View source for Humvee

{{Short description|Family of light military vehicles}}
{{About|the military vehicle|the civilian vehicle brand|Hummer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)
| image              = 2015 MCAS Beaufort Air Show 041215-M-CG676-161.jpg
| image_size         = 250
| caption            = M1151 Enhanced Armament Carrier
| origin             = United States
| type               = {{plainlist|*2- or 4-door [[truck]]
* Unarmored: [[Military light utility vehicle|Light utility vehicle]]
* Armored: [[Infantry mobility vehicle]]}}
<!-- Type selection -->
| is_vehicle         = yes
<!-- Service history -->
| service            = 1985–present<ref>{{cite web|url=https://time.com/archive/6686223/a-brief-history-of-the-humvee/|title=A Brief History Of: The Humvee|website=Time Magazine|date=September 4, 2008|access-date=September 4, 2008}}</ref>
| used_by            = 
| wars               = {{Tree list}}
*[[Cold War]]
**[[United States invasion of Panama|Invasion of Panama]]
**[[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]]
*[[Somali Civil War]]
**[[Operation Gothic Serpent]]
**[[Battle of Mogadishu (1993)|Battle of Mogadishu]]
*[[War on Terror|Global War on Terrorism]]
**[[2001 insurgency in Macedonia]]
**[[Iraq War]]
**[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]]
**[[Syrian Civil War]]
**[[Moro conflict|Moro War]]
***[[Zamboanga City crisis]]
**[[War in Iraq (2013–2017)|War in Iraq]]
**[[Yemeni civil war (2014–present)|Yemeni Civil War]]
***[[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]]
*[[Mexican drug war]]
*[[Djiboutian-Eritrean border conflict]]
*[[Arab–Israeli conflict]]
*[[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
**[[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|War in Donbas]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5wQes_oVxrA|date=2015|title=Тест-драйв Хамера з позивним "Рем" у зоні АТО. HMMWV|location=Ukraine|via=YouTube|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623190044/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5wQes_oVxrA|url-status=live}}</ref>
**[[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1497766988881481732|user=RALee85 |title=A destroyed Ukrainian Humvee in Tokmak |first=Rob |last=Lee |date=2022-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227025446/https://twitter.com/RALee85/status/1497766988881481732 |archive-date=2022-02-27}}</ref>
{{Tree list/end}}
<!-- Production history -->
| designer           = 
| design_date        = 
| manufacturer       = [[AM General]], assembled in [[Mishawaka, Indiana]]
| unit_cost          = $220,000 (2011) (up-armored)<ref>{{cite web|last1=Keyes|first1=Charles|title=Steep cost of military vehicles outlined in Army report|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/US/01/27/army.vehicle.costs/|publisher=CNN|access-date=28 April 2015|date=28 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516054140/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/US/01/27/army.vehicle.costs/|archive-date=16 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> (equivalent to ${{Format price|{{Inflation|US-GDP|220000|2011}}}} in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}}){{Inflation/fn|US-GDP}}
| production_date    = January 2, 1985 – present<ref>{{cite web|url=https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/the-u-s-armys-humvee/|title=The U.S. Army's Humvee|website=Warfare History Network|date=October 1, 2009|access-date=October 1, 2009}}</ref>
| body_style(s)      = 
| number             = 281,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2013/08/15/humvee-symbolizes-coast-guards-role-in-war.html?comp=7000023468292&rank=3 |title=Humvee Symbolizes Coast Guard's Role in War |publisher=Military.com |access-date=2013-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903231929/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2013/08/15/humvee-symbolizes-coast-guards-role-in-war.html?comp=7000023468292&rank=3 |archive-date=3 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="army-tech30sep14"/>
| variants           = <!-- General specifications -->
| spec_label         = 
| weight             = {{convert|5200|to|5900|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} curb weight, {{convert|7700|to|8500|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} gross weight<ref name=hmmwv_AM_General>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160905050431/http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hmmwv/features.php HMMWV Features & Design (archived)]. AM General.</ref>
| length             = {{convert|15|ft|m|2|abbr=on}},<ref name=hmmwv_fact_file>[http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/wheeled/hmmwv.html HMMWV Fact File] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312084342/http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/wheeled/hmmwv.html |date=12 March 2008}}. U.S. Army.</ref> wheelbase {{convert|10|ft|10|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| part_length        = 
| width              = {{convert|7|ft|1|in|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name=hmmwv_fact_file/>
| height             = {{convert|6|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}, reducible to {{convert|4|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name=hmmwv_fact_file/>
| diameter           = 
| crew               = <!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
| armour             = 
| primary_armament   = Multiple, see [[#Design features|design features]]
| secondary_armament = 
| engine             = 6.2 L ''[[Detroit Diesel V8 engine#6.2L|Detroit Diesel]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]]<br />6.5 L ''[[Detroit Diesel V8 engine#6.5L|Detroit Diesel]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]]<ref name=hmmwv_AM_General/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.military.com/equipment/high-mobility-multipurpose-wheeled-vehicle-hmmwv|title=High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)|website=Military.com|access-date=June 30, 2024}}</ref>
| pw_ratio           = 
| transmission       = 3-speed automatic or 4-speed automatic<ref name=hmmwv_AM_General/>
| payload_capacity   = 
| suspension         = Independent 4×4
| clearance          = 
| fuel_capacity      = {{convert|25|U.S.gal|L|abbr=on}}<ref name=hmmwv_fact_file/>
| vehicle_range      = {{convert|250–350|mi|km}}<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=https://www.militarytrader.com/mv-101/hummer-history|title=Humvee History|website=Military Trader|date=April 25, 2023|access-date=April 25, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/2008/06/05/mileage-military-vehicles-tech-logistics08-cz_ph_0605fuel_slide.html|title=In Pictures: Fuel-Sucking Military Vehicles|website=Forbes|date=July 12, 2012|access-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref>
| speed              = 55&nbsp;mph (89&nbsp;km/h) at max gross weight<ref>[http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m998.htm High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) (M998 Truck)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703095224/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m998.htm |date=3 July 2009}}. fas.org</ref> <br />Over 70&nbsp;mph (113&nbsp;km/h) top speed<ref name=hmmwv_AM_General/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121102191012/http://military.discovery.com/technology/vehicles/ifv/ifv.html Top Ten Infantry Fighting Vehicles, Humvee (archived)]. military.discovery.com</ref>
| guidance           = 
| steering           = 
}}

The '''High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle''' ('''HMMWV'''; [[colloquial]]: '''Humvee''') is a family of [[Military light utility vehicle|light]], [[four-wheel drive]] [[Military vehicle#Military trucks|military trucks]] and utility vehicles produced by [[AM General]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hummer/compare.php |title=HMMWV vs. HUMMER H1 |publisher=AM General LLC – Amgeneral.com |access-date=2013-11-16 |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103075415/http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hummer/compare.php}}</ref> It has largely supplanted the roles previously performed by the [[Willys MB|original jeep]], and others such as the Vietnam War-era [[M151 ¼-ton 4×4 utility truck|M151 Jeep]], the M561 "[[Gama Goat]]", their M718A1 and M792 ambulance versions, the [[Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle]], and other light trucks. Primarily used by the [[United States military]], it is also used by numerous other countries and organizations and even in civilian adaptations. 

The Humvee saw widespread use in the [[Gulf War]] of 1991, where it navigated the desert terrain; this usage helped to inspire civilian [[Hummer]] versions. The vehicle's original unarmored design was later seen to be inadequate and was found to be particularly vulnerable to [[improvised explosive device]]s in the [[Iraq War]]. The U.S. hastily up armored select models and replaced frontline units with the [[MRAP]]. Under the [[Joint Light Tactical Vehicle program|Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) program]], in 2015 the U.S. Army selected the [[Oshkosh L-ATV]] [[Humvee replacement process|to replace]] the vehicle in frontline U.S. military service.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Editors |first=HISTORY com |date=2009-11-13 |title=The origins of the Hummer {{!}} March 22, 1983 |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/march-22/the-origins-of-the-hummer |access-date=2025-06-05 |website=HISTORY |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Since [[World War II]], the "[[Willys MB]] {{1/4}}-ton Truck, Command and Reconnaissance", and its evolutions, were used for mass-deployment, and became known as "jeeps". The United States military had continued to rely heavily on jeeps as general utility vehicles and as a mass-transport for soldiers in small groups. Although the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] had let [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] redesign the jeep from the ground up during the 1950s, and the resulting 1960 [[M151 ¼-ton 4×4 utility truck|Ford M151 jeep]] incorporated significant innovations, it firmly adhered to the original concept: a very compact, light enough to manhandle, low profile vehicle, with a folding windshield, that a layman could barely distinguish from the preceding [[Willys MB|Willys jeeps]]. The jeeps were more than two feet shorter than a [[Volkswagen Beetle]] and weighed just over one metric ton, seating three to four, with a {{convert|800|lb|kg|abbr=on}} off-road payload rating. During and after the war, the very light, {{frac|1|4}}-ton jeeps were complemented by the {{frac|3|4}}-ton [[Dodge WC series|Dodge WC]] and Korean War [[Dodge M37]] models.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

By the mid-1960s, the U.S. military felt a need to reevaluate their aging light vehicle fleet.<ref name=WHNhumV>{{cite web |url= http://warfarehistorynetwork.com/daily/military-history/the-u-s-armys-humvee/ |title=The U.S. Army's Humvee |last=Mroz |first=Albert |date=16 June 2016 |website= Warfare History Network |publisher=Sovereign Media |access-date=2018-06-18 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180618203631/http://warfarehistorynetwork.com/daily/military-history/the-u-s-armys-humvee/ |archive-date=18 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> From the mid-1960s, the U.S. Army had tried to modernize, through replacing the larger, purpose-built [[Dodge M37]]s by militarized, "commercial off the shelf" (COTS) 4×4 trucks — initially the [[Kaiser Jeep M715|M715 Jeep trucks]], succeeded in the later 1970s by several [[Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle|"CUCV" adapted commercial pickup]] series, but these did not satisfy newer requirements either. What was wanted was a truly versatile light military truck, that could replace multiple outdated vehicles. When becoming aware of the U.S. Army's desire for a versatile new light weapons carrier/reconnaissance vehicle, as early as 1969 [[FMC Corporation#FMC|FMC Corporation]] started development on their [[FMC XR311|XR311 prototype]] and offered it for testing in 1970.<ref name=WHNhumV /> At least a dozen of these were built for testing under the ''High Mobility Combat Vehicle'', or HMCV program, initially much more as an enhanced capability successor to the M151 jeep, than as a general-purpose vehicle.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

[[File:Humvee wnetrze.jpg|thumb|left|Humvee interior]]
The HMMWV program had its origins in the Combat Support Vehicle (CSV) program.{{sfn|Zaloga|2006|loc=HMMWV Origins}} The XM966 CSV was a proposed platform for the TOW missile launcher.{{sfn|Foss|1979|p=265}} Congress ended the program in 1977 due to the relatively small requirement of 3,800 vehicles. Adjusting to Congress's expectations, the Army increased the scale of the program, then called the XM966 High Mobility Weapons Carrier (CSVP), to replace multiple other trucks.{{sfn|Foss|1981|p=266}} Congress, interested in a larger joint services truck program, removed the CSVP from the 1979 budget. The Army restructured the program, which was then called '''High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle'''.{{sfn|Zaloga|2006|loc=HMMWV Origins}}

In 1979, the U.S. Army released draft specifications for the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), which was to replace all U.S. Army tactical vehicles in the 1/4-ton to 5/4-ton range,{{sfn|Zaloga|2006|loc=HMMWV Origins}}<ref>[http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hmmwv/background.php HMMWV Background] amgeneral.com. Retrieved on 2015-01-27 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118121050/http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hmmwv/background.php |date=18 January 2016}}</ref> As well as select vehicles in the [[U.S. Marine Corps]] and [[U.S. Air Force]].{{sfn|Foss|1983|p=440}} Namely these were the M151 quarter-ton jeeps, [[Gama Goat|M561 Gama Goats]], and the CUCVs, as one uniform "jack-of-all-trades" light tactical vehicle series, to better perform the roles of the impractically mixed fleet of outdated existing vehicles.<ref name="army-tech30sep14">{{cite web |first1=Grant |last1=Turnbull |url=http://www.army-technology.com/features/featureend-of-an-icon-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-humvee-4381884/ |title=End of an icon: the rise and fall of the Humvee |website=army-technology.com |date=2014-09-30 |access-date=2015-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030021334/http://www.army-technology.com/features/featureend-of-an-icon-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-humvee-4381884/ |archive-date=30 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}} The specifications called for a diesel engine,{{sfn|Foss|1981|p=660}} excellent on and [[Off-roading|off-road]] performance, the ability to carry a large payload, and improved survivability against indirect fire.<ref name="telegraph14march14">Pat Ware [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/10696138/The-changing-role-of-the-Humvee.html The changing role of the Humvee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125334/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/10696138/The-changing-role-of-the-Humvee.html |date=22 January 2018}}. ''Telegraph'', 2014-03-14. Retrieved 2015-01-27</ref> Compared to the jeep, it was larger and had a much wider track, with a {{convert|16|in|mm|abbr=on}} ground clearance, double that of most [[Sport utility vehicle|sport-utility vehicles]]. The new truck was to climb a 60 percent incline and traverse a 40 percent slope and ford {{convert|5|ft|m|abbr=on}} of water<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/autos/marketplace|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227091909/http://editorial.autos.msn.com/article.aspx?cp-documentid=435127|url-status=dead|title=Used cars and new cars for sale – Microsoft Start Autos|archive-date=27 February 2014|website=MSN}}</ref> and electronics waterproofed to drive through {{convert|2.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} of water were specified. The radiator was to be mounted high, sloping over the engine on a forward-hinged hood.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

Out of 61 companies that showed interest in the contract, five companies submitted proposals before the deadline in April 1981.{{sfn|Foss|1983|p=440}} In July 1981, the Army awarded contracts to three companies—[[AM General]], [[Chrysler#Chrysler Defense|Chrysler Corporation]], and [[Teledyne Continental]]—to build eleven HMMWV prototypes each.{{sfn|Foss|1983|p=440}} The vehicles (six weapon carriers and five utility vehicles) were delivered by May 1982.{{sfn|Foss|1984|p=449}}

The Teledyne HMMWV was based on the rear-engined XR311 Cheetah. Chrysler's HMMWV was based on the Expanded Mobility Truck. Chrysler Defense was sold mid-competition to [[General Dynamics Land Systems]]. The AM General HMMWV was developed as a private venture to meet the HMMWV requirement. The first prototype (a weapons carrier variant) was completed in August 1980 and sent to the Nevada Automotive Test Center for testing.{{sfn|Foss|1984|p=449}} AM General nicknamed the prototypes it delivered for the Army competition "Hummer," which AM General had the foresight to trademark.{{sfn|Zaloga|2006|loc=HMMWV Origins}}

The vehicles underwent testing at [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]], Maryland and [[Yuma, Arizona]].{{sfn|Zaloga|2006|loc=HMMWV Origins}} The vehicles were subjected to over 600,000 miles in trials which included off-road courses in desert and arctic conditions.{{cn|date=April 2024}} On March 22, 1983, AM General was awarded the contract.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-origins-of-the-hummer|title=The origins of the Hummer|website=HISTORY.com|date=November 13, 2009|access-date=November 13, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wearethemighty.com/articles/today-in-military-history-origins-of-the-humvee/|title=Today in military history: Origins of the Humvee|website=We Are The Mighty|date=March 19, 2023|access-date=March 19, 2023}}</ref> The vehicle's durability and light weight were factors that led to its selection.{{sfn|Zaloga|2006|loc=HMMWV Origins}} AM General was awarded an initial contract for 2,334 vehicles, the first batch of a five-year contract that would see 55,000 vehicles delivered to the U.S. military, including 39,000 vehicles for the Army.{{sfn|Foss|1984|p=449}} 72,000 vehicles had been delivered to the U.S. and foreign customers by the Persian Gulf War of 1991, and 100,000 had been delivered by the Humvee's 10th anniversary in 1995.<ref name="army-tech30sep14" /> [[Fort Lewis (Washington)|Ft. Lewis]], Washington, and the 2nd Battalion, 47th Infantry, [[9th Infantry Division (United States)|9th Infantry Division]] was the testing unit to employ HMMWV in the new concept of a motorized division. [[Yakima Training Center]], Washington, was the main testing grounds for HMMWVs from 1985 through December 1991, when the motorized concept was abandoned and the division inactivated.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

In June 1983, a Pentagon report noted the vehicle's "very low" reliability, averaging 370 miles between failures.<ref>{{cite news |title=Army's Replacement for Jeep Failing Pentagon Battle Tests |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/05/us/army-s-replacement-for-jeep-failing-pentagon-battle-tests.html?searchResultPosition=27 |access-date=20 April 2024 |work=The New York Times |agency=Reuters |date=5 June 1983 |archive-date=20 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420230724/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/05/us/army-s-replacement-for-jeep-failing-pentagon-battle-tests.html?searchResultPosition=27 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 1989, AM General was awarded a $1 billion contract from the Army to produce 33,000 HMMWVs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Company News; AM General Vehicle Contract |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/23/business/company-news-am-general-awarded-army-vehicle-contract.html?searchResultPosition=38 |access-date=20 April 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=23 August 1989 |archive-date=20 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420230723/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/23/business/company-news-am-general-awarded-army-vehicle-contract.html?searchResultPosition=38 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Use in combat===
HMMWVs first saw combat in [[United States invasion of Panama|Operation Just Cause]], the U.S. invasion of Panama in 1989. The HMMWV was designed primarily for personnel and light cargo transport behind front lines, not as a frontline fighting vehicle. Like the previous jeep, the basic first-generation HMMWV has no armor (though armament carriers and hard-shell ambulances did have modest ballistic protection){{sfn|Zaloga|2006|loc=First-Generation HMMWV}} or protection against [[Weapon of mass destruction|chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear threats]]. Nevertheless, losses were relatively low in [[conventional warfare|conventional operations]], such as the [[Gulf War]]. Vehicles and crews suffered considerable damage and losses during the [[Battle of Mogadishu (1993)|Battle of Mogadishu]] in 1993 because of the nature of urban engagement. However, the chassis survivability allowed the majority of those crews to return to safety, though the HMMWV was never designed to offer protection against intense small arms fire, much less [[machine gun]]s and [[rocket-propelled grenade]]s. With the rise of [[asymmetric warfare]] and [[low-intensity conflict]]s, the HMMWV was pressed into service in urban combat roles for which it was not originally intended.<ref>[http://www.museum-mm.org/high-mobility-multipurpose-wheeled-vehicle-hmmwv/ HMMWV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306035417/http://www.museum-mm.org/high-mobility-multipurpose-wheeled-vehicle-hmmwv/ |date=6 March 2017}} museum-mm.org</ref>

After [[Unified Task Force|Operation Restore Hope]] in Somalia, the military recognized a need for a more protected HMMWV. AM General developed the M1114, an armored HMMWV to withstand small arms fire. The M1114 has been in production since 1996, seeing limited use in the [[Balkans]] before deployment to the [[Middle East]]. This design is superior to the M998 with a larger, more powerful [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] engine, [[air conditioning]], and a strengthened [[Car suspension|suspension]] system. More importantly, it boasts a fully [[Vehicle armour|armored]] passenger area protected by hardened steel and [[Bulletproof glass|bullet-resistant glass]]. With the increase in direct attacks and asymmetric warfare in [[Iraq War|Iraq]], AM General diverted the majority of its manufacturing power to producing these vehicles.{{cn|date=April 2024}}

Humvees were sent into [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2014)|Afghanistan]] following the [[September 11 attacks]], where they proved invaluable during initial operations. In the early years before [[Improvised explosive device|IEDs]] became prevalent, the vehicle was liked by troops for its ability to access rough, mountainous terrain. Some soldiers would remove features from Humvees, including what little armor it had and sometimes even entire doors, to make them lighter and more maneuverable for off-road conditions and to increase visibility. With the onset of the Iraq War, Humvees proved very vulnerable to IEDs; in the first four months of 2006, 67 U.S. troops died in Humvees. To increase protection, the U.S. military hastily added armor kits to the vehicles. Although this somewhat improved survivability, bolting on armor made the Humvee an "ungainly beast", increasing weight and putting a strain on the chassis, which led to unreliability. Armored doors that weighed hundreds of pounds were difficult for troops to open, and the newly armored turret made Humvees top-heavy and increased the danger of [[Vehicle rollover|rollovers]]. The [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] decided to start replacing Humvees in combat with Mine-Resistant, Ambush-Protected ([[MRAP]]) vehicles in 2007, and the U.S. Army stated that the vehicle was "no longer feasible for combat" in 2012.<ref name="army-tech30sep14" /><ref name="telegraph14march14" /> However, Humvees have also been used by [[Taliban]] insurgents for [[car bomb|suicide bombings]] against the [[Afghan National Security Forces]] in the country.<ref name="wp">{{Cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/official-suicide-bomber-in-eastern-afghanistan-kills-5/2020/05/18/a7a9d542-98c1-11ea-ad79-eef7cd734641_story.html |title=Taliban suicide bomber kills 9 troops in eastern Afghanistan |date=May 18, 2020 |via= washingtonpost.com/ |access-date=25 June 2020 |archive-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523172225/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/official-suicide-bomber-in-eastern-afghanistan-kills-5/2020/05/18/a7a9d542-98c1-11ea-ad79-eef7cd734641_story.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-05/18/c_139066055.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520104753/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-05/18/c_139066055.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 May 2020 |title=At least 7 killed in Taliban attack in Afghanistan's Ghazni|date=May 18, 2020 |via= xinhuanet.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/05/18/world/asia/ap-as-afghanistan.html |title=Official: Suicide Bomber in Eastern Afghanistan Kills 5 |date=May 18, 2020 |via= nytimes.com}}</ref>

The HMMWV has become the vehicular backbone of U.S. forces around the world. Over 10,000 HMMWVs were employed by coalition forces during the Iraq War.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Warner |first1=Fara |author-link=Fara Warner |title=Army Stepping Up Its Humvee Orders For Troops in Iraq |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/25/business/army-stepping-up-its-humvee-orders-for-troops-in-iraq.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=18 January 2019 |date=25 December 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121643/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/25/business/army-stepping-up-its-humvee-orders-for-troops-in-iraq.html |archive-date=19 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> The Humvee has been described as a vehicle with "the right capability for its era": designed to provide payload mobility in protected (safe) areas. However, deploying the vehicle to conflict zones where it was exposed to a full spectrum of threat which it was neither designed to operate, or be survivable in, led to adding protection at the cost of mobility and payload.<ref name="army-tech30sep14" />

On 22 April 2022, [[United States Department of Defense|Pentagon]] [[Press Secretary]] John F. Kirby described a package of military equipment being transported to [[Ukraine]] to assist in its war with Russia, including "100 armored Humvee vehicles".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2998981/howitzers-helicopters-humvees-headed-to-ukraine/https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2998981/howitzers-helicopters-humvees-headed-to-ukraine/|title=Howitzers, Helicopters, Humvees Headed to Ukraine|website=U.S. Department of Defense}}{{dead link|date=April 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> An additional 50 were promised on 19 August 2022, and were delivered at an unknown date.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3134457/775-million-in-additional-security-assistance-for-ukraine/ |title=$775 Million in Additional Security Assistance for Ukraine |access-date=28 September 2022 |archive-date=21 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821115628/https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3134457/775-million-in-additional-security-assistance-for-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A number of Humvees were used in the assault on the Russian [[oblast]] of [[Belgorod Oblast|Belgorod]] on 22 May 2023.<ref name="auto" /> Ukraine first received Humvees from the U.S. in 2001, and they were used by them in peacekeeping operations in Kosovo that same year.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a43993683/raid-in-russia-belgorod-leaves-behind-american-humvees-mraps/|title=A Raid in Russia's Belgorod Left Behind a Trail of American Humvees|date=25 May 2023|website=Popular Mechanics|access-date=23 June 2023|archive-date=23 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623190349/https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a43993683/raid-in-russia-belgorod-leaves-behind-american-humvees-mraps/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Modifications===
[[File:Marine humvee with bolt-on armor x2.jpg|thumb|right|A [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] M1123 HMMWV in 2004, equipped with a bolt-on MAK armor kit]]

In December 2004, Secretary of Defense [[Donald Rumsfeld]] came under criticism from U.S. troops and their families for not providing better-equipped HMMWVs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna6694474 |title=NBC: Boost for armored Humvee output – Conflict in Iraq |publisher=NBC News |date=2004-12-10 |access-date=2013-11-16 |archive-date=21 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221211845/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6694474 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rumsfeld pointed out that, before the war, armor kits were produced only in small numbers per year. As the role of American forces in Iraq changed from fighting the [[Iraqi Army]] to suppressing the insurgency, more armor kits were being manufactured, though perhaps not as fast as production facilities were capable. Even more advanced kits were also being developed.  While these kits are much more effective against all types of attacks, they weigh from {{convert|1500|to|2200|lb|kg|sigfig=2|abbr=on}} and have some of the same drawbacks as the improvised armor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense-update.com/products/h/humvee-ogara.htm |title=Up-Armored Humvee M1114 |publisher=Defense-update.com |date=2006-07-26 |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428211510/http://www.defense-update.com/products/h/humvee-ogara.htm |archive-date=28 April 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Unlike similar-sized civilian cargo and tow trucks, which typically have dual rear wheels to reduce sway, the HMMWV has single rear wheels because of its independent rear suspension coupled with the body design.

Most up-armored HMMWVs hold up well against lateral attacks when the blast is distributed in all different directions but offer little protection from a mine blast below the truck, such as buried IEDs and [[land mine]]s. [[Explosively formed penetrator]]s (EFPs) can also defeat the armor kits, causing casualties.

[[File: Humvee equipped with four snow treads.jpg|thumb|left|At the [[Bridgeport, California]] Mountain Warfare Training Center in March 1997, a test HMMWV drives through the snow, equipped with [[Mattracks]] treads]]
The armor kits fielded include the [[Armor Survivability Kit]] (ASK), [[M1114 HMMWV Interim Fragment (Frag) Kit 5|FRAG 5]], [[Frag Kit 6|FRAG 6]], as well as upgrade kits to the [[M1151]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-3-04/up-armored-humvee.htm |title=Up-Armored HUVMEE (UAH) |publisher=Defense-update.com |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107142718/http://www.defense-update.com/features/du-3-04/up-armored-humvee.htm |archive-date=7 November 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/5958m-contract-for-m1151-hummers-uparmor-price-limits-02488/ |title=$595.8M Contract for M1151 Hummers & Up-Armor Price Limits |publisher=Defense Industry Daily |date=2006-08-02 |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828234555/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/5958m-contract-for-m1151-hummers-uparmor-price-limits-02488/ |archive-date=28 August 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> The ASK was the first fielded in October 2003, adding about {{convert|1000|lb|kg|sigfig=2}} to the weight of the vehicle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense-update.com/products/a/ask.htm |title=Armor Survivability Kit (ASK) for soft vehicles |publisher=Defense-update.com |date=2006-07-26 |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407214858/http://www.defense-update.com/products/a/ask.htm |archive-date=7 April 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Armor Holdings]] fielded an even lighter kit, adding only {{convert|750|lb|kg|sigfig=2}} to the vehicle's weight.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense-update.com/products/h/humvee-kit-battelle.htm |title=HMMWV Armor Kit – Battelle |publisher=Defense-update.com |date=2005-10-25 |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324142855/http://www.defense-update.com/products/h/humvee-kit-battelle.htm |archive-date=24 March 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Marine Armor Kit (MAK), fielded in January 2005, offers more protection than the M1114 but also increases weight.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} The FRAG 5 offered even more protection but was still inadequate to stop EFP attacks.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/11/AR2007021101345.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=Thousands of Army Humvees Lack Armor Upgrade |date=2007-02-12 |access-date=2010-05-04 |archive-date=12 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012123109/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/11/AR2007021101345.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The FRAG 6 kit is designed to do just that, however its increased protection adds over {{convert|1,000|lb|abbr=on}} the vehicle over the FRAG 5 kit, and the width is increased by {{convert|2|ft|cm|sigfig=2}}. The doors may also require a mechanical assist device to open and close.<ref>{{cite web |title=Humvee May Get Armor, Performance Boost |publisher=Military.com |date=2007-08-17 |first=Christian |last=Lowe |url=http://www.military.com/NewsContent/0,13319,146187,00.html?wh=wh |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819111517/http://www.military.com/NewsContent/0,13319,146187,00.html?wh=wh |archive-date=19 August 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:SAM-HMMWV.jpg|thumb|right|A HMMWV equipped with [[SLAMRAAM]] [[surface-to-air missile]]s, on display at the [[Paris Air Show]] in June 2007]]
Another drawback of the up-armored HMMWVs occurs during an accident or attack, when the heavily armored doors tend to jam shut, trapping the troops inside.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/field-lifesaver-10th-mountain-division-invents-the-rat-claw-02969/ |title=Field Life-saver: 10th Mountain Division Invents "The Rat Claw" |publisher=Defense Industry Daily |date=2007-01-19 |access-date=2010-11-27 |url-status=live |archive-date=27 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004527/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/field-lifesaver-10th-mountain-division-invents-the-rat-claw-02969/}}</ref> As a result, the U.S. Army [[United States Army Aviation and Missile Center|Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center]] developed the Humvee Crew Extraction D-ring in 2006. The D-ring hooks on the door of the HMMWV so that another vehicle can rip the door off with a tow strap, chain, or cable to free the troops inside.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=September 2007|title=Acquisition & Logistics Excellence|journal=Defense AT&L|volume=36 |issue=5|page=65 |url=http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA482552 |via=Defense Technical Information Center}}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.military.com/NewsContent/0,13319,135017,00.html |title=Humvee Doors Trap Troops |publisher=Military.com |date=2007-05-08 |agency=UPI |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510020918/http://www.military.com/NewsContent/0,13319,135017,00.html |archive-date=10 May 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> The D-ring was later recognized as one of the top 10 greatest Army inventions of 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Army Recognizes Greatest Inventions for 2006 |url=https://www.army.mil/article/3629/army_recognizes_greatest_inventions_for_2006|last=Leipold|first=J.D. |date=15 June 2007|work=U.S. Army |access-date=27 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712005407/https://www.army.mil/article/3629/army_recognizes_greatest_inventions_for_2006|archive-date=12 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, Vehicle Emergency Escape (VEE) windows, developed by [[BAE Systems]], were fielded for use on the M1114 up-armored HMMWV, with 1,000 kits ordered.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/bae-invents-vee-quick-escape-bulletproof-windows-03711/ |title=BAE Invents VEE Quick-Escape Bulletproof Windows |publisher=Defense Industry Daily |date=2010-10-05 |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910135327/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/bae-invents-vee-quick-escape-bulletproof-windows-03711/ |archive-date=10 September 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Crows-M153CommonRemotelyOperatedWeaponStationOnHumvee.jpg|thumb|left|Soldiers of 3rd BCT/25th ID use an M153 CROWS atop an M1115A1 HMMWV at the Battle Area Complex, [[Schofield Barracks]], Hawaii, 2017]]
The soldier manning the exposed [[crew-served weapon]] on top of the vehicle is extremely vulnerable. In response, many HMMWVs have been fitted with basic gun shields or [[gun turret|turrets]], as was the case with [[M113 armored personnel carrier|M113]] APCs after they were first deployed in Vietnam. The U.S. military is currently evaluating a new form of protection, developed by BAE Systems as well as systems designed by the Army, which are already in theater.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/now-thats-a-gunshield-the-chavis-turret-03171/ |title=Now That's a Gunshield: The Chavis Turret |publisher=Defense Industry Daily |date=2007-03-27 |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070826200748/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/now-thats-a-gunshield-the-chavis-turret-03171/ |archive-date=26 August 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> The new gunner's seat is protected by {{convert|1.5|to|2|ft|cm|sigfig=2}} high steel plates with bulletproof glass windows. Additionally, some HMMWVs have been fitted with a remotely operated [[CROWS]] weapon station, which slaves the machine gun to controls in the back seat so it can be fired without exposing the crew. The [[Boomerang (countermeasure)|Boomerang]] anti-[[sniper]] system was also fielded by some HMMWVs in Iraq to immediately give troops the location of insurgents firing on them.

Another weakness for the HMMWV has proven to be its size, which limited its deployment in Afghanistan because it is too wide for the smallest roads and too large for many forms of air transport compared to jeeps or Land Rover-sized vehicles (which are, respectively, 24 and 15 inches narrower). This size also limits the ability of the vehicle to be manhandled out of situations.

===Alternatives===
The Army purchased a purpose-built armored car, the [[M1117 armored security vehicle]], also known as an armored personnel carrier (APC), in limited numbers for use by the [[United States Army Military Police Corps]]. In 2007, the Marine Corps announced an intention to replace all HMMWVs in Iraq with [[MRAP]]s because of high loss rates and issued contracts for the purchase of several thousand of these vehicles, which include the International [[MaxxPro]], the [[Land Systems OMC|BAE OMC]] [[RG-31]], the BAE [[RG-33]] and [[BAE Caiman|Caiman]], and the [[Force Protection Inc|Force Protection]] [[Cougar (MRAP)|Cougar]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2007/03/mrap-advance-purchase-2-oshkosh-pvi-gd/index.php |title=MRAP Advance Purchase #2: Oshkosh, PVI & GD |publisher=Defenseindustrydaily.com |date=2007-03-06 |access-date=2010-11-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601044231/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2007/03/mrap-advance-purchase-2-oshkosh-pvi-gd/index.php |archive-date=1 June 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2007/02/mrap-survivable-rides-start-rolling/index.php |title=MRAP: Survivable Rides, Start Rolling |publisher=Defenseindustrydaily.com |date=2007-02-26 |access-date=2010-11-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070620083420/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2007/02/mrap-survivable-rides-start-rolling/index.php#more |archive-date=20 June 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/cougar-armored-trucks-to-stalk-mines-on-the-battlefield-updated-0532/ |title=Cougar Armored Trucks to Stalk Mines on the Battlefield |publisher=Defenseindustrydaily.com |date=2010-10-03 |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709225915/https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/cougar-armored-trucks-to-stalk-mines-on-the-battlefield-updated-0532/ |archive-date=9 July 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marcorsyscom.usmc.mil/sites/story/fullstory.asp |title=Marine Corps Announces Mine Resistant Ambush Protected Vehicle Contracts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504124110/http://www.marcorsyscom.usmc.mil/sites/story/fullstory.asp |archive-date=4 May 2007}}</ref><ref name="DINGO-ALL-PROTECTED-VEHICLE-APV">{{cite web |title=Dingo – All Protected Vehicle (APV) |url=http://www.defense-update.com/products/d/dingo-kmw.htm |publisher=Defense-update.com |access-date=2008-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513164756/http://www.defense-update.com/products/d/dingo-kmw.htm |archive-date=13 May 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> which were deployed primarily for mine clearing duties. Heavier models of [[infantry mobility vehicle]]s (IMV) can also be used for patrol vehicles.<ref name="DUTCH-SPEND-EUR-25M-ON-BUSHMASTER-IMVs-FOR-AFGHAN-MISSION">{{cite news|title=Dutch Spend EUR 25M on Bushmaster IMVs for Afghan Mission (updated) |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2006/08/dutch-spend-eur-25m-on-bushmaster-imvs-for-afghan-mission-updated/index.php |publisher=Defense Industry Daily |date=2006-08-07 |access-date=2007-01-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061201171328/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/2006/08/dutch-spend-eur-25m-on-bushmaster-imvs-for-afghan-mission-updated/index.php |archive-date=1 December 2006}}</ref> The MaxxPro Line has been shown to have the highest rate of vehicle rollover accidents because of its very high [[Center of mass|center of gravity]] and immense weight.

===Replacement and future===
{{Main|Humvee replacement process|Joint Light Tactical Vehicle program}}

The Humvee replacement process undertaken by the U.S. military focused on interim replacement with [[MRAP]]s and long-term replacement with the [[Joint Light Tactical Vehicle]] (JLTV). The HMMWV has evolved several times since its introduction and was used in tactical roles for which it was never originally intended. The military pursued several initiatives to replace it, both in the short and long terms. The short-term replacement efforts utilized [[commercial off-the-shelf]] vehicles as part of the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) program. These vehicles were procured to replace Humvees in combat theaters. The long-term replacement for the Humvee is the JLTV which is designed from the ground up.  The [[Future Tactical Truck System]] (FTTS) program was initiated to analyze potential requirements for a Humvee replacement. Various prototype vehicles such as the [[MillenWorks Light Utility Vehicle]], and the [[ULTRA AP]] have been constructed as part of these efforts. The JLTV contract was awarded to Oshkosh in August 2015.<ref name="Oshkosh JLTV Win">{{cite web|publisher= Breaking Defense|url= http://breakingdefense.com/2015/08/oshkosh-beats-lockheed-am-general-for-historic-jltv-win/|title= Oshkosh Beats Lockheed, AM General For Historic JLTV Win|date= 26 August 2015|access-date= 26 August 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150826062149/http://breakingdefense.com/2015/08/oshkosh-beats-lockheed-am-general-for-historic-jltv-win/|archive-date= 26 August 2015|url-status= live}}</ref>

The U.S. Marine Corps issued a [[request for proposal]]s in 2013 for its Humvee sustainment modification initiative to upgrade 6,700 expanded capacity vehicles (ECVs). The Marines plan to field the JLTV but do not have enough funding to completely replace all Humvees, so they decided to continue sustaining their fleet. Key areas of improvement include upgrades to the suspension to reduce the amount of force transferred to the chassis, upgrading the engine and transmission for better fuel efficiency, enhancements to the cooling system to prevent overheating, a central tire inflation system to improve off-road mobility and ride quality, and increased underbody survivability. Testing of upgraded Humvees was to occur in 2014, with production and installation occurring from 2015 through 2018. Older A2 series Humvees make up half the current fleet, and 4,000 are to be disposed of through [[Foreign Military Sales|foreign military sales]] and transfers. By 2017, the Marines' light tactical vehicle fleet is to consist of 3,500 A2 series Humvees, 9,500 ECV Humvees, and 5,000 JLTVs, with 18,000 vehicles in total. Humvees in service with the Marine Corps will be upgraded through 2030.<ref>[http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2013/February/Pages/MarineHumveeUpgradeSeenasInevitable.aspx Marine Humvee Upgrade Seen as Inevitable] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903231929/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/archive/2013/February/Pages/MarineHumveeUpgradeSeenasInevitable.aspx |date=3 September 2015}} – Nationaldefensemagazine.org, February 2013</ref> The Marines shelved the Humvee modernization effort in March 2015 because of budget cuts.<ref>[http://www.dodbuzz.com/2015/03/20/marines-shelve-humvee-upgrades-due-to-budget-cuts/ Marines Shelve Humvee Upgrades Due to Budget Cuts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324225435/http://www.dodbuzz.com/2015/03/20/marines-shelve-humvee-upgrades-due-to-budget-cuts/ |date=24 March 2015}} – DoDBuzz.com, 20 March 2015</ref>

Several companies are offering modifications to maintain the remaining U.S. military Humvee fleets. Oshkosh Corporation is offering Humvee upgrades to the Marine Corps in addition to its JLTV offering, which are modular and scalable to provide varying levels of capabilities at a range of prices that can be provided individually or as complete packages. Their approach is centered around the [[Oshkosh TAK-4 Independent Suspension System|TAK-4]] independent suspension system, which delivers greater offroad profile capability, improved ride quality, an increase in maximum speed, greater whole-vehicle durability, and restored payload capacity and ground clearance.<ref>[http://www.asdnews.com/news-51262/Oshkosh_Defense_Answers_USMCs__Light_Vehicle_Needs.htm Oshkosh Defense Answers USMCs' Light Vehicle Needs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927072109/http://www.asdnews.com/news-51262/Oshkosh_Defense_Answers_USMCs__Light_Vehicle_Needs.htm |date=27 September 2013}} – ASDnews.com, 2013-09-24</ref> [[Northrop Grumman]] developed a new chassis and powertrain for the Humvee that would combine the mobility and payload capabilities of original vehicle variants while maintaining the protection levels of up-armored versions.  The cost to upgrade one Humvee with Northrop Grumman's features is $145,000.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160205135716/http://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=1633 Northrop Grumman Pitching New Humvee Chassis to Army] – Nationaldefensemagazine.org, 2014-10-07</ref><ref>Richard Sisk [http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/10/14/northrop-offers-back-to-the-future-upgrade-to-humvee-fleet.html Northrop Offers Back-to-the-Future Upgrade to Humvee Fleet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029152822/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2014/10/14/northrop-offers-back-to-the-future-upgrade-to-humvee-fleet.html |date=29 October 2014}} – Military.com, 2014-10-14</ref> [[Textron]] has offered another Humvee upgrade option called the Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle (SCTV) that restores mobility and survivability over armored Humvee levels.  Although the SCTV costs more at $200,000 per vehicle, the company claims it can restore the Humvee for operational use, combining Humvee-level mobility and transportability with MRAP-level underbody protection as a transitional solution until the JLTV is introduced in significant numbers.<ref>[http://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/ausa2014-textron-offers-armoured-hmmwv-solution/ Textron offers armoured HMMWV solution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016010056/http://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/ausa2014-textron-offers-armoured-hmmwv-solution/ |date=16 October 2014}} – Shephardmedia.com, 2014-10-15</ref><ref name="armyreco21oct14">[http://www.armyrecognition.com/ausa_2014_show_daily_news_coverage_report/textron_land_systems_presented_survivable_combat_tactical_vehicle_system_at_ausa_2014.html Textron Land Systems presented Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle System at AUSA 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101033612/http://www.armyrecognition.com/ausa_2014_show_daily_news_coverage_report/textron_land_systems_presented_survivable_combat_tactical_vehicle_system_at_ausa_2014.html |date=1 January 2016}} – Armyrecognition.com, 21 October 2014</ref>

One suggested future role for the Humvee is as an autonomous [[unmanned ground vehicle]] (UGV).  If converted to a UGV, the vehicle could serve as a mobile scout vehicle with armor features removed to enhance mobility and terrain accessibility, since there would be no occupants needing protection.  Because there will still be tens of thousands of Humvees in the U.S. inventory after the JLTV enters service, it could be a low-cost way to build an unmanned combat vehicle fleet.  Autonomy features would allow the Humvees to drive themselves and one soldier to control a "swarm" of several vehicles.<ref name="army-tech30sep14" />

Although the Army plans to buy 49,100 JLTVs and the Marine Corps 5,500, they are not a one-for-one replacement for the Humvee, and both services will still be left operating large fleets.  For the Marines, 69 JLTVs will replace the 74 Humvees in all active infantry battalions to cover its expeditionary forces. The Marine JLTV order is planned to be completed by 2022, leaving the remainder of the Corps' 13,000-strong Humvee force scattered around support organizations while soft-skinned Humvees will provide support behind the forward-deployed [[Marine Expeditionary Unit]]. The Army does not plan to replace Humvees in the [[Army National Guard]] and is considering options on how many of its 120,000 vehicles will be replaced, sustained, or modernized. Even if half of the force is replaced by JLTVs, the entire planned order will not be complete until 2040. If upgrades are chosen for the remaining Humvees, the cost would likely have to not exceed $100,000 per vehicle.<ref>[http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/land/vehicles/2015/08/29/oshkosh-awaits-protests-jltv-win/71325838/ Oshkosh Awaits Protests After JLTV Win] – Defensenews.com, 29 August 2015</ref> The Humvee is expected to remain in U.S. military service until at least 2050.<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/am-general-secures-six-year-4283-million-contract-to-provide-the-army-with-m997a3-hmmwv-configured-ambulances-300139298.html AM General Secures Six-Year, $428.3 Million Contract To Provide The Army With M997A3 HMMWV Configured Ambulances] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205135716/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/am-general-secures-six-year-4283-million-contract-to-provide-the-army-with-m997a3-hmmwv-configured-ambulances-300139298.html |date=5 February 2016}} – PRNewswiew.com, 8 September 2015</ref> Ambulance variants of the Humvee will especially remain in active use, as the JLTV could not be modified to serve as one due to weight issues.<ref>[http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/06/14/pentagon-selects-1st-army-marine-units-receive-jltv.html?ESRC=todayinmil.sm Pentagon Selects 1st Army, Marine Units to Receive JLTV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618210639/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/06/14/pentagon-selects-1st-army-marine-units-receive-jltv.html?ESRC=todayinmil.sm |date=18 June 2017}} – Military.com, 14 June 2017</ref>

==Design features==
{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2020}}
[[File:USAFHMMWV.jpg|thumb|left|A [[the United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] airman in [[Southwest Asia]] stands in the ring mount of a FRAG-6–reinforced HMMWV, 2010]]

The Humvee seats four people with an available fully enclosed aluminum cabin with a vertical windshield. It has all-wheel drive with an [[independent suspension]] and helical gear-reduction hubs similar to [[portal axle]]s which attach towards the top rather than the center of each wheel to allow the [[drivetrain]] shafts to be raised for {{convert|16|in|mm|abbr=on}} ground clearance. The body is mounted on a narrow steel frame with boxed rails and five cross members for rigidity. The rails act as sliders to protect the drivetrain which is nestled between and above the rails.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dieselpowermag.com/features/trucks/0610dp_2006_hummer_h1/photo_05.html|title=2006 Hummer H1 Duramax Diesel Engine – Diesel Power Magazine|date=20 October 2006|work=Truck Trend|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112190828/http://www.dieselpowermag.com/features/trucks/0610dp_2006_hummer_h1/photo_05.html|archive-date=12 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Raising the drivetrain into the cabin area and lowering the seats into the frame creates a chest-high transmission hump which separates passengers on each side and lowers the overall center of gravity compared to most trucks where the body and passengers are above the frame.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z7754/Hummer-H1.aspx|title=2004 Hummer H1 - Conceptcarz|work=conceptcarz.com|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530110333/http://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z7754/Hummer-H1.aspx|archive-date=30 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Humvee uses [[V8 engine|V8]] powertrains from [[General Motors]]. Early iterations were issued with the 6.2-liter ''[[Detroit Diesel V8 engine#6.2L|Detroit Diesel]]'' V8.<ref name="history"/> Later iterations were fitted with the larger and improved 6.5-liter ''[[Detroit Diesel V8 engine#6.5L|Detroit Diesel]]'' V8. Power output for the naturally-aspirated version of this engine is {{cvt|160–170|HP|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{cvt|290|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}} of torque, while the turbocharged version produces {{cvt|190–205|HP|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{cvt|385–440|lbft|Nm|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motortrend.com/reviews/0808dp-am-general-humvee/|title=The AM General Humvee - Military Power|website=Motor Trend|date=August 1, 2008|access-date=August 1, 2008}}</ref>

The vehicle has [[double wishbone suspension]] with [[Portal axle|portal gear hubs]] on all 4 wheels and inboard [[disc brake]]s. The brake discs are not mounted at the wheels, as on conventional cars, but are inboard of the half-shafts, attached outboard of the differentials. The front and rear differentials are [[Torsen]] type, and the center differential is of the [[Locking differential|lockable]] type. Torque-biasing differentials allows forward movement as long as at least one wheel has traction. It runs on specialized 37 × 12.5 radial tires with low-profile [[Runflat tire|runflat]] devices. Newer HMMWV versions can be equipped with a [[central tire inflation system]] (CTIS) kit in the field. While it is optimized for off-road mobility, it can achieve {{convert|55|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} at maximum weight with a top speed of {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hmmwv/features.php|title=Features & Design – HMMWV (Humvee)|publisher=AM General LLC – Mobility solutions for the 21st Century|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905050431/http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hmmwv/features.php|archive-date=5 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Luiz, Gerald. [https://www.off-road.com/trucks-4x4/tech/military-hmmwv-18701.html "Military HMMWV"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623222054/https://www.off-road.com/trucks-4x4/tech/military-hmmwv-18701.html |date=23 June 2018}}. Off-road.com, 1 April 2002.</ref>

[[File: US Navy 111114-N-KA046-134 A Humvee launches from a landing craft utility (LCU) assigned to the amphibious dock landing ship USS Whidbey Island (LS.jpg|thumb|Humvee fording]]
HMMWVs are well suited for airmobile operations as they are transportable by [[C-130]] or larger combat transports, droppable by parachute, and can be sling-loaded from helicopters, though there are smaller vehicles such as the [[Growler (jeep)|Growler]] which were designed to fit into smaller craft such as the [[V-22]]. In combat conditions, the HMMWV can be delivered by the [[Low Altitude Parachute Extraction System]] which pulls the vehicle out of the open rear ramp just above the ground without the aircraft having to land.

There are at least 17 variants of the HMMWV in service with the U.S. military. HMMWVs serve as cargo/troop carriers, automatic weapons platforms, [[ambulance]]s (four litter patients or eight ambulatory patients), M220 [[BGM-71 TOW|TOW missile]] carriers, [[M119 howitzer]] prime movers, [[AN/TWQ-1 Avenger|M1097 Avenger]] Pedestal Mounted Stinger platforms, MRQ-12 direct [[air support]] vehicles, S250 shelter carriers, and other roles. The HMMWV is capable of [[Wiktionary:ford|fording]] 2.5&nbsp;ft (76&nbsp;cm) normally, or 5&nbsp;ft (1.5&nbsp;m) with the deep-water fording kits installed.

[[File:Hmmwv-036.jpg|thumb|left|A U.S. Army HMMWV firing a [[BGM-71 TOW]] missile]]
Optional equipment includes a winch (maximum load capacity {{convert|6000|lbs|kg|abbr=on}} and supplemental armor. The M1025/M1026 and M1043/M1044 armament carriers provide mounting and firing capabilities for the [[M134 Minigun]], the [[Mk 19 grenade launcher]], the [[M2 Browning|M2 heavy machine gun]], the [[GAU-19|GAU-19A/B]] gatling gun, the [[M240 machine gun|M240G/B]] machine gun and [[M249 light machine gun|M249 SAW]].

The M1114 "up-armored" HMMWV, introduced in 1996, also features a similar weapons mount.<ref name="M1114">{{cite web |url=http://tech.military.com/equipment/view/141997/m1114-enhanced-capability-hmmwv.html |title=M1114 Enhanced Capability HMMWV |publisher=Tech.military.com |access-date=2012-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703214630/http://tech.military.com/equipment/view/141997/m1114-enhanced-capability-hmmwv.html |archive-date=3 July 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition, some M1114 and M1116 up-armored and M1117 armored security vehicle models feature a [[Common Remotely Operated Weapon Station]] (CROWS), which allows the gunner to operate from inside the vehicle, and/or the [[Boomerang (mobile shooter detection system)|Boomerang]] anti-[[sniper]] detection system. Recent improvements have also led to the development of the M1151 model, which quickly rendered the previous models obsolete. By replacing the M1114, M1116, and earlier armored HMMWV types with a single model, the U.S. Army hopes to lower maintenance costs.

The latest iteration of the Humvee series can be seen in the M1151A1 and later up-armored A1-versions. It has a stronger suspension and larger 6.5 liter turbo-diesel engine to accommodate the weight of up to {{convert|680|kg|lb|abbr=on}} of additional armor.  The armor protection can be installed or taken off depending on the operating environment, so the vehicles can move more efficiently without armor when there is no threat of attack.  There is some underbody armor that moderately protects against mines and roadside bombs.  Other improvements include Vehicle Emergency Escape (VEE) windows that can be quickly removed so troops inside can escape in the event of a rollover, jammed door, or the vehicle catching fire, and a blast chimney that vents the force of a bomb blast upwards and away from the occupants.  The M1151A1 has a crew of four, can carry {{convert|2,000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} of payload, and can tow a {{convert|4,000|lb|kg|abbr=on}} load.  On roads, it has a top speed of {{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} and a range of {{convert|480|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://strategypage.com/htmw/htarm/articles/20140530.aspx The HMMWV Built For Hard Time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020182152/http://strategypage.com/htmw/htarm/articles/20140530.aspx |date=20 October 2014}} – Strategypage.com, 30 May 2014</ref>

==Variants==
{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2020}}
[[File:AM General M998 FMO 12.06.22 JM (1).jpg|thumb|M998 registered as a historical vehicle in [[Warendorf]]]]
[[File:Img star-t.jpg|thumb|HMMWV with a Phoenix satellite communications dish]]

===Major HMMWV A0/A1/A2 versions===
''With the introduction of the A1 series the number of models was reduced, with further designation revisions when the A2 series was introduced''.<ref name="Jane's Logistics, Support & Unmanned 2015-2016 AM General High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)"/>
[[File:USMCAmbulance.jpg|thumb|right|A U.S. military M997 ambulance, emblazoned with the [[Emblems of the Red Cross|Red Cross]]]]
*[[M56A1 Coyote|M56/M56A1 Coyote]] smoke generator carrier (mounted on an HMMWV; not a type classified HMMWV)
*M707 Knight (replaced, originally mounted on an M1025A2 HMMWV; not a type classified HMMWV)
*M966/M966A1 TOW missile carrier, basic armor, without a winch
*M996 mini-ambulance, two-litter, hardtop (type classified but not produced)
*M997/M977A1/M977A2 maxi-ambulance, four-litter, basic armor
*M998/M998A1 cargo/troop carrier without a winch
*M998 HMMWV Avenger (mounted on an HMMWV; not a type classified HMMWV)
*M1025/M1025A1 armament carrier, basic armor, without a winch
*M1025A2 armament/TOW missile carrier, basic armor
*M1026/M1026A1 armament carrier, basic armor, with winch
*M1035/M1035A1/M1035A2 soft-top ambulance, two-litter
*M1036 TOW missile carrier, basic armor, with winch
*M1037 shelter carrier, without a winch
*M1037 shelter carrier MSE
*M1038/M1038A1 cargo/troop carrier with winch
*M1042 shelter carrier, with winch
*M1043/M1043A1 armament carrier, supplemental armor, without a winch
*M1043A2 armament carrier, supplemental armor
*M1044/M1044A1 armament carrier, supplemental armor, with winch
*M1045/M1045A1 TOW missile carrier, supplemental armor, without a winch
*M1045A2 TOW missile carrier, supplemental armor
*M1046/M1046A1 TOW missile carrier, supplemental armor, with winch
*M1069 tractor for M119 105 mm gun
[[File: US Navy 110716-N-VY959-122 U.S. Navy SEALs ride in a Navy Special Warfare humvee to provide security for a simulated prisoner.jpg|thumb|U.S. Navy SEALs and GMV-N]]
*M1097/M1097A1 heavy hummer variant (HHV)
*M1097A2 base platform
*M1097A2 cargo/troop carrier/prime mover (replacing the M998A1)
*M1097A2 shelter carrier
*[[AN/TWQ-1 Avenger|M1097 heavy HMMWV Avenger]] (mounted on an HMMWV; not a type classified HMMWV)
* Packhorse – attachment to convert an M1097 to tractor version for semi-trailers
*XM1109 up-armored heavy Hummer variant (UA-HHV) (replaced by M1114)
*M1123 troop/cargo (U.S. Marines specific M1097A2)
[[File: US Navy 100717-N-0683T-389 U.S. Navy SEALs lay down covering fire as part of an extraction exercise during a capabilities demonstration at Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek, Va.jpg|thumb|Advanced up-armored HMMWV including armored gun turret]]
*[[Active Denial System]] (mounted on an HMMWV)
*[[Ground Mobility Vehicle – (US)SOCOM program|Ground mobility vehicle]] (GMV) — [[United States Special Operations Command|USSOCOM Special Ops]] variants — initially based on the M1025; later GMV models based on the M1113 chassis. Another model, based on the M1165 HMMWV can be fitted with armor kits to create an 'up-armored' GMV with additional armor plating and an optional ballistic shield around the top gunner's turret.
:Variants are GMV-S (Army Special Forces), GMV-R (75th Ranger Regiment), GMV-N (Navy SEALs), GMV-T/GMV-SD/GMV-ST - [[Air Force Special Operations Command|AFSOC]] variants, and the GMV-M ([[United States Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command|Marine Corps MARSOC]]) variant.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
*[[IMETS]] (mounted on an HMMWV; not a type classified HMMWV)
*[[ZEUS-HLONS (HMMWV Laser Ordnance Neutralization System)|ZEUS-HLONS]] (mounted on an HMMWV; not a type classified HMMWV)
*Scorpion – single unit version, fitted with [[2B9 Vasilek]] 82&nbsp;mm automatic [[mortar (weapon)|mortar]]. This is a heavy chassis HMMWV developed in 2004 by engineers at the U.S. Army's [[Picatinny Arsenal]]. The mortar itself can fire on single shots or automatic using four-round clips. The range for direct fire is 1000&nbsp;m and the indirect fire is 4000&nbsp;m. It is also intended to provide another means of destroying roadside bombs but at a safer standoff range. Only one has been produced.<ref name=Scorpion>{{cite web|title=Picatinny successfully designs mortar system for HMMWV|url=http://www.pica.army.mil/picatinnypublic/news/archive/08-09-04.asp|work=Press Room|publisher=Picatinny Arsenal|access-date=24 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424224808/http://www.pica.army.mil/picatinnypublic/news/archive/08-09-04.asp|archive-date=24 April 2014}}</ref>

===M1113 expanded capacity vehicle (ECV)===
Under contract to the US Army, AM General developed the M1113 expanded capacity vehicle (ECV). The M1097A2 is the basis for the expanded capacity vehicle (ECV).<ref name="AM General A2 Series">{{cite web |url=http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hmmwv/a2-series |title=AM General A2 series |publisher=AM General |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012003825/http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hmmwv/a2-series |archive-date=2008-10-12 |access-date=2015-10-23}}</ref> The ECV provided the payload capacity allowing for larger and heavier communications shelters, improved armor protection level for scouts, military police, security police, and explosive ordnance disposal platforms.<ref name="Jane's Logistics, Support & Unmanned 2015-2016 AM General High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)">{{cite web |url=https://janes.ihs.com/CustomPages/Janes/DisplayPage.aspx?DocType=Reference&ItemId=+++1495075&Pubabbrev=JLSU|title=AM General High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)|publisher=IHS Jane's<!-- Shaun C Connors, [[Christopher F. Foss]] & Damian Kemp NOTE: Authors should be listed in aurthor type template fields instead. -->|date=2015-03-16 |access-date=2015-10-23}}</ref>

[[File: M1114 cruising by mrkoww.jpg|thumb|An M1114 with a [[Kevlar]]-wrapped turret returns from a combat logistics patrol (CLP) mission to CAMP Adder]]
In late 1995, the production of the M1114 based on the improved ECV chassis began. The M1114 meets Army requirements for a scout, military police, and explosive ordnance disposal vehicle with improved ballistic protection levels. The M1114 provides protection against 7.62&nbsp;mm armor-piercing projectiles, 155&nbsp;mm artillery air bursts and {{convert|12|lb|abbr=on}} anti-tank mine blasts.

In June 1996, the U.S. Army purchased an initial 390 M1114s for operations in Bosnia. The U.S. Air Force has several M1114 vehicles that differ in detail from the U.S. Army model. Under the designation M1116, the type was specifically designed and tailored to the needs of the U.S. Air Force.<ref name="Jane's Logistics, Support & Unmanned 2015-2016 AM General High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)"/> The M1116 features an expanded cargo area, armored housing for the turret gunner, and increased interior heating and air conditioning system. The M1114 and M1116 received armor at [[O'Gara-Hess & Eisenhardt]] Armoring Company of [[Fairfield, Ohio]].  The M1145 offers the protection of the M1114 and M1116 for Air Force [[List of United States Air Force support squadrons|Air Support Operations Squadrons]] (ASOS).  Designed to protect Forward Air Controllers, modifications include perimeter ballistic protection, overhead burst protection, IED protection, mine blast protection, and 'white glass' transparent armor.<ref>[http://www.hmmwvinscale.com/hmmwvvariants.htm HMMWV in Scale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207014003/http://www.hmmwvinscale.com/hmmwvvariants.htm |date=7 February 2013}} – Hmmwvinscale.com</ref> Before the introduction of the latest armored HMMWV variants, and between 1993 and June 2006, Armor Holdings produced more than 17,500 armored HMMWVs (more than 14,000 between 2003 and 2007), all but about 160 of the earliest models were M1114, with smaller numbers of M1116 and M1045.<ref name="Jane's Logistics, Support & Unmanned 2015-2016 AM General High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)"/> The extended capacity HMMWVs, such as the M1165 can drive over an {{convert|18|in|mm|abbr=on}} vertical wall and carry a {{convert|6820|lb|kg|abbr=on}} payload.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.amgeneral.com/files/specs-sheet-m1165-int.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825032502/http://www.amgeneral.com/files/specs-sheet-m1165-int.pdf |url-status=dead |title=M1165 spec sheet |archive-date=25 August 2014}}</ref>

[[File:M1165a1 (22057048871).jpg|thumb|M1165A1, Aviation Nation 2014 US Air Show – Nellis AFB, Las Vegas]]
*M1113 shelter carrier – base for special operations vehicles and communications shelter carriers<ref name="AM General ECV">{{cite web|url=http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hmmwv/expanded-capacity|title=AM General ECV|publisher=AM General|access-date=2015-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011141326/http://www.amgeneral.com/vehicles/hmmwv/expanded-capacity|archive-date=11 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*M1114 up-armored armament carrier
*M1115 TOW carrier (no evidence of fielding)
*M1116 U.S. Air Force up-armored armament carrier
*M1121 TOW carrier
*M1145 U.S. Air Force [[Forward air control|FAC]]
*[[M1151|M1151 enhanced armament carrier]] (up-armored capable)
*M1152 enhanced troop/cargo/shelter carrier (up-armored capable)
*M1165 up-armored HMMWV
*M1167 up-armored TOW carrier<ref>{{cite web|url=https://warwheels.net/HummerM1167ITAS-TOWmissileCarrierindex.html|title=M1167 HMMWV Expanded Capacity TOW Missile ITAS Carrier}}</ref>
[[File: Hybrid Humvee.jpg|thumb|An M1113 Humvee chassis-mounted XM1124 hybrid-electric diesel-series hybrid-powered HMMWV, September 2009]]
*Composite HMMWV – a prototype developed by [[TPI Composites]] of [[Rhode Island]] and AM General.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2007/07/20/2800594.htm |title=TPI Composites and Armor Holdings Unveil Army's First All-Composite Military Vehicle |website=TMCnet.com |date=2007-07-20 |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015132956/http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2007/07/20/2800594.htm |archive-date=15 October 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> The purpose of the concept vehicle is to reduce the vehicle's weight so that it may more easily carry an up armor kit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tpicomposites.com/?id=21&uudis=6 |title=TPI Composites engineers, fabricates and builds large scale composite structures and composite components for the wind energy, military, and transportation markets |publisher=Tpicomposites.com |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928203328/http://www.tpicomposites.com/?id=21&uudis=6 |archive-date=28 September 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> TPI's all-composite HMMWV saves approximately {{convert|900|lb}} when compared to a current steel and aluminum HMMWV.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/index.jsp?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20070720005465&newsLang=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930034944/http://home.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/index.jsp?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20070720005465&newsLang=en |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-09-30 |title=TPI Composites and Armor Holdings Unveil Army's First All-Composite Military Vehicle |publisher=Home.businesswire.com |date=2007-07-20 |access-date=2010-11-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defense-update.com/newscast/0707/news_200707.htm#hmmwv |title=Defense Update Newscast – 200707 |publisher=Defense-update.com |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428202311/http://www.defense-update.com/newscast/0707/news_200707.htm#hmmwv |archive-date=28 April 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*A prototype XM1124 hybrid-electric Humvee on an M1113 Humvee chassis powered by a diesel-series hybrid featuring an all-electric drive train has been developed by [[RDECOM/TARDEC]]. The vehicle has a {{convert|6|mi|km|abbr=on}} full-electric range for silent operations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dodenergy.blogspot.com/2008/09/hybrid-humvee.html |title=The DOD Energy Blog: Army Working on Hybrid Humvees |publisher=Dodenergy.blogspot.com |date=2008-09-08 |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708033317/http://dodenergy.blogspot.com/2008/09/hybrid-humvee.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> It may have less emissions and save fuel in the battlefield, and it can increase the survival rate in emergencies such as if one of the engines is destroyed or fails.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aerodefensetech.com/component/content/article/adt/tech-briefs/physical-sciences/15686|title=Quantitative Analysis of a Hybrid Electric Humvee for Fuel Economy Improvement|date=February 2013|access-date=23 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224211041/https://www.aerodefensetech.com/component/content/article/adt/tech-briefs/physical-sciences/15686|url-status=live}}</ref>
*NXT 360 Humvee – This variant is available as an independent vehicle or upgrades for the M1100 Humvee series since June 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/ten-hut-humvee-212800299.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAACdH4mY2ZZzxboybE8SC7sG2VcejDOsXZ5u6YmLmZKialYNsPWRkOJPyc6ADWFVJd9SxupCiruBdQOnqFQ6Uxvp9hASQ3UooTQcZOtebOLYaJWUuersnug_o2an3ws7Ez_a8iuQfA0R3UOTamwzn278kXL2s2PhwXOJ_JOq2Dwga|title=Ten-hut! There's a New Humvee!|date=11 June 2018|access-date=23 February 2022|archive-date=24 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224205539/https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/ten-hut-humvee-212800299.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAACdH4mY2ZZzxboybE8SC7sG2VcejDOsXZ5u6YmLmZKialYNsPWRkOJPyc6ADWFVJd9SxupCiruBdQOnqFQ6Uxvp9hASQ3UooTQcZOtebOLYaJWUuersnug_o2an3ws7Ez_a8iuQfA0R3UOTamwzn278kXL2s2PhwXOJ_JOq2Dwga|url-status=live}}</ref>

===International versions===
[[File: Eastwind EQ2050 - 4.jpg|thumb|A [[Dongfeng Mengshi]] ({{lit|Eastwind Warrior}}) EQ2050 (licensed-built of the HMMWV) at China's [[China People's Revolution Military Museum|People's Revolution Military Museum]] in August 2007, during the 'Our Troops towards the Sky' exhibition]]
[[File:Greek-hummer.jpg|thumb|Greek Army M1114GR HMMWV with the ability to mount a [[9M133 Kornet]] on top, April 2007]]
[[File:Pozegnanie V zmiany PKW Irak 06.jpg|thumb|Polish Army M1043A2 HMMWV, July 2005]]

* [[Bulgaria]] – Bulgarian HMMWVs have been fitted with [[PK machine gun|PKS]] general-purpose machine guns. Bulgaria usually replaces Western machine guns on its vehicles to simplify maintenance, since the country is an active producer of Russian or Soviet-origin weapons.
* [[China]] - [[Dongfeng EQ2050|EQ2050/SQF2040]] – See also [[Humvee clone manufacturing in China]]. Early generations of the vehicle are license-built [[Hummer H1]], while later generations of the vehicles are of indigenous design. The licensed-built version rely on imported U.S.-made parts, including the chassis, gearbox, and diesel engine, while it gradually increase the percentage of indigenous-made content on the vehicles recently since China's [[People's Liberation Army]] is unlikely to accept any equipment that relies largely on foreign-made parts.
* [[Egypt]] – [[Arab Organization for Industrialization|AOI]] equips HMMWVs with anti-armor weaponry, including TOW, Milan, or HOT missiles.
* [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] – Georgian HMMWVs have been fitted with PK general-purpose machine guns.
* [[Greece]] – Greek HMMWVs, built entirely by [[ELVO]] in Greece, are equipped to fire the Russian [[9M133 Kornet]] [[ATGM]]. They have a storage room for 10 missiles. Another version, the M1115GR, is equipped with the [[Heckler & Koch GMG|HK GMG 40]]. Israel's [[Plasan]] has developed armored versions of the HMMWV, assembled by ELVO in Greece as the M1114GR, M1115GR and M1118GR.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://www.ipms-hellas.gr/02_Articles_04_Photos_250505Parade_UK.htm |title=25th March Independence Day parade|date=November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017063842/http://ipms-hellas.gr/02_Articles_04_Photos_250505Parade_UK.htm |archive-date=17 October 2007 |access-date=18 January 2015}}</ref> ELVO also produced the Ambulance version, a SOF version, and an engineering version of the HMMWV for the Hellenic Army.
* [[Israel]] – Plasan has also designed and supplied an HMMWV armored protection kit for the Portuguese Army,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asd-network.com/press_detail_B.asp?ID=7534 |title=ASDNews – Aerospace & Defence News – Plasan Sasa Completes Delivery of Unique HMMWV Armor Suites to Portuguese Army |publisher=Asd-network.com |date=11 April 2006 |access-date=2011-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822210059/http://www.asd-network.com/press_detail_B.asp?ID=7534 |archive-date=22 August 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and a different version assembled by [[Automotive Industries]] in [[Nazareth Illit|Nazareth]] for the [[Israel Defense Forces]].
* [[Mexico]] – The Dirección General de Industria Militar (DGIM), the Mexican Army's prime wholly owned military manufacturer, builds the HMMWV under license in Mexico<ref name="youtube.com">{{cite web |author=Hechostv |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6JP1w0tEOM |title=Crean rifle automático para festejar el Bicentenario |publisher=YouTube |access-date=2012-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527053553/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6JP1w0tEOM |archive-date=27 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> after a small number of US-built Humvees proved to be reliable within the Mexican Army. Mexican HMMWVs are similar to the US-built models but are slightly longer. They feature a standard selective shift automatic transmission connected to a Mercedes Benz diesel engine and an anti-spalling layer in the passenger cabin. Many are equipped with bulletproof windows and a layer of armor unique to these Mexican HMMWVs. In 2010, Mexico displayed a wagon variant with a second gun hatch to cover the rear of the vehicle.<ref name="youtube.com" /> This version also featured a more powerful [[V12 engine]] and civilian road wheels to increase top speed capabilities in urban areas.
[[File:Humvee, Kyiv 2018, 17.jpg|thumb|Ukrainian Army M1167A1 HMMWV, rehearsal for the Independence Day military parade in Kyiv, 2018]]
* [[Poland]] – [[Polish Land Forces]] operate 222 HMMWVs (5 unknown variants are operated by [[Polish Special Forces]]). Over 200 are used by the 18th Airborne Battalion which is a part of the 6th Airborne Brigade. The used variants are designated as follows: Tumak-2 – M1043A2, Tumak-3 – M1025A2, Tumak-4 – M1097A2, Tumak-5 – M1045A2, Tumak-6 – M1097A2 (variant used for transport of special containers), Tumak-7 – M1035A2. All vehicles are modified to meet Polish road regulations and are equipped with Polish communication devices. 140 HMMWVs are equipped with a Fonet digital internal communication device. 120 Tumak-2s and Tumak-3s have a rotatable mount which can be fitted with either the UKM-2000P 7.62&nbsp;mm general-purpose machine gun or the [[NSV machine gun|NSW-B 12.7&nbsp;mm heavy machine gun]]. Tumak-5s are used by anti-tank subunits and are armed with a dismountable [[Spike (missile)|Spike missile]].<ref name="Militarium.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.militarium.net/viewart.php?aid=99 |title=Samochód terenowy HMMWV |publisher=Militarium |date=2008-01-21 |access-date=2010-11-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612162404/http://www.militarium.net/viewart.php?aid=99 |archive-date=12 June 2010}}</ref> Additionally Polish forces of [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]] operated 120 HMMWVs on loan from the U.S. forces.
* [[Switzerland]] – Early [[MOWAG Eagle]] light armored vehicles utilized the HMMWV chassis, although the latest uses a [[Duro III]] chassis. The Eagle is an NBC-tight, air-conditioned, and armor-protected vehicle. It is in service and available in several configurations with varying levels of armor protection. The Eagle can be fitted with a wide assortment of armaments.
* [[Turkey]] – [[Otokar Cobra]] – is a wheeled armoured vehicle developed by Turkish firm Otokar which uses some mechanical components, sub-systems and some parts of the HMMWV.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/cobra/|title=Cobra Light Armoured Vehicle|work=Army Technology|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406132949/http://www.army-technology.com/projects/cobra|archive-date=6 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Otokar Cobra is a true all-terrain fighting machine |date=November 14, 2012 |url=https://www.foxnews.com/auto/otokar-cobra-is-a-true-all-terrain-fighting-machine |website=[[Fox News]] |access-date=2015-09-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924115837/http://www.foxnews.com/leisure/2012/11/14/otokar-cobra-is-true-all-terrain-fighting-machine/ |archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref>

===Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle===
[[File:USMC-09503.jpg|thumb|Marine Corps inspected SCTV Humvee, 2010]]

Textron's Survivable Combat Tactical Vehicle (SCTV) is a protective capsule that can increase Humvee survivability to MRAP levels while significantly improving mobility. The modifications come in five kits, but all five need to be installed before the vehicle can be properly called an SCTV.  The vehicle features a [[monocoque]] [[V-hull|V-shaped hull]] and angled sides to help deflect [[rocket-propelled grenade]]s (RPGs) with scalable levels of protection.  It has greater engine power, replacing the 6.5-liter diesel engine with a [[Cummins (corporation)|Cummins]] 6.7-liter diesel and [[Allison Transmission|Allison]] 6-speed transmission, as well as a stronger suspension, improved brakes, higher ground clearance, and new onboard instrumentation.  Fuel capacity is increased from {{convert|27|to|40|usgal|abbr=on}} and the battery and fuel cells are moved from under the rear seat to the rear of the vehicle.  Also included are a powerful air conditioner and heating system, [[run-flat tire]]s, a thermal guard liner under the roof, sharp edges removed from inside the cabin, blast attenuating seats, and a folding gunner's turret allowing rapid deployment from a cargo aircraft or shipboard below deck.  Although heavier than the Humvee, the SCTV is half the weight and costs $150,000 less than a comparably survivable MRAP.  The basic version is a four-passenger armament carrier, but it can be configured as a nine-passenger troop carrier, air-defense vehicle, flatbed cargo truck, or field ambulance depending on the type of Humvee it is converted from.<ref name="armyreco21oct14"/><ref name="defensenews13oct15">[http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/show-daily/ausa/2015/10/13/textron-pitches-upgrade-extend-life-surplus-humvees/73889414/ Textron Pitches Upgrade To Extend Life of Surplus Humvees] – Defensenews.com, 13 October 2015</ref><ref name="defenseone13oct15">[http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2015/10/ukraines-humvees-are-about-get-more-armor/122772/?oref=d-skybox In a Groundbreaking Deal, Ukraine May Buy US Armor for Its Humvees] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234334/http://www.defenseone.com/technology/2015/10/ukraines-humvees-are-about-get-more-armor/122772/?oref=d-skybox |date=15 October 2015}} – Defenseone.com, 13 October 2015</ref>

Work began on the SCTV in 2008 in anticipation of U.S. military upgrades, but it was shelved once they made the JLTV a priority.  Textron then focused on selling the SCTV upgrade package to up to 25 countries operating the global fleet, a potential market of up to 10,000 vehicles.  The upgrade can enhance the survivability of previously soft-skinned versions, sometimes sold by the U.S. as Excess Defense Articles, while costing and weighing less than a comparable MRAP.  By 2015, Colombia had installed the SCTV into three Humvees for testing, and Ukraine had shown interest in upgrading their old-model Humvees recently supplied by the U.S.<ref name="defensenews13oct15"/><ref name="defenseone13oct15"/><ref>[http://www.dodbuzz.com/2015/10/14/textron-shops-humvee-capsules-to-overseas-customers/ Textron Shops Protective Humvee ‘Capsules’ Abroad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016023052/http://www.dodbuzz.com/2015/10/14/textron-shops-humvee-capsules-to-overseas-customers/ |date=16 October 2015}} – DoDBuzz.com, 14 October 2015</ref> Ukraine ordered three SCTVs in February 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investor.textron.com/news/news-releases/press-release-details/2016/Textron-Systems-to-Provide-Ukraine-with-Survivable-Combat-Tactical---Vehicles-SCTV/default.aspx |title=TEXTRON SYSTEMS TO PROVIDE UKRAINE WITH SURVIVABLE COMBAT TACTICAL VEHICLES (SCTV™) |date=2016-02-01 |website=investor.textron.com}}</ref>

==Operators==
[[File: HMMWV Operator Map without unauthorized copies.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|HMMWV operators]]
[[File: US Navy 091004-M-9443M-134 Members of the U.S. Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of the Philippines deliver family food packs.jpg|thumb|U.S. Marine Corps HMMWVs in the Philippines deliver food packs after [[Typhoon Ketsana]], 2009]]
[[File:AGM-114HellfireHMMWV.jpg|thumb|A HMMWV firing an [[AGM-114 Hellfire]] missile]]
[[File:M1114CLB5HMMWVPUSHOIF.JPG|thumb|U.S. Marines pushing an M1114 HMMWV during a 'Humvee Push' competition, in 2016]]
[[File:Humvee maintenance.jpg|thumb|right|Humvee maintenance with engine exposed by [[Czech Army]] in [[Afghanistan]]]]
[[File:Hummer TOW español.JPG|thumb|A [[Spanish Navy]] [[Spanish Marine Infantry|Marines]] M-966 equipped with [[BGM-71 TOW]] [[anti-tank missile]]]]
[[File:Mars Institute Humvee.JPG|thumb|The [[Mars Institute]]'s Moon-1 HMMWV Rover waits for C-130 airlift at [[Cambridge Bay, Nunavut|Cambridge Bay]], Canada in 2009]]
[[File: Bahrain army in a village.JPG|thumb|upright|Bahraini Army in the 2010s]]
[[File:Soundweapon1.jpg|thumb|An [[New York City Police Department|NYPD]] HMMWV equipped with [[Long-range acoustic device|LRAD]]]]
[[File:U S , Albanian troops train at Biza (6652598).jpg|thumb|Albanian HMMWV M114 During a training with US troops in Biza]]
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->
* {{ALB}} – 248 donated by US with deliveries beginning in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Albania gets US military Humvees to bolster its army|url=https://www.defensenews.com/smr/european-balance-of-power/2017/09/05/albania-gets-us-military-humvees-to-bolster-its-army/ |website=Defense News|access-date=8 September 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170908082047/https://www.defensenews.com/smr/european-balance-of-power/2017/09/05/albania-gets-us-military-humvees-to-bolster-its-army/ |archive-date=8 September 2017|location=[[Tirana]]|date=6 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Fiorenza|first1=Nicholas|title=US gifts Humvees to Albania|url=http://www.janes.com/article/73708|website=IHS Jane's 360 |access-date=13 September 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170913134351/http://www.janes.com/article/73708/us-gifts-humvees-to-albania|archive-date=13 September 2017|date=12 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Afghanistan}}: An unknown number, estimated in the hundreds, were captured by the [[Taliban]] in their [[2021 Taliban offensive|2021 offensive]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Oryx|title=Disaster At Hand: Documenting Afghan Military Equipment Losses Since June 2021|url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/06/disaster-at-hand-documenting-afghan.html|access-date=2021-08-12|website=Oryx Blog|archive-date=13 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813045408/https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/06/disaster-at-hand-documenting-afghan.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and have been in use by the new government's [[Islamic Emirate Army]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-28 |title=The Taliban posted photos of hundreds of US military vehicles it said were abandoned in the chaotic pullout of Afghanistan and now form part of its army |url=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/taliban-posted-photos-hundreds-us-142659289.html |access-date=2024-03-22 |website=Yahoo Sports |language=en-CA |archive-date=22 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322160848/https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/news/taliban-posted-photos-hundreds-us-142659289.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{ALG}} – HMMWV purchased.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zaloga |first=Steven J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8am6CwAAQBAJ&dq=Humvee+Algeria&pg=PA39 |title=HMMWV Humvee 1980–2005: US Army tactical vehicle |date=2011-07-20 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-84908-956-2 |language=en |access-date=16 March 2024 |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316104328/https://books.google.com/books?id=8am6CwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA39&dq=Humvee+Algeria&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Aghrout |first1=Ahmed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iw-N0jtZ_ZcC&dq=Humvee+Algeria&pg=PA176 |title=Algeria in Transition: Reforms and Development Prospects |last2=Bougherira |first2=Mohamed Redha |date=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-34848-5 |language=en |access-date=16 March 2024 |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316104329/https://books.google.com/books?id=Iw-N0jtZ_ZcC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA176&dq=Humvee+Algeria&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{ARG}} - 400+ in the Argentine Armed Forces.<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{AZE}} – 100+ HMMWV use by Azerbaijani army and peacekeeping force.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.az/articles/politics/39235 |title=Military parade held in Azerbaijan |website=news.az |access-date=2018-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201075250/https://news.az/articles/politics/39235 |archive-date=1 February 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{BHR}} – Vehicles sold under the U.S. [[Foreign Military Sales]] program.<ref name="armyweapons2011">{{cite report |date=2011 |title=2011 Army Weapon Systems Handbook |url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2011/136.pdf |publisher=[[United States Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology|Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics and Technology]] |page=137 |access-date=27 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905092140/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/wsh2011/136.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{BOL}}<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{BIH}} – 25 in 2010 and 44 donated by the U.S. in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/bosnia_herzegovina_army_land_ground_forces_uk/bosnia_herzegovina_army_land_ground_armed_defense_forces_military_equipment_armored_vehicle_uk.html |title=Bosnia Herzegovina army land ground armed defense forces military equipment armored vehicle UK &#124; Bosnia Herzegovina army land ground forces UK &#124; East Europe UK |date=June 2010 |access-date=19 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925033910/http://www.armyrecognition.com/bosnia_herzegovina_army_land_ground_forces_uk/bosnia_herzegovina_army_land_ground_armed_defense_forces_military_equipment_armored_vehicle_uk.html |archive-date=25 September 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.amgeneral.com/news-events/news/us-donates-44-hmmwvs-to-bosnia-and-herzegovina |title=US donates 44 HMMWV's to Bosnia and Herzegovina |publisher=AM General |date=27 March 2017 |access-date=28 March 2017 |archive-date=1 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401144734/http://www.amgeneral.com/news-events/news/us-donates-44-hmmwvs-to-bosnia-and-herzegovina/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{BUL}} – 52 vehicles, 50 are the up-armored M1114 variant, and two are ambulances.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/show/?storyid=99782 |title=Купуваме 50 Хамъра за Сухопътни войски ķ(in Bulgarian) |publisher=Dnevnik.bg |date=14 November 2005 |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208190551/http://www.dnevnik.bg/show/?storyid=99782 |archive-date=8 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{CAN}} – Small numbers (M1113 and M1117) in use by [[Joint Task Force 2]] (JTF-2) and [[Canadian Special Operations Regiment|Special Operations Regiment]] (CSOR).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pugliese |first1=David |title=Special Ops: Wishlist of new gear |url=http://espritdecorps.ca/edecfeatures/2014/11/26/special-ops-wishlist-of-new-gear |access-date=12 August 2016 |work=Esprit de Corps |date=26 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920132555/http://espritdecorps.ca/edecfeatures/2014/11/26/special-ops-wishlist-of-new-gear|archive-date=20 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Used in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Day |first1=Adam|title=Point Blank War: Canada's Special Operations Forces in Close Combat With The Enemy|url=https://legionmagazine.com/en/2014/05/point-blank-war-canadas-special-operations-forces-in-close-combat-with-the-enemy/ |access-date=12 August 2016|work=Legion Magazine|date=1 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821095932/https://legionmagazine.com/en/2014/05/point-blank-war-canadas-special-operations-forces-in-close-combat-with-the-enemy/ |archive-date=21 August 2016|url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{TCD}} – Vehicles sold under the U.S. Foreign Military Sales program.<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{CHI}}<ref  name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{COL}}: 800 vehicles<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{CRO}} - 112 vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.morh.hr/hr/vijesti-najave-i-priopcenja/priopcenje/izvrsena-primopredaja-13-oklopnih-vozila-tipa-hmmwv.html |title=Izvršena primopredaja 13 oklopnih vozila tipa HMMWV |website=MORH |date=June 14, 2011 |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617073300/http://www.morh.hr/hr/vijesti-najave-i-priopcenja/priopcenje/izvrsena-primopredaja-13-oklopnih-vozila-tipa-hmmwv.html |archive-date=17 June 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defender.hr/republika-hrvatska/oruzane-snage/od-linicevih-rezova-osrh-spasavaju-jedino-americki-saveznici.php|title=Od Linićevih rezova OSRH spašavaju jedino američki saveznici |date=February 13, 2014 |website=Defender.hr |access-date=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224165846/http://www.defender.hr/republika-hrvatska/oruzane-snage/od-linicevih-rezova-osrh-spasavaju-jedino-americki-saveznici.php|archive-date=24 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{CZE}} – Borrowed from the US Military to conduct a missions by the [[601st Special Forces Group]] in Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.601skss.cz/galerie/1/640/P7210019.jpg |title=P7210019 |website=601. skupiny speciálních sil generála Moravce |access-date=13 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926050649/http://www.601skss.cz/galerie/1/640/P7210019.jpg |archive-date=26 September 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flaglist|Denmark}} – 30 vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://danskpanser.dk/Hjulkoretojer/HMMWV-TOW.htm |title=HMMWV-TOW |website=Dansk Panser |language=da |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311101123/http://danskpanser.dk/Hjulkoretojer/HMMWV-TOW.htm}}</ref>
* {{DJI}} – Vehicles sold under the U.S. Foreign Military Sales program.<ref name="armyweapons2011" /> They have seen combat in the 1990s during the [[Djiboutian Civil War|FRUD rebellion]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link=Yves Debay|first=Yves|last=Debay|title= VBL Panhard|publisher= Histoire et collections|year=2004|isbn=9782913903166|language=fr|page=121}}</ref>
* {{ECU}}<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{EGY}}<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{GEO}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/may_2011_news_defense_army_military_industry_uk/georgian_army_presents_new_home_made_armoured_vehicle_didgori_during_military_parade_tbilisi_2905112.html |title=Georgian army presents new home made armoured vehicle Didgori during military parade Tbilisi 2905112 &#124; May 2011 news defense army military industry UK &#124; Military army defense industry news year 2011 |date=29 May 2011 |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905012837/https://www.armyrecognition.com/may_2011_news_defense_army_military_industry_uk/georgian_army_presents_new_home_made_armoured_vehicle_didgori_during_military_parade_tbilisi_2905112.html |archive-date=5 September 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/132645151505704145/ |title=Humvee HMMWV ✠ Georgian Army &#124; Humvee much &#124; Pinterest &#124; Georgian |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010084203/https://www.pinterest.com/pin/132645151505704145/ |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{GRE}} - 681 vehicles ≈276 built in Greece by ELVO with designations M1114GR to M1119GR.<ref name=":1" />
* {{HON}} – Vehicles procured via the U.S. Foreign Military Sales program.<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{IRN}} - 15 to 20 spoils from Afghanistan
* {{IRQ}} – During the [[Iraq War]], stockpiled U.S. military HMMWVs were given to the [[Iraqi Army]], [[Iraqi Security Forces]].  The Iraqi military has more than 10,000+ Humvees.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/multimedia/OOBpage15-Equipment.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829205526/http://www.longwarjournal.org/multimedia/OOBpage15-Equipment.pdf |archive-date=29 August 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Some of these have been captured by the [[Islamic State]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27806094|title=Iraq crisis: UN 'deplores' militants' capture of cities|work=BBC News|date=12 June 2014|access-date=3 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705094240/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27806094|archive-date=5 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/middle-east-live/2014/jun/30/isis-declares-caliphate-in-iraq-and-syria-live-updates|title=Isis declares caliphate in Iraq and Syria|newspaper=The Guardian|date=30 June 2014|access-date=3 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702170144/http://www.theguardian.com/world/middle-east-live/2014/jun/30/isis-declares-caliphate-in-iraq-and-syria-live-updates|archive-date=2 July 2014|url-status=live|last1=Weaver|first1=Matthew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10910868/Iraq-crisis-Obama-may-launch-air-strikes-without-Congress-amid-calls-for-Maliki-to-go-live.html|title=Iraq crisis: Isis jihadists 'seize Saddam Hussein's chemical weapons stockpile' – live|date=19 June 2014|access-date=3 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702212946/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10910868/Iraq-crisis-Obama-may-launch-air-strikes-without-Congress-amid-calls-for-Maliki-to-go-live.html|archive-date=2 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_CLKmLWgko |title=ISIS Attack and capture US Humvees |website=[[YouTube]] |date=17 June 2014 |access-date=3 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809125709/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_CLKmLWgko |archive-date=9 August 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Most of them were recaptured by the [[Iraqi Armed Forces]] after IS defeat in 2017.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}
* {{flaglist|Israel}}<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lappin|first1=Yaakov|title=Security and Defence, a Woman's Touch|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Security-and-Defense-A-womans-touch-449130|website=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=20 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327234957/http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Security-and-Defense-A-womans-touch-449130|archive-date=27 March 2016|date=27 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Jordan}} – Multipurpose utility vehicle 600+ 250 M998A0 HMMWVs, 50 M1165A1B3 HMMWVs<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.army.mil/article/94254/Vehicles_shipped_in_support_of_coalition_partner_mission/|title=Vehicles shipped in support of coalition partner mission|date=January 14, 2012|access-date=July 23, 2013}}</ref> received from the United States in 2013.
* {{KAZ}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://prosites-kazakhembus.homestead.com/041107.html |title=Kazakhstan's News Bulletin |publisher=Prosites-kazakhembus.homestead.com |date=11 April 2007 |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712215329/http://prosites-kazakhembus.homestead.com/041107.html |archive-date=12 July 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{KEN}} – Several vehicles in use by security forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://emergingminds.org/US-gives-Kenya-s-Security-Forces-14-Hummer-Military-vehicles.html |title=US gives Kenya's Security Forces 14 Hummer Military vehicles &#124; Kenya, Political, Ranneberger |publisher=Emergingminds.org |date=2007-09-12 |access-date=2010-11-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724175116/http://emergingminds.org/US-gives-Kenya-s-Security-Forces-14-Hummer-Military-vehicles.html |archive-date=24 July 2011}}</ref>
* {{KUW}} – Vehicles sold via the U.S. Foreign Military Sales program.<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{LBN}} – 1,300+ vehicles<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lebanon.usembassy.gov/pr_040214.html |title=Press Releases 2014 &#124; Embassy of the United States Beirut, Lebanon |access-date=2014-04-05 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407082214/http://lebanon.usembassy.gov/pr_040214.html}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Libya}} [[Libya]] – 200 donated by the U.S. Army in July 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.defenceweb.co.za/land/land-land/libyan-army-receives-200-humvees/ |title=Libyan Army receives 200 Humvees |date=2013-07-29 |website=defenceweb.co.za |last=Nkala |first=Oscar}}</ref>
* {{LTU}} – 200 vehicles<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kariuomene.kam.lt/en/weaponry_and_technology.html?backlink=%252Fen%252Fsearch%252Fresults%252Fp0.html |title=Weaponry and technology |access-date=13 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613162518/http://kariuomene.kam.lt/en/weaponry_and_technology.html?backlink=%252Fen%252Fsearch%252Fresults%252Fp0.html |archive-date=13 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{MKD}} – 10 to 90, modified at Eurokompozit, armed with PK 7.62 x 54R MG{{citation needed|date=October 2017}}
* {{MAR}} – Morocco has 4000+ vehicles in the [[Royal Moroccan Army]], some of them are fitted with [[BGM-71 TOW]] ATGM.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 30, 2021|title=Royal Moroccan Armed Forces|url=https://www.defenceweb.co.za/security/african-militaries/royal-moroccan-armed-forces/|access-date=February 14, 2021|website=defenceWeb|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128163438/https://www.defenceweb.co.za/security/african-militaries/royal-moroccan-armed-forces/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{MDA}} – 90 vehicles<ref>{{cite web|last1=Larrinaga, de |first1=Nicholas |title=Moldovan Army receives more HMMWVs |url=http://www.janes.com/article/67943 |website=IHS Jane's 360 |access-date=20 February 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170220171624/http://www.janes.com/article/67943/moldovan-army-receives-more-hmmwvs |archive-date=20 February 2017 |date=20 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{MEX}} – Vehicles sold via the U.S. Foreign Military Sales program.<ref name="armyweapons2011" /> 3,000 vehicles in service.<ref>[http://www.infodefensa.com/?noticia=am-general-exhibe-el-humvee-hmmwv-m1151b1-en-sitdef-2013 AM General HMMWV Humvee M1151B1 exhibits in SITDEF 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615085300/http://www.infodefensa.com/?noticia=am-general-exhibe-el-humvee-hmmwv-m1151b1-en-sitdef-2013 |date=15 June 2013}} – Infodefensa.com, 19 May 2013</ref>
* {{flag|New Zealand}} – Borrowed U.S. vehicles in Afghanistan were modified by [[New Zealand Special Air Service]] and replaced by [[Pinzgauer High-Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle|Pinzgauer]]. The Army used a small number of U.S. either free/leased vehicles in Afghanistan until 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Burr|first1=Lloyd|title=NZ troops 'beg for, borrow or steal' decent gear|url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/politics/nz-troops-beg-for-borrow-or-steal-decent-gear--full-interview-2012082916#axzz4HFIjIvJt|website=Newshub|access-date=13 August 2016|date=29 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822091343/http://www.newshub.co.nz/politics/nz-troops-beg-for-borrow-or-steal-decent-gear--full-interview-2012082916#axzz4HFIjIvJt|archive-date=22 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{NOR}} - In use as a Missile Support Platform for the [[NASAMS|Norwegian Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System (NASAMS).]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dalløkken |first1=Per Erlien |title=En av Norges største eksportsuksesser: Nå er ny versjon klar |url=https://www.tu.no/artikler/en-av-norges-storste-eksportsuksesser-na-er-ny-versjon-klar/276454 |website=Tu.no |access-date=30 March 2023 |date=3 February 2016 |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330163950/https://www.tu.no/artikler/en-av-norges-storste-eksportsuksesser-na-er-ny-versjon-klar/276454 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Oman}} [[Oman]] – Vehicles sold via the U.S. Foreign Military Sales program.<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{PAR}} - 30 vehicles donated by Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-08-15 |title=Taiwan defense minister presents helicopters and Humvees to Paraguay {{!}} Taiwan News {{!}} 2019-08-15 17:20:48 |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3763624 |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=Taiwan News |archive-date=16 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816002052/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3763624 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=InfoDefensa |first=Revista Defensa |title=Taiwán dona a Paraguay dos helicópteros UH-1H y 30 vehículos Humvee |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3130125/taiwan-dona-paraguay-helicopteros-uh-1h-30-vehiculos-humvee |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa |language=es |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316104330/https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3130125/taiwan-dona-paraguay-helicopteros-uh-1h-30-vehiculos-humvee |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{PER}} – 34 vehicles (12 M-1151A1 deployed in Haiti as part of the UN peacekeeping contingent, 22 M-1165A1 Special Ops operated by the 19th Commando Battalion). There is possibly an upcoming purchase of 100 additional vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defensa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4332:el-ejercito-peruano-incrementara-su-flota-de-humvee&catid=55:latinoamerica&Itemid=163 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806224016/http://www.defensa.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4332:el-ejercito-peruano-incrementara-su-flota-de-humvee&catid=55:latinoamerica&Itemid=163 |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 August 2017 |title=Broken link |access-date=27 August 2011}}</ref>
* {{PHL}} – 300+ vehicles<ref name="armyweapons2011" /> M1114 delivered in 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://armstransfers.sipri.org/ArmsTransfer/CSVResult | title=Arms transfer database }}</ref> 
* {{flag|Poland}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Poland receives final batch of M1A1 MBTs, declares M1A2 SEPv3 ready for shipping |url=https://www.janes.com/osint-insights/defence-news/defence/poland-receives-final-batch-of-m1a1-mbts-declares-m1a2-sepv3-ready-for-shipping |website=Janes |access-date=15 June 2025 |language=en |date=28 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Poland Boosts Defense Acquisition to Become Third Strongest NATO Tank |url=https://armyrecognition.com/news/army-news/army-news-2024/poland-boosts-defense-acquisition-to-become-third-strongest-nato-tank-force-amid-russian-threat |website=armyrecognition.com |access-date=15 June 2025 |language=en-gb |date=12 January 2024}}</ref>
*{{POR}} – 47 vehicles used by [[Portuguese Army]] and 3 by the [[Portuguese Air Force]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=VIATURAS DO EXÉRCITO APRESENTADAS EM BRAGA {{!}} Operacional|url=http://www.operacional.pt/viaturas-do-exercito-apresentadas-em-braga/|access-date=2020-07-10|language=pt-PT|archive-date=10 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710101441/http://www.operacional.pt/viaturas-do-exercito-apresentadas-em-braga/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=EXPOFAP 2009 EM SINTRA {{!}} Operacional |url=http://www.operacional.pt/expofap-2009-em-sintra/|access-date=2020-07-10|language=pt-PT|archive-date=12 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712235306/http://www.operacional.pt/expofap-2009-em-sintra/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{ROM}} – 322 of M1113/M1114/M1165/M1151 variants<ref>{{cite web|title=Trade Registers |url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|access-date=19 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414022558/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php|archive-date=2010-04-14|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{KSA}} – Vehicles were sold to Saudi Arabia by the U.S. under the Foreign Military Sales program.<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{SEN}} – 23 vehicles donated by the U.S. seen in action as recently as 2017.<ref name="dakar.usembassy.gov">{{cite web |last1=Morgan |first1=Scott |title=The U.S. Gives 23 Humvee to the Senegalese Armed Forces |url=https://dakar.usembassy.gov/humvee-donation.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170120132941/https://dakar.usembassy.gov/humvee-donation.html |archive-date=20 January 2017 |access-date=29 January 2017 |website=Embassy of the United States in Dakar, Senegal |location=Dakar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bisaccio |first1=Derek |title=Senegalese PTL-02s in this convoy? via @DOlusegun |url=https://twitter.com/DerekBisaccio/status/822161238859845632 |website=Twitter |access-date=29 January 2017 |date=19 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202230719/https://twitter.com/DerekBisaccio/status/822161238859845632 |archive-date=2 February 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{ESP}} – 123 vehicles, used by the [[Infantería de Marina]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.revistanaval.com/armada/tear/hummer.htm |title= Vehículo ligero multipropósito HUMMER |access-date= 10 March 2010 |first= Javier |last= Sánchez |publisher= Revistanaval.com |language= es |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091214232654/http://www.revistanaval.com/armada/tear/hummer.htm |archive-date= 14 December 2009 |url-status= live}}</ref>
* {{SRB}} – 106 vehicles with additional procurement of 42 ([[Serbian Army|Army]]); 30 vehicles ([[Gendarmery (Serbia)|Gendarmery]]).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.balkansec.net/post/vojsci-srbije-isporu%C4%8Deno-66-hamvija | title=Vojsci Srbije isporučeno 66 Hamvija | date=23 July 2023 | access-date=11 January 2024 | archive-date=11 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111121456/https://www.balkansec.net/post/vojsci-srbije-isporu%C4%8Deno-66-hamvija | url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{SVK}} – [[Slovak Armed Forces]] used 6 vehicles in Iraq.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.mod.gov.sk/vojaci-v-iraku-dostanu-americke-humvee/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180731031305/https://www.mod.gov.sk/vojaci-v-iraku-dostanu-americke-humvee/| archive-date = 31 July 2018 |title = Vojaci v Iraku dostanú americké Humvee :: Ministerstvo obrany SR}}</ref>
* {{SLO}} – 4 donated by U.S. and 1 purchased in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ljubljana |first= U.S. Embassy |date=2020-04-21 |title=U.S.-Slovenia Defense Cooperation Provides New Field Ambulances for the Slovenian Armed Forces |url=https://si.usembassy.gov/u-s-slovenia-defense-cooperation-provides-new-field-ambulances-for-the-slovenian-armed-forces/ |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=U.S. Embassy in Slovenia |language=en-US |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316104331/https://si.usembassy.gov/u-s-slovenia-defense-cooperation-provides-new-field-ambulances-for-the-slovenian-armed-forces/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{SUD}} – Vehicles sold by the U.S. under the Foreign Military Sales program.<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Syria]] – Captured from ISIS{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
**{{flagdeco|Syrian Opposition}} [[Syrian National Army]]{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}
* {{TWN-ROC}} – 9,000+ vehicles<ref>{{cite web |author=記者張豐麟 |url=https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=66758 |title=陸軍輕型戰術輪車採購案的謬思 |publisher= |access-date=2019-07-09 |archive-date=2021-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009191150/https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=66758 |language=zh-tw |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/04/08/0000201263 |title=Military to replace its Humvee fleet |website=taipeitimes.com |date=8 April 2003 |access-date=2017-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228172030/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/04/08/0000201263|archive-date=28 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> including vehicles sold via the U.S. Foreign Military Sales program.<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{flag|Tajikistan}} - An unknown number of M1152A1 HMMWV "Gun trucks" were obtained by the Tajik Border Guards from fleeing ANA soldiers after the Taliban reestablished itself.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://twitter.com/buschmodelar/status/1586321687628242944 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=Twitter |language=en|title=M1152A1 HMMWV "Gun truck" This variant of Humvee saw widespread use with Afghan National Army and limited use with Afghan National Police. Though, little is known this version is used by Tajik Border Guard (likely from ANA defectors) and was used by Yemen Republican Guard as well}}</ref>
* {{TAN}} – sold by the U.S. under the Foreign Military Sales program.<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{TUN}} – 500+ operating in the Tunisian armed forces, some units are equipped with the [[BGM-71 TOW]] and the [[Mk 19 grenade launcher|Mk 19]].<ref>{{Citation |title=List of equipment of the Tunisian Army |date=2025-06-17 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_equipment_of_the_Tunisian_Army&oldid=1296051435 |access-date=2025-06-17 |language=en}}</ref>
* 52 vehicles donated by the U.S. in May 2015 and some sold via the U.S. Foreign Military Sales program.<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{UKR}} – 4000+ vehicles. 342 transferred (before April 24, 2022) of М1097А2/М1114/М998/M1152/М1116/M1025/HMMWV variants.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Багатоцільовий автомобіль HMMWV: служба в ЗСУ |date=4 December 2021 |url=https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2015/04/hmmwv.html |access-date=2022-07-06 |archive-date=25 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325231444/https://www.ukrmilitary.com/2015/04/hmmwv.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Out of all vehicles around 110 are at the [[95th Airmobile Brigade (Ukraine)|95th Airmobile Brigade]],<ref>{{cite web |url-status=usurped |url=http://wartime.org.ua/9638-u-kolonah-ukrayinskih-desantnikv-scho-ruhayutsya-na-krim-pomchen-amerikansk-hammeri.html |trans-title=In columns of Ukrainian Airmobile Forces who are deploying around Crimea they were noted to be in American Humvees |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001105731/http://wartime.org.ua/9638-u-kolonah-ukrayinskih-desantnikv-scho-ruhayutsya-na-krim-pomchen-amerikansk-hammeri.html |archive-date=1 October 2018 |date=12 March 2014 |title=У колонах українських десантників, що рухаються на Крим, помічені американські «Хаммери» |website=Військова панорама }}</ref> 10 vehicles were donated to the [[Polish–Ukrainian Peace Force Battalion]] (POLUKRBAT). Reports say that after the [[Battle of Debaltseve]] [[United Armed Forces of Novorossiya|insurgents]] were seen driving around in 'Humvee-like' vehicles.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3iYl1xiStk|title=YouTube|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101033611/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3iYl1xiStk|archive-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/02/19/ukraine-withdrawal-from-besieged-town-90-percent-complete |first1=Peter |last1=Leonard |first2=Dalton |last2=Bennett |agency=Associated Press |website=U.S. News & World Report |title=Debaltseve Under Rebel Control |date=2015-02-19 |access-date=2015-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010091611/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/02/19/ukraine-withdrawal-from-besieged-town-90-percent-complete |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Over 2000 vehicles were sent by the United States following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>[https://www.state.gov/u-s-security-cooperation-with-ukraine/ "U.S. Security Cooperation with Ukraine"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620194020/https://www.state.gov/u-s-security-cooperation-with-ukraine/ |date=20 June 2022 }}. ''U.S Department of State''. (12 March 2024). Retrieved 4 April 2024.</ref>
* {{USA}} – 230,000 (US Army and US Marine Corps)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.amgeneral.com/our-products-and-services/us-defense/ |title=U.S. Defense - AM General |access-date=12 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220100450/http://www.amgeneral.com/our-products-and-services/us-defense/ |archive-date=20 December 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Some used by various law enforcement agencies purchased through civilian sales.
**[[US Army]] Estimated 1000 M1167 HMMWV TOW as of January 2025 <ref name="Military Balance 2025">{{cite book |title=The Military Balance |date=2025 |publisher=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |isbn=978-1-041-04967-8}}</ref>{{rp|37}}
* {{UGA}}<ref name="armyweapons2011" />
* {{YEM}} – M1123 and M1151 variants<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=The Oryx Handbook of Pre-war Yemeni Fighting Vehicles |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2015/09/pre-war-yemeni-fighting-vehicles_20.html |website=Oryx |date=20 September 2015 |access-date=7 July 2022 |archive-date=30 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930171637/https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2015/09/pre-war-yemeni-fighting-vehicles_20.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Former user===
* {{flagcountry|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan}}: The former [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]] ordered 3,334 more in 2010 and 2011 for its [[Afghan National Police|National Police]], [[Afghan army#Afghan National Army (2002–2021)|National Army]] and other military.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Afghan-Forces-Getting-HMMWVs-06519/ |title=Afghan Forces Getting HMMWVs |date=26 July 2011 |access-date=29 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818203256/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Afghan-Forces-Getting-HMMWVs-06519/ |archive-date=18 August 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> 950 M1114 vehicles delivered to the army by November 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.army.mil/article/93657/401st_afsb_completes_m1114_transfer_to_ana |title=401st AFSB completes M1114 transfer to ANA |date=2013-01-11 |website=army.mil }}</ref> Others were taken by surviving Afghan troops who joined up with the [[National Resistance Front of Afghanistan|National Resistance Front]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210824-panjshir-resistance-digs-in-to-defend-key-valley-from-taliban|title=Panjshir resistance digs in to defend key valley from Taliban|date=24 August 2021|access-date=25 August 2021|archive-date=25 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825034737/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210824-panjshir-resistance-digs-in-to-defend-key-valley-from-taliban|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Non-state actors===
[[File:Taliban Humvee in Kabul, August 2021 (cropped).png|thumb|A Humvee captured by the [[Taliban]] in 2021]]
* {{flagicon image|AQMI_Flag.svg}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] – 2,300 (captured)<ref>{{cite news|title=Hezbollah Brigades flaunts US equipment in Anbar operation|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2015/06/02/dude-wheres-my-humvee-iraqi-equipment-losses-to-islamic-state-are-out-of-control/|first=Peter|last=Van Buren|author-link=Peter Van Buren|work=[[Reuters]]|date=2 June 2015|access-date=15 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602191006/http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2015/06/02/dude-wheres-my-humvee-iraqi-equipment-losses-to-islamic-state-are-out-of-control/|archive-date=2 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image}} [[Kataib Hezbollah]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Hezbollah Brigades flaunts US equipment in Anbar operation|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/06/hezbollah-brigades-flaunts-us-equipment-in-anbar-operation.php|author=[[Bill Roggio]] & Kaled Weiss|work=[[Long War Journal]]|date=25 June 2015|access-date=14 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713034535/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/06/hezbollah-brigades-flaunts-us-equipment-in-anbar-operation.php|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} [[Syrian Democratic Forces]]: Equipped with at least 20 Humvees from 2017 with further details not revealed.{{sfn|Nash|Searle|2021|p=38}}
** {{flagicon image|People's Protection Units Flag.svg|border=}} [[People's Defense Units]]{{sfn|Nash|Searle|2021|p=49}}

===Civilian sales===
In December 2014, the Department of Defense began auctioning off some 4,000 used Humvees to the public.  While some have been transferred to domestic law enforcement agencies, this is the first time the military vehicles have been made available for civilian ownership. The idea is to sell them with starting bids at $10,000 each, rather than simply scrapping them as a way to save money and repurpose them.  M998, M998A1, M1038, and M1038A1 model Humvees are available, which are out of U.S. service and lack armor.  AM General has been opposed to the resale of military Humvees to the general public, primarily because surplus government vehicles would have cut into sales related to the civilian Hummer model, whose production ended in 2010.<ref>[http://www.armytimes.com/story/military/tech/2014/12/12/humvee-auctions-to-public-a-first/20300263/ Surplus Humvee auctions to the public a first for DoD] – Armytimes.com, 12 December 2014</ref> The first sales from auction occurred on 17 December 2014 for 25 of the Humvees. Bids ranged from $21,500 for a 1989 M1038 to $41,000 for a 1994 AM General M998A1. The average bid was around $30,000 and the sale of the 25 vehicles netted $744,000 total.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141218105935/http://defensetech.org/2014/12/17/humvees-sell-for-up-to-42k-in-first-public-auction-of-military-truck/ Humvees Sell for up to $42K in First Public Auction of Military Truck]}} – Defensetech.org, 17 December 2014</ref> GovPlanet has since taken over the contract and sells Humvees at its weekly online auctions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.govplanet.com/humvees/ |title=GovPlanet Humvee Marketplace |access-date=22 January 2019 |archive-date=23 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123010148/https://www.govplanet.com/humvees |url-status=live }}</ref>

====HUMVEE C-Series====
In 2017, it was announced that AM General signed a contract with [[VLF Automotive]] to build a new [[VLF Automotive#HUMVEE C-Series|civilian version]] of the HMMWV for sale outside of the US. The initial contract calls for up to 100 a year to be built and sold overseas to places such as China, Europe, Middle East, and Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gmauthority.com/blog/2017/05/vlf-is-now-building-and-selling-the-hummer-h1-to-china/ |title=VLF is Now Building and Selling the Hummer H1 to China |date=9 May 2017 |access-date=10 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710180934/http://gmauthority.com/blog/2017/05/vlf-is-now-building-and-selling-the-hummer-h1-to-china/ |archive-date=10 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>  These are essentially updated [[Hummer H1]]s, but cannot use the [[Hummer]]-brand owned by [[General Motors]]. These vehicles have not been approved for sale in the US due to safety or emission standards.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a15341517/bob-lutzs-vlf-is-building-brand-new-hummer-h1s-and-shipping-them-to-china|title=Bob Lutz's VLF Is Building Brand-New Hummer H1s and Shipping Them to China|last=Atiyeh|first=Clifford|date=2017-05-08|website=Car and Driver|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-31|archive-date=31 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031194008/https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a15341517/bob-lutzs-vlf-is-building-brand-new-hummer-h1s-and-shipping-them-to-china/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Replicas==
[[File:National Guard Live Fires Hawkeye.webm|thumb|Hawkeye 105 mm Mobile Weapon System in Camp Grayling, 25 July 2019]]

Kits have been produced for the general market to turn a [[sedan (car)|sedan]] into a Humvee lookalike. An alternative is to buy a preconstructed (or "[[turnkey]]") model. Various kits exist, but one of the more well known is the [[Volkswagen Beetle]]-based "Wombat". This was previously named "HummBug", until the threat of a lawsuit from General Motors forced changes to the name and the grille design to make it look less like the real thing.<ref>{{cite web |author=speedsterforsale |url=http://vwforsale.wordpress.com/ |title=VW "Hummbug" For Sale |publisher=Vwforsale.wordpress.com |date=2009-06-28 |access-date=2012-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110114024701/http://vwforsale.wordpress.com/ |archive-date=14 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kitcar.com/wombat/home.html |title=The Wombat-a hummdinger of a sport utility vehicle! |publisher=Kitcar.com |date=1990-01-06 |access-date=2012-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618051051/http://www.kitcar.com/wombat/home.html |archive-date=18 June 2012}}</ref>

In Australia, a Gold Coast-based company called Rhino Buggies produces replicas of the Hummer H1 based on the [[Nissan Patrol]] 4WD vehicle for around A$30,000.<ref>Rhino Buggies web site http://www.rhinobuggies.com.au/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218122952/http://www.rhinobuggies.com.au/ |date=18 February 2011}}</ref>

In the U.S., four companies offered Hummer-look-alike body kits that can be mated to GM full-size trucks and Suburban chassis and, in some cases, Ford, Dodge, and Cadillac applications. Some models are Urban Gorilla,<ref>[http://www.4x4bodies.com/ Urban Gorilla from Urban Manufacturing]. 4x4bodies.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809075341/http://www.4x4bodies.com/ |date=9 August 2016}}</ref> Endeavor SB400 and SB4x400 from Forever Off-Road, the Jurassic Truck Corporation T-Rex, and the Bummer from Tatonka Products. An additional company offers plans for chassis building. The kits range from two-door fiberglass models to steel tube and [[sheet metal]] constructions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fourwheeler.com/how-to/body-chassis/131-9809-hummer-look-alike-rebody-kits/ |title=Hummer Look Alike Rebody Kits |date=September 1998 |access-date=30 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817014939/http://www.fourwheeler.com/how-to/body-chassis/131-9809-hummer-look-alike-rebody-kits/ |archive-date=17 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Similar vehicles==
* [[Agrale Marruá]] – Brazil
* [[BJ2022]] – Chinese military vehicle, currently in service
* [[Dongfeng EQ2050]] – Chinese military vehicle
* [[FMC XR311]] – an early prototype, as the successor to the M151 jeep, that led to the HMMWV
* [[Mohafiz (vehicle)|Mohafiz ASV]] - [[Heavy Industries Taxila|HIT]] made [[Armoured security vehicle]] of [[Pakistan]]i origin.
* [[Tigr (Russian military vehicle)|GAZ Tigr]] – Russian military vehicle, currently in service
* [[Hawkei]] – Australian military vehicle
* [[Iveco LMV]] – Italian military vehicle
* [[Komatsu LAV]] – Japanese military vehicle
* [[Lamborghini Cheetah]], an Italian prototype contender for the original HMMWV contract. Forerunner of the "Rambo Lambo" [[Lamborghini LM002]].
* TATA LSV (Light Specialist Vehicle) – a new vehicle by [[Tata Motors]] of India.
* [[Mahindra Marksman]], [[Mahindra Rakshak]] and [[Mahindra Armored Light Specialist Vehicle]] – vehicles manufactured by [[Mahindra & Mahindra|Mahindra]] in India for operating in similar roles like the HUMVEE.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/559/721.html |title=חדשותה"חיה הרעה" של היחידות המיוחדות |publisher=Nrg.co.il |date=22 March 2007 |author=אמיר בוחבוט |access-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107120842/http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/559/721.html |archive-date=7 January 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Kia KLTV]] - South Korean light tactical vehicle
* [[Marine Multi-purpose Vehicle]] (MMPV) – Philippines
* [[MOWAG Eagle]] – Swiss military vehicle
* [[Otokar Cobra]] – Turkish light armored vehicle with HMMWV parts
* [[Oshkosh L-ATV]] – U.S. military vehicle
* [[Pindad Maung]] – Indonesian military vehicle
* Predator SOV
* [[SPECTRE light vehicle]] – U.S. light air-portable utility/special forces-type vehicle proposed as a possible HMMWV replacement.
* [[T-98 Kombat]] – Russian civilian SUV
* [[Tarpan Honker]] – Polish military vehicle
* [[Tiuna]] – Venezuelan military vehicle
* [[Toyota Mega Cruiser]] – Japanese military vehicle in service with the [[Japan Self Defense Forces]]. AKA "Koukidousha" or "{{Interlanguage link|High Mobility Vehicle|ja|3=高機動車}}".
* [[URO VAMTAC]] – Spanish four-wheel tactical military vehicle by [[UROVESA]]
* [[VECTOR]] - Dutch tactical military vehicle
* [[VLEGA Gaucho]] – Argentinian-Brazilian military vehicle
* [[Weststar GK-M1]] – Malaysian military light vehicle
* [[Kozak (armored personnel carrier)|Kozak]] – Ukrainian military vehicle

==See also==
* [[Hummer]] [[Hummer H1|H1]], [[Hummer H2|H2]], and [[Hummer H3|H3]]. The H1 is a civilian derivative of the HMMWV, while the H2 and H3 are based on regular GM truck chassis and styled after it.
* [[Humvee clone manufacturing in China]]
* [[Humvee replacement process]]
* [[Interim Fast Attack Vehicle]]
* [[List of "M" series military vehicles]]
* [[Sandstorm (vehicle)|Sandstorm]], an HMMWV modified into an autonomous vehicle.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F |editor1-link=Christopher F Foss |title=Jane's Combat Support Equipment 1978–79|publisher=Macdonald and Jane's Publishers |location=London |year=1979 |isbn=0-354-00571-5 |pages= |edition=1st |chapter= |url=https://archive.org/details/janescombatsuppo0000unse}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F |editor1-link=Christopher F Foss |title=Jane's Military Vehicles and Ground Support Equipment 1981 |publisher=Jane's Publishing Company |location=London |year=1981 |isbn=0-7106-0706-7 |pages= |edition=2nd |chapter= |url=https://archive.org/details/janesmilitaryveh0000unse_z1s9}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F |editor1-link=Christopher F Foss |title=Jane's Military Vehicles and Ground Support Equipment 1983 |publisher=Jane's Publishing Company |location=London |year=1983 |isbn=0-7106-0766-0 |pages= |edition=4th |chapter= |url=https://archive.org/details/janesmilitaryveh0000unse_c1c7}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Foss |editor1-first=Christopher F |editor1-link=Christopher F Foss |title=Jane's Military Vehicles and Ground Support Equipment 1984 |publisher=Jane's Publishing Company |location=London |year=1984 |isbn=0-7106-0794-6 |edition=5th |url=https://archive.org/details/janesmilitaryveh0000unse_k4f1}}
* {{cite book|last1=Nash|first1=Ed|last2=Searle|first2= Alaric|title=Kurdish Armour Against ISIS|date=2021|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=9781472847584|location=UK}}
* {{cite book|title=The Military Balance 2016|date=February 2016|volume=116|isbn=978-1-85743-835-2 |publisher=Routlegde|ref={{harvid|Military Balance 2016}}|author=International Institute for Strategic Studies|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Zaloga |editor1-first=Steven J. |editor1-link=Steven J. Zaloga |title=HMMWV Humvee 1980–2005 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|location=Oxford, UK |year=2006 |isbn=9781849089562}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official website}}
* [http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/wheeled/hmmwv.html Army fact file] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312084342/http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/wheeled/hmmwv.html |date=12 March 2008}}
* [https://www.nsnlookup.com/equipment-intelligence/land/hmmwv HMMWV Manuals] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626025749/https://www.nsnlookup.com/equipment-intelligence/land/hmmwv |date=26 June 2022}}
* [http://humvee-export.com/humvee-c-series-brochure/ HUMVEE C-Series brochure] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710181116/http://humvee-export.com/humvee-c-series-brochure/ |date=10 July 2019}}

{{AM General}}
{{Post-WWII US Soft Vehicles}}
{{USAF weapons}}
{{Hummer}}

[[Category:1980s cars]]
[[Category:AM General vehicles]]
[[Category:All-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Military vehicles of the United States]]
[[Category:Military trucks of the United States]]
[[Category:Off-road vehicles]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1980s]]
[[Category:Plug-in hybrid vehicles]]
[[Category:Diesel–electric cars]]
[[Category:Military light utility vehicles]]
[[Category:Hummer]]