View source for Emergency Response Team (RCMP)

{{Short description|Police tactical units of the RCMP}}
{{For|a general overview of most Emergency Response Teams in police, fire and medical services|Incident response team}}
{{Infobox law enforcement unit
| unit_name              = Emergency Response Team
| native_name            = {{native name|fr|Groupe tactique d'intervention}}
| native_namea           = <!-- Use {{native name|language code|name}} -->
| native_namer           = <!-- Use {{native name|language code|name}} -->
| image                  = Grc2.jpg 
| image_size             = 170px
| alt                    = An ERT officer in training
| caption                = An ERT officer in training
| dates                  = 1977 – present
| country                = {{flag|Canada}}
| agency                 = [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]]
| type                   = [[Police tactical unit]]                                            
                           
                
| role                   = {{Plainlist}}
* [[Law enforcement]]
* [[Counter-terrorism]] 
{{Endplainlist}}
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| common_name            = 
| abbreviation           = ERT {{native name|fr|GTI|}}
<!-- Structure -->
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| unsworn                = 
| subunit_type_label     = Teams
| subunits               = 16<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Northcott |first1=Paul |title=At the Ready |magazine=Gazette |date=2019 |volume=81 |issue=2 |page=19 |url=https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/gazette/the-ready |access-date=30 August 2020 |publisher=Royal Canadian Mounted Police |location=Ottawa |issn=1196-6513}}</ref>
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<!--Website --> 
| website                = {{URL|www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ert-gti/index-eng.htm}}
}}

The '''Emergency Response Team''' ('''ERT'''; {{Langx|fr|Groupe tactique d'intervention}})<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ert-gti/index-fra.htm|title=Groupe tactique d'intervention|publisher=Royal Canadian Mounted Police|access-date=2013-06-13|date=2001-05-01|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120161610/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ert-gti/index-fra.htm|archivedate=2022-01-20}}</ref> are [[police tactical unit]]s of the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] based throughout [[Canada]] and are mainly part-time teams.

==History==
The RCMP established the ERT in 1977 in 31 centres throughout Canada.<ref name="P48">Kelly and Hays, Page 48.</ref> The creation of the ERT was modelled after the RCMP's Hostage Assault and Rescue Program.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://roadtostarrdom.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/ert.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221173247/http://roadtostarrdom.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/ert.pdf |title=ERT Confidential |access-date=2013-06-13 |archive-date=2014-02-21 |date=2007-12-07 |publisher=The Sunday Leader |url-status=dead }}</ref> Because of the problem in geography, which prevents the RCMP from pooling their resources to respond to a Canada-wide incident, the Canadian government initially mandated the creation of the [[Special Emergency Response Team]] or SERT on January 22, 1986.<ref name="P48"/>  51 officers were trained for SERT duties as the unit would operate in circumstances where local police forces do not have enough resources to resolve the incident.<ref name="P48"/> The SERT was eventually disbanded in 1993 as they were not suited for quasi-military operations with problems on whether lethal force is necessary or not, given its RCMP status.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://circ.jmellon.com/docs/html/canadas_elite_secret_army.html|title=Canada's Elite Secret Army|author=Peter Worthington|publisher=The Sunday Star|date=2001-07-15|access-date=2013-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.specwarnet.net/americas/jtf2.htm|title=Canada's Joint Task Force-Two|access-date=2013-06-13}}</ref>

The Marine Security Emergency Response Teams were created as a part of the ERT in 2006 with initial training in the waters of British Columbia as a key component of the Critical Incident Program to ensure ERT operators are fully prepared to respond to calls when a situation develops in the marine environment.<ref name="MSERT">{{cite web|url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/mari-port/msert-gtism-eng.htm |title=Marine Security Emergency Response Teams (MSERT) |date=2009-03-10 |access-date=2013-06-13 |publisher=Royal Canadian Mounted Police |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626212926/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/mari-port/msert-gtism-eng.htm |archive-date=2013-06-26 }}</ref> MSERT teams were involved in protecting participants and the public during the 2010 Winter Games in Vancouver, BC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/hidb-bdih/plan-eng.aspx?Org=0&Hi=62&Pl=368|title=Marine Security|author=Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat|publisher=Canadian Government|access-date=2013-06-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115215035/http://tbs-sct.gc.ca/hidb-bdih/plan-eng.aspx?Org=0&Hi=62&Pl=368|archivedate=2018-11-15}}</ref>

The ERT received armoured vehicles from the RCMP as a means of bolstering their effectiveness in the field. Surplus [[AVGP]] Cougars were handed to the ERTs in 2010 as a means of transporting ERT operators in situations where firearms were known to be involved.<ref name="CBC">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/armoured-vehicles-adopted-by-b-c-rcmp-1.871738|title=Armoured vehicles adopted by B.C. RCMP|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|access-date=2013-06-13|date=2010-03-24}}</ref> These vehicles are used without any turrets or other offensive weapons as they were removed prior to ERT adoption<ref name="CBC"/> since they are used for transportation purposes only.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.250news.com/blog/view/15863/1/new+special+vehicles+for+bc+mounties |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130613083256/http://www.250news.com/blog/view/15863/1/new+special+vehicles+for+bc+mounties |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-06-13 |title=New Special Vehicles for BC Mounties |publisher=250 News |access-date=2013-06-13 |date=2010-03-23 }}</ref> They were first used by RCMP ERT teams to bust a drug grow op in Chilliwack, BC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v10/n272/a04.html|title=CN BC: RCMP's Tactical Vehicle Used to Access Rural Grow Op|access-date=2013-06-13|date=2010-04-07|publisher=Media Awareness Project c/o Agassiz Harrison Observer|author=Jessica Murdy}}</ref>

In 2012, the RCMP and Navistar Defense Canada Inc. worked together to create their own armoured vehicles for the ERTs when RCMP Assistant Commissioner Russ Mirasty, commanding officer of the RCMP’s for F division in Saskatchewan, unveiled them to the public.<ref name="Metro">{{cite web|url=http://metronews.ca/news/regina/428737/rcmp-emergency-response-team-gets-new-set-of-wheels/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130613081501/http://metronews.ca/news/regina/428737/rcmp-emergency-response-team-gets-new-set-of-wheels/|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 13, 2013|title=RCMP Emergency Response Team gets new set of wheels|date=2012-11-05|access-date=2013-06-13|publisher=Metro Regina|author=Jeff Mackey}}</ref> Known as the Tactical Armored Vehicle, these were made at the cost of US$14,019,826 with a working lifespan of 15 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/fs-fd/tav-vbt-eng.htm|title=Tactical Armored Vehicle|publisher=Royal Canadian Mounted Police|access-date=2013-06-13|date=2012-07-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107105827/https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/fs-fd/tav-vbt-eng.htm|archivedate=2013-11-07}}</ref> 18 TAVs were delivered to various ERTs throughout Canada as their main support vehicle when on call.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ns/news-nouvelles/releases-communiques/12-09-18-132341-eng.htm|title=Nova Scotia RCMP unveils new Emergency Response Vehicles , Halifax, N.S.|date=2012-09-18|access-date=2013-06-13|publisher=Royal Canadian Mounted Police's "H" Division|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630000433/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ns/news-nouvelles/releases-communiques/12-09-18-132341-eng.htm|archivedate=2013-06-30}}</ref>

== Duties ==
According to the RCMP, the ERT "is a group of highly-trained RCMP members capable of employing specialized weapons, equipment, and tactics to resolve extremely high-risk situations."<ref name="ERTE">{{cite web |date=2001-05-01 |title=Emergency Response Team |url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ert-gti/index-eng.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131215329/https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ert-gti/index-eng.htm |archivedate=2009-01-31 |access-date=2013-06-13 |publisher=Royal Canadian Mounted Police}}</ref> 

The ERT is also mandated to assess the situation and determine whether extreme danger or the presence of small arms cannot be easily resolved by RCMP officers on general duties or by other police forces throughout Canada.<ref name="ERTBC">{{cite web |date=2012-01-18 |title=Emergency Response Team (ERT) |url=http://bc.cb.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ViewPage.action?siteNodeId=154&languageId=1&contentId=5611 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130613114017/http://bc.cb.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ViewPage.action?siteNodeId=154&languageId=1&contentId=5611 |archive-date=2013-06-13 |access-date=2013-06-13 |website=RCMP in B.C.}}</ref> 

The ERT offers consulting services to its fellow officers such as firearms files and shootings that involve police officers.<ref name="ERTBC" />

ERTs operate as a floating work-site team, which allows them to be called up for duty from their residences and not in an RCMP office.<ref name="ERTBC" /> They also operate under a threat-based priority system if multiple emergency calls require ERT presence.<ref name="ERTBC" /> 

ERT teams are legally bound to operate in Canada and overseas when required.<ref name="ERTE" />

==Qualifications==
Prospective male and female ERT operator candidates are required to have two years of operational experience in the RCMP, as well as to score a total of 225 or more at their PPC qualifications.<ref name="Requirements">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ert-gti/prog-eng.htm |title=Emergency Response Team - Requirements |website=Royal Canadian Mounted Police |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703024444/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ert-gti/prog-eng.htm |archive-date=2013-07-03 |date=2001-05-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 

ERT operator candidates are also required to attend to psychological evaluations to weed out candidates who have problems working in environments that involve confined spaces, height or water.<ref name="Requirements" /> 

Candidates are allowed into ERT operational service once he or she completes a nine-week ERT course in Ottawa, which consists of theoretical, firearms and tactical training.<ref name="Training">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ert-gti/train-form-eng.htm|title=Emergency Response Team - Training|website=Royal Canadian Mounted Police|date=2001-05-01|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909122521/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ert-gti/train-form-eng.htm|archive-date=2019-09-09}}</ref>

ERT operators are required to do training when not on duty, which consist of daily training for full-time ERT operators and a minimum of two days for part-time ERT operators.<ref name="Training"/>

==Training==
[[File:Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers detain role players aboard the survey research vessel R-V Strait Hunter, which was simulating a migrant vessel during exercise Frontier Sentinel 2012 in Sydney, Nova 120508-N-IL267-014.jpg|thumb|right|300px|RCMP MSERT operators detain individuals in a simulated illegal migrant vessel in a training exercise as a part of Exercise Frontier Sentinel 2012 in Sydney, Nova Scotia.]]

Before the timed obstacle was implemented on April 1, 2009, ERT operator candidates are required to pass a physical training exam that consists of a 1.5 mile run in under 11 minutes, 40 consecutive and uninterrupted pushups, 40 sit-ups in one minute, 5 wide-grip pull-ups and bench press with a weight of 135 pounds.<ref name="Requirements"/>

ERT training consists of three blocks. They consist of the following:<ref name="Training"/>

* Block 1: Firearms / Rappelling
* Block 2: Rural patrol tactics
* Block 3: Interior combat / CQB

Additional training courses, such as the Sniper / Observer course, the Aircraft assault course and the basic and advanced Marine Operations courses, are open to ERT operators once they are officially admitted.<ref name="Training"/> These advanced courses are overseen by the National Tactical Training Section.<ref name="Training"/>
{{clear}}

==Weapons==
[[File:P226_Elite_Dark.JPG|thumb|[[SIG Sauer P226]]]]
{{As of|2001}}, ERT operators had access to the following firearms, which were standardized by the National Policy Centre for all ERT teams for operational purposes:<ref name="Equipment">{{cite web|url=http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ert-gti/equip-eng.htm|title=Emergency Response Team - Equipment|website=Royal Canadian Mounted Police|date=2001-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909122509/http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ert-gti/equip-eng.htm |archive-date=2019-09-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.garrybreitkreuz.com/breitkreuzgpress/fire39.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130613122053/http://www.garrybreitkreuz.com/breitkreuzgpress/fire39.html |title=RCMP NOW ADMIT THEY HAD FOUR SNIPERS ON THE HILL DURING GUN LAW PROTEST |date=1999-04-27 |access-date=2013-06-13 |archive-date=2013-06-13 |author=Garry Breitkreuz |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Model
!Type
!Origin
|-
|[[SIG Sauer P226]]
|[[Semi-automatic pistol]]
| rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Germany}}
|-
|[[Heckler & Koch MP5]]
|[[Submachine gun]]
|-
|[[Colt Canada C7 and C8|Colt Canada C8]]
|[[Assault rifle]]
|{{Flag|Canada}}
|-
|[[Remington Model 870]]
|[[Shotgun]]
| rowspan="2" |{{Flag|United States}}
|-
|[[Heckler & Koch PSG1|Remington Model 700P]]
|[[Sniper rifle]]
|}

==Duties==
In 2001, the duties of the ERT were described as the following:<ref name="ERTE"/>

* Resolving incidents involving armed & barricaded persons
* Aircraft interventions
* Marine interventions (armed ship boarding)
* High-risk searches & arrests
* High-risk prisoner transport
* VIP & witness protection duties
* Covert surveillance and intelligence gathering
* Rural tracking operations

==Operations==
[[File:G20 Toronto - RCMP Truck.jpg|thumb|RCMP ERT officer and an RCMP Mobile Command Unit in Toronto during the [[2010 G20 Toronto summit|G20 summit]], June 2010]] 
From August 1995 to September 1995 RCMP ERT was involved in the [[Gustafsen Lake Standoff]].

In September, 2007 the RCMP ERT rescued a three-year-old child from a man who had fired numerous shots in a house in [[Chilliwack]], British Columbia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=fe058091-f6e2-482a-bf14-4ee2c4912ad6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414180835/http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=fe058091-f6e2-482a-bf14-4ee2c4912ad6 |archive-date=2014-04-14 |title=RCMP rescue 3 year old in BC}}</ref>

In June 2010, RCMP ERT officers assisted with the [[2010_G20_Toronto_summit_protests|G20 Summit in Toronto, ON]].

In March, 2011 the RCMP ERT responded to a residence in [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey, BC]] where a 13-year-old girl had been shot in the back and the house set on fire. 

The girl ran from the house to a nearby school. Believing the shooter and additional young victims were in the residence, ERT officers forced their way into the house while it was still on fire. 

The shooter was located inside with an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound. 

ERT officers provided CPR at scene until BCAS paramedics arrived, however the shooter later died.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cloverdalereporter.com/news/118781729.html?mobile=true|title=RCMP attempt rescue of 13 year old|access-date=2013-12-31|archive-date=2014-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101084339/http://www.cloverdalereporter.com/news/118781729.html?mobile=true|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://bc.ctvnews.ca/teen-shooting-victim-speaks-out-1.623760|title=RCMP attempt rescue of 13 year old| date=26 March 2011 }}</ref>
{{clear}}

==Controversies==
{{Further|List of controversies involving the Royal Canadian Mounted Police}}
[[File:RCMP ERT member points suppressed rifle at unarmed Wet'suwet'en protester..png|thumb|RCMP ERT member points suppressed rifle at unarmed Wet'suwet'en protester, November 2019]]
The ERT was found to be justified<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/pelletier-death-by-police-sniper-needs-deeper-examination-family-1.861608|title=Pelletier death by police sniper needs deeper examination: family|date=June 10, 2009|website=CBC|access-date=December 7, 2019}}</ref> in shooting Delbert Kenneth Pelletier at the [[Muskowekwan First Nation]] in [[Melville, Saskatchewan]]. 

The ERT was deployed to the area on November 13, 2006 due to reports of Pelletier being armed with a gun while acting irrational and suicidal. 

Pelletier's wife fled the residence prior to police arrival. Pelletier was shot by police snipers shortly after Pelletier shot at a police vehicle, striking the door but not injuring any of the officers inside.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/reginaleaderpost/news/story.html?id=b38e312f-ba53-4785-9423-2263397380b4 |title=RCMP sniper says he had no choice |publisher=Canada.com |date=2008-10-30 |access-date=2013-06-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223631/http://www.canada.com/reginaleaderpost/news/story.html?id=b38e312f-ba53-4785-9423-2263397380b4 |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> 

Among the recommendations made after the inquiry include cultural relations training, including the presence of an elder's program at the RCMP Depot before ERTs would be officially deployed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.canada.com/reginaleaderpost/news/story.html?id=076a92d4-2106-4bcc-8cde-c2e346bf7c47|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130613085247/http://www2.canada.com/reginaleaderpost/news/story.html?id=076a92d4-2106-4bcc-8cde-c2e346bf7c47|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-06-13|title=Inquest inaction frustrates family|date=2009-06-10|access-date=2013-06-13|publisher=Leader Post|author=Barb Pacholik}}</ref> 

Bob Hrycan, a lawyer for Calvin and Fisher Pelletier, accuses the RCMP of conducting excessive force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=e59bcadc-3c61-4c4f-b794-2815680017fb&sponsor= |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130613085638/http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=e59bcadc-3c61-4c4f-b794-2815680017fb&sponsor= |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-06-13 |title=Jurors at coroner's inquest want recommendations taken seriously |author=Leader Post |publisher=Canada.com |date=2008-10-31 |access-date=2013-06-13 }}</ref> The Pelletier family has made calls for a wider probe into the shooting death of Delbert Pelletier.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/pelletier-death-by-police-sniper-needs-deeper-examination-family-1.861608|title=Pelletier death by police sniper needs deeper examination: family|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=2009-06-10|access-date=2013-06-13}}</ref>

In 2009, ERT tactical gear was reported to be stolen in [[Kamloops]], BC. No weapons or firearms were taken.<ref name="Missing">{{cite web|url=http://www.kamloopsnews.ca/article/20090725/KAMLOOPS0101/307259990/-1/KAMLOOPS/oops-police-lose-ert-gear-in-heist|title=Oops, police lose ERT gear in heist|publisher=Kamloops: The Daily News|date=2009-07-25|access-date=2013-06-13|author=Robert Koopmans}}</ref> Some of items that were permanently missing are now believed to have been sold/bought in the underground black market.<ref name="Missing"/>

ERT operators were involved in the shooting death of ex-Canadian soldier Gregory Matters in 2012, who was reported to be using a hatchet before he was shot in Prince George, BC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpc-cpp.gc.ca/cnt/nrm/nr/2013/20130501-eng.aspx |title=Commission launches complaint into fatal shooting of Greg Matters in Prince George, B.C. |date=2013-05-01 |access-date=2013-06-13 |author=Commission for Public Complaints Against the RCMP |publisher=Canadian Government |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719111551/http://www.cpc-cpp.gc.ca/cnt/nrm/nr/2013/20130501-eng.aspx |archive-date=2013-07-19 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/528282/rcmp-cleared-in-shooting-death-of-canadian-forces-veteran/|title=RCMP cleared in shooting death of Canadian Forces veteran|author=John L. Daly|publisher=Global News|date=2013-05-01|access-date=2013-06-13}}</ref> An investigation was conducted by the BC Independent Investigations Office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/05/02/na0502-th-shooting/|title=RCMP cleared in former soldier's death after police opened fire on veteran with post-traumatic stress disorder|publisher=The National|date=2012-05-13|access-date=2013-06-13|author=Tristan Hopper}}</ref> The Commission for Public Complaints Against the RCMP has launched an official inquiry into the death as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpc-cpp.gc.ca/cnt/decision/cic-pdp/2013/cic-pdp-130501-eng.aspx |title=Chair-Initiated Public Complaint and Public Interest Investigation: Shooting Death of Gregory Matters in Prince George, British Columbia |date=2013-05-01 |access-date=2013-06-13 |author=Commission for Public Complaints Against the RCMP |publisher=Canadian Government |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016230750/http://www.cpc-cpp.gc.ca/cnt/decision/cic-pdp/2013/cic-pdp-130501-eng.aspx |archive-date=2013-10-16 }}</ref> The RCMP was found to be justified in the shooting after the investigations.

==See also==
* [[Special Emergency Response Team]], a former integral part of the ERT
* [[Emergency Task Force (Toronto Police Service)|Emergency Task Force]], an ERT under the Toronto Police Service

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{Cite report |author=Kelly, William M. |author2=Hays, Daniel |date=June 1987 |title=Terrorism And The Public Safety }}
* Chris Madsen, Military against Gendarmerie: Contingency Planning for a Police-led Coup d’état to Control or Overthrow a Democratically elected Government in Canada. Salus Journal: A Journal of Law Enforcement, National Security, and Emergency Management 11:2 (2023). https://view.salusjournal.com/index.php/salusjournal/article/view/154/143

==External links==
{{Commons category|Emergency Response Team (RCMP)}}
{{Commons category|Marine Security Emergency Response Teams}}
* [http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ert-gti/index-eng.htm ERT Official Homepage]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Emergency Response Team (Rcmp)}}
[[Category:Divisions and units of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police]]
[[Category:Counterterrorism in Canada]]
[[Category:Police tactical units]]
[[Category:Special forces of Canada]]