View source for Demographics of Equatorial Guinea

{{short description|none}}
{{Infobox place demographics
| place = [[Equatorial Guinea]]
| image = File:Equatorial Guinea single age population pyramid 2020.png
| image_size = 350
| caption = Population pyramid of the Equatorial Guinea in 2020
| size_of_population = 1,679,172 (2022 est.)
| nation = Equatorial Guinean
| major_ethnic = Fang (85.7%)
| official = Spanish
| age_0–14_years = 38.73%
| age_65_years = 3.92%
| growth = 3.5% (2022 est.)
| birth = 29.95 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
| death = 8.95 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
| net_migration = 13.96 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
| sr_at_birth = 1.03 male(s)/female
| sr_under_15 = 1.08 male(s)/female
| sr_65_years_over = 0.87 male(s)/female
| total_mf_ratio = 1.15 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
| infant_mortality = 78.33 deaths/1,000 live births
| life = 63.7 years
| life_male = 61.44 years
| life_female = 66.03 years
| fertility = 4.26 children born/woman (2022 est.)
}}
{{Culture of Equatorial Guinea}}
[[File:Equatorial Guinea population.svg|thumb|350px|Evolution of the Equatoguinean population between 1960 and 2017. Population data in hundreds of thousands of inhabitants.]]
[[Demography|Demographic]] features of the [[population]] of [[Equatorial Guinea]] include [[population density]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

== Population ==
[[File:Equatorial Guinea Population 1950-2021 Forecast 2022-2032 UN World Population Prospects 2022.svg|thumb|350px|[[Population]], [[fertility rate]] and [[net reproduction rate]], United Nations estimates]]
According to the 2022 revision of the world factbook the total population was 1,679,172 in 2022.<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/equatorial-guinea/|title = Equatorial Guinea|date = 14 April 2022}}</ref> The proportion of children below the age of 14 in 2020 was 38.73%, 57.35% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.92% was 65 years or older.<ref name="cia.gov"/><ref name="WPP 2010">{{cite web|url=http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm|title=Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision|website=Esa.un.org|access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!
! width="80pt"|Total population<ref name="cia.gov"/>
! width="80pt"|Population aged 0–14 (%)
! width="80pt"|Population aged 15–64 (%)
! width="80pt"|Population aged 65+ (%)
|-
| 1950
| 226 000||34.2||60.1||5.6
|-
| 1955
| 238 000||35.7||59.0||5.3
|-
| 1960
| 252 000||37.0||57.9||5.0
|-
| 1965
| 269 000||38.3||56.9||4.8
|-
| 1970
| 291 000||38.7||56.7||4.6
|-
| 1975
| 238 000||44.8||49.8||5.4
|-
| 1980
| 221 000||43.7||50.3||6.0
|-
| 1985
| 313 000||34.7||60.4||4.9
|-
| 1990
| 374 000||37.7||57.8||4.5
|-
| 1995
| 443 000||41.9||54.1||4.1
|-
| 2000
| 520 000||42.6||53.8||3.7
|-
| 2005
| 608 000||40.5||56.2||3.2
|-
| 2010
| 700 000||39.2||57.9||2.9
|-
| 2020
| 836 178||38.7||57.4||3.9
|}

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Estimates or projections based on the 2015 population census.):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/|title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 762 309
| align="right" | 692 480
| align="right" | 1 454 789
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 105 834
| align="right" | 94 783
| align="right" | 200 617
| align="right" | 13.79
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 95 293
| align="right" | 87 387
| align="right" | 182 680
| align="right" | 12.56
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 80 324
| align="right" | 67 341
| align="right" | 147 665
| align="right" | 10.15
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 63 880
| align="right" | 56 442
| align="right" | 120 321
| align="right" | 8.27
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 55 868
| align="right" | 55 468
| align="right" | 111 337
| align="right" | 7.65
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 69 467
| align="right" | 57 220
| align="right" | 126 687
| align="right" | 8.71
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 62 193
| align="right" | 45 737
| align="right" | 107 930
| align="right" | 7.42
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 51 020
| align="right" | 37 076
| align="right" | 88 096
| align="right" | 6.06
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 45 960
| align="right" | 34 449
| align="right" | 80 409
| align="right" | 5.53
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 34 786
| align="right" | 31 335
| align="right" | 66 121
| align="right" | 4.55
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 32 362
| align="right" | 31 237
| align="right" | 63 599
| align="right" | 4.37
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 19 607
| align="right" | 22 577
| align="right" | 42 183
| align="right" | 2.90
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 15 812
| align="right" | 21 214
| align="right" | 37 026
| align="right" | 2.55
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 10 963
| align="right" | 13 040
| align="right" | 24 003
| align="right" | 1.65
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 7 758
| align="right" | 13 040
| align="right" | 20 798
| align="right" | 1.43
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 5 987
| align="right" | 10 121
| align="right" | 16 108
| align="right" | 1.11
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 2 804
| align="right" | 7 201
| align="right" | 10 005
| align="right" | 0.69
|-
| align="right" | 85+
| align="right" | 2 393
| align="right" | 6 812
| align="right" | 9 205
| align="right" | 0.63
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 281 451
| align="right" | 249 511
| align="right" | 530 962
| align="right" | 36.50
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 450 953
| align="right" | 392 755
| align="right" | 843 708
| align="right" | 58.00
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 29 905
| align="right" | 50 214
| align="right" | 80 119
| align="right" | 5.51
|-
|}

== Vital statistics ==
Registration of vital events is in Equatorial Guinea not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.
<ref name="WPP 2010" />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! width="70pt"|Period
! width="70pt"|Live births per year
! width="70pt"|Deaths per year
! width="70pt"|Natural change per year
! width="70pt"|CBR*
! width="70pt"|CDR*
! width="70pt"|NC*
! width="70pt"|TFR*
! width="70pt"|IMR*
|-
| 1950–1955 || 9 000|| 7 000|| 2 000||40.9||30.4||10.5||5.50||196
|-
| 1955–1960 || 10 000|| 7 000|| 3 000||40.5||28.7||11.8||5.50||186
|-
| 1960–1965 || 10 000|| 7 000|| 3 000||40.1||26.9||13.3||5.53||176
|-
| 1965–1970 || 11 000|| 7 000|| 4 000||40.7||25.3||15.3||5.66||167
|-
| 1970–1975 || 10 000|| 6 000|| 3 000||36.8||23.7||13.1||5.68||157
|-
| 1975–1980 || 8 000|| 5 000|| 2 000||32.9||22.2||10.8||5.68||149
|-
| 1980–1985 || 11 000|| 6 000|| 5 000||41.7||21.4||20.3||5.79||138
|-
| 1985–1990 || 16 000|| 7 000|| 9 000||47.4||20.4||26.9||5.89||128
|-
| 1990–1995 || 18 000|| 8 000|| 11 000||45.0||18.7||26.3||5.89||118
|-
| 1995–2000 || 20 000|| 8 000|| 12 000||41.3||17.2||24.0||5.87||114
|-
| 2000–2005 || 22 000|| 9 000|| 12 000||38.4||16.3||22.1||5.64||111
|-
| 2005–2010 || 24 000|| 10 000|| 15 000||37.3||15.1||22.2||5.36||102
|-
|align="left" colspan="9" | * <small> CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)</small>
|}

===Demographic and Health Surveys===
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):<ref name="dhsprogram.com">{{cite web|url=http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR271/FR271.pdf|title=Encuesta Demográfi ca y de Salud (EDSGE-I) 2011|website=Dhsprogram.com|access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=2| Year
! colspan=2| Total
! colspan=2| Urban
! colspan=2| Rural
|-
! CBR !! TFR
! CBR !! TFR
! CBR !! TFR
|-
| 2011
| style="text-align:right;"| 36.3
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.1 (4.4)
| style="text-align:right;"| 36.5
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.4 (3.8)
| style="text-align:right;"| 36.0
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.9 (5.1)
|-
|}

Fertility data as of 2011 (DHS Program):<ref name="dhsprogram.com"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:100pt;"| Region
! style="width:100pt;"| Total fertility rate
! style="width:100pt;"| Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant
! style="width:100pt;"| Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49
|-
| Insular || 4.3 || 8.4 || 5.0
|-
| Continental || 5.4 || 9.2 || 6.0
|}

=== Life expectancy ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Period
!Life expectancy in <br /> Years<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|website=esa.un.org|access-date=2018-08-26}}</ref>
|-
|1950–1955
|34.48 
|-
|1955–1960
|{{increase}} 35.99 
|-
|1960–1965
|{{increase}} 37.49 
|-
|1965–1970
|{{increase}} 38.99 
|-
|1970–1975
|{{increase}} 40.50 
|-
|1975–1980
|{{increase}} 42.04 
|-
|1980–1985
|{{increase}} 45.54 
|-
|1985–1990
|{{increase}} 47.21 
|-
|1990–1995
|{{increase}} 49.35 
|-
|1995–2000
|{{increase}} 51.75 
|-
|2000–2005
|{{increase}} 53.57 
|-
|2005–2010
|{{increase}} 54.93 
|-
|2010–2015
|{{increase}} 56.84 
|}

== Ethnic groups ==
{{More citations|date=January 2025}}
{{bar box
|title=Ethnic groups in Equatorial Guinea<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/equatorial-guinea/|title= Africa :: EQUATORIAL GUINEA|publisher=CIA The World Factbook|access-date=7 November 2017}}</ref> 
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Fang people|Fang]]|Black|85.7}}
{{bar percent|[[Bubi people|Bubi]]|blue|6.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Ndowe people|Ndowe]] (Playeros)|Yellow|3.6}}
{{bar percent|[[Annobonese]]|cyan|1.6}}
{{bar percent|Other |orange|1.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Bujeba people|Bujeba]]|pink|1.1}}
}}
[[File:Equatorial Guinea's ethnic groups.png|thumb|400px|Map of ethnic groups.

1. [[Fernandinos|Fernandino]] (Malabo city and Luba)<br />
2. [[Bubi people|Bubi]] (Bioko Island)<br />
3. [[Igbo people|Igbo]] (far northwest)<br />
4. [[Baka people (Cameroon and Gabon)|Baka]] (Acot area)<br />
5. [[Kwasio people|Kwasio]]/Bujeba (Playeros)<br />
6. [[Benga people|Benga]] (Playeros)<br />
7. [[Gabon]]ese (Cocobeach City)<br />
8. [[Annobón Province|Annobonese]] (mixed Portuguese, Angolan, Spanish)<br />
9. [[Annobonese Creole]]s (Annobon Island)<br />
10. [[Fang people|Fang]]
]]

===Native ethnic groups=== <!--linked from [[Equatorial Guinea]]-->

The majority of the people of Equatorial Guinea are of Niger-Congo origin. The largest ethnic group, the [[Fang people|Fang]], are indigenous to the mainland, but substantial migration to [[Bioko Island]] has resulted in Fang dominance over the earlier Bubi inhabitants. The Fang constitute 80% of the population and are themselves divided into 67 clans. Those in the northern part of Rio Muni speak Fang-Ntumu, while those in the south speak Fang-Okah; the two dialects are [[mutually unintelligible]]. The [[Bubi people|Bubi]], who constitute 15% of the population, are indigenous to Bioko Island.{{CN|date=January 2025}}

In addition, there are coastal ethnic groups, collectively referred to as ''Ndowe'' or ''Playeros'' ("Beach People" in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]): [[Combe people|Combes]], [[Bujeba people|Bujebas]], [[Balengue people|Balengues]] and [[Benga people|Bengas]] on the mainland and small islands and a [[Fernandinos|Fernandino]] community of [[Sierra Leone Krio people|Krio]] descended people on Bioko. Together, these groups compose 5% of the population.{{CN|date=January 2025}}

Two small groups of [[Pygmy peoples|Pygmies]] also inhabit the country, the Beyele and the Bokuign,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.guinea-ecuatorial.info/historia.html |title=Guinea Ecuatorial |access-date=2011-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914023759/http://www.guinea-ecuatorial.info/historia.html |archive-date=2011-09-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the former being located in the [[Altos de Nsork National Park|Altos de Nsork]] region.<ref>[http://www.observatoire-comifac.net/docs/edf2006/EN/State_of_the_Forest_2006-03.pdf Monte Alén-Monts de Cristal Landscape: Ethnic groups] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202085630/http://www.observatoire-comifac.net/docs/edf2006/EN/State_of_the_Forest_2006-03.pdf |date=2016-02-02 }}. In: Observatoire des Fôrets de l'Afrique Centrale (2006). The Forests of the Congo Basin. The State of the Forest 2006, p. 117.</ref> Their population is dwindling, them being subjected to heavy pressure from their neighbours, who don't even consider them as human.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://foroguineoecuatorian.mforos.com/1385814/8717917-el-drama-de-los-pigmeos/|title=La página solicitada no existe – Foros|website=Foroguineoecuatorian.mforos.com|access-date=7 November 2017|archive-date=4 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204115307/http://foroguineoecuatorian.mforos.com/1385814/8717917-el-drama-de-los-pigmeos/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Recently immigrated peoples ===
Some Europeans (largely of [[Spanish people|Spanish]] or [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] descent) – among them mixed with African ethnicity – also live in the nation. Most Spaniards left after independence. There is a growing number of foreigners from neighboring [[Cameroon]], [[Nigeria]], and [[Gabon]]. Equatorial Guinea received [[Asians]] and black Africans from other countries as workers on [[Cocoa bean|cocoa]] and [[coffee]] plantations. In the late 20th century, Equatorial Guinea became home to more than 80,000 Hispanics from Mexico, Central America, and other Spanish speaking nations in the Americas. 17,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Equatorial-Guinea|title = Equatorial Guinea &#124; Culture, History, & People| date=11 March 2024 }}</ref> Spanish people and 5,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/849690/chinas-new-oil-supplier|title = China's New Oil Supplier|date = June 2008}}</ref> Chinese people also live in Equatorial Guinea. The non-Africans living in [[Equatorial Guinea]] represent almost 10% of the nation's total population. Other black Africans came from [[Liberia]], [[Angola]], and [[Mozambique]], and Asians are mostly [[Han Chinese|Chinese]] with small numbers of [[India]]ns. Equatorial Guinea also allowed many fortune-seeking European settlers of other nationalities, including [[British people|British]], [[French people|French]] and [[Germans]]. After independence, thousands of Equatorial Guineans went to Spain. Another 100,000 Equatorial Guineans went to Cameroon, Gabon, and Nigeria because of dictatorship of [[Francisco Macías Nguema]]. Some of its communities also live in [[Brazil]], [[United States]], [[Spain]], [[Colombia]], [[Mexico]], [[Argentina]], [[Peru]], Portugal, and [[France]].

== Languages ==
{{see also|Pichinglis}}
[[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[French language|French]] and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] are the [[official language]]s and spoken as second languages. Spanish is the language of education, and for this reason a majority of the population (about 88%) can speak it.<ref>[http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/anuario/anuario_06-07/pdf/paises_08.pdf Gloria Nistal Rosique: El caso del español en Guinea Ecuatorial] (in Spanish)</ref> Annobonese speak a [[Portuguese Creole]], named [[Annobonese language|Annobonese]], as their first language. Asian migrants and descendants of European settlers (mostly [[Spaniards]], [[Britons]] and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]) usually speak their ancestral languages along with Spanish. Other Africans usually speak their native languages and their nation's official languages – English and [[Igbo language|Igbo]]<ref>{{cite web|title=World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Equatorial Guinea : Overview |publisher=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR]] |date=20 May 2008 |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,MRGI,,GNQ,,4954ce2a2,0.html |access-date=2012-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Africa 2012 |first=James Tyler |last=Dickovick |publisher=Stryker Post |year=2012|isbn= 978-1-61048-882-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/africa20120000dick/page/180 180] |url=https://archive.org/details/africa20120000dick |url-access=registration |access-date=2012-12-18}}</ref> for [[Nigerians]]; English for [[Demographics of Cameroon|Cameroonians]] and [[Demographics of Liberia|Liberians]]; French for [[Demographics of Cameroon|Cameroonians]] and [[Languages of Gabon|Gabonese]]; and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] for [[Angola]]ns and [[Demographics of Mozambique|Mozambicans]]. The latter was made an official language since July 13, 2007. 82% of first foreign language learners choose the French language and 18% the [[English language]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asp.zone-secure.net/v2/index.jsp?id=7259%2F9906%2F54502 |title=Rapport OIF 2014 |access-date=2015-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402111111/http://asp.zone-secure.net/v2/index.jsp?id=7259%2F9906%2F54502 |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Roman Catholic Church]] has greatly influenced both religion and education.

===Languages of traditional names===
Equatoguineans tend to have both a Spanish first name and an African first and last name. When written, the Spanish and African first names are followed by the father's first name (which becomes the principal surname) and the mother's first name. Thus people may have up to four names, with a different surname for each generation.

==Religion==
:Roman Catholic 88%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2015 est.)
:Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2010 est.)<ref name=PEW10>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/table-christian-population-as-percentages-of-total-population-by-country|title=PEW Research Center: Christian Population as Percentages of Total Population by Country 2010|date=19 December 2011|access-date=13 October 2015}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Equatorial Guinea]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{CIA World Factbook|year=2006}}

==External links==
*{{Commons-inline}}

{{Equatorial Guinea topics}}
{{Ethnic groups in Equatorial Guinea}}
{{Africa in topic|Demographics of}}

[[Category:Demographics of Equatorial Guinea| ]]