25 April 1899]]
* [[April 26]] &ndash; [[Jean Sibelius]] conducts the world première of his [[Symphony No. 1 (Sibelius)|Symphony No. 1]] in [[Helsinki]].
* [[April 27]] &ndash; The Samoan chieftain Maataafa declares an armistice but Germany declines to agree to it.<ref name="AROR699"/> 
**A tornado in the U.S. kills numerous people in [[Kirksville, Missouri|Kirksville]] and [[Newtown, Missouri]].<ref name="AROR699"/>
* [[April 28]] &ndash; The United Kingdom and the Russian Empire sign the Anglo-Russian Agreement formalizing their spheres of influence in China, essentially agreeing that Britain will not seek railway concessions north of the [[Great Wall of China]], and Russia will avoid doing the same in the [[Yangtze|Yangtze River]] valley in southern China.<ref>Bruce A. Elleman, ''International Competition in China, 1899-1991'' (Taylor & Francis, 2015) p. 10</ref>
* [[April 29]] &ndash; 
**[[Camille Jenatzy]] of Belgium becomes the first person to drive faster than 100 kilometers per hour, powering his electric racecar at {{convert|105.88|km/h}} at a track at [[Achères, Yvelines|Achères]].
**In the U.S., several hundred miners capture a railroad train at [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho]], arm themselves with guns and dynamite, and advance on the town of [[Wardner, Idaho]], destroying property of mining ccompanies that employ non-unon labor.<ref name="AROR699"/> 
*[[April 30]]- The Blackwater massacre takes place in the up and coming town of Blackwater in West Elizebeth in the United States. The infamous gun fight involved the Van der Linde gang or better known as “Dutches boys”, the Blackwater police department, the Pinkerton detective agency, and allegedly famous gunslinger Landon Ricketts. The gunfight was put in motion after members of the Van der Linde gang attempted to rob a steam boat on the docks of Blackwater. The gun fight resulted in many deaths among law enforcement agency's but what boosted the case to its level of infamy was the shooting of a young girl named Heidi McCourt who was shot by Dutch Van der Linde for seemingly no reason. Three members of the Van der linde gang died as a result of the gunfight ( Mac Callender, Davey Callender, Jenny Kirk,) along with one member being captured by bounty hunters but then escaping (Sean Mcguarie). After the shootout a manhunt conducted by the Pinkerton detective agency was conducted offering high cash reward for the capture of killing of certain Van der Linde gang members.

=== May ===
* [[May 1]] &ndash; 
**Britain's Prime Minister announces in the House of Commons that the government has not been able to reach an agreement with [[Cecil Rhodes]] on plans for a Cape Town to Cairo railroad across Africa.<ref name="AROR699"/>
**The natural gas companies of [[New York City]] cut prices by 60% from $1.25 to 50 cents per 1,000 cubic feet.<ref name="AROR699"/>  
* [[May 2]] &ndash; The [[Thailand|Kingdom of Siam]] (modern-day Thailand) cedes its province of [[Luang Prabang]] (now [[Laos]]) to [[France]].<ref name="AROR699"/>''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (June 1899), pp. 664-669</ref>
* [[May 3]] &ndash;
**U.S. troops arrive at [[Wardner, Idaho]], and arrest hundreds of suspected rioters.<ref name="AROR699"/> 
**The [[Ferencvárosi TC]] [[Association football]] club is founded in [[Budapest]].
* [[May 4]] &ndash; German inventor John Matthias Stroh applies for the patent for his new invention, the "[[Stroh violin]]". A British patent is granted on March 24, 1900.
* [[May 8]] &ndash; In the French West African colony of [[Niger]], [[Voulet–Chanoine Mission|Paul Voulet]] massacres the [[Hausa people|Hausa]] inhabitants of the village of [[Birni-N'Konni]] in retaliation for the continued resistance of [[Sarraounia|Queen Sarraounia]].
* [[May 9]] &ndash; The sultanate of Morocco settles the claims of the U.S. against it, and the cruiser USS ''Chicago'' departs from [[Tangier]].<ref name="AROR699"/> 
**U.S. troops arrive at [[Wardner, Idaho]], and arrest hundreds of suspected rioters.<ref name="AROR699"/> 
* [[May 10]] &ndash; Finnish farmworker [[Karl Emil Malmelin]] kills seven people with an axe at the Simola croft in the village of [[Klaukkala]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/sanomalehti/binding/586573/articles/114554|title=Nurmijärwen murhamies renki Karl Emil Malmelin wangittu|website=Digikansalliskirjasto|publisher=[[Uusi Suometar]]|date=25 May 1899|accessdate=29 September 2021|language=fi}}</ref>
* [[May 11]] &ndash;[[Pope Leo XIII]] declares that [[1900]] will be a jubilee year.<ref name="AROR699"/> 
* [[May 13]]
** A train wreck near [[Reading, Pennsylvania]] kills 28 people and injures 50.<ref name="AROR699"/> 
** The [[Esporte Clube Vitória]] football club is founded in [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], Brazil.
* [[May 14]] &ndash; 
**All of the remaining Spanish soldiers in ports of the Philippines are withdrawn.<ref name="AROR699"/> 
**The three time world champion [[Club Nacional de Football]] is founded in [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]].
* [[May 16]] &ndash; British troops in the leased Chinese territory of [[Hong Kong]] take control of the city of [[Kowloon]].<ref name="AROR699"/> 
* [[May 17]] &ndash; Britain's Queen Victoria lays the foundation stone for the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]].<ref name="AROR699"/>
* [[May 18]] &ndash; The [[First Hague Peace Conference]], initiated by Emperor [[Nicholas II]] of Russia, is opened in [[The Hague]] by Willem de Beaufort, [[Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands]].<ref name="AROR699"/> 
* [[May 20]] &ndash; The [[American Physical Society]] is founded at a meeting at [[Columbia University]].
* [[May 24]] &ndash; [[Jules Massenet]]'s ''[[Cendrillon (Massenet)|Cendrillon]]'', the first [[opera]] based on the fairy tale of [[Cinderella]], premieres in [[Paris]] at the [[Opéra-Comique]] in Paris.
* [[May 27]]
** [[Rangers F.C.]], one of the most successful teams in the [[Scottish Football League]], is incorporated.
** [[Maurice Ravel]] conducts the first public performance of his ''[[Shéhérazade (Ravel)|Shéhérazade, ouverture de féerie]]'' in Paris.<ref>{{cite book|last=Orenstein|first=Arbie|title=Ravel: Man and Musician|year=1991|orig-year=1975|location=Mineola, US|publisher=Dover|isbn=978-0-486-26633-6|page=24}}</ref> 
* [[May 31]]
** The [[Harriman Alaska Expedition]] is launched.
** The [[Bloemfontein Conference]] commences between [[Paul Kruger]] and [[Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner|Sir Alfred Milner]] in the [[Orange Free State]], but ends in failure after six days.<ref name="AROR25-29">[https://books.google.com/books?id=Gfc-AQAAMAAJ&q=%22Review+of+Reviews%22+1899 ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (July 1899)], pp. 25-29</ref>

=== June ===
* [[June 2]] &ndash; American outlaws Robert L. Parker ([[Butch Cassidy]]) and Harry A. Longabaugh ("[[The Sundance Kid]]") commit their first armed robbery as "[[Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch|The Wild Bunch]]", stopping a [[Union Pacific]] train near [[Wilcox, Wyoming]], with accomplices [[Harvey Logan]] and [[Elzy Lay]], and steal more than $30,000 worth of cargo.
* [[June 3]]
** [[Dreyfus affair]]: France's Court of Cassation orders a reopening of the 1894 conviction for treason of French Army Captain [[Alfred Dreyfus]] after evidence of a wrongful conviction is made public, and directs that Dreyfus be returned to France after five years of imprisonment on [[Devil's Island]].<ref name="AROR25-29"/>
** The United States and Spain resume diplomatic relations, as U.S. President McKinley receives the [[José Brunetti, 15th Duke of Arcos|Duke of Arcos]] as the new Minister for Spain.<ref name="AROR25-29"/>
* [[June 5]] &ndash; General [[Antonio Luna]], Commander of the Philippine Republican Army, is assassinated along with his chief aide, Colonel [[Paco Román]], after being lured to [[Cabanatuan]] by President [[Emilio Aguinaldo]].
* [[June 9]] &ndash; American boxer [[James J. Jeffries]] wins the world heavyweight boxing championship when he knocks out [[Cornwall|Cornish]]-born [[Bob Fitzsimmons]] at [[Coney Island, New York]].<ref name=Carruth>{{cite book|editor=Carruth, Gordon|title=The Encyclopedia of American Facts and Dates|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam0000carr|url-access=registration|edition=3rd|publisher=Thomas Y. Crowell|year=1962|pages=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofam0000carr/page/384 384–387]}}</ref>
* [[June 10]] &ndash; Under the terms of the [[Samoa Tripartite Convention]], Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States form a colonial government to administer a [[protectorate]] over the islands of [[Samoa]]. The government lasts less than nine months, and Germany annexes the western part of Samoa on March 1, 1900, leaving the U.S. to control what becomes [[American Samoa]].
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Pope Leo XIII]] issues a declaration of the [[consecration]] of the entire human race to the [[Sacred Heart]] of Jesus. The consecration follows the issuance of his papal [[encyclical]] ''[[Annum sacrum]]'', declaring [[1900]] to be a [[Holy Year]] and directing all Roman Catholic churches in the world to implement the [[Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart]] during the period of June 9 to June 11, 1899.
* [[June 12]] &ndash; The [[1899 New Richmond tornado|New Richmond tornado]] completely destroys the town of [[New Richmond, Wisconsin]], killing 117 and injuring more than 200.
* [[June 13]] &ndash; The village of [[Herman, Nebraska]], with a population of 319, is destroyed by a tornado and 40 people are killed.<ref name="AROR25-29"/>
* [[June 15]]
** [[Sweden]]'s Department of Foreign Affairs hosts a conference for delegates from Germany, Denmark, Norway, the UK, the Netherlands, Russia and Sweden to make agreements on fishing in the [[Arctic Ocean]], the [[Baltic Sea]] and the [[North Sea]].<ref>Eric L. Mills, ''Biological Oceanography: An Early History, 1870-1960'' (University of Toronto Press, 2012) p.83</ref>
** [[Jardine Cycle & Carriage|Cycle & Carriage]], one of the largest companies in [[Singapore]], is founded.
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[David Hilbert]] creates the modern concept of [[geometry]], with the publication of his book ''Grundlagen der Geometrie'', released at [[Göttingen]].<ref>Volkert, Klaus, ed. (2015). ''David Hilbert: Grundlagen der Geometrie''. Springer. p. ix; Grattan-Guinness, Ivor (2005). ''Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940'' Elsevier. p. 713.</ref> 
* [[June 18]] &ndash; The [[Federación Libre de Trabajadores]] is created in [[Puerto Rico]] as a [[Anarchism in Puerto Rico#Anarchists vs. American government|resistance movement against the United States]].
* [[June 19]]
** The [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]] is created, to be a territory to be administered jointly by Egypt and the United Kingdom, through an Egyptian governor-general appointed with consent of the UK, although in practice it becomes administered as part of the British Empire. 
** [[Edward Elgar]]'s ''[[Enigma Variations]]'' are premiered in London.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moore|first=Jerrold Northrop|author-link=Jerrold Northrop Moore|year=1984|title=Edward Elgar: A Creative Life|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-315447-1|page=273}}</ref>
* [[June 21]] &ndash; "[[Treaty 8]]", the most comprehensive of the eleven [[Numbered Treaties]], is signed between the British Crown on behalf of Canada, with various [[Cree]] groups of the [[First Nations in Canada|First Nations]], ceding {{convert|320000|sqmi}} of land in the northern parts of [[Alberta]], [[Saskatchewan]], and [[British Columbia]], as well as a portion of the [[Northwest Territories]], to the Canadian government.
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Spain]] cedes its last Pacific Ocean colonies, the [[Caroline Islands]] (later part of the [[Federated States of Micronesia]], [[Mariana Islands#Spanish exploration and control|the Ladrone islands of Ladrone]] (later part of the [[Mariana Islands]]), and [[Palau]], to [[Germany]].<ref name="AROR899">''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (August 1899)</ref>
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Joseph Chamberlain]] sets into motion the [[Second Boer War]] after receiving an appeal from the British [[Cape Colony]] in South Africa to help British subjects oppressed in the [[South African Republic|Transvaal Republic]].<ref>Bertrand M. Roehner and Tony Syme, ''Pattern and Repertoire in History'' (Harvard University Press, 2009) p. 311</ref>
* [[June 27]]
** A patent for a form of [[paperclip]] is applied for by Norwegian inventor [[Johan Vaaler]] but it is never put into production.<ref>[https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-paper-clip-4072863 The History and Invention of the Paperclip.]</ref>
** [[A. E. J. Collins]], a 13-year-old schoolboy, makes the highest-ever recorded individual score in cricket, 628 [[not out]]. His record will stand for 117 years.
* [[June 28]] &ndash; In [[Nigeria]], British authorities publicly hang King Ologbosere Irabor outside of the courthouse at [[Benin City]], after he was convicted of ordering the massacre of a party dispatched by the British consul.<ref>"Understanding sacrifice and sanctity in Benin indigenous religion, Nigeria: a case study", by Flora Edouwaye S. Kaplan, in ''Beyond Primitivism: Indigenous Religious Traditions and Modernity'', ed. by Jacob K. Olupona (Routledge, 2004) p. 198</ref> 
* [[June 30]] &ndash; '[[Mile-a-Minute Murphy]]' earns his nickname after he becomes the first man to ride a bicycle for {{convert|1|mi|km|adj=on|spell=in}} in under a minute, on [[Long Island]]. Murphy pedals his bike one mile in 57.8 seconds for an average speed of 62.28 miles per hour.<ref name="AROR899"/>

=== July ===
* [[July 1]]
** The [[International Council of Nurses]] is founded in London.<ref>{{cite book|first=Sandra B.|last=Lewenson|title=Taking Charge: Nursing, Suffrage, and Feminism in America, 1873-1920|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|page=95}}</ref>
** The German domestic appliance company [[Miele]] is founded.
* [[July 3]] &ndash; Swiss-born American boxer [[Frank Erne]] wins the world lightweight championship by defeating champion [[Kid Lavigne|George "Kid" Lavigne]] in [[Buffalo, New York]].
* [[July 4]] &ndash; The most famous skeleton of a [[dinosaur]] ever found intact, a [[diplodocus]], is discovered at the Sheep Creek Quarry near [[Medicine Bow, Wyoming]]. The expedition team, financed by [[Andrew Carnegie]] for the [[Carnegie Museum of Natural History]] and led by William Harlow Reed, bestows the name "[[Dippy]]" on the ''Diplodocus carnegii''. It becomes well known after Carnegie has plaster cast replicas made for donation to museums all over the world. <ref>"A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda)", by Emanuel Tschopp, et al., [[PeerJ]], 2015</ref>
* [[July 5]] &ndash; The 1895 Trade and Navigation agreement between the Japanese and Russian empires goes into effect, with each country was given "a full freedom of ship and cargo entrance to all places, ports, and rivers on the other country's territory."<ref>"Military Activity in the EEZ: Exclusive or Excluded Right", by Captain Alexander S. Skaridov, in ''Freedom of Seas, Passage Rights and the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention'' (Martinus Nijhoff, 2009) p. 251</ref>
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[The Great Lakes Group|The Great Lakes Towing Company]] is incorporated by [[John D. Rockefeller]] and [[William G. Mather]] to acquire more than 150 [[tugboat]]s to control shipping in four of the North American [[Great Lakes]] and quickly builds a monopoly on Great Lakes traffic.
* [[July 8]] &ndash; The [[Lorelei Fountain]] is unveiled in [[The Bronx]] in New York City.
* [[July 10]] &ndash; British colonial authorities in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan give control of the [[Red Sea]] port of [[Suakin]] to [[Sudan]], after having agreed that Egypt would have the right to administer commerce there. 
* [[July 11]] – In [[Turin]], [[Giovanni Agnelli]] and eight investors form the Italian automobile manufacturer [[Fiat Automobiles|F.I.A.T.]], producers of the [[Fiat]] motor vehicles.
* [[July 12]] &ndash; The British freight ship ''[[City of York (barque)|City of York]]'' sinks after striking reefs at [[Rottnest Island]], due to a misunderstanding of signal flare fired from [[Wadjemup Lighthouse|the island's lighthouse]]. The ship, which was nearing the end of a voyage from [[San Francisco]] to [[Fremantle, Western Australia]], evacuates its men in two lifeboats, but one of the boats overturns and 11 men, including the captain, drown.
* [[July 13]] &ndash; A tornado kills 13 people in the U.S. village of [[Herman, Nebraska]].
* [[July 14]] &ndash; The first [[Republic of Acre]] is declared by former Spanish journalist [[Luis Gálvez Rodríguez de Arias]] in the Amazon jungle in South America, and lasts for nine months. 
* [[July 17]]
** [[NEC Corporation]] is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.
** In the [[Battle of Togbao]] in [[Chad]], the French [[Henri Bretonnet|Bretonnet]]–[[Solomon Braun|Braun]] mission is destroyed by the warlord [[Rabih az-Zubayr]].
** The [[Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation]] takes effect, ending [[extraterritoriality]] and the unequal status of Japan in foreign commerce.<ref>{{cite book|first=Joseph M.|last=Henning|title=Outposts of Civilization: Race, Religion, and the Formative Years of American-Japanese Relations|publisher=New York University Press|year=2000|page=134}}</ref>
* [[July 18]] &ndash; The patent for the first [[sofa bed]] is taken out by African-American inventor [[Leonard C. Bailey]]. He receives a U.S. patent on June 2, 1900.
* [[July 20]] &ndash; [[Park Row Building]] in [[New York City]] is completed. It is the world's tallest building until [[1908]].
* [[July 24]] &ndash; In the first trade treaty signed by the U.S. after the passage of the [[Dingley Act]], France and the United States sign an agreement for a 20% reduction of France's existing tariffs on 635 items, in return for the U.S. reduction between 5% and 20% of duty fees on 126 items.<ref>David A. Lake, ''Power, Protection, and Free Trade: International Sources of U.S. Commercial Strategy, 1887–1939'' (Cornell University Press, 2018) p. 130</ref>
* [[July 26]] &ndash; The [[List of presidents of the Dominican Republic|President of the Dominican Republic]], dictator [[Ulises Heureaux]], is assassinated during a visit to the city of [[Moca, Dominican Republic|Moca]].<ref name=AROR999>''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'' (September 1899) pp. 277-280</ref>
* [[July 29]] &ndash; The first international Peace Conference ends, with the signing of the [[First Hague Convention]].
* [[July 30]] &ndash; The [[Harriman Alaska Expedition]] ends.
* [[July 31]] &ndash; [[Duke of York Island (Antarctica)|Duke of York Island]], off [[Antarctica]], is discovered by the [[Southern Cross Expedition]].<ref>C. E. Borchgrevink, ''First on the Antarctic Continent: Being an Account of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1898-1900'' (London: George Newnes, Ltd., 1901)</ref>

=== August ===
* [[August 3]] &ndash; The [[John Marshall Law School (Chicago)|John Marshall Law School]] is founded in Chicago.
* [[August 4]] &ndash; Japan rescinds its policy of [[extraterritoriality]] privileges to western nations that had operated [[consular court]]s to try cases against western nationals under western law.<ref>Donald Keene, ''Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852-1912'' (Columbia University Press, 2005) p. 553</ref>
* [[August 5]] &ndash; Automotive mechanic [[Henry Ford]] incorporates the [[Detroit Automobile Company]]. While the company failed, it establishes [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], as the site for U.S. car manufacturing and provided a model for the [[Ford Motor Company]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20130415004346/http://hfha.org/HenryFord.htm%23Ford-Motor-Co "The Ford Story"], Henry Ford Heritage Association</ref>
* [[August 6]] &ndash; Near [[Stratford, Connecticut]], 36 people are killed when a trolley falls off of a trestle and lands upside down in a pond 40 feet below.<ref>"Car Falls and 36 Are Killed— Disaster on a New Trolley Line Near Bridgeport", ''The New York Times'', August 7, 1899, p. 1 {{ProQuest|95737557}}</ref>
* [[August 7]]
** [[Dreyfus affair]]: The retrial of French Army Captain [[Alfred Dreyfus]] before a court-martial opens.
** Governance of the island of [[Guam]], under the administration of the [[United States Department of the Navy]], begins.<ref>[https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/navy/comnavmarianas.htm "U.S. Naval Forces, Marianas"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811141829/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/navy/comnavmarianas.htm |date=August 11, 2022 }}, GlobalSecurity.org</ref>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; The [[1899 San Ciriaco hurricane|San Ciriaco hurricane]] strikes [[Puerto Rico]] and leaves 250,000 people homeless.<ref>"At Least 5,000 Lives Lost— Exact Puerto Rican Hurricane Figures May Never Be Known", ''The New York Times'', August 31, 1899, p. 4</ref> The official death toll is later listed as 3,369 people.<ref>[http://latinamericanstudies.org/puertorico/hurricane.pdf "The Hurricane of San Ciriaco: Disaster, Politics, Society in Puerto Rico, 1899–1901"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305141545/http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/puertorico/hurricane.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050405112411/http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/puertorico/hurricane.pdf |archive-date=2005-04-05 |url-status=live |date=March 5, 2016 }}, by Stuart B. Schwartz, ''Hispanic American Historical Review'' (1992)</ref>
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Marshall Taylor|Marshall "Major" Taylor]] wins the world {{convert|1|mi|km|adj=on}} professional cycling championship in [[Montreal]], securing his place as the first [[African American]] world champion in any sport.<ref>{{cite web|title=Professional Information|url=http://www.majortaylor.com/page3.html|publisher=The Major Taylor Society|access-date=2012-01-23|archive-date=February 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211172824/http://www.majortaylor.com/page3.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[August 12]] &ndash; South African Republic General [[Jan Smuts]] makes a final initiative to avert the outbreak of what will become the [[Second Boer War]], meeting in [[Pretoria]] with the British chargé d'affaires, [[Conyngham Greene]].<ref>David Brock Katz, ''General Jan Smuts and his First World War in Africa, 1914–1917'' (Casemate Publishers, 2022) p.14</ref>
* [[August 13]] &ndash; The battle for the Philippine city of [[Angeles City|Angeles]] begins. The U.S. captures the area, the future site of [[Clark Air Base|Clark Air Force Base]], by August 16.<ref>"Luzon Campaigns", by Jerry Keenan and Spencer C. Tucker, in ''The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History'' (ABC-CLIO, 2009)</ref>
* [[August 17]] &ndash; Emperor [[Gojong of Korea]] issues the 9-article International Declaration declaring that, as "the great emperor of Korea", he has "infinite military authority" as well as absolute power to enact laws.<ref>[http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0014933 "Korean International"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910112847/http://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Contents/Item/E0014933 |date=September 10, 2022 }}, in Encyclopedia of Korean Culture [출처: 한국민족문화대백과사전(Korea International)] (in Korean)</ref>
* [[August 18]] &ndash; Llest Colliery explosion at Pontyrhyl in the [[South Wales coalfield]] of the U.K. kills 19 miners.<ref>{{cite web|title=Llest Colliery Explosion - Pontyrhyl - 1899|url=https://www.nmrs.org.uk/mines-map/accidents-disasters/glamorganshire/llest-colliery-explosion-pontyrhyl-1899/|work=Northern Mine Research Society|accessdate=2023-06-06}}</ref>
* [[August 20]] &ndash; The [[Kiram–Bates Treaty]] is signed in the [[Philippines]], with U.S. forces recognizing the autonomy of local governments in the [[Sulu Archipelago]] (within the [[Mindanao]] island group) in return for the Sultan's assistance in suppressing attacks on U.S. forces.
* [[August 23]]  &ndash; The first ship-to-shore test of a wireless radio transmission is made from the U.S. lightship ''LV 70'', with the sending of Morse code signals to a receiving station near San Francisco.<ref>Betty S. Veronico, ''Images of America: Lighthouses of the Bay Area'' (Arcadia Publishing, 2008) p. 34</ref>
* [[August 28]] &ndash; At least 512 people are killed when a debris hill from the [[Sumitomo]] [[Besshi copper mine]] at [[Niihama]], [[Shikoku]], Japan, collapses.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jørs|first1=Erik|last2=Thomsen|first2=Jane Froelund|date=2017|title=Mining occupational safety and health: hazards and good practices in formal and informal mining|journal=Mining Occupational Safety and Health|publisher=BMJ Publishing Group Ltd|doi=10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.695|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[August 30]] &ndash; After taking over the second-largest city in the Dominican Republic, [[Santiago de los Caballeros]], revolutionists proclaim [[Horacio Vásquez]] as the nation's President in rebel-controlled territory. At the same time in the capital at [[Santo Domingo]], president [[Wenceslao Figuereo]] steps down after only five weeks in office.<ref>"Rebels Elect a President— Provisional Dominican Revolutionary Government Is Formed", ''The New York Times'', August 31, 1899, p. 7</ref>
* [[August 31]] &ndash; The [[Olympique de Marseille]] association football club is founded in [[France]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2015/jan/06/marseille-ultras-rule-temptation-never-far-away|title=Only in Marseille: where ultras rule and temptation is never far away {{!}} Philippe Auclair|last=Auclair|first=Philippe|date=2015-01-06|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-11-06|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

=== September ===
* [[September 5]] &ndash; General [[Horacio Vasquez]], leader of a revolution against the [[Dominican Republic]]'s President Wenceslao Figuereo, arrives at the capital, Santo Domingo and forms a provisional government. 
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Dreyfus affair]]: In the retrial of his court-martial, Alfred Dreyfus is again found guilty of treason and sentenced to serve the remaining 10 years of his prison sentence on Devils Island, notwithstanding that the real culprit has previously admitted to his actions.<ref name=AROR999/>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Gfc-AQAAMAAJ ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews''] (October 1899) pp. 407-410</ref>
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Northern Arizona University]] is founded in [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]], as Northern Arizona Normal School. 
* [[September 13]]
** [[Halford Mackinder]], Cesar Ollier and Josef Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian,  the highest peak of [[Mount Kenya]].<ref>"A Journey to the Summit of Mount Kenya, British East Africa", by Halford John Mackinder, ''The Geographical Journal'' (May 1900) pp. 453–476</ref>
** The French Army invades the Sultanate of Zinder in [[Niger]] and kills the ruler, Amadou Kouran Daga.<ref>"Cazemajou, Marius Gabriel", in ''Historical Dictionary of Niger'', ed. by Abdourahmane Idrissa, et al. (Scarecrow Press, 2012) pp. 113-114</ref>
* [[September 14]] &ndash; General [[Cipriano Castro]] defeats the Venezuelan Army at the battle of [[Tocuyito]] and prepares to march to Caracas to overthrow President [[Ignacio Andrade]].
* [[September 15]] &ndash; Preparing for an attack on Britain's [[Cape Colony]] from the neighboring [[South African Republic|Transvaal]] Republic, [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Robert Baden-Powell]] arrives at the border town of [[Mafeking]] and begins recruiting volunteers and stockpiling munitions to prepare for [[Siege of Mafeking|an attack and siege]].<ref>Paul K. Davis, ''Besieged: 100 Great Sieges from Jericho to Sarajevo'' (Oxford University Press, 2003) p. 272</ref>
* [[September 19]]
** [[Dreyfus affair]]: [[Alfred Dreyfus]] is pardoned in France by the Ministry of War.<ref name=AROR999/> He is released from prison at [[Rennes]] the following day<ref name=AROR999/> but not fully exonerated until [[1906]].
** The patent for the first [[water meter]] is granted to [[Edwin Ford]].
* [[September 21]]
** A special session of the [[Orange Free State]]'s parliament meets at Bloemfontein to discuss war with the British Empire. At the same time, three British transports depart from Bombay with troops to the Cape Colony.<ref name=O99>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Gfc-AQAAMAAJ ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews''] (November 1899) pp. 537-540</ref>
** The Dominion Line steamer ''Scotsman'' sinks in the [[Strait of Belle Isle]], killing 15 women and children. 
* [[September 25]] &ndash; A Serbian court sentences 30 people convicted for conspiracy to attempt to assassinate the former [[Milan I of Serbia|King Milan]], with the two leaders being sentenced to death.<ref name=O99/>
* [[September 26]] &ndash; General Manuel Guzman Alvarez of the [[Venezuela]]n [[Sucre (state)|state of Sucre]] joins with General [[Cipriano Castro]] in a revolt against the Venezuelan government.<ref name=O99/>
* [[September 28]] &ndash; Austrian auto designer [[Ferdinand Porsche]] attracts worldwide attention when his first car, the [[Porsche P1]], wins the Berlin Road Race 18 minutes ahead of the second-place finisher.
* [[September 29]] &ndash; The [[Veterans of Foreign Wars]] (VFW) is founded in the U.S. by [[Spanish–American War]] veteran James C. Putnam as the American Veterans of Foreign Service.<ref>Herbert M. Mason Jr., ''VFW: Our First Century'' (Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, 1999) p. 29</ref>
* [[September 30]] &ndash; The [[1899 Ceram earthquake]] kills 3,864 people on [[Seram Island]], through a tsunami after a 7.8 magnitude earthquake. The villages of Paulohy-Samasuru and Mani, with a combined population of 2,400 people, are swept away by a {{convert|29|foot}} wave.<ref>Dr. R. D. M. Verbeek, ''Kort verslag over de aarden zeebeving op Ceram, den 30sten September 1899'' (''Brief Report on the Earthquake and Seaquake on Ceram, September 30, 1899'') (Batavia Landsdrukkerij, 1900) p. 1–11</ref>

=== October ===
{{Main|October 1899}}
* [[October 1]] &ndash; Possession of the [[Mariana Islands]] is formally transferred from Spain to Germany, which purchased the archipelago (with the exception of [[Guam]]) from Spain for 837,500 German gold marks and become part of [[German New Guinea]].<ref>"Pacific Islands", in ''The Statesman's Year-Book for the Year 1946'' (Macmillan and Co., Ltd., 1946) p. 1057</ref>
* [[October 3]] &ndash; The boundary dispute between [[Venezuela]] and [[British Guiana]] is resolved by a binding award from the International Tribunal of Arbitration of five neutral jurists agreed upon by the United Kingdom and the United Venezuelan States.<ref>Cedric L Joseph, ''Anglo-American Diplomacy and the Reopening of the Guyana-Venezuela Boundary Controversy, 1961-1966'' (Trafford Publishing, 2008)</ref> 
* [[October 8]] &ndash; The [[South African Republic]] telegraphs a three-day ultimatum to the U.K., demanding an arbitration of issues and a pullback of troops from the borders between the Republic and the adjoining Cape Colony, Natal and Bechuanaland by October 11.<ref>Winston Groom, ''The Allies: Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin, and the Unlikely Alliance That Won World War II'' (National Geographic Society, 2018) p. 50</ref> 
* [[October 10]] &ndash; The [[French Sudan]] is divided into two smaller administrative units, Middle Niger (which later becomes the nations of Niger and Gambia) and Upper Senegal (which becomes the nations of Senegal and Mali)
* [[October 11]] &ndash; In South Africa, the [[Second Boer War]] between the United Kingdom and the [[Boer]]s of the [[South African Republic|Transvaal]] and [[Orange Free State]] begins as the Boers invade the British [[colony of Natal]].
* [[October 13]] &ndash; The [[Second Boer War]] extends into the British [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (modern-day [[Botswana]]) as the [[siege of Mafeking]] begins.
* [[October 14]] &ndash; The Boer invasion of the Cape Colony begins with the [[Siege of Kimberley|siege]] of [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]].
* [[October 15]] &ndash; French Army officer [[Ferdinand de Béhagle]] is put to death by Sudanese warlord [[Rabih az-Zubayr]], prompting a French expedition to be led against Rabih.
* [[October 17]] &ndash; The [[Thousand Days' War]] begins in [[Colombia]] as [[Colombian Liberal Party]] soldiers led by General [[Rafael Uribe Uribe]], with support from Venezuela, begin a fight against the government of National Party president [[Manuel Antonio Sanclemente]]. The war will continue for 1,130 days.
* [[October 18]] &ndash; The [[Boxer Rebellion]] begins in China as the [[Battle of Senluo Temple]] is fought between more than 4,000 Imperial Chinese Army troops and at least 1,000 rebels from the [[Boxers (group)|Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists]].<ref>Joseph W. Esherick, ''The Origins of the Boxer Uprising''(University of California Press, 1987) p. 250</ref>
* [[October 19]]
** [[Robert H. Goddard]] receives his inspiration to develop the first rocket capable of reaching outer space, after viewing his yard from high in a tree and imagining "how wonderful it would be to make some device which had even the possibility of ascending to Mars, and how it would look on a small scale, if sent up from the meadow at my feet."<ref>Milton Lehman, ''Robert H. Goddard: Pioneer of Space Research'' (Da Capo Press, 1988) p. 16</ref>
** Boer troops commanded by [[Johannes Hermanus Michiel Kock|Johannes Kock]] capture the railway station in [[Elandslaagte]] and cut the telegraph line between the British Army headquarters at Ladysmith and its station at [[Dundee, KwaZulu-Natal|Dundee]].
* [[October 20]] &ndash; In the first major clash of the [[Second Boer War]], the [[Battle of Talana Hill]], the [[British Army]] drives the Boers from a hilltop position, but with heavy casualties, including their commanding general Sir [[Penn Symons]].
* [[October 21]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Elandslaagte]] is fought in Natal, as the British Army recaptures the railway station from Boers, then proceeds toward the fortress of [[Ladysmith, KwaZulu-Natal|Ladysmith]]. South African General [[Johannes Hermanus Michiel Kock|Jan Kock]] is fatally wounded in the battle and dies 10 days later.<ref name=ARORN99>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Gfc-AQAAMAAJ ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews''] (December 1899) pp. 662-666</ref>
* [[October 24]]
** The sinking of the ship ''Cisneros'' by the [[Colombian Navy]] warship ''Hércules'' drowns more than 200 Liberal rebels during the [[Battle of Magdalena River]].<ref>Guillermo Plazas Olarte, ''La guerra civil de los Mil Días: Estudio militar'' (in Spanish) (Academia Boyacense de Historia, 1985) p. 47</ref>
** President Steyn of the South African Republic proclaims the annexation of the northern portion of the [[Cape Colony]] above the Vaal River.<ref name=ARORN99/>
* [[October 26]]
** [[Indirect fire]] is used for the first time in battle.<ref>Frank W. Sweet, ''The Evolution of Indirect Fire'' (Backintyme Publishing, 2000) pp. 28–33</ref> British gunners in the [[Second Boer War]] fire a cannon on a high trajectory toward the Boer Army, with the objective of having the shell come down on the enemy.
** The foundering of the British steamer ''Zurich'' off of the coast of Norway kills 16 of the 17 crew aboard, with only the captain surviving.<ref name=ARORN99/>
* [[October 29]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Kouno]] ends after two days in [[Chad]], as French Army Captain [[Émile Gentil]] leads a force of 344 troops against a much larger force of Sudanese Arabs, led by the warlord [[Rabih az-Zubayr]]. Gentil routs the Sudanese.<ref>Émile Gentil, ''La chute de l'empire de Rabah'' (reprinted by Hachette Press, 1971) pp. 574–584</ref>
* [[October 30]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Ladysmith]] begins as British troops at the Ladysmith fort attempt to make a preemptive strike against a larger force of South African Republic and Orange Free State troops that is gradually surrounding the fort. After sustaining 400 casualties and having 800 men captured, the British retreat back to the fort where [[Siege of Ladysmith|a 118-day siege]] begins on November 2.

=== November ===
* [[November 2]] &ndash; The [[siege of Ladysmith]] begins as armies of the two Boer republics cut telegraph lines connecting Ladysmith to the British colony, and try over the next 118 days to starve out the British force.<ref name=ARORN99/> The British defenders will hold the fort without surrendering, until the [[Relief of Ladysmith|siege is broken on February 28, 1900]] by a force led by [[Redvers Buller]].
* [[November 4]] &ndash; The [[Alpha Sigma Tau]] sorority is founded in [[Ypsilanti, Michigan]].
* [[November 5]]
** The U.S. Army wins the battle to capture the Philippine Republic's capital at [[Angeles City]], after nearly three months of fighting. It also captures the Philippine stronghold of [[Magalang]]. 
** The [[Belgian Antarctic Expedition]] is concluded.
* [[November 6]] &ndash; The Boers begin the shelling of the British settlement at [[Mafeking]].<ref name=ARORN99/>
* [[November 7]]
** Representatives of the U.S., the UK and Germany sign a treaty for arbitration of Samoa's claims for damages, with King Oscar of Sweden and Norway agreeing to become the neutral arbitrator.<ref name=ARORN99/>
** [[Joshua Lionel Cohen]] is awarded a U.S. patent for the [[flash-lamp]].
** (October 26 [[Old Style and New Style dates|Old Style]]) &ndash; [[Anton Chekhov]]'s ''[[Uncle Vanya]]'' receives its Russian metropolitan première at the [[Moscow Art Theatre]].
[[File:Uncle Vanya MAT.jpg|thumb|350px|[[Moscow Art Theatre]] production of ''[[Uncle Vanya]]'']]
* [[November 8]] &ndash; The [[Bronx Zoo|Bronx Zoological Park]] opens in [[New York City]].
* [[November 9]] &ndash; The Boer attack on Ladysmith is repulsed by British artillery, with the Boers sustaining 800 killed and wounded.<ref name=ARORN99/>
* [[November 11]] &ndash; The [[Battle of San Jacinto (1899)|Battle of San Jacinto]] is fought in the Philippines. The battle demonstrates the limitations to the heavy, wheel-mounted [[Gatling gun]], in uneven territory.
* [[November 12]] &ndash; The city of [[Puerto Cabello]] in [[Venezuela]] surrenders to General Cipriano Castro after heavy fighting.<ref name=ARORN99/>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; In [[Colombia]]'s [[Thousand Days' War]], the [[Battle of Bucaramanga (1899)|Battle of Bucaramanga]] ends with a victory of conservative forces over Liberal Party rebels.<ref>Guillermo Plazas Olarte, ''La Guerra Civil de los Mil Días: Estudio Militar'' (''The 1000-days Civil War: A Military Study'') (Academia Boyacense de Historia, 1985) p. 54</ref>
* [[November 14]] &ndash; The first aerial crossing of the [[Mediterranean Sea]] is made by [[Louis Capazza]] and Alphonse Fondère in Capazza's balloon. 
* [[November 15]] &ndash; The [[American Line]]'s {{SS|St. Paul}} becomes the first [[ocean liner]] to report her imminent arrival by [[wireless telegraphy]].
* [[November 21]] &ndash; [[Garret Hobart]], the [[incumbent]] 24th [[vice president of the United States]], dies of [[cardiovascular disease]]. 
* [[November 25]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Umm Diwaykarat]], a decisive British and [[Egypt]]ian victory, ends the [[Mahdist War]] in the [[Sudan]], as the Khalifa of Sudan, [[Abdallahi ibn Muhammad]], is killed.
* [[November 28]]
** The British Army sustains heavy losses in the [[Battle of Modder River]], despite routing the Boers.<ref name=ARORD99>[https://books.google.com/books?id=K-M-AQAAMAAJ ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews''] (January 1900) pp. 23-26</ref>
** The Philippine Republic capital at [[Bayambang]] surrenders as the government flees the Fourth Cavalry of the U.S. Army.
* [[November 29]] &ndash; The [[FC Barcelona]] [[association football]] club is founded.<ref>[https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2016/07/20/578fe0c4e5fdeaf4418b4632.html "The hidden story behind the founder of Barcelona"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921225116/https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2016/07/20/578fe0c4e5fdeaf4418b4632.html |date=September 21, 2022 }}, Unidad Editorial Información Deportiva (MARCA.com), July 20, 2016</ref>
* [[November 30]] &ndash; The first women to serve, in uniform, in the armed forces of any nation begins service as part of the [[Canadian Army|Canadian Militia]] Expeditionary Force to [[Cape Town]] to serve in the [[Boer War]]. [[Georgina Pope|Georgina Fane Pope]] and three other women are enlisted as army nurses. <ref>Patrick Robertson, ''Robertson's Book of Firsts: Who Did What for the First Time'' (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2011)</ref>

=== December ===
{{Main|December 1899}}
* [[December 2]]
** [[Philippine–American War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Tirad Pass]] ("The Filipino Thermopylae"): General [[Gregorio del Pilar]] and his troops are able to guard the retreat of Philippine President [[Emilio Aguinaldo]], before being wiped out.
** During the [[new moon]], a near-grand [[conjunction (astronomy)|conjunction]] of the [[classical planet]]s and several [[binoculars|binocular]] [[Solar System]] bodies occur. The Sun, Moon, [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]], [[Mars]] and [[Saturn]] are all within 15° of each other, with [[Venus]] 5° ahead of this conjunction and [[Jupiter]] 15° behind. 
* [[December 9]] &ndash; An explosion kills 32 coal miners at the Carbon Hill mines in [[Carbonado, Washington]].<ref name=ARORD99/>
* [[December 10]]
** Four-month-old [[Sobhuza II]] begins his 82-year reign as [[King of Swaziland]].
** [[Battle of Stormberg]]: The British Army makes a disastrous attempt to surprise the Boer position in Natal and suffers 687 losses.<ref name=ARORD99/>
** The college fraternity [[Delta Sigma Phi]] is founded at the [[City College of New York]].
* [[December 11]] &ndash; [[Second Boer War]]: [[Battle of Magersfontein]] &ndash; Boers defeat British forces trying to relieve the [[Siege of Kimberley]].
* [[December 13]] &ndash; General French routs Boer troops that had been advancing into the Cape Colony toward [[Noupoort]].<ref name=ARORD99/>
* [[December 15]]
** [[Battle of Colenso]]: Britain's General Buller loses 1,097 officers and men in Natal, the third serious British reverse in South Africa in this "[[Black Week]]".<ref name=ARORD99/>
** [[Glasgow School of Art]], the most notable work of Scottish architect [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]], opens.<ref>{{cite web|title=Congratulations to the Glasgow School of Art as they celebrate 100th anniversary of the Mackintosh Building|url=http://www.museumsgalleriesscotland.org.uk/news/news-article/301/congratulations-to-the-glasgow-school-of-art-as-they-celebrate-100th-anniversary-of-the-mackintosh-building|publisher=Museums Galleries Scotland|date=15 December 2009|access-date=2010-07-07|archive-date=February 4, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204111502/http://www.museumsgalleriesscotland.org.uk/news/news-article/301/congratulations-to-the-glasgow-school-of-art-as-they-celebrate-100th-anniversary-of-the-mackintosh-building|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[December 16]] &ndash; The [[Association football]] club [[A.C. Milan]] is founded.
* [[December 18]] &ndash; The British War Office sends [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Lord Roberts]] to South Africa to become the commander of British forces, with [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]] to be second in command, with 100,000 additional men.<ref name=ARORD99/>
* [[December 22]]
** More than 40 schoolchildren from [[Belgium]] drown in the capsizing of a boat near the French town of [[Frelinghien]].<ref name=ARORJ00>[https://books.google.com/books?id=K-M-AQAAMAAJ ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews''] (February 1900) pp. 153-157</ref>
** A fire kills 16 children in [[Quincy, Illinois]].<ref name=ARORJ00/>
* [[December 23]] &ndash; 40 coal miners are killed in an explosion near [[Brownsville, Pennsylvania]].<ref name=ARORJ00/>
* [[December 24]] &ndash; The wreck of the British steamship ''Ariosto'' off the coast of [[Hatteras, North Carolina]] drowns 21 of the crew.<ref name=ARORJ00/>

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Riro Kāinga|Riro]], last of the [[Kings of Easter Island]], on a visit to [[Valparaíso]], [[Chile]], dies either from alcohol poisoning, or an assassination plot by the Chilean government.<ref>{{citation|title=Island at the End of the World|first=Steven R.|last=Fischer|page=153}}</ref>
* [[Oxo (food)|Oxo]] [[Bouillon cube|beef stock cube]]s are introduced, by [[Liebig's Extract of Meat Company]].
* Giros-Loucheur Group, predecessor of [[Vinci SA|Vinci]], a worldwide [[construction]] and [[infrastructure]] industry, founded in [[France]].{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}
* [[Timken Roller Bearing Company]], predecessor of worldwide parts brand [[Timken Company|Timken]], is founded in [[Missouri]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timken.com/about/our-story/ |title=Our Story {{!}} The History of The Timken Company since 1899 |access-date=July 15, 2020 }}</ref>
* The [[1899–1923 cholera pandemic]] begins, spreading to [[Europe]], [[Asia]] and [[Africa]].

== Births ==
{{BD ToC|births|section=1}}

=== January ===
[[File:Páger Antal-1.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Antal Páger (actor)|Antal Páger]]]]
[[File:Max Theiler nobel.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Max Theiler]]]]
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Jack Beresford]], British Olympic rower (d. [[1977]])
* [[January 6]] &ndash; [[Heinrich Nordhoff]], German automotive engineer (d. [[1968]])
* [[January 7]] &ndash; [[Francis Poulenc]], French composer (d. [[1963]])
* [[January 8]] &ndash; [[S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike]], 4th [[Prime Minister of Sri Lanka]] (d. [[1959]])
* [[January 11]] &ndash; [[Eva Le Gallienne]], English actress (d. [[1991]])
* [[January 12]] &ndash; [[Paul Hermann Müller]], Swiss chemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1965]])
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Carlos P. Romulo]], Filipino diplomat (d. [[1985]])
* [[January 15]] &ndash; [[Goodman Ace]], American actor, comedian and writer (d. [[1982]])
* [[January 17]]
** [[Al Capone]], American gangster (d. [[1947]])
** [[Nevil Shute]], English-born novelist (d. [[1960]])
* [[January 21]] &ndash; [[John Bodkin Adams]], British physician acquitted of murder (d. [[1983]])
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Tom Denning, Baron Denning]], English lawyer, judge and [[Master of the Rolls]] (d. [[1999]])
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Paul-Henri Spaak]], 31st [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] and 2nd [[secretary general of NATO]] (d. [[1972]])
* [[January 27]] &ndash; [[Béla Guttmann]], Hungarian-born Association football coach (d. [[1981]])
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Antal Páger (actor)|Antal Páger]], Hungarian actor (d. [[1986]])
* [[January 30]] &ndash; [[Max Theiler]], South African virologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1972]])

=== February ===
[[File:Café Filho.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Café Filho]]]]
[[File:Ramón Novarro, circa 1934 (cropped).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ramon Novarro]]]]
* [[February 3]]
** [[Café Filho]], 18th [[President of Brazil]] (d. [[1970]])
** [[Lao She]], Chinese author (d. [[1966]])
** [[Doris Speed]], British actress (d. [[1994]])
** [[Mildred Trotter]], American forensic anthropologist (d. [[1991]])
* [[February 6]] &ndash; [[Ramon Novarro]], Mexican-born American actor (k. [[1968]])
* [[February 10]] &ndash; [[Cevdet Sunay]], 5th [[President of Turkey]] (d. [[1982]])
* [[February 15]]
** [[Georges Auric]], French composer (d. [[1983]])
** [[Lillian Disney]], American artist (d. [[1997]])
** [[Gale Sondergaard]], American actress (d. [[1985]])
* [[February 17]] &ndash; [[Jibanananda Das]], Indian poet, writer, novelist and essayist in [[Bengali language|Bengali]] (d. [[1954]])
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Arthur Bryant|Sir Arthur Bryant]], British historian (d. [[1985]])
* [[February 22]]
** [[Joseph Le Brix]], French aviator, naval officer (d. [[1931]])
** [[Ian Clunies Ross]], Australian scientist (d. [[1959]])
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Erich Kästner]], German writer (d. [[1974]])
* [[February 24]] &ndash; [[Mikhail Gromov (military)|Mikhail Gromov]], Soviet aviator (d. [[1985]])
* [[February 26]] &ndash; [[Alec Campbell]], Australian WWI soldier, last Australian Gallipoli veteran (d. [[2002]])
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Charles Best (medical scientist)|Charles Best]], Canadian medical scientist (d. [[1978]])

=== March ===
[[File:Frederik IX (cropped) - Det Kongelige Bibliotek (KE062449).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Frederik IX of Denmark]]]]
[[File:Gloria Swanson 1941.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Gloria Swanson]]]]
[[File:Lavrenti-Beria.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Lavrentiy Beria]]]]
* [[March 8]]
** [[Eric Linklater]], British author (d. [[1974]])
** [[Elmer Keith]], American rancher, author, and firearms enthusiast (d. [[1984]])
* [[March 11]] &ndash; King [[Frederik IX of Denmark]] (d. [[1972]])
* [[March 13]] &ndash; [[John Hasbrouck Van Vleck]], American physicist, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1980]])
* [[March 21]] &ndash; [[Panagiotis Pipinelis]], Prime Minister of Greece (d. [[1970]])
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Dorothy C. Stratton]], American director of the [[SPARS]] during World War II (d. [[2006]])
* [[March 25]] &ndash; [[Burt Munro]], New Zealand motorcycle racer (d. [[1978]])
*[[March 27]] &ndash; [[Gloria Swanson]], American actress (d. [[1983]])
* [[March 28]] 
** [[Gussie Busch]], American founder of the Anheuser-Busch Brewery Company (d. [[1989]])
** [[Harold B. Lee]], 11th president of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (d. [[1973]])
* [[March 29]] &ndash; [[Lavrentiy Beria]], Soviet official (d. [[1953]])

=== April ===
[[Image:Duke Ellington - publicity.JPG|thumb|100px|[[Duke Ellington]]]]
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Robert Casadesus]], French pianist (d. [[1972]])
* [[April 9]] &ndash; [[Hans Jeschonnek]], German general (d. [[1943]])
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Percy Lavon Julian]], American scientist (d. [[1975]])
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Osman Achmatowicz]], Polish chemist (d. [[1988]])
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[George O'Brien (actor)|George O'Brien]], American actor (d. [[1985]])
* [[April 20]] &ndash; [[Alan Arnett McLeod]], Canadian soldier, [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (d. [[1918]])
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Vladimir Nabokov]], Russian-born American writer (d. [[1977]])
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Bertil Ohlin]], Swedish economist, [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1979]])
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[Oscar Zariski]], Russian mathematician (d. [[1986]])
* [[April 27]] &ndash; [[Walter Lantz]], American animator, creator of [[Woody Woodpecker]] (d. [[1994]])
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Duke Ellington]], African-American jazz musician, bandleader (d. [[1974]])

=== May ===
[[File:Astaire, Fred - Never Get Rich.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Fred Astaire]]]]
[[File:Suzanne Lenglen 1922 (instant) (cropped) 3.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Suzanne Lenglen]]]]
* [[May 3]] &ndash; [[Aline MacMahon]], American actress (d. [[1991]])
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Friedrich Hayek]], Austrian economist, [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1992]])
* [[May 10]] &ndash; [[Fred Astaire]], American singer, dancer and actor (d. [[1987]])
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[Indra Devi]], Baltic-born yogi and actress (d. [[2002]])
* [[May 20]] &ndash; [[John Marshall Harlan II]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1971]])
* [[May 24]] 
** [[Suzanne Lenglen]], French tennis player (d. [[1938]])
** [[Kazi Nazrul Islam]], [[Bangladesh]]i national poet (d. [[1976]])
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Irving Thalberg]], American film producer (d. [[1936]])

=== June ===
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Lotte Reiniger]], German-born silhouette animator (d. [[1981]])
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Georg von Békésy]], Hungarian biophysicist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1972]])
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Ruth Poll]], American lyricist and music publisher (d. [[1955]])<ref>[https://archive.org/details/cashbox16unse_25/page/16/mode/2up?q=%22ruth+poll+dies%22 "Ruth Poll Dies"]. ''The Cash Box''. March 26, 1955. p.&nbsp;17. Retrieved March 19, 2023.</ref>
* [[June 11]] &ndash; [[Yasunari Kawabata]], Japanese writer, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] (d. [[1972]])
* [[June 12]] &ndash; [[Fritz Albert Lipmann]], German-born American biochemist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (d. [[1986]])
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Carlos Chávez]], Mexican composer (d. [[1978]])
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Helen Traubel]], American soprano (d. [[1972]])
* [[June 24]] &ndash; [[Bruce Marshall (writer)|Bruce Marshall]], Scottish writer (d. [[1987]])
* [[June 25]] &ndash; [[Arthur Tracy]], American singer (d. [[1997]])
* [[June 26]] &ndash; [[Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia]] (d. [[1918]])<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC Two - Russia's Lost Princesses - Beyond the portraits |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/HxprRdWRhF6G7zg54kFLnp/beyond-the-portraits |website=BBC |access-date=14 January 2022}}</ref>
* [[June 27]] &ndash; [[Juan Trippe]], American airline pioneer, entrepreneur (d. [[1981]])
* [[June 30]] &ndash; [[Madge Bellamy]], American actress (d. [[1990]])

=== July ===
[[File:George Cukor - 1946.jpg|thumb|100px|[[George Cukor]]]]
[[File:James cagney promo photo (cropped, centered).jpg|thumb|100px|[[James Cagney]]]]
[[File:ErnestHemingway.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ernest Hemingway]]]]
* [[July 1]] 
** [[Thomas A. Dorsey]], American musician (d. [[1993]])
** [[Charles Laughton]], English-American stage, film actor (d. [[1962]])
** [[Konstantinos Tsatsos]], President of Greece (d. [[1987]])
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Austin Warren (scholar)|Austin Warren]], American literary critic. (d. [[1986]])
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Marcel Achard]], French playwright, scriptwriter (d. [[1974]])
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Susannah Mushatt Jones]], American supercentenarian, last remaining American born in the 19th century and world's oldest living person (d. [[2016]])
* [[July 7]]
** [[George Cukor]], American film director (d. [[1983]])
** [[Jesse Wallace]], American naval officer, 29th [[Governor of American Samoa]] (d. [[1961]])
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[E. B. White]], American writer (d. [[1985]])
* [[July 12]] &ndash; [[E. D. Nixon]], African-American civil rights leader and union organizer (d. [[1987]])
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Seán Lemass]], Taoiseach of Ireland (d. [[1971]])
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[Božidar Jakac]], Slovene painter, photographer and filmmaker. (d. [[1989]])
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[James Cagney]], American actor and dancer (d. [[1986]])
* [[July 21]]
** [[Hart Crane]], American poet (suicide [[1932]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Hart Crane {{!}} American poet |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hart-Crane |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=27 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
** [[Ernest Hemingway]], American author, journalist (suicide [[1961]])
* [[July 22]] &ndash; King [[Sobhuza II of Swaziland]] (d. [[1982]])
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[Gustav Heinemann]], [[President of West Germany]] (d. [[1976]])
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[Chief Dan George]], Canadian actor, writer and tribal chief of the [[Tsleil-Waututh First Nation]] (d. [[1981]])
* [[July 29]] &ndash; [[Alice Terry]], American film actress (d. [[1987]])

=== August ===
[[File:P.L. Travers as Titania in a production with Alan Wilkie.jpg |thumb|100px|[[P. L. Travers]]]]
[[File:Hitchcock, Alfred 02.jpg|thumb|100px|Sir [[Alfred Hitchcock]]]]
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Ezra Taft Benson]], American religious leader, president of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (d. [[1994]])
* [[August 9]] 
** [[Paul Kelly (actor)|Paul Kelly]], American stage, film actor (d. [[1956]])
** [[P. L. Travers]], Australian-born British author (''[[Mary Poppins (book series)|Mary Poppins]]'') (d. [[1996]])
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Alfred Hitchcock]], British-born American film director (d. [[1980]])
* [[August 14]] &ndash; [[Alma Reville]], English screenwriter, wife of [[Alfred Hitchcock]] (d. [[1982]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Glenn Strange]], American actor (d. [[1973]])
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[Colleen Moore]], American actress (d. [[1988]])
* [[August 24]]
** [[Jorge Luis Borges]], Argentine writer (d. [[1986]])
** [[Albert Claude]], Belgian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. [[1983]])
* [[August 26]] &ndash; [[Rufino Tamayo]], Mexican painter (d. [[1991]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://colnal.mx/members/rufino-tamayo|title=Rufino Arellanes Tamayo|publisher=El Colegio Nacional|access-date=June 1, 2019|language=es}}</ref>
* [[August 27]]
** [[C. S. Forester]], English novelist (d. [[1966]])
** [[Byron Foulger]], American actor (d. [[1970]])
* [[August 28]] &ndash; [[Charles Boyer]], French actor (d. [[1978]])
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[Lyman Lemnitzer]], American general (d. [[1988]])
* [[August 31]] &ndash; [[Boots Adams]], American business magnate, president of [[Phillips Petroleum Company]] (d. [[1975]])

=== September ===
[[File:Frank Macfarlane Burnet.jpg|thumb|100px|Sir [[Macfarlane Burnet]]]]
[[File:Jimmie Davis 1962.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Jimmie Davis]]]]
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Andrei Platonov]], Russian-born Soviet writer (d. [[1951]])
* [[September 3]] &ndash; [[Macfarlane Burnet]], Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. [[1985]])
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[May McAvoy]], American actress and singer (d. [[1984]])
* [[September 9]] &ndash; [[Brassaï]], French photographer (d. [[1984]])
* [[September 11]] &ndash; [[Jimmie Davis]], American politician and musician, Governor of Louisiana (d. [[2000]])
* [[September 13]] &ndash; [[Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]], Romanian fascist politician, leader of the [[Iron Guard]] (d. [[1938]])
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Ida Kamińska]], Polish actress, playwright and translator (d. [[1980]])
* [[September 23]] 
** [[Tom C. Clark]], [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] (d. [[1977]])
** [[Louise Nevelson]], Ukrainian-born American sculptor (d. [[1988]])<ref>[https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/louise-nevelson-1696 Louise Nevelson 1899–1988]</ref>
* [[September 24]] &ndash; [[Bessie Braddock]], British politician (d. 1970)<ref>{{cite ODNB
|url= http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37214
|last= Ingham
|first= Robert
|title= Braddock [née Bamber], Elizabeth Margaret
|year= 2005
|doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/37214
|access-date= 22 October 2015
}} {{subscription required}}</ref>

=== October ===
* [[October 1]] &ndash; [[Ernest Haycox]], American writer (d. [[1950]])
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Gertrude Berg]], American actress (d. [[1966]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Gertrude Berg {{!}} American actress, producer and screenwriter |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gertrude-Berg |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=25 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[October 4]] &ndash; [[Franz Jonas]], [[President of Austria]] (d. [[1974]])
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[George, Duke of Mecklenburg]], head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. [[1963]])
* [[October 9]] &ndash; [[Bruce Catton]], American Civil War historian, Pulitzer Prize winner (d. [[1978]])
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Miguel Ángel Asturias]], Guatemalan writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1974]])
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[László Bíró]], Hungarian inventor of the ballpoint pen (d. [[1985]])
* [[October 29]] &ndash; [[Akim Tamiroff]], Armenian actor (d. [[1972]])

=== November ===
[[File:Iskander Mirza.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Iskander Mirza]]]]
[[File:Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei (7738).jpg|thumb|100px|[[Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei]]]]
* [[November 7]] &ndash; [[Stanisław Swianiewicz]], Polish economist and historian (d. [[1997]])
* [[November 11]] &ndash; [[Pat O'Brien (actor)|Pat O'Brien]], American actor (d. [[1983]])
* [[November 13]]
** [[Vera Caspary]], American screenwriter, novelist, playwright (d. [[1987]])
** [[Iskandar Ali Mirza]], 1st president of Pakistan (d. [[1969]])
* [[November 17]] &ndash; [[Douglas Shearer]], Canadian-born American film sound engineer (d. [[1971]])
* [[November 18]] &ndash; [[Eugene Ormandy]], Hungarian-American conductor (d. [[1985]])
* [[November 19]] &ndash; [[Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei]], Shia Ayatollah (d. [[1992]])
* [[November 22]] &ndash; [[Hoagy Carmichael]], American composer, pianist, singer, actor and bandleader (d. [[1981]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Soraya Tarzi]], Afghan feminist, queen (d. [[1968]])
* [[November 26]]
** [[Richard Hauptmann]], German murderer of [[Charles Lindbergh Jr.]] (d. [[1936]])
** [[Maurice Rose]], American general (d. [[1945]])
* [[November 29]] &ndash; [[Emma Morano]], Italian supercentenarian, oldest Italian ever, last surviving person born in the 1800s (d. [[2017]])

=== December ===
[[File:Noel Coward Allan warren edit 1.jpg|thumb|100px|Sir [[Noël Coward]]]]
[[File:Humphrey Bogart 1940.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Humphrey Bogart]]]]
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[Tommy Lucchese]], American gangster (d. [[1967]])
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[John Barbirolli]], English conductor (d. [[1970]])
* [[December 3]] &ndash; [[Hayato Ikeda]], prime minister of Japan (d. [[1965]])
* [[December 8]] &ndash; [[John Qualen]], Canadian-American actor (d. [[1987]])
* [[December 9]] &ndash; [[Jean de Brunhoff]], French writer (d. [[1937]])
* [[December 14]] &ndash; [[DeFord Bailey]], American country musician (d. [[1982]])
* [[December 15]] &ndash; [[Harold Abrahams]], British athlete (d. [[1978]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/68824 |title=Harold Abrahams |website=[[Olympedia]] |publisher=OlyMADMen |access-date=18 August 2024}}</ref>
* [[December 16]]
** [[Noël Coward]], English actor, playwright and composer (d. [[1973]])
** [[Aleksander Zawadzki]], [[President of Poland]] (d. [[1964]])
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[Peter Wessel Zapffe]], Norwegian author and philosopher (d. [[1990]])
* [[December 19]] &ndash; [[Martin Luther King Sr.]], American Baptist pastor, missionary, and figure in the [[civil rights movement]] (d. [[1984]])
* [[December 20]] &ndash; [[John Sparkman]], American politician (d. [[1985]])<ref>{{cite web |title=SPARKMAN, John Jackson 1899 – 1985 |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000701 |work=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]] |access-date=18 August 2024}}</ref>
* [[December 25]]
** [[Humphrey Bogart]], American actor (d. [[1957]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/birthday-of-reckoning/ |last=Mikkelson |first=David |author-link=David Mikkelson |title=Was Humphrey Bogart Born on Christmas Day? |website=[[Snopes]] |department=Fact Check |date=3 May 2002 |access-date=17 August 2024}}</ref>
** [[Oscar Polk]], American actor (d. [[1949]])
** [[Frank Ferguson]], American actor (d. [[1978]])
* [[December 28]] &ndash; [[Eugeniusz Bodo]], Polish actor (d. [[1943]])
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Nie Rongzhen]], Chinese Communist military leader (d. [[1992]])

===Date unknown===
* [[Nureddine Rifai]], 25th [[Prime Minister of Lebanon]] (d. [[1980]])

== Deaths ==
{{BD ToC|deaths|section=2}}

=== January–February ===
[[File:Alfred_Sisley_photo_full.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Alfred Sisley]]]]
[[File:Paul Julius Reuter 1869.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Paul Reuter]]]]
[[File:Emma Hardinge Britten 1884.png|thumb|110px|[[Emma Hardinge Britten]]]]
[[File:Antonio luna small.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Antonio Luna]]]]

* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[William Hugh Smith]], 72, Governor of Alabama during Reconstruction, 1868 to 1870, former Alabama legislator who joined the Union Army 
* [[January 10]]
** [[Jonathan Baldwin Turner|Jonathan B. Turner]], 93, U.S. educational reformer and champion of land grant universities, co-founder of the University of Illinois
** [[William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)|William A. Russell]], 67, U.S. Congressman and industrialist who was the first president of the International Paper Company
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[Nelson Dingley Jr.]], 66, U.S. politician and Congressman for Maine since 1881, author of the [[Dingley Act]] for increased tariffs
* [[January 14]] &ndash; [[Nubar Pasha]], 74, the first [[Prime Minister of Egypt]] (1878–79, 1884–88 and 1894–95)
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Jedediah Hotchkiss]], 70, American military cartographer for the Confederacy during the American Civil War
* [[January 23]] &ndash; [[Romualdo Pacheco]], 77, the only Hispanic [[Governor of California|Governor]] of the U.S. state of California (in 1875); (b. [[1831]])
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Alfred Sisley]], 59, French [[impressionism|impressionist]] landscape painter, died of throat cancer (b. [[1839]])
* [[January 30]] &ndash;[[Harry Bates (sculptor)|Harry Bates]], 48, British sculptor (b. [[1850]])
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma]], 29, princess consort of Bulgaria, from complications of childbirth (b. [[1870]])
* [[February 6]]
** [[Leo von Caprivi]], Chancellor of Germany (b. [[1831]])
** [[Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] (b. [[1874]])
* [[February 11]] &ndash; [[Teuku Umar]], Leader of Acehnese Rebellion (b. [[1854]])
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Félix Faure]], President of France (b. [[1841]])
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[Sophus Lie]], Norwegian mathematician; see [[Lie group]].(b. [[1842]])
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Gaëtan de Rochebouët]], Prime Minister of France (b. [[1813]])
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Paul Reuter]], German-born news agency founder (b. [[1816]])

=== March–April ===
* [[March 3]] &ndash; [[William P. Sprague]], American politician from Ohio (b. [[1827]])
* [[March 6]] &ndash; Princess [[Kaʻiulani]], last monarch of Hawaii (b. [[1875]])
* [[March 12]] &ndash; [[Julius Vogel|Sir Julius Vogel]], Premier of New Zealand (b. [[1835]])
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Othniel Charles Marsh]], American palaeontologist (b. [[1831]])
* [[March 20]] &ndash; [[Martha M. Place]], American murderer, first woman executed in the [[electric chair]] (b. [[1849]])
* [[March 24]] &ndash; [[Marie Goegg-Pouchoulin]], Swiss national, international women's rights activist, pacifist (b. [[1826]])
* [[April 1]] &ndash; [[Charles C. Carpenter (admiral)|Charles C. Carpenter]], American admiral (b. [[1834]])
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[T. E. Ellis]], Welsh politician (b. [[1859]])
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[Garret Barry (piper)|Garret Parry]], Irish piper (b. [[1847]])
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Pieter Rijke]], Dutch physicist (b. [[1812]])
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Lascăr Catargiu]], 4-time prime minister of Romania (b. [[1823]])
* [[April 16]] &ndash; [[Emilio Jacinto]], Filipino poet, revolutionary (b. [[1875]])
* [[April 22]]
** [[Sir John Mowbray, 1st Baronet]], British MP and [[Father of the House of Commons]] since 1898 (b. 1815)
** [[Johann Köler]], Estonian painter (b. [[1826]])
* [[April 24]] &ndash; [[Richard J. Oglesby]], U.S. politician, three-time Governor of Illinois for whom the town of [[Oglesby, Illinois]] is named (b. 1824)
* [[April 26]] &ndash; [[Count Karl Sigmund von Hohenwart]], Minister-President of Austria, 1871 (b. [[1824]])
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[Lewis Baker (politician)|Lewis Baker]], U.S. politician and diplomat (b. 1832)

=== May–June ===
* [[May 16]] &ndash; [[William Nast (Methodist)|William Nast]], German-born religious leader and founder of the German Methodist Church in the U.S. (b. 1807)
* [[May 19]] &ndash; [[Charles R. Buckalew]], American politician and diplomat (b. 1821)
* [[May 24]] &ndash; [[William Brett, 1st Viscount Esher]], British law lord (b. [[1817]])
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Emilio Castelar y Ripoll]], President of the First Spanish Republic (b. [[1832]])
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Johann Strauss II|Johann Strauss Jr.]], Austrian composer (b. [[1825]])
* [[June 4]] &ndash; [[Eugenio Beltrami]], Italian mathematician (b. [[1835]])
* [[June 5]] &ndash; [[Antonio Luna]], Filipino general (assassinated) (b. [[1866]])
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Augustin Daly]], American theatrical impresario, playwright (b. [[1838]])
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Ernest Chausson]], French composer (b. [[1855]])

=== July–August ===
[[File:Robert Bunsen 02.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Robert Bunsen]]]]
[[File:General Gregorio del Pilar 1.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Gregorio del Pilar]]]]
[[File:FRANCES LAUGHTON MACE A woman of the century (page 493 crop).jpg|thumb|110px|[[Frances Laughton Mace]]]]
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[William Henry Flower|Sir William Flower]], British museum curator and surgeon (b. [[1831]])
* [[July 2]] &ndash; General [[Horatio Wright]], 79, American engineer, U.S. Army officer in the American Civil War, Chief of Engineers for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (b. 1820)
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Alexander Armstrong (Royal Navy officer)|Sir Alexander Armstrong]], 81, Irish-born physician, Royal Navy officer and Arctic explorer (b. 1818)
* [[July 10]]
** [[Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia]], 28, Tsarevich and heir to the throne of Russia as younger brother of Nicholas II (b. 1871)
** [[Albert Grévy]], French statesman and [[List of French governors of Algeria|Governor-General of Algeria]] 1879-1881 (b. 1823) 
* [[July 16]]
** [[Margaretta Riley]], British botanist (b. [[1804]]) 
** [[William Preston Johnston]], 68, American college administrator and first president of [[Tulane University]] (b. 1831)
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Horatio Alger Jr.]], American writer (b. [[1832]])
* [[July 20]] &ndash; [[Frances Laughton Mace]], American poet (b. [[1836]])<ref>{{cite book|title=Appletons' Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xR1LAQAAMAAJ|year=1900|publisher=D. Appleton & Company|page=619}}</ref>
* [[July 21]] &ndash; [[Robert G. Ingersoll]], American politician (b. [[1833]])
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa]], German chess-master (b. [[1818]])
* [[August 4]] &ndash; [[Karl, Freiherr von Prel]], German philosopher (b. [[1839]])
* [[August 9]] 
** [[Edward Frankland|Sir Edward Frankland]], British chemist (b. [[1825]])
** [[Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia]], Russian Grand Duke, younger brother of [[Nicholas II of Russia]] (b. [[1871]])
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Robert Bunsen]], German chemist (b. [[1811]])

=== September–October ===
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Ernest Renshaw]], British tennis player (b. [[1861]])
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Cornelius Vanderbilt II]], American railway magnate (b. [[1843]])
* [[September 13]] &ndash; [[Sarah Warren Keeler]], American educator of the deaf-mute (b. [[1844]])
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Charles Alfred Pillsbury]], American industrialist (b. [[1842]])
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Giovanni Segantini]], Italian painter (b. [[1858]])
* [[October 2]] 
** [[Emma Hardinge Britten]], British writer (b. [[1823]])
** [[Percy Pilcher]], British aviation pioneer, glider pilot (b. [[1866]])
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[Deodato Arellano]], Filipino Propagandist (b. [[1844]])
* [[October 14]]
** [[Anna Cabot Lowell Quincy Waterston]], American diarist (b. [[1812]])
**[[Nicolai Hanson]], Norwegian zoologist and Antarctic explorer (b. [[1870]])
* [[October 22]] &ndash; [[Ella Hoag Brockway Avann]], American educator (b. [[1853]])
* [[October 23]] &ndash; [[Penn Symons|Sir Penn Symons]], British general (died of wounds) (b. [[1843]])
* [[October 25]] &ndash; [[Grant Allen]], Canadian science writer and novelist (b. [[1848]])
* [[October 30]] 
** [[Arthur Blomfield|Sir Arthur Blomfield]], British architect (b. [[1829]])
** [[William Henry Webb]], American industrialist, philanthropist (b. [[1816]])
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[Anton Berindei]], Wallachian-born Romanian general and politician (b. [[1838]])

=== November–December ===
[[File:Garret Augustus Hobart.jpg|thumb|148x148px|[[Garret Hobart]]]]
* [[November 16]]
** [[Vincas Kudirka]], Lithuanian doctor, poet and national hero (b. [[1858]])
** [[Julius Hermann Moritz Busch]], German publicist (b. [[1821]])
* [[November 21]] &ndash; [[Garret Hobart]], [[List of Vice Presidents of the United States|24th]] [[Vice President of the United States]] (b. [[1844]])
* [[November 23]] &ndash; [[Thomas Henry Ismay]], British owner of the White Star Line (b. [[1837]])
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Abdallahi ibn Muhammad]], Sudanese political, religious leader (killed in battle) (b. [[1846]])
* [[November 28]] &ndash; [[Virginia Oldoini, Countess of Castiglione]] (b. [[1837]])
* [[December 2]] &ndash; [[Gregorio del Pilar]], Filipino general (killed in battle) (b. [[1875]])
* [[December 10]] &ndash; King [[Ngwane V]] of Swaziland (b. [[1876]])
* [[December 19]] &ndash; [[Henry Ware Lawton]], American general (killed in action) (b. [[1843]])
* [[December 22]]
** [[Pascual Ortega Portales]], Chilean painter (b. [[1839]])
** [[Dwight L. Moody]], American evangelist (b. [[1837]])<ref>{{cite book |url=http://ark.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11916688d |title=Notice de personne "Moody, Dwight Lyman (1837-1899)" |trans-title=Person record "Moody, Dwight Lyman (1837-1899)" |language=fr |publisher=[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] |date=10 April 2015 |access-date=17 August 2024}}</ref>
** [[Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster]], British landowner and politician (b. [[1825]])
* [[December 30]]
**[[Eugène Bertrand]], 65, French comedian and opera house director (b. [[1834]])
* [[December 31]]
** [[Jane Mitchel]], Irish nationalist (b. c. 1820)
** [[Carl Millöcker]], 57, Viennese composer (b. [[1842]])
** [[Manuel Carrillo Tablas]], 77, Mexican philanthropist and mayor of Orizaba (b. [[1822]])

=== Date unknown ===

* [[Ellen Morton Littlejohn]], American quilter (b. c. [[1826]])

== References ==
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[[Category:1899| ]]