View source for Derry

{{short description|City in Northern Ireland}}
{{Redirect|Londonderry|the county|County Londonderry||Derry (disambiguation)|and|Londonderry (disambiguation)}}
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{{Use Hiberno-English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
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<!--NOTE TO EDITORS: THE AGREED COMPROMISE FOR THE DERRY/LONDONDERRY NAMING DISPUTE IS THAT THIS CITY PAGE SHALL BE TITLED "DERRY" AND THE COUNTY PAGE SHALL BE TITLED "COUNTY LONDONDERRY". (See [[WP:DERRY]])-->
{{Infobox UK place
 | official_name            = Derry / Londonderry
 | irish_name               = Doire / Doire Cholmcille
 | scots_name               = Derrie<ref name="Tha Yeir o Grace">{{cite journal |last1=Smyth |first1=Anne |title=Tha Yeir o Grace |journal=Ullans |issue=Nummer 11 Ware 2010 |url=http://www.ulsterscotsacademy.com/ullans/11/tha-yeir-o-grace.php |access-date=22 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622140102/http://www.ulsterscotsacademy.com/ullans/11/tha-yeir-o-grace.php |archive-date=22 June 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> / Lunnonderrie<ref name=Lunnonderrieref1>{{cite book |title=Annual Report and Accounts for the period ended 31 December 2000 |date=2001 |publisher=[[The North/South Language Body]] |url=http://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Annual-Report-%E2%80%93-The-Language-Body-2000.pdf |access-date=22 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206111141/http://www.forasnagaeilge.ie/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Annual-Report-%E2%80%93-The-Language-Body-2000.pdf |archive-date=6 December 2017 |url-status=live |isbn=010293133X}}</ref><ref name="CSmith">{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Clifford |title=Ulster's Hiddlin Swaatch |url=http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/article/1410/ulster-s-hiddlin-swaatch |work=Culture Northern Ireland |publisher=[[Nerve Centre (organisation)|Nerve Centre]] |access-date=22 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622164601/http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/article/1410/ulster-s-hiddlin-swaatch |archive-date=22 June 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
 | local_name               = ''Maiden City''
 | static_image_name        = DerryMontage3.JPG
 | static_image_caption     = From top, left to right: [[Austins (department store)|Austin's Department Store]], Derry's Walls, [[Free Derry Corner]], [[Peace Bridge (Foyle)|Peace Bridge]] across the [[River Foyle]], a view of Derry at night, [[Diamond War Memorial]], 'Hands Across the Divide' sculpture
 | static_image_2_name      = Londonderry COA.svg
 | static_image_2_width     = 100
 | static_image_2_caption   = {{lang|la|Vita Veritas Victoria}}<br />"Life, Truth, Victory"<br />(Adapted from a decoration on the [[Craigavon Bridge]])
 | coordinates              = {{coord|54|59|51|N|07|19|12|W|display=inline,title}}
 | label_position           = none
 | belfast_distance         = 
 | population               = 
 | population_ref           = {{plainlist|2021 Census}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Census 2011 Population Statistics for Derry City Settlement |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/data?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=UR_SEX&%7ESETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |work=NISRA |access-date=16 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Census 2011 Population Statistics for Derry City Settlement |url=https://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/AreaProfileReportViewer.aspx?FromAPAddressMulipleRecords=Derry%20City@Partial%20match%20of%20location%20name:%20@Partial%20Match%20Of%20Location%20Name:%20%20Derry%20City@23? |work=NISRA |access-date=29 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About The City |url=https://www.cciderry-londonderry.com/about-the-city/ |work=City Centre Initiative |access-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>
* Derry: 85,279 (2021)
* [[Derry Urban Area|Urban]]: 105,066 (2011)
* [[Metropolitan area|Metro]]: 237,000 (2011)
 | irish_grid_reference     = C434166
 | unitary_northern_ireland = [[Derry and Strabane District Council]]
 | country                  = Northern Ireland
 | post_town                = LONDONDERRY<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.evoxfacilities.co.uk/evoxptn.html |title=PostTowns by UK Postcode Area: 2007 information |location=Reigate, Surrey |publisher=Evox Facilities |date=2007 |access-date=28 August 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723184336/http://www.evoxfacilities.co.uk/evoxptn.html |archive-date=23 July 2008}}</ref>
 | postcode_area            = BT
 | postcode_district        = BT47, BT48
 | dial_code                = 028<!-- Yes, that's right. Just 028. [http://www.ofcom.org.uk/consumer/2009/09/telephone-area-codes-tool/] [http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/oftel/publications/1999/consumer/qanum999.htm] [[UK telephone code misconceptions]] -->
 | constituency_westminster = [[Foyle (UK Parliament constituency)|Foyle]]
 | constituency_ni_assembly = [[Foyle (Assembly constituency)|Foyle]]
 | lieutenancy_northern_ireland= [[County Londonderry]]
 | website                  = 
}}

'''Derry''',{{Efn|{{langx|ga|Doire}} {{IPA|ga|ˈd̪ˠɪɾʲə||}} or {{lang|ga|Doire Cholmcille}}; {{langx|sco|Derrie}}<ref name="Tha Yeir o Grace" />}} officially '''Londonderry''',{{efn|English pronunciation: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ʌ|n|d|ən|d|ɛr|i}}; {{langx|sco|Lunnonderrie}}<ref name="Lunnonderrieref1" /><ref name="CSmith" />}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/londonderry?showCookiePolicy=true |title=Londonderry |access-date=4 April 2018 |work=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404201505/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/londonderry?showCookiePolicy=true |archive-date=4 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> is the second-largest [[City status in the United Kingdom|city]] in [[Northern Ireland]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/breathingplaces/cities/lderry/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20071021082303/http://www.bbc.co.uk/breathingplaces/cities/lderry/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 October 2007 |title=Derry/Londonderry |work=Breathing Places |publisher=BBC |access-date=28 August 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/research/cm/cm07/nireland/ni2.pdf |title=The Communications Market 2007 |page=14 |work=Ofcom.org.uk |publisher=[[Office of Communications]] |access-date=28 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626114418/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/research/cm/cm07/nireland/ni2.pdf |archive-date=26 June 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and the fifth-largest on the island of [[Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/economicdevelopment/business.asp |title=Regional City – Knowledge Corridor |date=2008 |publisher=[[Derry City Council]] |access-date=1 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329101654/http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/economicdevelopment/business.asp |archive-date=29 March 2010}}</ref> Located in [[County Londonderry]], the city now covers both banks of the [[River Foyle]]. Cityside and the old [[walled city]] being on the west bank and [[Waterside, Derry|Waterside]] on the east, with two road bridges and one footbridge crossing the river in-between.

The population of the city was 85,279 in the 2021 census,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/data?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=UR_SEX&%7ESETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |title=Get data for Sex (MS-A07) &#124; NISRA Flexible Table Builder |date=2023 |work=Build or find Census 2021 tables |publisher=[[Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency]] |access-date=9 December 2023}}</ref> while the [[Derry Urban Area]] had a population of 105,066 in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/AreaProfileReportViewer.aspx?FromAPAddressMulipleRecords=Derry%20City@Partial%20match%20of%20location%20name:%20@Partial%20Match%20Of%20Location%20Name:%20%20Derry%20City@23? |title=Census 2011 Population Statistics for Derry City Settlement |date=2022 |work=NINIS: Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service |publisher=[[Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency]] |access-date=12 November 2023}}</ref> The district administered by Derry City and Strabane District Council contains both [[Londonderry Port]] and [[City of Derry Airport]]. Derry is close to the [[Irish border|border]] with [[County Donegal]], with which it has had a close link for many centuries. The person traditionally seen as the founder of the original Derry is Saint {{lang|ga|[[Columba|Colmcille]]|italic=unset}}, a holy man from {{lang|ga|[[Tír Chonaill]]|italic=unset}}, the old name for almost all of modern County Donegal, of which the west bank of the Foyle was a part before 1610.<ref name="Lacy 1983 p. 1">{{cite book |first=Brian |last=Lacy |title=Archaeological Survey of County Donegal |page=1 |publisher=[[Donegal County Council]] |location=Lifford |date=1983}}</ref>

In 2013, Derry was the inaugural [[UK City of Culture]], having been awarded the title in 2010.<ref name="Derry wins City of Culture">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-10653989 |title=Londonderry named the UK City of Culture |publisher=BBC News |access-date=15 July 2010 |date=15 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910160818/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-10653989 |archive-date=10 September 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DCS – UK City of Culture">{{cite web |url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/6256.aspx |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100512152140/http://www.culture.gov.uk/reference_library/media_releases/6256.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 May 2010 |title=The race is on to find UK's first 'City of Culture' for 2013 |last=Palmer |first=Robert |publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]] |access-date=15 July 2010}}</ref>

==Name==
{{Main|Derry/Londonderry name dispute}}

[[File:Vandalised road-sign Londonderry P3010060.jpg|thumb|left|Road sign in Northern Ireland with the reference to ''London'' obscured]]
[[File:Derry Stranorlar N13 roadsign cropped.JPG|thumb|left|Road signs in the [[Republic of Ireland]] use ''Derry'' and the Irish {{lang|ga|Doire}}.]]

Despite the official name, the city is commonly known as ''Derry'',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kockel |first=U. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zR3uCwAAQBAJ |title=Re-Visioning Europe: Frontiers, Place Identities and Journeys in Debatable Lands |date=28 July 2010 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |isbn=978-0-230-28298-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.derryjournal.com/news/local/what-s-in-a-name-1-2141016 |title=What's in a name? |date=2 October 2009 |work=[[Derry Journal]] |access-date=1 December 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121091224/http://www.derryjournal.com/news/local/what-s-in-a-name-1-2141016 |archive-date=21 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> which is an [[anglicisation]] of the Irish {{lang|sga|Daire}} or {{lang|ga|Doire}}, which translates as '[[oak]]-grove/oak-wood'. The name derives from the settlement's earliest references, {{lang|sga|Daire Calgaich}} ('oak-grove of Calgach').<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/irish/blas/education/beginnersblas/3derry.shtml |title=Beginners' BLAS 3: Logainmneacha/Placenames |work=Education/Oideachas |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=14 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626185412/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/irish/blas/education/beginnersblas/3derry.shtml |archive-date=26 June 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Hugh |last=Forde |title=Sketches of Olden Days in Northern Ireland |date=1923 |location=Belfast |publisher=M'Caw, Stevenson & Orr / Linenhall Press |via=LibraryIreland |url=http://www.libraryireland.com/sketches/toc.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208010010/http://www.libraryireland.com/sketches/toc.php |archive-date=8 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Anthony David |last=Mills |title=A Dictionary of British Place-Names |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=br8xcW1f_a8C&pg=PT430 |access-date=27 June 2012 |date=6 November 2003 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-852758-9 |pages=430 ''ff.'' |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618011434/http://books.google.com/books?id=br8xcW1f_a8C&pg=PT430 |archive-date=18 June 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The name was changed from Derry in 1613 during the [[Plantation of Ulster]] to reflect the establishment of the city by the [[City of London|London]] [[livery company|guilds]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.collectbritain.co.uk/dlo.cfm/19thphotobooks/006ZZZ001782A19U00012000.htm |title=Londonderry |last=Hudson |first=John |publisher=[[British Library]] |access-date=29 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016183941/http://collectbritain.co.uk/dlo.cfm/19thphotobooks/006ZZZ001782A19U00012000.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="Curl">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/plantation/companies/londoncompanies_full.rtf |title=The City of London and the Plantation of Ulster |last=Curl |first=James Stevens |date=2001 |publisher=[[BBC Online|BBCi]] History Online |work=Wars & Conflict: The Plantation of Ulster |access-date=10 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913111753/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/plantation/companies/londoncompanies_full.rtf |archive-date=13 September 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

''Derry'' has been used in the names of the [[local government in Northern Ireland|local government district and council]] since 1984, when the council changed its name from ''Londonderry City Council'' to ''Derry City Council''.<ref name="bbc-2006-court">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/6213890.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=City name row lands in High Court |date=6 December 2006 |access-date=1 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407070039/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/6213890.stm |archive-date=7 April 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> This also changed the name of the district, which had been created in 1973 and included both the city and surrounding rural areas. In the [[reform of local government in Northern Ireland|2015 local government reform]], the district was merged with the Strabane district to form the [[Derry City and Strabane]] district, with the councils likewise merged.

According to the city's [[royal charter]] of 10 April 1662, the official name is ''Londonderry''. This was reaffirmed in a [[Derry City Council, Re Application for Judicial Review|High Court decision in 2007]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/markup.cgi?doc=/nie/cases/NIHC/QB/2007/5.html&query=title+(+Derry+)&method=boolean |title=Derry City Council, Re Application for Judicial Review [2007] NIQB 5 |date=25 January 2007 |publisher=[[Derry City Council]] |via=British and Irish Legal Information Institute |access-date=28 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903221802/http://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/markup.cgi?doc=%2Fnie%2Fcases%2FNIHC%2FQB%2F2007%2F5.html&query=title+%28+Derry+%29&method=boolean |archive-date=3 September 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/6297907.stm |title=Stroke City to remain Londonderry |date=25 January 2007 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=28 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211173823/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/6297907.stm |archive-date=11 February 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The 2007 court case arose because Derry City Council wanted clarification on whether the 1984 name change of the council and district had changed the official name of the city and what the procedure would be to effect a name change.<ref name="bbc-2006-court" /> The court clarified that Londonderry remained the official name and that the correct procedure to change the name would be via a petition to the [[Privy Council]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/Press%20Releases/250107-name.htm |title=Derry City Council – High Court Provides Clarification on City's Name |work=DerryCity.gov.uk |publisher=[[Derry City Council]] |date=25 January 2007 |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602043321/http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/Press%20Releases/250107-name.htm |archive-date=2 June 2008}}</ref> Derry City Council afterwards began this process and was involved in conducting an [[Derry-Londonderry name dispute#Equality impact assessment|equality impact assessment report]] (EQIA).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/equality-current.htm |title=Equality: Equality Impact Assessments – Current Consultation |date=2008 |work=DerryCity.gov.uk |publisher=[[Derry City Council]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202173814/http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/equality-current.htm |archive-date=2 December 2008}}</ref> Firstly it held an opinion poll of district residents in 2009, which reported that 75% of Catholics and 77% of Nationalists found the proposed change acceptable, compared to 6% of Protestants and 8% of Unionists.<ref>Draft EQIA, Appendix pp.91–2</ref> The EQIA then held two consultative forums and solicited comments from the general public on whether or not the city should have its name changed to Derry.<ref name="TCR" /> A total of 12,136 comments were received, of which 3,108 were broadly in favour of the proposal, and 9,028 opposed it.<ref name="TCR">{{cite web |url=http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/Agenda/downloads/special/tcr.doc |title=Report of Town Clerk and Chief Executive to Special Council Meeting |last=McMahon |first=Damien |date=26 February 2010 |work=DerryCity.gov.uk |publisher=[[Derry City Council]] |access-date=1 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710022228/http://derrycity.gov.uk/Agenda/downloads/special/tcr.doc |archive-date=10 July 2007}}</ref> On 23 July 2015, the council voted in favour of a motion to change the official name of the city to Derry and to write to [[Mark H. Durkan]], the Northern Irish [[Department of the Environment (Northern Ireland)|Minister for the Environment]], to ask how the change could be effected.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.derryjournal.com/news/new-derry-name-bid-disgusting-claim-dup-1-6867330 |title=New 'Derry' name bid 'disgusting', claim DUP |first=Brendan |last=McDaid |work=Derry Journal |date=24 July 2015 |access-date=24 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725015414/http://www.derryjournal.com/news/new-derry-name-bid-disgusting-claim-dup-1-6867330 |archive-date=25 July 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The name ''Derry'' is preferred by [[Irish nationalism|nationalists]] and it is broadly used throughout Northern Ireland's Catholic community,<ref name="CainName">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/segregat/temple/discus1.htm |title=Aspects of Sectarian Division in Derry Londonderry&nbsp;&nbsp;– First public discussion: The Name of this City? |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210182020/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/segregat/temple/discus1.htm |archive-date=10 February 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> as well as that of the Republic of Ireland, whereas many [[Unionists (Ireland)|unionists]] prefer ''Londonderry'';<ref name="Kuusisto-Arponen">{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.0435-3684.2001.00100.x |last=Kuusisto-Arponen |first=Anna-Kaisa |date=2001 |title=The end of violence and introduction of 'real' politics: Tensions in peaceful Northern Ireland |journal=Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography |volume=83 |issue=3 |pages=121–130 |jstor=491073 |s2cid=145347509}}</ref> however, in everyday conversation ''Derry'' is used by most Protestant residents of the city.<ref>{{cite book |title=War Zone Language: Linguistic Aspects of the Conflict in Northern Ireland |first=Cordula |last=Hawes-Bilger |date=19 December 2023 |publisher=Lehmanns Media |isbn=978-3-7720-8200-9 |page=100}}</ref> Linguist Kevin McCafferty argues that "It is not, strictly speaking, correct that Northern Ireland Catholics call it Derry, while Protestants use the Londonderry form, although this pattern has become more common locally since the mid-1980s, when the city council changed its name by dropping the prefix". In McCafferty's survey of language use in the city, "only very few interviewees—all Protestants—use the official form".<ref name="McCafferty">{{cite book |title=Ethnicity and Language Change: English in (London)Derry, Northern Ireland |first=Kevin |last=McCafferty |location=Amsterdam |publisher=[[John Benjamins]] |date=2001 |page=6 |isbn=9781588110022}}</ref>

[[File:Graffiti in Derry in the 1920.jpg|thumb|left|Unionist graffiti {{circa|1920}} showing the short version of the name.]]

Apart from the name of the local council, the city is usually<ref name="CainName" /> known as ''Londonderry'' in official use within the UK. In the Republic of Ireland, the city and county are almost always referred to as ''Derry'', on maps, in the media and in conversation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishrail.ie/images/maps/intercity_map.gif |title=Irish Rail network showing 'Derry' |access-date=29 July 2009 |publisher=[[Iarnród Éireann]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118043852/http://www.irishrail.ie//images/maps/intercity_map.gif |archive-date=18 November 2008}}</ref> In April 2009, however, the Republic of Ireland's Minister for Foreign Affairs, [[Micheál Martin]], announced that Irish passport holders who were born there could record either ''Derry'' or ''Londonderry'' as their place of birth.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carroll |first1=Stephen |title=Derry-born can choose city's name on passport |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2009/0409/1224244287427.html |access-date=23 July 2015 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013130638/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2009/0409/1224244287427.html |archive-date=13 October 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Whereas official road signs in the Republic use the name ''Derry'', those in Northern Ireland bear ''Londonderry'' (sometimes abbreviated to ''L'derry''), although some of these have been defaced with the reference to London obscured.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Davenport |first1=Fionn |last2=Beech |first2=Charlotte |last3=Downs |first3=Tom |last4=Hannigan |first4=Des |last5=Parnell |first5=Fran |last6=Wilson |first6=Neil |title=Ireland |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |location=London |date=2006 |edition=7th |page=[https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetirel00fion/page/625 625] |url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetirel00fion |via=Internet Archive |url-access=registration |quote=Derry name republic. |isbn=978-1-74059-968-9}}</ref> Usage varies among local organisations, with both names being used. Examples are [[City of Derry Airport]], [[City of Derry Rugby Club]], [[Derry City FC]] and the Protestant [[Apprentice Boys of Derry]], as opposed to [[Londonderry Port]], Londonderry YMCA Rugby Club and Londonderry Chamber of Commerce.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.londonderrychamber.co.uk/ |title=Londonderry Chamber of Commerce |work=LondonderryChamber.co.uk |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619114114/http://www.londonderrychamber.co.uk/ |archive-date=19 June 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> The bishopric has always remained that of Derry, both in the (Protestant, formerly-established) [[Church of Ireland]] (now combined with the bishopric of Raphoe) and in the Roman Catholic Church. Most companies within the city choose local area names such as Pennyburn, Rosemount or ''Foyle'' from the [[River Foyle]] to avoid alienating the other community. [[Derry ~ Londonderry railway station|Derry~Londonderry railway station]] is often referred to as Waterside railway station within the city, but is called Derry/Londonderry at other stations. The council changed the name of the local government district covering the city to Derry on 7 May 1984, consequently renaming itself Derry City Council.<ref>Change of District Name (Derry) Order 1984</ref> This did not change the name of the city, although the city is coterminous with the district, and in law the city council is also the ''Corporation of Londonderry'' or, more formally, the ''Mayor, Aldermen and Citizens of the City of Londonderry''.<ref>Sections 7, 8 and 132 of the Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 (Eliz II 20 & 21 c.9)</ref> The form ''Londonderry'' is used for the [[post town]] by the [[Royal Mail]];<ref name="McCafferty" /> however, use of ''Derry'' will still ensure delivery.

The city is also nicknamed "the Maiden City" by virtue of the fact that its walls were never breached despite being besieged on three separate occasions in the 17th century, the most notable being the [[Siege of Derry]] of 1688–1689.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.discovernorthernireland.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1588 |title=The Walled City Experience |publisher=[[Tourism Northern Ireland]] |access-date=4 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420182750/http://www.discovernorthernireland.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1588 |archive-date=20 April 2008}}</ref> It was also nicknamed "[[Slash (punctuation)|Stroke]] City" by local broadcaster [[Gerry Anderson (broadcaster)|Gerry Anderson]], owing to the politically correct use by some of the dual name ''Derry/Londonderry''<ref name="CainName" /> (which has itself been used by [[BBC Television]]).<ref>''[[The One Show]]'', [[BBC1]], 15 July 2010</ref> A later addition to the landscape has been the erection of several large stone columns on main roads into the city welcoming drivers, euphemistically, to 'the Walled City'.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visitderry.com/ |title=Welcome to the Walled City |work=Visit Derry |access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref>

''Derry'' is a common place name in Ireland, with at least six towns bearing that name and at least a further 79 places. The word ''Derry'' often forms part of the place name, for example, Derrybeg, Derryboy, Derrylea and Derrymore.

[[Londonderry, Yorkshire]], near the [[Yorkshire Dales]], was named for the [[Marquess of Londonderry|Marquesses of Londonderry]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lloyd |first1=Chris |title=It's a long way to Londonderry... |url=http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/history/13383194.It_s_a_long_way_to_Londonderry___/ |access-date=17 January 2016 |work=The Northern Echo |date=10 July 2015 |archive-date=19 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919175534/http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/history/13383194.It_s_a_long_way_to_Londonderry___/ |url-status=live}}</ref> as is [[Londonderry Island]] off [[Tierra del Fuego]] in Chile.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bangorhistoricalsocietyni.org/DATABASE/ARTICLES/articles/000026/002667.shtml |first=Ellen |last=Elder |title=Northern Ireland and Tierra del Fuego |date=9 January 2017 |location=County Down |publisher=Bangor Historical Society |access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref> In the United States, twin towns in [[New Hampshire]] called [[Derry, New Hampshire|Derry]] and [[Londonderry, New Hampshire|Londonderry]] lie about 75 miles from [[Londonderry, Vermont]], with additional namesakes in [[Derry, Pennsylvania]], [[Londonderry, Guernsey County, Ohio|Londonderry, Ohio]], and in Canada [[Londonderry, Nova Scotia]] and [[Londonderry, Edmonton, Alberta]]. There is also [[Londonderry, New South Wales]] and the associated [[Electoral district of Londonderry|Londonderry electorate]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Londonderry |publisher=[[New South Wales Electoral Commission]] |url=https://www.elections.nsw.gov.au/District-profiles/Londonderry |access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref>

==City walls==
{{main|Derry city walls}}
{{anchor|Walls}}<!-- [[Derry walls]] and [[Walls of Derry]] redirect here-->
[[File:Cannon on Derry City Walls SMC 2007.jpg|thumb|right|A portion of the city walls of Derry]]
[[File:Bishops Street Gate Derry SMC 2007.jpg|thumb|right|Bishops Street Gate]]
Derry is the only remaining city in Ireland with completely intact city walls, some of the finest in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brilliantireland.com/products/inc_productdetails.cfm/product_key/46 |title=Web Development Belfast &#124; Web solutions Ireland &#124; Biznet IIS Northern Ireland |work=BrilliantIreland.com |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821103657/http://www.brilliantireland.com//products/inc_productdetails.cfm/product_key/46 |archive-date=21 August 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roughguides.com/website/Travel/Destination/content/default.aspx?titleid=160&xid=idh168000912_0583 |title=Antrim and Derry |work=RoughGuides.com |publisher=[[Rough Guides]] |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722050711/http://www.roughguides.com/website/Travel/Destination/content/default.aspx?titleid=160&xid=idh168000912_0583 |archive-date=22 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irelandwide.com/regional/ulster/county_derry/index.htm |title=County Derry, Northern Ireland – Londonderry |work=IrelandWide.com |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924101014/http://irelandwide.com/regional/ulster/county_derry/index.htm |archive-date=24 September 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> The walls constitute the largest monument in State care in Northern Ireland and, as part of the last walled city to be built in Europe, stand as the most complete and spectacular.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ni-environment.gov.uk/derry-lowres.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422124531/http://www.ni-environment.gov.uk/derry-lowres.pdf |archive-date=22 April 2012 |url-status=live |title=Derry City Walls Conservation Plan. pdf doc. p19}}</ref>

The Walls were built in 1613–1619 by [[The Honourable The Irish Society]] as defences for early 17th-century settlers from England and Scotland. The Walls, which are approximately {{convert|1|mi|km|round=0.5|abbr=off|spell=in}} in circumference and which vary in height and width between {{convert|12|and|35|ft|m|abbr=off|order=flip}}, are completely intact and form a walkway around the inner city. They provide a unique promenade to view the layout of the original town which still preserves its Renaissance-style street plan. The four original gates to the Walled City are Bishop's Gate, Ferryquay Gate, Butcher Gate and Shipquay Gate. Three further gates were added later, Magazine Gate, Castle Gate and New Gate, making seven gates in total. The architect was [[Peter Benson (architect)|Peter Benson]], a London-born builder, who was rewarded with several grants of land.

It is one of the few cities in Europe that never saw its fortifications breached, withstanding several sieges, including the famous [[Siege of Derry]] in 1689 which lasted 105 days; hence the city's nickname, ''The Maiden City''.<ref>[http://www.discovernorthernireland.com/Historic-Walls-of-Derry-Londonderry-Derry-P7097 Historic Walls of Derry] {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140927112632/http://www.discovernorthernireland.com/Historic-Walls-of-Derry-Londonderry-Derry-P7097 |date=27 September 2014}} Discover Northern Ireland website</ref>

==History==
{{Main|History of Derry}}
[[File:St Columb's Cathedral.jpg|thumb|left|[[St Columb's Cathedral]]]]

===Early history===
Derry is one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in Ireland.<ref name="Lacey">{{cite book |last=Lacey |first=Brian |title=Discover Derry |publisher=[[The O'Brien Press]] |location=Dublin |series="City Guides" series |date=1999 |isbn=978-0-86278-596-3}}</ref> The earliest historical references date to the 6th century when a [[monastery]] was founded there by St [[Columba]] or Colmcille, a famous saint from what is now [[County Donegal]], but for thousands of years before that people had been living in the vicinity.

Before leaving Ireland to spread Christianity elsewhere, Colmcille founded a monastery at Derry (which was then called {{lang|ga|Doire Calgach}}), on the west bank of the Foyle. According to oral and documented history, the site was granted to Colmcille by a local king.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geographia.com/norThern-ireland/ukider01.htm |title=History of Derry |access-date=13 February 2010 |work=Geographia.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326160203/http://www.geographia.com/norThern-ireland/ukider01.htm |archive-date=26 March 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The monastery then remained in the hands of the federation of Columban churches who regarded Colmcille as their spiritual mentor. The year 546 is often referred to as the date that the original settlement was founded. However, it is now accepted by historians that this was an erroneous date assigned by medieval chroniclers.<ref name="Lacey" /> It is accepted that between the 6th century and the 11th century, Derry was known primarily as a monastic settlement.<ref name="Lacey" />

The town became strategically more significant during the [[Tudor conquest of Ireland]] and came under frequent attack. During [[O'Doherty's Rebellion]] in 1608 it was attacked by Sir [[Cahir O'Doherty]], Irish chieftain of [[Inishowen]], who [[Burning of Derry|burnt much of the town]] and killed the governor [[George Paulet (1553–1608)|George Paulet]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/focus/earls/theflight/flight3.html |title=King ponders plantation |access-date=13 February 2010 |newspaper=The Irish Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026145907/http://www.irishtimes.com/focus/earls/theflight/flight3.html |archive-date=26 October 2010}}</ref> The soldier and statesman [[Henry Docwra, 1st Baron Docwra of Culmore|Sir Henry Docwra]] made vigorous efforts to develop the town, earning the reputation of being "the founder of Derry"; but he was accused of failing to prevent the O'Doherty attack and returned to England.

===Plantation===
What became the City of Derry was part of the relatively new [[County Donegal]] up until 1610.<ref name="Lacy 1983 p. 1" /> In that year, the west bank of the future city was transferred by the [[English Crown]] to [[The Honourable The Irish Society]]<ref name="Lacy 1983 p. 1" /> and was combined with [[County Coleraine]], part of [[County Antrim]] and a large portion of [[County Tyrone]] to form [[County Londonderry]]. Planters organised by London [[livery companies]] through The Honourable The Irish Society arrived in the 17th century as part of the [[Plantation of Ulster]] and rebuilt the town with high walls to defend it from Irish insurgents who opposed the plantation. The aim was to settle Ulster with a population supportive of the Crown.<ref name="Curl" /> It was then renamed "Londonderry".

This city was the first [[planned city]] in Ireland: it was begun in 1613, with the walls being completed in 1619, at a cost of £10,757.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derryswalls.com/hist-walls-constructed.html |title=Walls Constructed |access-date=23 July 2012 |date=2008 |work=Derry's Walls |publisher=Guildhall Press / [[Derry City Council]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224131028/http://www.derryswalls.com/hist-walls-constructed.html |archive-date=24 February 2012}}</ref> The central diamond within a walled city with four gates was thought to be a good design for defence. The grid pattern chosen was subsequently much copied in the colonies of British North America.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://worldfacts.us/UK-Londonderry.htm |title=Londonderry |date=2005 |work=WorldFacts.us |access-date=5 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925103244/http://worldfacts.us/UK-Londonderry.htm |archive-date=25 September 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref> The charter initially defined the city as extending three [[Irish mile]]s (about 6.1&nbsp;km) from the centre.

The modern city preserves the 17th-century layout of four main streets radiating from a central Diamond to four gateways&nbsp;&nbsp;– Bishop's Gate, Ferryquay Gate, Shipquay Gate and Butcher's Gate. The city's oldest surviving building was also constructed at this time: the 1633 Plantation Gothic [[St Columb's Cathedral|cathedral of St Columb]]. In the porch of the cathedral is a stone that records completion with the inscription: "If stones could speake, then London's prayse should sound, Who built this church and cittie from the grounde."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stcolumbscathedral.org/History.htm |title=Brief History of St Columb's Cathedral Londonderry |access-date=13 February 2010 |work=StColumbsCathedral.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104025334/http://www.stcolumbscathedral.org/history.htm |archive-date=4 January 2009}}</ref>

===17th-century upheavals===
During the 1640s, the city suffered in the [[Wars of the Three Kingdoms]], which began with the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]], when the Gaelic Irish insurgents made a failed attack on the city. In 1649 the city and its garrison, which supported the republican [[Parliament of England|Parliament]] in London, were besieged by Scottish [[Presbyterian]] forces loyal to King [[Charles I of England|Charles I]]. The Parliamentarians besieged in Derry were relieved by a strange alliance of [[Roundhead]] troops under [[George Monck]] and the Irish Catholic general [[Owen Roe O'Neill]]. These temporary allies were soon fighting each other again however, after the landing in Ireland of the [[New Model Army]] in 1649. The war in Ulster was finally brought to an end when the Parliamentarians crushed the Irish Catholic Ulster army at the [[Battle of Scarrifholis]], near [[Letterkenny]] in nearby [[County Donegal]], in 1650.

During the [[Glorious Revolution]], only Derry and nearby [[Enniskillen]] had a Protestant garrison by November 1688. An army of around 1,200 men, mostly "''Redshanks''" ([[Scottish Highlands|Highlanders]]), under [[Alexander MacDonnell, 3rd Earl of Antrim]], was slowly organised (they set out on the week William of Orange landed in England). When they arrived on 7 December 1688 the gates were closed against them and the [[Siege of Derry]] began. In April 1689, King James came to the city and summoned it to surrender. The King was rebuffed and the siege lasted until the end of July with the arrival of a relief ship.

===18th and 19th centuries===
[[File:1837Londonderry.jpg|thumb|upright|Map of County Londonderry, 1837]]
The city was rebuilt in the 18th century with many of its fine [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] style houses still surviving. The city's first bridge across the River Foyle was built in 1790. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the port became an important embarkation point for Irish emigrants setting out for North America.

Also during the 19th century, it became a destination for migrants fleeing areas more severely affected by the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]].<ref name="Johnson">{{cite journal |title=The population of Londonderry during the Great Irish Famine |journal=The Economic History Review |last=Johnson |first=James H. |date=1957 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=273–285 |doi=10.2307/2590863 |jstor=2590863}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Derry Beyond the Walls: Social and Economic Aspects on the Growth of Derry 1825–1850 |page=67 |first=John |last=Hume |author-link=John Hume |date=2002 |publisher=Ulster Historical Foundation |isbn=9781903688243}}</ref> One of the most notable shipping lines was the [[McCorkell Line]] operated by Wm. McCorkell & Co. Ltd. from 1778.<ref name="McCorkell">{{cite web |last=McCorkell |first=John |title=McCorkell Line: 1778–1897 |work=McCorkellLine.com |date=2001 |url=http://www.mccorkellline.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904194327/http://www.mccorkellline.com/ |archive-date=4 September 2010}}</ref> The McCorkell's most famous ship was the ''Minnehaha'', which was known as the "Green Yacht from Derry".<ref name="McCorkell" />

===Early 20th century===

====World War I====
During [[World War I]], the city contributed over 5,000 men to the [[British Army]] from Catholic and Protestant families.

====Partition====
[[File:War memorial Derry 2007 SMC.jpg|thumb|upright|The war memorial in The Diamond, erected 1927<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.localhistories.org/derry.html |title=A Brief History of Derry |last=Lambert |first=Tim |work=LocalHistories.org |access-date=28 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406171411/http://www.localhistories.org/derry.html |archive-date=6 April 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
During the [[Irish War of Independence]], the area was rocked by sectarian violence, partly prompted by the guerilla war raging between the [[Irish Republican Army (1917–22)|Irish Republican Army]] and British forces, but also influenced by economic and social pressures. By mid-1920 there was severe sectarian rioting in the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2009/0624/1224249415663.html |title=June 24th, 1920: Pitched battles on the streets of Derry |access-date=13 February 2010 |last=Joyce |first=Joe |date=24 June 2009 |newspaper=The Irish Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009054622/http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/opinion/2009/0624/1224249415663.html |archive-date=9 October 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://saoirse.21.forumer.com/viewtopic.php?t=2326 |title=This is a chronology of Irish War of Independence |access-date=13 February 2010 |work=Saoirse.21.Forumer.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303110930/http://saoirse.21.forumer.com/viewtopic.php?t=2326 |archive-date=3 March 2012}}</ref> Many people died and in addition, many Catholics and Protestants were expelled from their homes during this communal unrest. After a week's violence, a truce was negotiated by local politicians on both unionist and republican sides. (See: [[The Troubles in Ulster (1920–1922)]]).

In 1921, following the [[Anglo-Irish Treaty]] and the [[Partition of Ireland]], it unexpectedly became a 'border city', separated from much of its traditional economic hinterland in [[County Donegal]].

====World War II====
During [[World War II]], the city played an important part in the [[Battle of the Atlantic]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derryjournal.com/news/local/derry-was-best-kept-secret-in-battle-of-the-atlantic-1-2130529 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121113146/http://www.derryjournal.com/news/local/derry-was-best-kept-secret-in-battle-of-the-atlantic-1-2130529 |archive-date=21 January 2013 |title=Derry was 'best kept secret' in Battle of the Atlantic |access-date=2 March 2022 |last=Cullen |first=Ian |date=13 October 2008 |work=[[Derry Journal]] |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ships from the [[Royal Navy]], the [[Royal Canadian Navy]] and other Allied navies were stationed in the city and the United States military established a base. Over 20,000 [[Royal Navy]], 10,000 [[Royal Canadian Navy]] and 6,000 [[United States Navy]] personnel were stationed in the city during the war.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/radiofoyle/peoples_war/context.shtml |title=Derry in the Second World War |work=People's War |publisher=[[BBC Radio Foyle]] |access-date=13 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113025404/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/radiofoyle/peoples_war/context.shtml |archive-date=13 November 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>
The establishment of the American presence in the city was the result of a secret agreement between the Americans and the British before the Americans entered the war.<ref name="culturenorthernireland1">{{cite web |url=http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/article/447/world-war-two-in-derry |title=World War Two in Derry |date=16 November 2005 |work=CultureNorthernIreland.org |access-date=13 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523084734/http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/article/447/world-war-two-in-derry |archive-date=23 May 2013 |url-status=live |last1=Ireland |first1=Culture Northern }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1942/07/02/page/2/article/giant-u-s-naval-base-completed-at-londonderry |title=Chicago Tribune – Historical Newspapers}}</ref> It was the first American naval base in Europe and the terminal for American convoys en route to Europe.

The reason for such a high degree of military and naval activity was self-evident: Derry was the United Kingdom's westernmost port; indeed, the city was the westernmost Allied port in Europe: thus, Derry was a crucial jumping-off point, together with Glasgow and Liverpool, for the shipping convoys that ran between Europe and North America. The large numbers of military personnel in Derry substantially altered the character of the city, bringing in some outside colour to the local area, as well as some cosmopolitan and economic buoyancy during these years. Several airfields were built in the outlying regions of the city at this time, Maydown, Eglinton and Ballykelly. RAF Eglinton went on to become [[City of Derry Airport]].

The city contributed a significant number of men to the war effort throughout the services, most notably the 500 men in the 9th (Londonderry) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, known as the 'Derry Boys'. This regiment served in [[North Africa campaign|North Africa]], the Sudan, Italy and mainland UK. Many others served in the Merchant Navy taking part in the convoys that supplied the UK and Russia during the war.

The border location of the city and the influx of trade from the military convoys allowed for significant smuggling operations to develop in the city.

At the conclusion of the Second World War, eventually some 60 U-boats of the German [[Kriegsmarine]] ended in the city's harbour at [[Lisahally]] after their surrender.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.secondworldwarni.org/print.aspx?pagerecordid=1469 |title=The U-boat surrender |access-date=13 February 2010 |work=SecondWorldWarNI.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723201427/http://www.secondworldwarni.org/print.aspx?pagerecordid=1469 |archive-date=23 July 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> The initial surrender was attended by Admiral Sir [[Max Kennedy Horton|Max Horton]], Commander-in-Chief of the [[Western Approaches]], and Sir [[Basil Brooke, 1st Viscount Brookeborough|Basil Brooke]], third [[Prime Minister of Northern Ireland]].<ref name="culturenorthernireland1" />

===Late 20th century===

====1950s and 1960s====
The city languished after the Second World War, with unemployment and development stagnating. A large campaign, led by the [[University for Derry Committee]], to have Northern Ireland's second university located in the city, ended in failure.

====The civil rights movement====
Derry was a focal point for the nascent civil rights movement in Northern Ireland.

[[File:Bogside Derry SMC 2005.jpg|thumb|right|Bogside area viewed from the walls]]
Catholics were discriminated against under Unionist government in Northern Ireland, both politically and economically.<ref>{{cite book |title=Explaining Northern Ireland: Broken Images |first1=John |last1=McGarry |author1-link=John McGarry |first2=Brendan |last2=O'Leary |author2-link=Brendan O'Leary |date=1995 |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |isbn=9780631183495 |pages=205–206}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Race and Inequality: World Perspectives on Affirmative Action |first=Elaine |last=Kennedy-Dubourdieu |date=2006 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=9780754648390 |page=108}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Irish Catholic Diaspora in America |edition=Revised, updated |first=Lawrence John |last=McCaffrey |date=1997 |orig-date=1976 |publisher=[[Catholic University of America Press]] |isbn=9780813208961 |page=168}}</ref><ref name="DiscrimChron">{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/discrimination/chron.htm |title=Discrimination – Chronology of Important Events |access-date=13 February 2010 |date=6 January 2009 |work=CAIN.Ulst.ac.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205030810/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/discrimination/chron.htm |archive-date=5 February 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the late 1960s the city became the flashpoint of disputes about institutional [[gerrymandering]]. [[Political science|Political scientist]] [[John Henry Whyte|John Whyte]] explains that:<ref>{{cite book |last=Whyte |first=John |title=Contemporary Irish Studies |editor=Gallagher, Tom |editor2=O'Connell, James |publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] |date=1983 |chapter=How much discrimination was there under the unionist regime, 1921–68? |isbn=978-0-7190-0919-8 |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/discrimination/whyte.htm#chap1 |access-date=18 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514131114/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/discrimination/whyte.htm#chap1 |archive-date=14 May 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{blockquote|
All the accusations of gerrymandering, practically all the complaints about housing and regional policy and a disproportionate amount of the charges about public and private employment come from this area. The area – which consisted of Counties Tyrone and Fermanagh, Londonderry County Borough and portions of Counties Londonderry and Armagh – had less than a quarter of the total population of Northern Ireland yet generated not far short of three-quarters of the complaints of discrimination...The unionist government must bear its share of responsibility. It put through the original gerrymander, which underpinned so many of the subsequent malpractices, and then, despite repeated protests, did nothing to stop those malpractices continuing. The most serious charge against the Northern Ireland government is not that it was directly responsible for widespread discrimination, but that it allowed discrimination on such a scale over a substantial segment of Northern Ireland.}}

A [[civil rights]] demonstration in 1968 led by the [[Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association]] was banned by the Government and blocked using force by the [[Royal Ulster Constabulary]].<ref name="DiscrimChron" /> The events that followed the August 1969 [[Apprentice Boys]] parade resulted in the [[Battle of the Bogside]], when Catholic rioters fought the police, leading to widespread civil disorder in Northern Ireland and is often dated as the starting point of [[the Troubles]].

On Sunday 30 January 1972, 13 unarmed civilians were shot dead by British paratroopers during a civil rights march in the [[Bogside]] area. Another 13 were wounded and one further man later died of his wounds. This event came to be known as [[Bloody Sunday (Northern Ireland 1972)|Bloody Sunday]].

===The Troubles===
{{Main|The Troubles in Derry}}
[[File:Free Derry Corner in 1969.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|"[[Free Derry Corner]]" at the corner of Lecky Road and Fahan Street in the Bogside. The slogan was first painted in January 1969 by John Casey.]]

The conflict which became known as the Troubles is widely regarded as having started in Derry with the Battle of the Bogside. The Civil Rights Movement had also been very active in the city. In the early 1970s, the city was heavily militarised and there was widespread civil unrest. Several districts in the city constructed barricades to control access and prevent the forces of the state from entering.

Violence eased towards the end of the Troubles in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Irish journalist Ed Maloney claims in ''The Secret History of the IRA'' that republican leaders there negotiated a ''de facto'' ceasefire in the city as early as 1991. Whether this is true or not, the city did see less bloodshed by this time than Belfast or other localities.

The city was visited by an [[orca]] in November 1977 at the height of the Troubles; it was dubbed Dopey Dick by the thousands who came from miles around to see him.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/radiofoyle/dopeydick/ |title=A whale of a time |publisher=[[BBC Radio Foyle]] |access-date=12 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206195727/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northernireland/radiofoyle/dopeydick/ |archive-date=6 February 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Governance==
From 1613 the city was governed by the Londonderry Corporation. In 1898 this became Londonderry County Borough Council, until 1969 when administration passed to the unelected Londonderry Development Commission. In 1973 a new district council with boundaries extending to the rural south-west was established under the name Londonderry City Council, renamed in 1984 to [[Derry City Council]], consisting of five electoral areas: Cityside, Northland, Rural, [[Shantallow]] and [[Waterside, Derry|Waterside]]. The council of 30 members was re-elected every four years. The council merged with [[Strabane District Council]] in April 2015 under local government reorganisation to become [[Derry and Strabane District Council]].

The councillors elected in 2019 for the city are:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| Angela Dobbins
| {{Party name with colour|Social Democratic and Labour Party}}
|-
| Brian Tierney
| {{Party name with colour|Social Democratic and Labour Party}}
|-
| Rory Farrell
| {{Party name with colour|Social Democratic and Labour Party}}
|-
| Shauna Cusack
| {{Party name with colour|Social Democratic and Labour Party}}
|-
| Mary Durkan
| {{Party name with colour|Social Democratic and Labour Party}}
|-
| Sinéad McLaughlin
| {{Party name with colour|Social Democratic and Labour Party}}
|-
| Martin Reilly
| {{Party name with colour|Social Democratic and Labour Party}}
|-
| Sandra Duffy
| {{Party name with colour|Sinn Féin}}
|-
| Aileen Mellon
| {{Party name with colour|Sinn Féin}}
|-
| Mickey Cooper
| {{Party name with colour|Sinn Féin}}
|-
| Tina Burke
| {{Party name with colour|Sinn Féin}}
|-
| Patricia Logue
| {{Party name with colour|Sinn Féin}}
|-
| Christopher Jackson
| {{Party name with colour|Sinn Féin}}
|-
| Sean Carr
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
| Gary Donnelly
| {{Party name with colour|Independent politician}}
|-
| Hilary McClintock
| {{Party name with colour|Democratic Unionist Party}}
|-
| David Ramsey
| {{Party name with colour|Democratic Unionist Party}}
|-
| Shaun Harkin
| {{Party name with colour|People Before Profit}}
|-
| [[Eamonn McCann]]
| {{Party name with colour|People Before Profit}}
|-
| Darren Guy
| {{Party name with colour|Ulster Unionist Party}}
|-
| Philip McKinney
| {{Party name with colour|Alliance Party of Northern Ireland}}
|-
| Anne McCloskey
| {{Party name with colour|Aontú}}
|}

===Coat of arms and motto===
[[File:Coat of Arms, Fire Brigade, Derry - Londonderry - geograph.org.uk - 1187461.jpg|thumb|Derry's arms on an old fire station]]
The devices on the city's arms are a skeleton and a three-towered castle on a black field, with the "[[Chief (heraldry)|chief]]" or top third of the shield showing the arms of the City of London: a red cross and sword on white. In the centre of the cross is a gold harp.<ref>The [[blazon]] runs as follows: ''Sable, a human skeleton Or seated upon a mossy stone proper, and in dexter chief a castle triple-towered argent; on a chief also argent a cross gules, thereon a harp Or, and in the first quarter a sword erect gules.''</ref><ref name="LP2003">Letters Patent certifying the arms of the City of Londonderry issued to Derry City Council, sealed by Garter and Norroy and Ulster Kings of Arms dated 30 April 2003</ref> In unofficial use the harp sometimes appears above the arms as a [[crest (heraldry)|crest]].<ref name="vinycomb">{{cite journal |last=Vinycomb |first=John |date=1895 |title=The Seals and Armorial Insignia of Corporate and Other Towns in Ulster |journal=The Ulster Journal of Archaeology |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=117–119 |jstor=20563546}}</ref>

The arms were confirmed by Daniel Molyneux, the [[Ulster King of Arms]], in 1613, following the town's incorporation.<ref name="vinycomb" /> Molyneux's notes state that the original arms of Derry were "the picture of death (or a skeleton) sitting on a mossie ston and in the dexter point a castle". To this design he added, at the request of the new mayor, "a chief, the armes of London". Molyneux goes on to state that the skeleton is symbolic of Derry's ruin at the hands of the Irish rebel [[Cahir O'Doherty]] and that the silver castle represents its renewal through the efforts of the London guilds: "[Derry] hath since bene (as it were) raysed from the dead by the worthy undertakinge of the Ho'ble Cittie of London, in memorie whereof it is hence forth called and knowen by the name of London Derrie."<ref name="vinycomb" />

Local legend offers different theories as to the origin of the skeleton. One identifies it as [[Walter Liath de Burgh|Walter de Burgh]], who was starved to death in the [[William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster|Earl of Ulster]]'s dungeons in 1332.<ref>{{cite journal |last='Geoghehan |first=Arthur Gerald |date=1864 |title=A Notice of the Early Settlement of Londonderry by the English, &c. |journal=The Journal of the Kilkenny and South-East of Ireland Archaeological Society |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=155–156 |jstor=25502656}}</ref> Another identifies it as Cahir O'Doherty himself, who was killed in a skirmish near [[Kilmacrennan]] in 1608 (but was popularly believed to have wasted away while sequestered in his castle at [[Buncrana]]).<ref name="vinycomb" /> In the days of gerrymandering and anti-Catholic discrimination, Derry's Catholics often claimed in dark wit that the skeleton was a Catholic waiting for a job and a council house.<ref name="Lacey" /> However, a report commissioned by the city council in 1979 established that there was no basis for any of the popular theories and that the skeleton "[is] purely symbolic and does not refer to any identifiable person".<ref>L E Rothwell, ''An inquiry initiated by Derry City Council into the ensigns armourial and related matters of the City of Londonderry''</ref>

The 1613 arms depicted a harp in the centre of the cross, but this was omitted from later depictions of the city arms, and in the 1952 [[letters patent]] confirming the arms to the Londonderry Corporation.<ref>Letters Patent ratifying and confirming the arms of the City of Londonderry sealed by Garter and Norroy & Ulster Kings of Arms dated 28 April 1952</ref> In 2002 Derry City Council applied to the College of Arms to have the harp restored. [[Garter Principal King of Arms|Garter]] and [[Norroy and Ulster King of Arms|Norroy & Ulster]] Kings of Arms issued letters patent to that effect in 2003, having accepted the 17th-century evidence.<ref name="LP2003" />

The motto attached to the coat of arms reads in Latin, "Vita, Veritas, Victoria". This translates into English as "Life, Truth, Victory".<ref name="Lacey" />

==Geography==
[[File:OpenStreetMap of DerryLondonderry UK Apr2012.png|thumb|Derry map provided by [[OpenStreetMap]]]]
[[File:Craigavon bridge.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Craigavon Bridge]]]]
Derry is characterised by its distinctively hilly topography.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ni-environment.gov.uk/landscape/country_landscape/32/32-land.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224000045/http://www.doeni.gov.uk/niea/landscape/country_landscape/32/32-land.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 December 2012 |title=Derry Slopes Landscape |access-date=13 February 2010 |publisher=[[Department of the Environment (Northern Ireland)|Department of the Environment]]}}</ref> The [[River Foyle]] forms a deep valley as it flows through the city, giving it a steep topography. The original [[Derry city walls|walled city]] of Londonderry lies on a hill on the west bank of the River Foyle. In the past, the river branched and enclosed this hill as an island; over the centuries, however, the western branch of the river dried up and became a low-lying and boggy district that is now called the Bogside.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.museumoffreederry.org/history-bogside01.html |title=History—The Bogside |access-date=13 February 2010 |publisher=[[Museum of Free Derry]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325074037/http://www.museumoffreederry.org/history-bogside01.html |archive-date=25 March 2010}}</ref>

Today, modern Derry extends considerably north and west of the city walls and east of the river. The half of the city on the west of the Foyle is known as the Cityside and the area east is called the [[Waterside, Derry|Waterside]]. The Cityside and Waterside are connected by the [[Craigavon Bridge]] and [[Foyle Bridge]] and by a footbridge in the centre of the city called [[Peace Bridge (Foyle)|Peace Bridge]]. The district also extends into rural areas to the southeast of the city.

This much larger city, however, remains characterised by the often extremely steep hills that form much of its terrain on both sides of the river. A notable exception to this lies on the northeastern edge of the city, on the shores of [[Lough Foyle]], where large expanses of sea and mudflats were reclaimed in the middle of the 19th century. Today, these [[slobland]]s are protected from the sea by miles of sea walls and dikes. The area is an internationally important bird sanctuary, ranked among the top 30 wetland sites in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/Concerns-over-Lough-Foyle-bird.6066202.jp |title=Concerns over Lough Foyle bird numbers |access-date=13 February 2010 |last=Wilson |first=David |date=12 February 2010 |work=Derry Journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214013545/http://www.derryjournal.com/journal/Concerns-over-Lough-Foyle-bird.6066202.jp |archive-date=14 February 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Other important nature reserves lie at Ness Country Park,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ni-environment.gov.uk/places_to_visit_home/parks/ness.htm |title=Ness Country Park |access-date=13 February 2010 |publisher=[[Department of the Environment (Northern Ireland)|Department of the Environment]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129161930/http://www.ni-environment.gov.uk/places_to_visit_home/parks/ness.htm |archive-date=29 January 2010}}</ref> {{convert|10|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} east of Derry; and at Prehen Wood,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.discovernorthernireland.com/Prehen-Wood-Londonderry-Derry-P11676 |title=Prehen Wood |access-date=13 February 2010 |publisher=[[Tourism Northern Ireland]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228024558/http://www.discovernorthernireland.com/Prehen-Wood-Londonderry-Derry-P11676 |archive-date=28 February 2010}}</ref> within the city's south-eastern suburbs.

===Climate===
Derry has, like most of Ireland, a [[maritime climate|temperate maritime climate]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derry-ldy.airports-guides.com/ldy_climate.html |title=Airport guides climate page |work=Derry-Ldy.Airports-Guides.com |date=5 January 2012 |access-date=13 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527235720/http://www.derry-ldy.airports-guides.com/ldy_climate.html |archive-date=27 May 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> (Cfb) according to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system. The nearest official Met Office Weather Station for which climate data is available is [[Carnmoney|Carmoney]],<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Meteorological Office]] |work=MetOffice.gov.uk |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/networks/images/climnet5_jan2001.gif |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010702202452/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/networks/images/climnet5_jan2001.gif |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 July 2001 |title=Station Locations}}</ref> just west of [[City of Derry Airport]] and about {{convert|5|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on}} northeast of the city centre. However, observations ceased in 2004 and the nearest Weather Station is currently [[Ballykelly, County Londonderry|Ballykelly]], due {{convert|12|mi|km|0|abbr=off}} east-northeast.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Meteorological Office]] |work=MetOffice.gov.uk |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/networks/images/map3.gif |title=Station Locations |access-date=22 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018051442/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/networks/images/map3.gif |archive-date=18 October 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Typically, 27 nights of the year will report an air frost at Ballykelly, while at least 1&nbsp;mm of precipitation will be reported on 170 days (1981–2010 averages).

The lowest temperature recorded at Carmoney was {{convert|-11.0|C|F}} on 27 December 1995.<ref>{{cite web |work=Tutiempo.net |url=http://www.tutiempo.net/en/Climate/CARMONEY/27-12-1995/39060.htm |title=1995 minimum}}</ref>

{{Weather box
 |location=[[RAF Ballykelly|Ballykelly]],{{efn|Weather station is located {{convert|13|mi|0|abbr=out}} from the Derry/Londonderry city centre.}} elevation: {{convert|4|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1977–2011{{efn|From 1977–2004, extremes were recorded at Carmoney and from 1997–2011 extremes were recorded at Ballykelly.}}
| metric first=y
| single line=y
| Jan record high C=14.5
| Feb record high C=15.4
| Mar record high C=18.4
| Apr record high C=21.7
| May record high C=25.7
| Jun record high C=27.0
| Jul record high C=29.3
| Aug record high C=27.2
| Sep record high C=23.9
| Oct record high C=23.8
| Nov record high C=18.4
| Dec record high C=15.0
| Jan high C=8.1
| Feb high C=8.6
| Mar high C=10.3
| Apr high C=12.5
| May high C=15.3
| Jun high C=17.4
| Jul high C=18.9
| Aug high C=18.7
| Sep high C=16.9
| Oct high C=13.6
| Nov high C=10.5
| Dec high C=8.3
| year high C=13.3
| Jan mean C=5.4
| Feb mean C=5.5
| Mar mean C=6.9
| Apr mean C=8.8
| May mean C=11.3
| Jun mean C=13.7
| Jul mean C=15.3
| Aug mean C=15.1
| Sep mean C=13.5
| Oct mean C=10.5
| Nov mean C=7.6
| Dec mean C=5.6
| year mean C=9.9
| Jan low C=2.6
| Feb low C=2.5
| Mar low C=3.6
| Apr low C=5.1
| May low C=7.3
| Jun low C=9.9
| Jul low C=11.7
| Aug low C=11.6
| Sep low C=10.0
| Oct low C=7.3
| Nov low C=4.7
| Dec low C=2.8
| year low C=6.6
| Jan record low C=-9.0
| Feb record low C=-5.0
| Mar record low C=-5.7
| Apr record low C=-2.2
| May record low C=0.2
| Jun record low C=1.6
| Jul record low C=1.4
| Aug record low C=4.4
| Sep record low C=2.0
| Oct record low C=-3.0
| Nov record low C=-6.2
| Dec record low C=-13.1
| precipitation colour=green
| Jan precipitation mm=83.5
| Feb precipitation mm=70.1
| Mar precipitation mm=61.6
| Apr precipitation mm=54.1
| May precipitation mm=52.9
| Jun precipitation mm=59.8
| Jul precipitation mm=70.2
| Aug precipitation mm=76.4
| Sep precipitation mm=61.9
| Oct precipitation mm=83.4
| Nov precipitation mm=91.7
| Dec precipitation mm=95.7
| year precipitation mm=861.2
| unit precipitation days=1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days=17.0
| Feb precipitation days=14.5
| Mar precipitation days=14.5
| Apr precipitation days=11.9
| May precipitation days=12.7
| Jun precipitation days=12.5
| Jul precipitation days=14.0
| Aug precipitation days=14.3
| Sep precipitation days=13.7
| Oct precipitation days=15.5
| Nov precipitation days=17.8
| Dec precipitation days=17.3
| year precipitation days=175.7
| Jan humidity=85
| Feb humidity=83
| Mar humidity=78
| Apr humidity=73
| May humidity=74
| Jun humidity=75
| Jul humidity=77
| Aug humidity=79
| Sep humidity=80
| Oct humidity=82
| Nov humidity=85
| Dec humidity=86
| Jan dew point C=3
| Feb dew point C=4
| Mar dew point C=4
| Apr dew point C=6
| May dew point C=8
| Jun dew point C=11
| Jul dew point C=12
| Aug dew point C=12
| Sep dew point C=11
| Oct dew point C=9
| Nov dew point C=6
| Dec dew point C=4
| Jan sun=52.4
| Feb sun=74.3
| Mar sun=107.4
| Apr sun=164.1
| May sun=204.7
| Jun sun=161.3
| Jul sun=145.6
| Aug sun=148.8
| Sep sun=119.9
| Oct sun=84.6
| Nov sun=58.4
| Dec sun=37.0
| year sun=
| Jand sun=1.7
| Febd sun=2.6
| Mard sun=3.3
| Aprd sun=5.2
| Mayd sun=6.5
| Jund sun=5.4
| Juld sun= 4.5
| Augd sun=4.6
| Sepd sun=4.0
| Octd sun=3.3
| Novd sun=1.9
| Decd sun=1.2
| Jan uv=0
| Feb uv=1
| Mar uv=2
| Apr uv=3
| May uv=5
| Jun uv=6
| Jul uv=6
| Aug uv=5
| Sep uv=3
| Oct uv=2
| Nov uv=1
| Dec uv=0
| source 1=[[Met Office]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcnjj7h5w |title=Filton 1991–2020 averages |access-date=2 May 2022}}</ref>
| source 2=Tutiempo.net<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/ws-39060.html |title=Climate Carmoney |access-date=26 January 2023 |work=Tutiempo.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/ws-39080.html |title=Climate Ballykelly |access-date=26 January 2023 |work=Tutiempo.net}}</ref>
}}

==Demography==
{{bar box
 |title=National Identity of Derry residents (2021)<ref>{{cite web |title=National Identity (Irish) |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=NAT_ID_IRISH_AGG3&~SETTLEMENT15=N11000243&~NAT_ID_IRISH_AGG3=1+2 |work=NISRA |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=National Identity (British) |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=NAT_ID_BRITISH&~SETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |work=NISRA |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=National Identity (Northern Irish) |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/data?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=NAT_ID_NORTHERN_IRISH_AGG3&%7ESETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |work=NISRA |access-date=18 August 2023}}</ref>
 |titlebar=#ddd |left1=Nationality |right1=Per cent |float=right
|bars =
{{bar percent|Irish|DarkOrchid|64.6}}
{{bar percent|Northern Irish|grey|28.1}}
{{bar percent|British|Blue|22.3}}
}}
[[File:Ebrington Square, Derry,.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ebrington Square]]]]
Derry Urban Area (DUA), including the city and the neighbouring settlements of [[Culmore]], [[Newbuildings]] and [[Strathfoyle]], is classified as a city by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) since its population exceeds 75,000. The mid-2006 population estimate for the wider [[Derry City Council]] area was 107,300.<ref name="NISRA2006">{{cite web |url=http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/demography/publications/pr_mye_2006.pdf |title=Statistics press notice: Mid-year population estimates Northern Ireland (2006) |publisher=[[Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency]] |date=31 July 2007 |access-date=28 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626114426/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/archive/demography/publications/pr_mye_2006.pdf |archive-date=26 June 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> Population growth in 2005/06 was driven by natural change, with net out-migration of approximately 100 people.<ref name="NISRA2006" />

The city was one of the few in Ireland to experience an increase in population during the Great Famine as migrants came to it from other, more heavily affected areas.<ref name="Johnson" />

===2011 Census===
On census day (27 March 2011) there were 105,066 people living in [[Derry Urban Area]]. Of these, 27% were aged under 16 years and 14% were aged 60 and over; 49% of the population were male and 51% were female; 75% were from a [[Roman Catholic]] background and 23% (up three per cent from 2001) were from a [[Protestant]] background.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nisra.gov.uk/Census/2011_results_population.html |title=Census 2011 – Population and Household Estimates for Northern Ireland |publisher=[[Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency]] |access-date=24 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919094459/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/Census/2011_results_population.html |archive-date=19 September 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===2021 Census===
On census day (21 March 2021) there were 85,279 people living in Derry City<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preview data for Population {{!}} NISRA Flexible Table Builder |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&~SETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=build.nisra.gov.uk}}</ref> and of these:

* 21.11% were aged under 16, 64.36% were aged between 16 and 65 and 14.53% were aged 66 and over.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preview data for Age {{!}} NISRA Flexible Table Builder |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=AGE_BAND_AGG3&~SETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=build.nisra.gov.uk |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329234517/https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=AGE_BAND_AGG3&~SETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 51.65% of the usually resident population were female and 48.35% were male.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preview data for Sex (MS-A07) {{!}} NISRA Flexible Table Builder |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=UR_SEX&~SETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=build.nisra.gov.uk}}</ref>
* 77.88% (66,413) were from a Catholic background, 16.98% (14,481) were from Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related) background, 1.24% had another religious background and 3.9% had no religion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Religion belong to or brought up in |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/data?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=RELIGION_BELONG_TO_OR_BROUGHT_UP_IN_DVO&%7ESETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |work=NISRA |access-date=15 August 2023}}</ref>
* 64.55% indicated they had an Irish national identity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preview data for National Identity (Irish) {{!}} NISRA Flexible Table Builder |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=NAT_ID_IRISH_AGG3&~SETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=build.nisra.gov.uk}}</ref> 21.86% indicated they had a Northern Irish national identity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preview data for National Identity (Northern Irish) {{!}} NISRA Flexible Table Builder |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=NAT_ID_NORTHERN_IRISH_AGG3&~SETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=build.nisra.gov.uk}}</ref> 17.37% indicated they had a British national identity,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preview data for National Identity (British) {{!}} NISRA Flexible Table Builder |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=NAT_ID_BRITISH&~SETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=build.nisra.gov.uk}}</ref> and 4.01% indicated they had an 'other' national identity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preview data for National identity (person based) – basic detail (classification 1) (MS-B15) {{!}} NISRA Flexible Table Builder |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=NAT_ID_BASIC&~SETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=build.nisra.gov.uk}}</ref> (respondents could select more than one national identity).
* 16.42% had some knowledge of [[Irish language|Irish]] (Gaeilge) and 4.22% had some knowledge of [[Ulster Scots dialect|Ulster Scots]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Preview data for Knowledge of Irish (MS-B05) {{!}} NISRA Flexible Table Builder |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=IRISH_SKILLS_INTERMEDIATE&~SETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=build.nisra.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Preview data for Knowledge of Ulster-Scots (MS-B08) {{!}} NISRA Flexible Table Builder |url=https://build.nisra.gov.uk/en/custom/viewdata?d=PEOPLE&v=SETTLEMENT15&v=ULSTER_SCOTS_SKILLS_INTERMEDIATE&~SETTLEMENT15=N11000243 |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=build.nisra.gov.uk}}</ref>

===Protestant minority===
[[File:Nosurrender mural derry.jpg|thumb|right|"No Surrender" [[mural]] outside city wall, taken in 2004]]
Concerns have been raised by both communities over the increasingly divided nature of the city. There were about 17,000 Protestants on the west bank of the River Foyle in 1971.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/proni/1979/proni_CENT-1-8-11A_1979-01-11.pdf |title=Londonderry population movement from West bank to East bank |date=11 January 1979 |access-date=19 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504021135/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/proni/1979/proni_CENT-1-8-11A_1979-01-11.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The proportion rapidly declined during the 1970s;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/proni/1978/proni_CENT-1-8-11A_1978-11-06.pdf |title=Note of a meeting between Secretary of State and William Ross Unionist MP |date=6 November 1978 |publisher=[[Public Record Office of Northern Ireland]] |access-date=18 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504021033/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/proni/1978/proni_CENT-1-8-11A_1978-11-06.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> the 2011 census recorded 3,169 Protestants on the west bank, compared to 54,976 Catholics,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.londonderrysentinel.co.uk/news/catholics-outnumber-protestants-on-both-banks-of-the-foyle-1-4737478 |title=Catholics outnumber Protestants on both banks of the Foyle |work=Londonderry Sentinel |date=31 January 2013 |first=Kevin |last=Mullen |access-date=18 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209134057/http://www.londonderrysentinel.co.uk/news/catholics-outnumber-protestants-on-both-banks-of-the-foyle-1-4737478 |archive-date=9 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and it is feared that the city could become permanently divided.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/6060810.stm |title=Catholics urged to support neighbours |publisher=BBC News |date=18 October 2006 |access-date=28 August 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ofmdfmni.gov.uk/derryreport.pdf |title=Population Change and Social Inclusion Study: Derry/Londonderry |first1=Peter |last1=Shirlow |first2=Brian |last2=Graham |first3=Amanda |last3=McMullan |first4=Brendan |last4=Murtagh |first5=Gillian |last5=Robinson |first6=Neil |last6=Southern |publisher=[[Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister]] |date=2005 |access-date=27 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409084749/http://www.ofmdfmni.gov.uk/derryreport.pdf |archive-date=9 April 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>

However, concerted efforts have been made by the local community, church and political leaders from both traditions to redress the problem. A conference to bring together key actors and promote tolerance was held in October 2006.<ref name="Alienation conference">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/6060810.stm |title=Catholics urged to support neighbours |date=18 October 2006 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=28 August 2008}}</ref> [[Ken Good]], the [[Church of Ireland]] Bishop of [[Diocese of Derry and Raphoe|Derry and Raphoe]], said he was happy living on the cityside. "I feel part of it. It is my city and I want to encourage other Protestants to feel exactly the same", he said.<ref name="Alienation conference" />

Support for Protestants in the district has been strong from the SDLP politician [[Helen Quigley]], who formerly served as the mayor of Derry. She made inclusion and tolerance key themes of her mayoralty. Cllr. Quigley said it was time for "everyone to take a stand to stop the scourge of sectarian and other assaults in the city."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derryjournal.com/editorial/Taking-a-stand.1620934.jp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120728125236/http://www.derryjournal.com/editorial/Taking-a-stand.1620934.jp |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 July 2012 |title=Taking a Stand Derry Journal Editorial |date=11 July 2006 |work=Derry Journal |access-date=28 August 2008}}</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:Du Pont Derry 2007 SMC.JPG|right|thumbnail|Du Pont facility at Maydown]]

===History===
The economy of the district was based significantly on the textile industry until relatively recently. For many years women were commonly the sole wage earners working in the shirt factories while the men in comparison had high levels of unemployment.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.recirca.com/backissues/c95/dwc.shtml |title=Women, art and architecture appear to have achieved a rare symbiosis in a new project in Derry |date=Spring 2001 |first=Declan |last=Sheehan |magazine=Circa Art Magazine |issue=95 |pages=38–41 |issn=0263-9475 |access-date=5 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060528155727/http://www.recirca.com/backissues/c95/dwc.shtml |archive-date=28 May 2006}}</ref> This led to significant male emigration.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bloodysundaytrust.org/eduhistory.htm |title=History of the Bogside |publisher=Bloody Sunday Trust |access-date=5 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823085030/http://www.bloodysundaytrust.org/eduhistory.htm |archive-date=23 August 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The history of shirt making in the city dates to 1831, said to have been started by William Scott and his family who first exported shirts to [[Glasgow]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Ciaran |last=Roddy |publisher=Paddock Designs |url=http://www.geocities.com/historyofshirtmakinginderry/shirtmakinginderry.htm |title=Derry's association with shirt making |via=GeoCities.com |access-date=5 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225221059/http://www.geocities.com/historyofshirtmakinginderry/shirtmakinginderry.htm |archive-date=25 December 2007}}</ref> Within 50 years, shirt making in the city was the most prolific in the UK with garments being exported all over the world. It was known so well that the industry received a mention in ''[[Das Kapital]]'' by [[Karl Marx]], when discussing the factory system:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Marx/mrxCpAtoc.html |title=Capital: A Critique of Political Economy |volume=Vol. I: ''The Process of Capitalist Production'' |at=Part IV, Chapter XV |first=Karl |last=Marx |author-link=Karl Marx |date=1867 |publisher=[[Charles H. Kerr & Co.]] |location=Chicago |via=EconLib.org |access-date=5 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821064500/http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Marx/mrxCpAtoc.html |archive-date=21 August 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|The shirt factory of Messrs. Tille at Londonderry, which employs 1,000 operatives in the factory itself, and 9,000 people spread up and down the country and working in their own houses.}}

The industry reached its peak in the 1920s employing around 18,000 people.<ref name="Lacey" /> In modern times, however, the textile industry declined due largely to lower Asian wages.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derryjournal.com/features/Thriving-industry-is-no-more.4184442.jp |title=Thriving industry is no more: Glory days of shirt factories recalled |date=13 June 2008 |work=Derry Journal Online |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926054913/http://www.derryjournal.com/features/Thriving-industry-is-no-more.4184442.jp |archive-date=26 September 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

A long-term foreign employer in the area is [[DuPont (1802–2017)|Du Pont]], which has been based at Maydown since 1958, its first European production facility.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://heritage.dupont.com/touchpoints/tp_1958/depth.shtml |title=First European Plant&nbsp;–1958 |work=Heritage.DuPont.com |publisher=[[DuPont]] |access-date=5 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060317060124/http://heritage.dupont.com/touchpoints/tp_1958/depth.shtml |archive-date=17 March 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Originally [[Neoprene]] was manufactured at Maydown and subsequently followed by [[Hypalon]]. More recently [[Lycra]] and [[Kevlar]] production units were active.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/ |title=Du Pont (UK) Ltd |publisher=[[Northern Ireland Executive]] |access-date=5 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060914110241/http://www.northernireland.gov.uk/ |archive-date=14 September 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=December 2023|reason=The NI Executive's homepage has nothing to do with claims about production by DuPont.}} Thanks to a worldwide demand for Kevlar, which is made at the plant, the facility undertook a £40&nbsp;million upgrade to expand its global Kevlar production.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2004/1116/56793-dupont/ |title=40 jobs from DuPont Derry expansion |date=16 November 2004 |publisher=RTÉ |access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref>

===Inward investment===
[[File:Seagate building Derry 2005.jpg|right|thumbnail|Seagate production facility]]
As of 2002, the three largest private-sector employers were American firms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/p/rem/13319.htm |work=U.S.-Irish Business Summit |last=Haass |first=Richard N. |date=6 September 2002 |title=Remarks to the US&nbsp;– Irish Business Summit |location=Washington, DC |publisher=[[US Department of State]] |access-date=5 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205173725/http://2001-2009.state.gov/s/p/rem/13319.htm |archive-date=5 February 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Economic successes have included call centres and a large investment by [[Seagate Technology|Seagate]], which has operated a factory in the Springtown Industrial Estate since 1993. As of 2019, Seagate was employing approximately 1,400 people in Derry.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-48062973 |publisher=BBC News |title=Seagate creates 25 new jobs in £47m Derry investment |date=26 April 2019 |access-date=7 March 2021 |archive-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722180518/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-48062973 |url-status=live}}</ref>

A controversial new employer in the area was [[Raytheon|Raytheon Systems Limited]], a software division of the American defence contractor, which was set up in Derry in 1999.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/428973.stm |title=UK: Northern Ireland Software centre plans under fire |date=25 June 1999 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=15 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504001437/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/428973.stm |archive-date=4 May 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although some of the local people welcomed the jobs boost, others in the area objected to the jobs being provided by a firm involved heavily in the [[arms industry|arms trade]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/2886611.stm |title=Protest over NI missile firm |date=25 March 2003 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=27 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408171010/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/2886611.stm |archive-date=8 April 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> Following four years of protest by the Foyle Ethical Investment Campaign, in 2004 Derry City Council passed a motion declaring the district "a 'no&nbsp;– go' area for the arms trade",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indymedia.ie/article/62917 |title=Derry City Now a 'No&nbsp;– Go' Area for the Arms Trade |date=8 January 2004 |work=IndyMedia.ie |access-date=19 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525195932/http://www.indymedia.ie/article/62917 |archive-date=25 May 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref> and in 2006 its offices were briefly occupied by anti-war protestors who became known as the [[Raytheon 9]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4776051.stm |title=Defence firm protesters arrested |publisher=BBC News |access-date=20 September 2015 |date=9 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015221036/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/4776051.stm |archive-date=15 October 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2009, the company announced that it was not renewing its lease when it expired in 2010 and was looking for a new location for its operations.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.londonderrysentinel.co.uk/news/Raytheon-looks-for-new-home.5381105.jp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804051230/http://www.londonderrysentinel.co.uk/news/Raytheon-looks-for-new-home.5381105.jp |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 August 2012 |title=Raytheon looks for new home |date=19 June 2009 |work=[[Londonderry Sentinel]] |access-date=15 December 2009}}</ref>

Other significant multinational employers in the region include Firstsource of India, [[INVISTA]], Stream International, Perfecseal, [[Arqiva|NTL]], [[Northbrook Technology]] of the United States, Arntz Belting and Invision Software of Germany and Homeloan Management of the UK. Major local business employers include Desmonds, Northern Ireland's largest privately owned company, manufacturing and sourcing garments, E&I Engineering, [[Saint Brendan's|St. Brendan's Irish Cream Liqueur]] and McCambridge Duffy, one of the largest insolvency practices in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/economicdevelopment/downloads/1709M%20DERRY%20BOOK.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703121127/http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/economicdevelopment/downloads/1709M%20DERRY%20BOOK.pdf |archive-date=3 July 2007 |title=Derry – Regional City: Ireland North West |work=DerryCity.gov.uk |publisher=[[Derry City Council]] |access-date=8 April 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Even though the city provides cheap labour by standards in Western Europe, critics have noted that the grants offered by the Northern Ireland Industrial Development Board have helped land jobs for the area that only last as long as the funding lasts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marxist.net/ireland/beyondframe.htm?ch8.htm |title=Beyond the Troubles? – Chapter 8, Will there be peace? |last=Hadden |first=Peter |date=1994 |work=Marxist.net |access-date=5 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718001348/http://www.marxist.net/ireland/beyondframe.htm?ch8.htm |archive-date=18 July 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref> This was reflected in questions to the [[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State]] for Northern Ireland, [[Richard Needham]], in 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm198990/cmhansrd/1990-03-01/Orals-1.html |title=House of Commons&nbsp;– Column 372 & 373 |date=1 March 1990 |publisher=[[House of Commons of the United Kingdom]] / [[HM Stationery Office]] |access-date=5 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060302111209/http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm198990/cmhansrd/1990-03-01/Orals-1.html |archive-date=2 March 2006}}</ref> It was noted that it cost £30,000 to create one job in an American firm in Northern Ireland.

Critics of investment decisions affecting the district often point to the decision to build a new university building in nearby (predominantly Protestant) [[Coleraine]] rather than developing the Ulster University [[Magee Campus]]. Another major government decision affecting the city was the decision to create the new town of [[Craigavon (planned town)|Craigavon]] outside Belfast, which again was detrimental to the development of the city. Even in October 2005, there was perceived bias against the comparatively impoverished North West of the province, with a major civil service job contract going to Belfast. [[Mark Durkan]], the [[Social Democratic and Labour Party]] (SDLP) leader and Member of Parliament (MP) for Foyle was quoted in the ''Belfast Telegraph'' as saying:{{quote without source|date=December 2023}}

{{Blockquote|The fact is there has been consistent under-investment in the North West and a reluctance on the part of the Civil Service to see or support anything west of the Bann, except when it comes to rate increases, then they treat us equally.}}

In July 2005, the Irish Minister for Finance, [[Brian Cowen]], called for a joint task force to drive economic growth in the cross-border region.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

===Shopping===
[[File:Austins 2007 SMC.jpg|thumb|[[Austins of Derry|Austins]] department store]]
The city is the north west's foremost shopping district, housing two large shopping centres along with numerous shop-packed streets serving much of the greater county, as well as [[County Tyrone|Tyrone]] and [[County Donegal|Donegal]].

The city centre has two main shopping centres; the [[Foyleside Shopping Centre]], which has 45 stores and 1,430 parking spaces, and the [[Richmond Centre (Derry)|Richmond Centre]], which has 39 retail units. The Quayside Shopping Centre also serves the city side and there is also Lisnagelvin Shopping Centre on the Waterside. These centres, as well as local-run businesses, feature numerous national and international stores. [[Crescent Link Retail Park]], located in the Waterside, has several chain stores and has become the second largest retail park in Northern Ireland (second only to Sprucefield in Lisburn).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derryjournal.com/business/Crescent-Link-Retail-Park-bought.3462253.jp |title=Crescent Link Retail Park bought for £92 m |date=9 November 2007 |work=Derry Journal |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926054908/http://www.derryjournal.com/business/Crescent-Link-Retail-Park-bought.3462253.jp |archive-date=26 September 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Plans have also been approved for Derry's first Asda store, which will be located at the retail park sharing a unit with Homebase.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/news/derrys-first-asda-store-to-create-350-jobs-29007917.html |title=Derry's first Asda store to create 350 jobs |date=22 December 2012 |work=Belfast Telegraph |access-date=31 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101193927/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/news/derrys-first-asda-store-to-create-350-jobs-29007917.html |archive-date=1 January 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sainsbury's also applied for planning permission for a store at Crescent Link, but Environment Minister [[Alex Attwood]] turned it down.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-20812156 |title=Attwood gives ASDA green light for new Londonderry store |date=21 December 2012 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=31 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608083705/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-20812156 |archive-date=8 June 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Until the store's closure in March 2016, the city was also home to the world's oldest independent department store, [[Austins of Derry|Austins]]. Established in 1830, Austins predates [[Jenners]] of [[Edinburgh]] by 5 years, [[Harrods]] of London by 15 years and [[Macy's]] of New York by 25 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.austinsstore.com/Pages/about_us/austins_in_brief |title=Austins in Brief |work=AustinsStore.com |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817121617/http://www.austinsstore.com/Pages/about_us/austins_in_brief |archive-date=17 August 2009}}</ref> The store's five-story [[Edwardian]] building is located within the walled city in the area known as The Diamond.

==Landmarks==
[[File:St Eugene's Cathedral, August 2009.JPG|right|thumb|St Eugene's Cathedral]]
[[File:Bishop Street Courthouse, Derry - Londonderry - geograph.org.uk - 174216.jpg|right|thumb|[[Bishop Street Courthouse]]]]
[[File:Long Tower Church, August 2009.JPG|right|thumb|Long Tower Church]]
[[File:Guildhall,Derry.jpg|thumb|[[Derry Guildhall]]]]
Derry is renowned for its architecture. This can be primarily ascribed to the formal planning of the historic walled city of Derry at the core of the modern city. This is centred on the Diamond with a collection of late [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]], [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] and [[Edwardian architecture|Edwardian]] buildings maintaining the gridlines of the main thoroughfares (Shipquay Street, Ferryquay Street, Butcher Street and Bishop Street) to the City Gates. [[St Columb's Cathedral]] does not follow the grid pattern reinforcing its civic status. This [[Church of Ireland]] Cathedral was the first post-[[English Reformation|Reformation]] Cathedral built for an [[Anglican]] church. The construction of the [[Roman Catholic]] [[St Eugene's Cathedral]] in the Bogside in the 19th century was another major architectural addition to the city. The Townscape Heritage Initiative has funded restoration works to key listed buildings and other older structures.

In the three centuries since their construction, the [[Derry city walls|city walls]] have been adapted to meet the needs of a changing city. The best example of this adaptation is the insertion of three additional gates&nbsp;– Castle Gate, New Gate and Magazine Gate&nbsp;– into the walls in the course of the 19th century. Today, the fortifications form a continuous promenade around the city centre, complete with cannon, avenues of mature trees and views across Derry. Historic buildings within the city walls include St Augustine's Church, which sits on the city walls close to the site of the original monastic settlement; the copper-domed Austin's department store, which claims to be the oldest such store in the world; and the imposing Greek Revival [[Bishop Street Courthouse|Courthouse on Bishop Street]]. The red-brick late-Victorian [[Guildhall, Derry|Guildhall]], also crowned by a copper dome, stands just beyond Shipquay Gate and close to the riverfront.

There are many museums and sites of interest in and around the city, including the Foyle Valley Railway Centre, the [[Amelia Earhart]] Centre And Wildlife Sanctuary, the [[Apprentice Boys of Derry|Apprentice Boys]] Memorial Hall, [[Ballyoan Cemetery]], The Bogside, numerous [[Murals#Politics|murals]] by the [[Bogside Artists]], Derry Craft Village, [[Free Derry Corner]], O'Doherty Tower (now home to part of the [[Tower Museum]]), the Harbour Museum, the [[Museum of Free Derry]], Chapter House Museum, the Workhouse Museum, the [[Nerve Centre]], [[St. Columb's Park]] and Leisure Centre, [[Creggan Country Park]], [[Brooke Park]], [[The Millennium Forum]], the [[Void Gallery]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.derryvoid.com/ |title=Homepage |work=Void Derry &#124; Contemporary Art Derry}}</ref> and the [[Foyle Bridge|Foyle]] and [[Craigavon Bridge|Craigavon]] bridges.

Attractions include museums, a vibrant shopping centre and trips to the [[Giant's Causeway]], which is approximately {{convert|50|mi|km|-1|abbr=off}} away, though poorly connected by public transport. [[Lonely Planet]] called Derry the fourth best city in the world to see in 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-20039650 |title=Londonderry 'world's fourth best city to visit' in 2013 |publisher=BBC News |date=23 October 2012 |access-date=28 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025204231/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-20039650 |archive-date=25 October 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 25 June 2011, the [[Peace Bridge (Foyle)|Peace Bridge]] opened. It is a cycle and footbridge that begins from the Guild Hall in the city centre of Derry City to Ebrington Square and St Columb's Park on the far side of the River Foyle. It was funded jointly by the Department for Social Development (NI), the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government along with matching funding, totalling £14 million, from the [[Special EU Programmes Body|SEUPB]] Peace III programme.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/peacebridge/Peace-Bridge |title=Peace Bridge |work=DerryCity.gov |publisher=[[Derry City Council]] |access-date=18 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927151353/http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/peacebridge/Peace-Bridge |archive-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Future projects include the Walled City Signature Project, which intends to ensure that the city's walls become a world-class tourist experience.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nitb.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=809 |title=Walled City of Derry&nbsp;– Signature Project |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080202030606/http://www.nitb.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=809 |archive-date=2 February 2008}} The Industry Website of the Northern Ireland Tourist Board. Retrieved 10 September 2006.</ref>
[[File:Peace bridge Derry 2012.jpg|thumb|222x222px|[[Peace Bridge (Foyle)|Peace Bridge]] in Derry]]

==Transport==
[[File:Foyle bridge, railside.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Foyle Bridge]] showing Derry-to-Belfast rail link]]
The transport network is built out of a complex array of old and modern roads and railways throughout the city and county. The city's road network also makes use of two bridges to cross the [[River Foyle]], the [[Craigavon Bridge]] and the [[Foyle Bridge]], the longest bridge in Ireland. Derry also serves as a major transport hub for travel throughout nearby [[County Donegal]].

In spite of it being the second city of Northern Ireland (and it being the second-largest city in all of [[Ulster]]), road and rail links to other cities are below par for its standing. Many business leaders claim that government investment in the city and infrastructure has been badly lacking. Some have stated that this is due to its outlying border location whilst others have cited a [[sectarian]] bias against the region west of the [[River Bann]] due to its high proportion of Catholics.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cain.ulster.ac.uk/events/derry/bac.htm |title=The Derry March&nbsp;– Background Information |date=23 March 2003 |work=CAIN Archive – Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland |publisher=[[Ulster University]] |access-date=5 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410092126/http://cain.ulster.ac.uk/events/derry/bac.htm |archive-date=10 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irelandseye.com/aarticles/history/events/conflict/bttc4.shtm |title=Northern Ireland During the 1960s |date=2006 |work=IrelandsEye.com |access-date=5 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016151654/http://www.irelandseye.com/aarticles/history/events/conflict/bttc4.shtm |archive-date=16 October 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> There is no direct motorway link with [[Dublin]] or [[Belfast]]. The rail link to Belfast has been downgraded over the years so that, presently, it is not a viable alternative to the roads for industry to rely on. As of 2008, there were plans for £1&nbsp;billion worth of transport infrastructure investment in and around the district.<ref name="eGov">{{cite news |url=http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/19373 |title=Over £1billion transport investment planned for North West in Northern Ireland |work=eGov Monitor |date=13 June 2008 |access-date=18 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112205513/http://www.egovmonitor.com/node/19373 |archive-date=12 January 2009}}</ref> Planned upgrades to the [[A5 road (Northern Ireland)|A5]] [[Dublin]] road agreed as part of the [[Good Friday Agreement]] and St Andrews Talks fell through when the government of the Republic of Ireland reneged on its funding citing the [[post-2008 Irish economic downturn|post-2008 economic downturn]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-15658959 |title=Irish government pulls £400m A5 upgrade funding |publisher=BBC News |date=9 November 2011 |access-date=22 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119180438/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-15658959 |archive-date=19 January 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Buses===
Most public transport in Northern Ireland is operated by the subsidiaries of [[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]]. Originally the city's internal bus network was run by [[Ulsterbus]], which still provides the city's connections with other towns in Northern Ireland. The city's buses are now run by [[Ulsterbus Foyle]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.translink.co.uk/20060904newulsterbusfoyle.asp |title=All-new Ulsterbus Foyle service takes to the roads |date=4 September 2006 |work=Translink.co.uk |publisher=[[Translink (Northern Ireland)|Translink]] / Morrow Communications |first1=Keelin |last1=Haughey |first2=Dana |last2=McCusker |access-date=22 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311165354/http://www.translink.co.uk/20060904newulsterbusfoyle.asp |archive-date=11 March 2007 |url-status=dead}} Press release.</ref> just as [[Metro (Belfast)|Translink Metro]] now provides the bus service in Belfast. The Ulsterbus Foyle network offers 13 routes across the city into the suburban areas, excluding an Easibus link which connects to the Waterside and [[Drumahoe]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.translink.co.uk/present/IndexOpSvc.asp#FOY |title=Foyle Area Ulsterbus routes |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527090847/http://www.translink.co.uk/present/IndexOpSvc.asp#FOY |archive-date=27 May 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and a free Rail Link Bus runs from the Waterside Railway Station to the city centre. All buses leave from the Foyle Street Bus Station in the city centre.

Long-distance buses depart from Foyle Street Bus Station to destinations throughout Ireland. Buses are operated by both [[Ulsterbus]] and [[Bus Éireann]] on cross-border routes. [[Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway|Lough Swilly]] formerly operated buses to [[County Donegal]], but the company entered liquidation and is no longer in operation. There is a half-hourly service to [[Belfast]] every day, called the Maiden City Flyer, which is the Goldline Express flagship route. There are hourly services to [[Strabane]], [[Omagh]], [[Coleraine]], [[Letterkenny]] and [[Buncrana]], and up to twelve services a day to bring people to [[Dublin]]. There is a daily service to [[Sligo]], [[Galway]], [[Shannon Airport]] and [[Limerick]].

[[TFI Local Link]] provides additional cross-border public transport routes, with route '''244''' <small>([[Moville]]/Derry)</small>,<ref name="Carndonagh to Derry">{{Cite web |title=125908 SITT TT 952 Carndonagh to Derry 4pg DL |url=https://locallinkdsl.ie/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/952-Carndonagh-to-Derry-4pg-DL.pdf |access-date=24 August 2023 |work=Local Link Donegal-Sligo-Leitrim}}</ref> '''245''' <small>([[Greencastle, County Donegal|Greencastle]]/Derry)</small>,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Greencastle-to-Derry.jpg |url=https://locallinkdsl.ie/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Greencastle-to-Derry.jpg |access-date=24 August 2023 |work=Local Link Donegal-Sligo-Leitrim |format=JPG}}</ref> '''288''' ([[Ballybofey]]/Derry),<ref name="Stranorlar-to-Derry">{{Cite web |title=426-288-Stranorlar-to-Derry-2.jpg |url=https://locallinkdsl.ie/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/426-288-Stranorlar-to-Derry-2.jpg |access-date=24 August 2023 |work=Local Link Donegal-Sligo-Leitrim |format=JPG}}</ref> '''952''' <small>([[Carndonagh]]/Derry)</small>,<ref name="Carndonagh to Derry" /> '''957''' <small>([[Shrove, County Donegal|Shrove]]/Derry, via Moville)</small>,<ref>{{Cite web |title=125909 SITT TT 957 Shrove to Moville 4pg DL |url=https://locallinkdsl.ie/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/957-Shrove-to-Moville-4pg-DL.pdf |access-date=24 August 2023 |work=Local Link Donegal-Sligo-Leitrim}}</ref>'''1426''' <small>([[Stranorlar]]/Derry)</small><ref name="Stranorlar-to-Derry" /> all servicing the city.

Private coach operator, Patrick Gallagher Coaches, also runs 2 routes during the week that service the city. The first goes from [[Crolly]] in County Donegal to Belfast<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donegal Belfast Daily Timetable from Patrick Gallagher Coaches, Brinalack, Gweedore, County Donegal |url=http://www.gallagherscoaches.com/DonegalBelfast.htm |access-date=24 August 2023 |work=GallaghersCoaches.com}}</ref> (to the Leonardo Hotel in Belfast city centre, ''formerly [[Jurys Inn]]''),<ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Connor |first=Ferghal |date=17 April 2022 |title=Iconic Irish hotel chain Jurys Inn to be rebranded as 'Leonardo' |work=[[Belfast Telegraph]] |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/northern-ireland/iconic-irish-hotel-chain-jurys-inn-to-be-rebranded-as-leonardo/41561657.html |access-date=24 August 2023 |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> and another that runs from County Donegal to the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donegal Derry Daily Timetable from Patrick Gallagher Coaches, Brinalack, Gweedore, County Donegal |url=http://www.gallagherscoaches.com/DonegalDerry.htm |access-date=24 August 2023 |work=GallaghersCoaches.com}}</ref>

===Air===
{{Main|City of Derry Airport}}
[[City of Derry Airport]], the council-owned airport near [[Eglinton, County Londonderry|Eglinton]], has grown during the early 21st century, with new investment in extending the runway and plans to redevelop the terminal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.4ni.co.uk/industrynews.asp?ID=38867 |title=Story of investment – £10 million investment in City of Derry Airport |work=4NI |publisher=Flagship Media Group |access-date=22 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928083815/http://www.4ni.co.uk/industrynews.asp?ID=38867 |archive-date=28 September 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[A2 road (Northern Ireland)|A2]] (a [[dual carriageway]]) from [[Maydown]] to [[Eglinton, County Londonderry|Eglinton]], serves the airport.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/roads/a2maydowndualling.html |title=A2 dualling Maydown to City of Derry airport – Northern Ireland Roads Site |work=WesleyJohnston.com |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326082930/http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/roads/a2maydowndualling.html |archive-date=26 March 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> City of Derry airport is the main regional airport for [[County Donegal]], [[County Londonderry]] and west [[County Tyrone]] as well as Derry City itself.

The airport is served by [[Loganair]] and [[Ryanair]] with scheduled flights to [[Glasgow Airport]], [[Edinburgh Airport]], [[Manchester Airport]], [[Liverpool John Lennon Airport]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.liverpoolairport.com/uk-derry/ |title=Derry, United Kingdom |work=Liverpool John Lennon Airport |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402205925/http://www.liverpoolairport.com/uk-derry/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> and [[London Stansted Airport|London Stansted]] all year round with a summer schedule to [[Mallorca]] with [[TUI Airways]]

===Railways===
The city is served by a single rail link terminating at [[Derry ~ Londonderry railway station]] in Waterside that is subsidised, alongside much of Northern Ireland's railways, by [[Northern Ireland Railways]] (N.I.R.). The link primarily provides passenger services from the city to [[Belfast Central railway station|Belfast]], via several stops that include {{rws|Coleraine}}, {{rws|Ballymoney}} and {{rws|Antrim}}, and connections to links with other parts of Northern Ireland. The route itself is the only remaining rail link used by trains; most of the lines developed in the mid-19th century fell into decline towards the mid-20th century from competition by new road networks. The original rail network that served the city included four different railways that, between them, linked the city with much of the province of Ulster, plus a harbour railway network that linked the other four lines, and a tramway on the City side of the Foyle. Usage of the rail link between Derry and Belfast remains questionable for commuters, due to the journey time of over two hours making it slower centre-to-centre than the 100-minute Ulsterbus Goldline Express service.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/bdotg/action/detail?site=191&type=RESOURCES&itemId=5000218567 |title=Doing business in County Londonderry |access-date=15 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125409/http://www.nibusinessinfo.co.uk/bdotg/action/detail?site=191&type=RESOURCES&itemId=5000218567 |archive-date=20 July 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Railway history====
=====19th century – early 20th century growth=====
[[File:Map Rail Ireland Viceregal Commission 1906.jpg|thumb|Ireland's railway network in 1906]]
Several railways began operation around the city of Derry within the middle of the 19th century. The companies that set up links helped to provide key links for the city towards other towns and cities across Ireland, for the transportation of passengers and freight. The lines that were constructed featured a mixture of Irish gauge and narrow gauge railways. Companies that operated them included:

* The [[Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway]] (L&ER) – The rail company constructed Derry's first railway in 1845 with [[Irish gauge]] ({{RailGauge|5ft3in}}) track. The line operated from a temporary station at [[Londonderry Cow Market railway station|Cow Market]] on the City side of the Foyle, reaching [[Strabane]] in 1847,<ref name="Hajducki3">{{cite book |last=Hajducki |first=S. Maxwell |date=1974 |title=A Railway Atlas of Ireland |location=Newton Abbott |publisher=[[David & Charles]] |isbn=978-0-7153-5167-3 |at=map 3}}</ref> before being extended from [[Londonderry Cow Market railway station|Cow Market]] to its permanent terminus at Foyle Road in 1850.<ref name="Hajducki2">{{harvp|Hajducki|1974|loc=inset to map 2}}.</ref> The L&ER reached [[Omagh]] in 1852 and [[Enniskillen]] in 1854,<ref name="Hajducki2" /> and was absorbed into the [[Great Northern Railway (Ireland)]] in 1883.<ref>{{cite book |last=Patterson |first=Edward M. |date=1962 |title=The County Donegal Railways |location=Dawlish |publisher=[[David & Charles]] |pages=10–11}}</ref>
* The [[Londonderry and Coleraine Railway]] (L&CR) – The rail company constructed an Irish gauge line to the city in 1852, opening a terminus at Waterside.<ref name="Hajducki2" /> The [[Belfast and Northern Counties Railway]] leased the line from 1861, before taking it over in 1871.
* The [[Londonderry and Lough Swilly Railway]] (L&LSR) – The rail company opened a line between Farland Point on [[Lough Swilly]] and a temporary terminus at Pennyburn in 1863,<ref name="Hajducki2" /> before extending the line in 1866 to a more permanent terminus at Graving Dock.<ref name="Hajducki2" /> The L&LSR was conceived to operate on Irish gauge track when it was constructed, but was converted in 1885 to {{RailGauge|3ft}} [[narrow gauge]] to link it with the Letterkenny Railway.
* The [[Londonderry Port|Londonderry Port and Harbour Commissioners]] (LPHC) – The rail company established a line that linked Graving Dock and Foyle Road stations through Middle Quay in 1867, before extending the line to create a rail connection with Waterside station, via the newly constructed Carlisle Bridge, in 1868.<ref name="Hajducki2" /> When the bridge was replaced in 1933 with the double-deck [[Craigavon Bridge]], the LPHC was assigned to operate on the lower deck.

In 1900, the {{RailGauge|3ft}} gauge [[County Donegal Railways Joint Committee|Donegal Railway]] was extended to the city from Strabane, with construction establishing the [[Londonderry Victoria Road railway station|Londonderry Victoria Road railway terminus]] and creating a junction with the LPHC railway.<ref name="Hajducki2" /> The LPHC line was altered to [[dual gauge]] which allowed {{RailGauge|3ft}} gauge traffic between the Donegal Railway and L&LSR as well as Irish gauge traffic between the GNR and B&NCR. By 1905, the government of the United Kingdom offered subsidies to both the L&LSR and the Donegal Railway to build extensions to their railway networks into remote parts of [[County Donegal]], which soon developed Derry (alongside Strabane) into becoming a key rail hub by 1905 for the county and surrounding regions.<ref>Hajducki, ''op. cit.'', maps 2, 3 & 6</ref> In 1906 the [[Northern Counties Committee]] (NCC, successor to the B&NCR) and the GNR jointly took over the Donegal Railway, making it the [[County Donegal Railways Joint Committee]] (CDRJC).

Alongside the railways, the city was served by a [[standard gauge]] ({{RailGauge|sg}}) tramway, the [[City of Derry Tramways]].<ref name="HajduckiXVII">{{harvp|Hajducki|1974|p=xvii}}.</ref> The tramway was opened in 1897 and consisted of [[Horsecar|horse trams]] that operated along a single line, {{convert|1+1/2|mi|km|round=0.5|abbr=off}} long, which ran along the City side of the Foyle parallel to the LPHC's line on that side of the river.<ref name="Hajducki3" /> The line never converted to electrically operated trams,<ref name="HajduckiXVII" /> and was closed in 1919.<ref name="HajduckiXVII" />

=====20th century decline=====
In 1922, the [[partition of Ireland]] dramatically caused disruptions to the city's rail links, except for the NNC route to {{rws|Coleraine}}.<ref name="Hajducki3" /> The creation of an international frontier with County Donegal changed trade patterns to the detriment of the railways affected by the partition, placing border posts on every line to and from Derry, causing great delays to trains and disrupting timekeeping from custom inspections – the L&LSR faced inspections between Pennyburn and Bridge End; the CDRJC faced inspections beyond Strabane; and the GNR line faced inspections between Derry and Strabane.<ref name="Hajducki3" /> Custom agreements negotiated over the next few years between Britain and Ireland enabled GNR trains to travel to and from Derry – such trains would be allowed to pass without inspection through the Free State, unless they served local stations on the west bank of the Foyle – while goods transported by all railways between different parts of the Free State would be allowed to pass through Northern Ireland under [[Bonded warehouse|customs bond]]. Despite these agreements, local passenger and goods traffic continued to be delayed by customs examinations.

The decline of most of Derry's rail links took place after the Second World War, due to increasing competition by road links. The L&LSR closed its line in 1953, followed by the CDRJC in 1954.<ref name="Hajducki39">{{harvp|Hajducki|1974|loc=map 39}}.</ref> The [[Ulster Transport Authority]], who took over the NCC in 1949 and the GNR's lines in Northern Ireland in 1958, took control of the LPHC railway before closing it in 1962,<ref name="Baker209">{{cite book |last=Baker |first=Michael H. C. |date=1972 |title=Irish Railways since 1916 |location=London |publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing]] |isbn=9780711002821 |page=209}}</ref> before eventually shutting down the former GNR line to Derry in 1965, after the submission of [[Ulster Transport Authority#The Benson Report|The Benson Report]] to the Northern Ireland Government two years prior to the closure.<ref name="Hajducki39" /><ref name="Baker209" /><ref>{{harvp|Baker|1972|p=155}}.</ref> This left the former L&CR line to Coleraine as the sole railway link for the city, providing a passenger service to Belfast, alongside [[CIÉ]] freight services to Donegal. By the 1990s, the service began to deteriorate.

=====21st century regeneration=====
In 2008, the Department for Regional Development announced plans to relay the track between Derry and Coleraine. The plan, aimed at being completed by 2013, included adding a [[passing loop]] to increase traffic capacity and increasing the number of trains with two additional [[diesel multiple unit]]s.<ref name="RailUpgrade">{{cite news |url=http://www.irishnews.com/articles/540/5860/2008/6/12/590126_34824869487716386&nbsp;m.html |title=£86&nbsp;m upgrade to rail link will 'take half an hour off journey' |last=McKinney |first=Seamus |date=12 June 2008 |work=[[The Irish News]] |access-date=14 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903221802/http://www.irishnews.com/articles/540/5860/2008/6/12/590126_34824869487716386%26nbsp%3Bm.html |archive-date=3 September 2015}}</ref> Additional phases of the plan also included improvements to existing stations along the line and the restoration of the former Victoria Road terminus building to prepare for the relocation of the city's current terminus station to the site, all for completion by late 2019.{{update inline |date=March 2021}} Costing around £86&nbsp;million, the improvements were aimed at reducing the journey time to Belfast by 30 minutes and allowing commuter trains to arrive before 9 a.m. for the first time.<ref name="RailUpgrade" />

===Road network===
The largest road investment in the north west's history took place during 2010, with the building of the 'A2 Broadbridge Maydown to City of Derry Airport dualling' project<ref>{{cite web |url=http://roadimprovements.roadsni.gov.uk/index/schemes/broadbridge/a2_broadbridge_exhibition_panels_2.htm |title=A2 BroadBridge Maydown to City of Derry Airport Dualling Exhibition Panels &#124; Road Improvements |work=RoadImprovements.RoadsNI.gov.uk |publisher=Roads Service, [[Department for Regional Development]] |date=26 November 2009 |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907025629/http://roadimprovements.roadsni.gov.uk/index/schemes/broadbridge/a2_broadbridge_exhibition_panels_2.htm |archive-date=7 September 2009}}</ref> and announcement of the 'A6 Londonderry to Dungiven Dualling Scheme'<ref>{{cite web |url=http://roadimprovements.roadsni.gov.uk/index/schemes/londonderry-dungiven.htm |title=A6 Londonderry to Dungiven Dualling Scheme &#124; Road Improvements |work=RoadImprovements.RoadsNI.gov.uk |publisher=Roads Service, [[Department for Regional Development]] |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503192755/http://roadimprovements.roadsni.gov.uk/index/schemes/londonderry-dungiven.htm |archive-date=3 May 2010}}</ref> with the intention to reduce the travel time to Belfast.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/roads/a6dungiventoderry.html |title=75% of the journey upon completion will be on either High Quality Dual Carriageway or Motorway Standard Roads |work=WesleyJohnston.com |access-date=22 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116133616/http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/roads/a6dungiventoderry.html |archive-date=16 November 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref> The latter project brings a dual-carriageway link between Northern Ireland's two largest cities one step closer. The project is costing £320&nbsp;million and is expected to be completed in 2016.

In October 2006 the [[Government of Ireland]] announced that it was to invest €1&nbsp;billion in Northern Ireland;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsletter.co.uk/3425/It39s-trickortreat-time-with-Brown.1839311.jp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905080037/http://www.newsletter.co.uk/3425/It39s-trickortreat-time-with-Brown.1839311.jp |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 September 2012 |title=It's trick-or-treat time with Brown |last=Dempster |first=Stephen |date=24 October 2006 |work=BelfastToday.net |publisher=[[Johnston Press]] |access-date=31 October 2006}}</ref> with the planned projects including 'the A5 Western Transport Corridor',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roadsni.gov.uk/contractadverts-details.htm?id=192&referrer=ContractListing.asp?type=Current |title=Contract Details |work=RoadImprovements.RoadsNI.gov.uk |publisher=Roads Service, [[Department for Regional Development]] |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608190306/http://www.roadsni.gov.uk/contractadverts-details.htm?id=192&referrer=ContractListing.asp%3Ftype%3DCurrent |archive-date=8 June 2009}}</ref> the complete upgrade of the A5 Derry – Omagh – Aughnacloy (– Dublin) road, around {{convert|90|km|mi|round=5|abbr=off}} long, to [[dual carriageway]] standard.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/?jp=MHAUMHCWOJOJ&rss=rss2 |title=Package would fund biggest-ever cross-border project |date=22 March 2007 |work=BreakingMews.ie |access-date=9 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201107/http://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/?jp=MHAUMHCWOJOJ&rss=rss2 |archive-date=27 September 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2008 [[Conor Murphy]], Minister for Regional Development, announced that there will be a study into the feasibility of connecting the A5 and A6.<ref name="eGov" /> Should it proceed, the scheme would most likely run from Drumahoe to south of Prehen along the south east of the city.<ref name="RailUpgrade" />

===Sea===
[[File:HMS Ferret surrendered Uboats.jpg|upright|thumb|A mass of surrendered German U-boats at their mooring at Lisahally]]
[[Londonderry Port]] at [[Lisahally]] is the United Kingdom's most westerly port and has capacity for 30,000-ton vessels. The [[Londonderry Port|Londonderry Port and Harbour Commissioners]] (LPHC) announced record turnover, record profits and record tonnage figures for the year ended March 2008. The figures are the result of a significant capital expenditure programme for the period 2000 to 2007 of about £22&nbsp;million. Tonnage handled by LPHC increased by almost 65% between 2000 and 2007.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Londonderry Port enjoys a year of record growth |work=belfasttelegraph |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/news/londonderry-port-enjoys-a-year-of-record-growth-28441090.html |access-date=6 June 2021 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=6 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606184145/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/business/news/londonderry-port-enjoys-a-year-of-record-growth-28441090.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The port gave vital [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] service in the longest-running campaign of the Second World War, the Battle of the Atlantic, and saw the surrender of the German [[U-boat]] fleet at Lisahally on 8 May 1945.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/aug/20/secondworldwar.northernireland |title=Raise the U-boat: council plans to put Nazi sub in maritime museum |last=Bowcott |first=Owen |date=20 August 2007 |work=The Guardian |access-date=19 June 2008 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831225711/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/aug/20/secondworldwar.northernireland |archive-date=31 August 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Inland waterways===
The tidal [[River Foyle]] is navigable from the coast at Derry to approximately {{convert|10|mi|km|0}} inland. In 1796, the [[Strabane Canal]] was opened, continuing the navigation a further {{convert|4|mi|km|0}} southwards to [[Strabane]]. The canal was closed in 1962.

==Education==
[[File:Magee University Derry SMC 2005.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Magee College]] became a campus of [[Ulster University]] in 1969.]]
Derry is home to the [[Magee College|Magee Campus]] of [[Ulster University]], formerly Magee College. However, Lockwood's<ref>[http://library.ulster.ac.uk/magee/history.htm A History of Magee College] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170626003541/http://library.ulster.ac.uk/magee/history.htm |date=26 June 2017}} Ulster University website</ref> 1960s decision to locate Northern Ireland's second university in Coleraine rather than Derry helped contribute to the formation of the civil rights movement that ultimately led to [[The Troubles]]. Derry was the town more closely associated with higher learning, with Magee College already more than a century old by that time.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tBoSJFAnKbMC&dq=coleraine+derry+university+decision&pg=PA234 A history of Irish Theatre] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151230042418/https://books.google.com/books?id=tBoSJFAnKbMC&pg=PA234&lpg=PA234&dq=coleraine+derry+university+decision&source=bl&ots=4CT1v0xopl&sig=TjfK3Kk1IIk2axy255p4VgtYaPw&hl=en&ei=O4kISpOOG-ahjAe944GWCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 |date=30 December 2015}} Google books</ref><ref>[http://www.irelandseye.com/aarticles/history/events/conflict/bttc4.shtm Northern Ireland during the 1960s] {{Webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20051123040514/http://www.irelandseye.com/aarticles/history/events/conflict/bttc4.shtm |date=23 November 2005}} www.irelandseye.com</ref> In the mid-1980s an attempt was made at address this by forming Magee College as a campus of the [[Ulster University]], but this failed to stifle calls for the establishment of an independent University in Derry.<ref>[http://www.irishnews.com/appnews/540/606/2008/2/1/579104_335361441817Derryneed.html Derry needs big idea to get over depression] Irish News website 1 February 2009 {{webarchive |url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150903221802/http://www.irishnews.com/appnews/540/606/2008/2/1/579104_335361441817Derryneed.html |date=3 September 2015}}</ref> As of 2021, the Magee campus reportedly accommodated approximately 4,400 students,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.derrynow.com/news/derry-news/608947/ulster-university-should-be-open-and-honest-about-magee-student-numbers.html |work=Derry Now |title=Ulster University should be 'open and honest' about Magee student numbers |date=11 February 2021 |access-date=7 March 2021 |quote=UU Vice Chancellor Professor Paul Bartholomew said there are 4,498 students at Magee&nbsp;.... Meanwhile, Ulster University's Belfast campuses have over 15,000 students |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214054939/https://www.derrynow.com/news/derry-news/608947/ulster-university-should-be-open-and-honest-about-magee-student-numbers.html |url-status=live}}</ref> out of a total [[Ulster University]] student population of approximately 24,000, of which 15,000 are in the Belfast campus.

The [[North West Regional College]] is also based in the city and accommodates over 10,000 student enrolments annually.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nwrc.ac.uk/about-us/ |publisher=[[North West Regional College]] |work=NWRC.ac.uk |title=About Us |access-date=7 March 2021 |archive-date=13 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113022903/http://www.nwrc.ac.uk/about-us/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.nwrc.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/NWRC-College-Development-Plan-2019-20.pdf |publisher=[[North West Regional College]] |work=NWRC.ac.uk |title=NWRC College Development Plan 2019-20 |date=2019 |access-date=7 March 2021 |page=16 |quote=Over 10,000 adults and young people successfully learn with us |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027031634/http://www.nwrc.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/NWRC-College-Development-Plan-2019-20.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>

One of the two oldest secondary schools in Northern Ireland, [[Foyle College]], is located in Derry. It was founded in 1616 by the [[Merchant Taylors' Company|Merchant Taylors]]. Other secondary schools include [[St. Columb's College]], [[Oakgrove Integrated College]], [[St Cecilia's College]], [[St Mary's College, Derry|St Mary's College]], [[St. Joseph's Boys' School]], [[Lisneal College]], [[Thornhill College]], [[Lumen Christi College (Derry, Northern Ireland)|Lumen Christi College]] and St. Brigid's College. There are also numerous primary schools.

==Sports==
[[File:Derry 2009 NFL final.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Derry GAA]] team ahead of the [[National Football League (Ireland) 2009|2009 National League]] final]]

The city is home to sports clubs and teams. Both association football and [[Gaelic football]] are popular in the area.

===Association football===

In association football, the city's most prominent clubs include [[Derry City F.C.|Derry City]] who play in the [[League of Ireland|national league]] of the [[Republic of Ireland]]; [[Institute F.C.|Institute]] of the [[NIFL Championship]] as well as [[Maiden City F.C.|Maiden City]] and [[Trojans F.C.|Trojans]], both of the [[Northern Ireland Intermediate League]].

In addition to these clubs, which all play in national leagues, other clubs are based in the city. The local football league governed by the [[Irish Football Association|IFA]] is the North-West Junior League, which contains many clubs from the city, such as BBOB (Boys Brigade Old Boys) and Lincoln Courts. The city's other junior league is the [[Derry and District League]] and teams from the city and surrounding areas participate, including Don Boscos and Creggan Swifts. The [[Foyle Cup]] youth soccer tournament is held annually in the city. It has attracted many notable teams in the past, including [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]], [[IFK Göteborg]] and [[Ferencvárosi TC|Ferencváros]].

===Gaelic football===

In Gaelic football [[Derry GAA]] are the county team and play in the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]'s [[National Football League (Ireland)|National Football League]], [[Ulster Senior Football Championship]] and [[All-Ireland Senior Football Championship]]. They also field [[hurling]] teams in the equivalent tournaments. There are many Gaelic games clubs in and around the city, for example [[Na Magha CLG]], [[Steelstown GAC]], [[Doire Colmcille CLG]], [[Seán Dolans GAC]], Na Piarsaigh CLG Doire Trasna and [[Slaughtmanus GAC]].

===Boxing===

There are many boxing clubs. The best-known is the Ring Amateur Boxing Club, which is based on the City side and is associated with boxers [[Charlie Nash (boxer)|Charlie Nash]] and [[John Duddy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ringabc.net/ |title=Ring ABC |work=RingABC.net |publisher=Ring Amateur Boxing Club |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308133233/http://www.ringabc.net/ |archive-date=8 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ringabc.net/youtube.html |title=The Ring ABC Videos |work=RingABC.net |publisher=Ring Amateur Boxing Club |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101161859/http://www.ringabc.net/youtube.html |archive-date=1 January 2009}}</ref> Rochester's Amateur Boxing club is a club in the city's Waterside area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rochesters Amateur Boxing Club, The Ebrington Centre, Gendermott Road, Londonderry (2022) |url=https://www.localgymsandfitness.com/GB/Londonderry/603098766368334/Rochesters-Amateur-Boxing-Club |access-date=3 May 2022 |work=LocalGymsAndFitness.com}}</ref>

===Rugby union===

[[Rugby union]] is also quite popular in the city, with the [[City of Derry Rugby Club]] situated not far from the city centre.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofderryrfc.com/ |title=City of Derry Rugby Club Official Website |work=CityOfDerryRFC.com |publisher=[[City of Derry Rugby Club]] |date=5 June 2010 |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207134119/http://cityofderryrfc.com/ |archive-date=7 February 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> City of Derry won both the Ulster Towns Cup and the Ulster Junior Cup in 2009. Londonderry YMCA RFC is another rugby club and is based in the village of [[Drumahoe]] which is on the outskirts of the city.

===Basketball===

The city's only basketball club is North Star Basketball Club which has teams in the [[Basketball Northern Ireland]] senior and junior Leagues.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.northstarbasketball.com/ |title=North Star Basketball Club Official Website |work=NorthStarBasketball.com |publisher=North Star Basketball Club |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120035330/http://northstarbasketball.com/ |archive-date=20 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Cricket===

[[Cricket]] is also played in the city, particularly in the Waterside. The city is home to two cricket clubs, [[Brigade Cricket Club]] and [[Glendermott Cricket Club]], both of whom play in the [[North West Senior League]].

===Golf===

There are two golf clubs situated in the city, City of Derry Golf Club and Foyle International Golf Centre.

==Culture==
[[File:'Hands Across the Divide' sculpture, Derry.jpg|left|thumbnail|''Hands Across the Divide'' sculpture, by [[Maurice Harron]]]]

Artists and writers associated with the city and surrounding countryside include the [[Nobel Prize]]-winning poet [[Seamus Heaney]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1995/heaney-bio.html |title=Seamus Heaney – Biography |work=NobelPrize.org: Official Web Site of the [[Nobel Prize]] |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]] |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927000702/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1995/heaney-bio.html |archive-date=27 September 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> poet [[Seamus Deane]], playwright [[Brian Friel]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derryjournal.com/news/local/milestone-birthday-for-playwright-brian-friel-1-2133267 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730132901/http://www.derryjournal.com/news/local/milestone-birthday-for-playwright-brian-friel-1-2133267 |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 July 2012 |title=Milestone birthday for playwright Brian Friel – Derry Today |work=[[Derry Journal]] |access-date=20 June 2010}}</ref> writer and music critic [[Nik Cohn]], artist [[Willie Doherty]], socio-political commentator and activist [[Eamonn McCann]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derryjournal.com/17469/Meet-the-Candidates--Eamonn.6216366.jp |url-status=dead |title=Meet the Candidates – Eamonn McCann People Before Profit Alliance |work=[[Derry Journal]] |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-date=28 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120728121439/http://www.derryjournal.com/17469/Meet-the-Candidates--Eamonn.6216366.jp}}</ref> and bands such as [[the Undertones]]. The large political gable-wall murals of Bogside Artists, Free Derry Corner, the Foyle Film Festival, the Derry Walls, St Eugene's and St Columb's Cathedrals and the annual Halloween street carnival<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/halloween/ |title=Halloween 2009 |work=DerryCity.gov.uk |publisher=[[Derry City Council]] |date=2 November 2009 |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523075400/http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/halloween/ |archive-date=23 May 2010}}</ref> are popular tourist attractions. In 2010, Derry was named the UK's tenth 'most musical' city by [[PRS for Music]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Richard |last=Smith |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/bristol-named-britains-most-musical-207581 |title=Bristol named Britain's most musical city |date=13 March 2010 |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |access-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605083821/http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2010/03/13/bristol-named-britain-s-most-musical-city-115875-22107650/ |archive-date=5 June 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Derry Peace Flame.jpg|thumb|Peace Flame Monument, unveiled in May 2013]]

In May 2013 a perpetual Peace Flame Monument was unveiled by [[Martin Luther King III]] and Presbyterian minister Rev. David Latimer. The flame was lit by children from both traditions in the city and is one of only 15 such flames across the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derryjournal.com/news/community/pathway-to-peace-cycle-event-on-sunday-1-5547805 |title='Pathway to Peace' cycle event on Sunday |work=[[Derry Journal]] |date=4 October 2013 |access-date=15 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084348/http://www.derryjournal.com/news/community/pathway-to-peace-cycle-event-on-sunday-1-5547805 |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Deeney |first=Donna |url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/derrys-children-united-to-light-flame-of-peace-29271479.html |title=Derry's children united to light flame of peace |work=[[Belfast Telegraph]] |date=16 May 2013 |access-date=15 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085325/http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/northern-ireland/derrys-children-united-to-light-flame-of-peace-29271479.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Media===
The local newspapers, the ''[[Derry Journal]]'' (known as the ''Londonderry Journal'' until 1880) and the ''[[Londonderry Sentinel]]'', reflect the divided history of the city: the ''Journal'' was founded in 1772 and is Ireland's second oldest newspaper;<ref name="Lacey" /> the ''Sentinel'' newspaper was formed in 1829 when new owners of the ''Journal'' embraced [[Catholic emancipation]] and the editor left the paper to set up the ''Sentinel''.

There are numerous radio stations receivable: the largest stations based in the city are [[BBC Radio Foyle]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radiofoyle/ |title=Radio Foyle: 93.1 FM / 792 MW |publisher=[[BBC Radio Foyle]] |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522124749/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radiofoyle/ |archive-date=22 May 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the commercial station [[Q102.9]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.q102.fm/portal/ |title=Q102.9 FM |work=Q102.fm |publisher=[[Q Radio Network]] |access-date=20 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100330122925/http://www.q102.fm/portal/ |archive-date=30 March 2010}}</ref>

There was a locally based television station, [[C9TV]], one of only two local or 'restricted' television services in Northern Ireland, which ceased broadcasts in 2007.

===Nightlife===
The city's nightlife is mainly focused on the weekends, with several bars and clubs providing "student nights" during the weekdays. Waterloo Street and Strand Road provide the main venues. Waterloo Street, a steep street lined with both Irish traditional and modern pubs, frequently has live rock and traditional music at night.

===Events===
* In 2013, Derry became the first city to be designated [[UK City of Culture]], having been awarded the title in July 2010.<ref name="Derry wins City of Culture" /><ref name="DCS – UK City of Culture" />
* Also in 2013 the city hosted [[Radio 1's Big Weekend]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/article/5712/radio-1-s-big-weekend-line-up-announced |title=Radio 1's Big Weekend Line-Up Announced |date=6 May 2013 |work=Culture Northern Ireland |publisher=[[Nerve Centre (organisation)|Nerve Centre]] |access-date=16 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611054621/http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/article/5712/radio-1-s-big-weekend-line-up-announced |archive-date=11 June 2016 |url-status=live |last1=Ireland |first1=Culture Northern }}</ref> and the [[Lumiere (festival)|Lumiere]] light festival.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=BBC News |title=Londonderry Lumiere light show 'attracts 180,000' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-25187409 |date=2 December 2013 |access-date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110165357/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-25187409 |archive-date=10 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The "Banks of the Foyle Hallowe'en Carnival" (known in Irish as Féile na Samhna) in Derry is a huge tourism boost for the city. The carnival is promoted as being the first and longest-running Halloween carnival in the whole of Ireland,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/halloween/ |title=Banks of the Foyle Hallowe'en Carnival |work=DerryCity.gov.uk |publisher=[[Derry City Council]] |access-date=5 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721232747/http://www.derrycity.gov.uk/halloween/ |archive-date=21 July 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://aspen.conncoll.edu/politicsandculture/page.cfm?key=448 |title=Masquerading as Subversion? |last=Pelan |first=Rebecca |journal=Politics and Culture |issue=4 |date=2004 |editor1-first=Amitava |editor1-last=Kumar |editor2-first=Michael |editor2-last=Ryan |publisher=[[Connecticut College]] |access-date=5 September 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060309012934/http://aspen.conncoll.edu/politicsandculture/page.cfm?key=448 |archive-date=9 March 2006}}</ref> It is called the largest street party in Ireland by the Derry Visitor and Convention Bureau with more than 30,000 ghoulish revellers taking to the streets annually.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irishabroad.com/news/irishpost/Travel/ireland-home-halloween-051012.asp |title=Ireland, home of Halloween |last=Rogers |first=Malcolm |work=[[The Irish Post]] |access-date=5 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426230203/http://www.irishabroad.com/news/irishpost/Travel/ireland-home-halloween-051012.asp |archive-date=26 April 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In March, the city hosts the Big Tickle Comedy Festival, which in 2006 featured [[Dara Ó Briain]] and [[Colin Murphy (comedian)|Colin Murphy]]. In April the city plays host to the [[City of Derry Jazz and Big Band Festival]] and in November the Foyle Film Festival, the biggest film festival in Northern Ireland.
* The [[Siege of Derry]] is commemorated annually by the fraternal organisation the [[Apprentice Boys of Derry]] in the week-long [[Maiden City Festival]].
* The Instinct Festival is an annual youth festival celebrating the Arts. It is held around Easter and has proven a success in recent years.
* Celtronic is a major annual electronic dance festival held at venues all around the city. The 2007 Festival featured the DJ, [[Erol Alkan]].
* The [[Millennium Forum]] is the main theatre in the city; it holds numerous shows weekly.
* On 9 December 2007 Derry entered the Guinness Book of Records when 13,000 Santas gathered to break the world record, beating previous records held by Liverpool and Las Vegas.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7135400.stm |title=Santa record bid attracts 13,000 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=28 August 2008 |date=9 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103125806/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7135400.stm |archive-date=3 January 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Winner of the 2005 [[Britain in Bloom]] competition (City category). Runner-up 2009.

===References in popular music===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{{Poemquote|I was born in Londonderry
I was born in Derry City too
Oh what a special child
To see such things and still to smile
I knew that there was something wrong
But I kept my head down and carried on.
|[[The Divine Comedy (band)|The Divine Comedy]], "Sunrise"
}}
{{Poemquote|In 1803 we sailed out to sea,
Out from the sweet town of Derry,
For Australia bound if we did not all drown,
And the marks of our fetters we carried...
|[[Bobby Sands]], "Back Home in Derry"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://celtic-lyrics.com/forum/index.php?autocom=tclc&code=lyrics&id=34 |title=Back Home in Derry, full lyrics |work=Celtic-Lyrics.com |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917085736/http://celtic-lyrics.com/forum/index.php?autocom=tclc&code=lyrics&id=34 |archive-date=17 September 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{col-2}}
{{Poemquote|It is old but it is beautiful, and its colours they are fine.
It was worn at [[Siege of Derry|Derry]], [[Battle of Aughrim|Aughrim]], [[Battle of Newtownbutler|Enniskillen]] and the [[Battle of the Boyne|Boyne]].
My father wore it as a youth in bygone days of yore.
And on the Twelfth I love to wear the sash my father wore
|Anon., "[[The Sash]]"
}}
{{Poemquote|...In the early morning the shirt factory horn called women from Creggan,
the Moor and the Bog.
While the men on the dole played a mother's role,
fed the children and then walked the dog.
And when times got tough there was just about enough.
But they saw it through without complaining.
For deep inside was a burning pride in the town I loved so well.
There was music there in the Derry air, like a language that we all could understand...
|[[Phil Coulter]], "[[The Town I Loved So Well]]"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://celtic-lyrics.com/forum/index.php?autocom=tclc&code=lyrics&id=405 |title=The Town I Loved So Well, full lyrics |work=Celtic-Lyrics.com |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120085014/http://celtic-lyrics.com/forum/index.php?autocom=tclc&code=lyrics&id=405 |archive-date=20 November 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
{{Col-end}}

==Notable people==
{{Main|List of notable people from Derry}}
[[File:Millennium Forum (02), August 2009.JPG|thumb|upright|Millennium Forum, Newmarket Street]]
Notable people who were born or have lived in Derry include:
{{Div col}}
* [[Raphael Armattoe]] (1913–1953), scientist<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Raphael Ernest Grail Armattoe |url=http://www.newulsterbiography.co.uk/index.php/home/viewPerson/1865 |work=Dictionary of Ulster Biography |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[James Burke (science historian)|James Burke]], science historian and broadcaster
* [[Amanda Burton]] (born 1956), actress<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bearn |first=Emily |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/3577209/Being-Amanda-Burton.html |title=Being Amanda Burton |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=10 May 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801070956/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/3577209/Being-Amanda-Burton.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 August 2009}}</ref>
* [[William C. Campbell (scientist)|William C. Campbell]] (born 1930), scientist and Nobel laureate<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-35069409 |title=Londonderry scientist receives Nobel Prize for Medicine |publisher=BBC News |date=11 December 2015 |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Joyce Cary]] (1888–1957), novelist<ref>{{ODNB|32318 |title=Cary, (Arthur) Joyce Lunel (1888–1957) |date=2012 |first=Alan |last=Bishop}}</ref>
* [[Nadine Coyle]] (born 1985), singer<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/From+tot+star+to+pop+star%3B+NADINE+COYLE'S+FAMILY+TELL+HOW+SHE+WAS...-a094706035 |title=From tot to pop star; Nadine Coyle's family tell how she was born to be in showbiz |first=Paul |last=Martin |work=[[TheFreeLibrary.com]] |publisher=Farlex |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Clare Crockett]] (1982–2016), nun<ref>{{cite news |last=Carty |first=Ed |title=Sister Clare Crockett: From 'wild' teen to selfless sister |url=http://www.irishnews.com/news/northernirelandnews/2016/04/18/news/sister-clare-crockett-from-wild-teen-to-selfless-sister-491013 |date=18 April 2016 |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134930/http://www.irishnews.com/news/northernirelandnews/2016/04/18/news/sister-clare-crockett-from-wild-teen-to-selfless-sister-491013/ |archive-date=25 January 2018 |work=[[The Irish News]]}}</ref>
* [[Dana Rosemary Scallon|Dana]] (born 1950), singer and politician<ref>{{cite web |title=Dana: Profile of the Eurovision singer turned public representative |url=https://www.culturenorthernireland.org/features/music/dana |work=Culture Northern Ireland |date=15 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nerve Centre (organisation)|Nerve Centre]] |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027152633/https://www.culturenorthernireland.org/features/music/dana |archive-date=27 October 2020 |last1=Ireland |first1=Culture Northern }}</ref>
* [[Seamus Deane]] (1940–2021), poet, novelist<ref>{{cite news |title=Seamus Deane, leading Irish writer and critic, has died aged 81 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/seamus-deane-leading-irish-writer-and-critic-has-died-aged-81-1.4564018 |first=Martin |last=Doyle |date=13 May 2021 |newspaper=The Irish Times |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Roma Downey]] (born 1960), actress<ref>{{cite news |last=Tracey |first=Olivia |title=An angel with her feet firmly on the ground |url=http://www.independent.ie/woman/celeb-news/an-angel-with-her-feet-firmly-on-the-ground-26246597.html |date=6 January 2001 |work=[[Irish Independent]] |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Shane Duffy]] (born 1992), footballer<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/shane-duffy/ |title=Shane Duffy: Profile |work=WorldFootball.net |date=12 September 2020 |publisher=HEIM:SPIEL |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214224418/https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/shane-duffy/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[George Farquhar]] (1677–1707), dramatist<ref>{{cite book |last=Farquhar |first=George |author-link=George Farquhar |editor-last=Strauss |editor-first=Louis A. |title=A Discourse Upon Comedy, The Recruiting Officer, and The Beaux' Stratagem |date=1914 |publisher=[[D. C. Heath & Co.]] |location=Boston |page=v |isbn=9780598588494}}</ref>
* [[Darron Gibson]] (born 1987), footballer<ref>{{Hugman|23160|name=Darron Gibson|access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Daryl Gurney]] (born 1986), darts player<ref>{{cite news |last1=Loughname |first1=Alan |title=Jarlath Burns: "When Daryl Gurney plays in Dublin, he gets booed, and I find that offensive" |url=https://www.joe.ie/shows/jarlath-burns-daryl-gurney-plays-dublin-gets-booed-find-offensive-663592 |access-date=1 June 2024 |work=JOE |publisher=Greencastle Media Group |date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401140523/https://www.joe.ie/shows/jarlath-burns-daryl-gurney-plays-dublin-gets-booed-find-offensive-663592 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |language=en-IE |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Neil Hannon]] (born 1970), singer<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.irishnews.com/arts/2016/09/30/news/neil-hannon-the-hardest-thing-for-me-is-to-simplify-712978/ |title=Neil Hannon: The hardest thing for me is to simplify |first=Richard |last=Purden |work=[[The Irish News]] |date=30 September 2016 |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213205244/http://www.irishnews.com/arts/2016/09/30/news/neil-hannon-the-hardest-thing-for-me-is-to-simplify-712978/ |archive-date=13 February 2018}}</ref>
* [[Seamus Heaney]] (1939–2013), poet and [[Nobel Prize|Nobel]] laureate<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1995/heaney/biographical/ |title=Biography |work=[[Nobel Prize|NobelPrize.org]] |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]] |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol|Frederick Hervey]] (1730–1803), [[Lord Bishop]] of Derry<ref>{{cite book |last=Akenson |first=Donald Harman |title=An Irish History of Civilization: Volume I |date=2005 |publisher=[[Granta Books]] |isbn=0-7735-2890-3 |page=433 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bw2tJrl1B9QC&pg=PA433}}</ref>
* [[John Hume]] (1937–2020), politician and [[Nobel Prize|Nobel]] laureate<ref>{{cite news |title=Ceasefire: It's all just coming together for the fixer: John Hume risked all when he met Sinn Fein. Now there's talk of a Nobel Peace Prize. |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/ceasefire-its-all-just-coming-together-for-the-fixer-john-hume-risked-all-when-he-met-sinn-fein-now-theres-talk-of-a-nobel-peace-prize-cal-mccrystal-reports-1446738.html |first=Cal |last=McCrystal |work=The Independent |date=4 September 1994 |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Jennifer Johnston (novelist)|Jennifer Johnston]] (born 1930), novelist<ref>{{cite web |first=Rosie |last=Cowan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/feb/11/fiction.rosiecowan |title=Rosie Cowan on Jennifer Johnston |work=The Guardian |date=11 February 2004 |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Edward Pemberton Leach]] (1847–1913), recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Captain Edward Pemberton Leach VC |url=http://www.remuseum.org.uk/vc/rem_vc_leach.htm |publisher=[[Royal Engineers Museum]] |access-date=11 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925050155/http://www.remuseum.org.uk/vc/rem_vc_leach.htm |archive-date=25 September 2009}}</ref>
* [[Nell McCafferty]] (born 1944), journalist, playwright<ref>{{cite news |last=Russell |first=Chrissie |work=[[Irish Independent]] |title=Nell: Nuala didn't ban me from her deathbed |url=http://www.independent.ie/lifestyle/nell-nuala-didnt-ban-me-from-her-deathbed-26835960.html |date=24 March 2012 |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[James McClean]] (born 1989), footballer<ref>{{cite news |title=Ireland star James McClean's dad says success is down to special Derry touch |url=https://www.irishnews.com/news/2016/06/24/news/ireland-star-mcclean-s-dad-says-success-down-to-magic-of-north-west-577725/ |work=[[The Irish News]] |date=24 June 2016 |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Aaron McEneff]] (born 1995), footballer<ref>{{cite news |last=Collins |first=Simon |title=Jordan McEneff 'excited' about future after signing Arsenal deal |url=https://www.derryjournal.com/sport/football/jordan-mceneff-excited-about-future-after-signing-arsenal-deal-1-8038135 |work=[[Derry Journal]] |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Damian McGinty]] (born 1992), singer<ref>{{cite news |title=Damian's Glee over 2013 |url=http://www.derryjournal.com/what-s-on/arts-culture/damian-s-glee-over-2013-1-3529072 |date=17 January 2012 |work=[[Derry Journal]] |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223405/http://www.derryjournal.com/what-s-on/arts-culture/damian-s-glee-over-2013-1-3529072 |archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref>
* [[Martin McGuinness]] (1950–2017), politician<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-politics-38640430 |publisher=BBC News |title=Obituary: Martin McGuinness |date=21 March 2017 |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-date=21 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321111244/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-politics-38640430 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Tom McGuinness (Gaelic footballer)|Tom McGuinness]] (born 1949), [[Gaelic football]]er<ref>{{cite news |last=McGuinness |first=Martin |title=Fanzone |url=https://www.independent.ie/sport/gaelic-football/fanzone-510029.html |date=26 August 2001 |work=Irish Independent |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025000156/https://www.independent.ie/sport/gaelic-football/fanzone-510029.html |archive-date=25 October 2011}}</ref>
* [[Jimmy McShane]] (1957–1995), singer<ref>{{cite news |first=Claire |last=McNeilly |title=Tragic Derry pop star Jimmy McShane's Tarzan Boy a big hit again thanks to new Wonga ad |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/news/tragic-derry-pop-star-jimmy-mcshanes-tarzan-boy-a-big-hit-again-thanks-to-new-wonga-ad-34662956.html |date=27 April 2016 |work=[[Belfast Telegraph]] |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Aileen Morrison]] (born 1982), triathlete<ref>{{cite Sports-Reference |url= https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/aileen-morrison-1.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181015153343/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mo/aileen-morrison-1.html |archive-date=15 October 2018 |title=Aileen Morrison |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Martin O'Neill]] (born 1952), footballer, manager<ref>{{cite web |title=Martin O'Neill on what it means to be Irish |url=http://www.thescore.ie/martin-oneill-irish-identity-1089500-Nov2013/ |date=4 November 2013 |work=The Score |access-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114244/http://www.thescore.ie/martin-oneill-irish-identity-1089500-Nov2013/ |archive-date=26 August 2014}}</ref>
* [[John Park (VC)|John Park]] (1835–1863), recipient of the Victoria Cross<ref>{{cite web |title=John Park VC |url=https://victoriacrossonline.co.uk/john-park-vc/ |website=Victoria Cross Online |date=19 March 2022 |access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>
* [[Miles Ryan]] (1826–1887), recipient of the Victoria Cross<ref>{{cite web |title=Miles Ryan VC |url=https://victoriacrossonline.co.uk/miles-ryan-vc/ |website=Victoria Cross Online |date=8 April 2022 |access-date=1 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326052221/https://victoriacrossonline.co.uk/miles-ryan-vc/ |archive-date=26 March 2024 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[William Sampson (lawyer)|William Sampson]] (1764–1836), American [[abolitionism in the United States|abolitionist]] and jurist<ref>{{cite web |title=Sampson, William |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/sampson-william-a7907 |work=[[Dictionary of Irish Biography]] |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Feargal Sharkey]] (born 1958), lead singer of [[The Undertones]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-21097523 |title=Teenage Kicks: The story of The Undertones |publisher=BBC News |date=19 January 2013 |access-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[Leah Totton]] (born 1989), doctor and 2013 winner of [[The Apprentice (British TV series)|The Apprentice]]<ref>{{cite news |title=The Apprentice winner Dr Leah joins Tanaiste for Derry dinner |url=https://www.derryjournal.com/news/business/the-apprentice-winner-dr-leah-joins-tanaiste-for-derry-dinner-1-5611039 |date=22 October 2013 |work=[[Derry Journal]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125163752/https://www.derryjournal.com/news/business/the-apprentice-winner-dr-leah-joins-tanaiste-for-derry-dinner-1-5611039 |archive-date=25 January 2014}}</ref>
{{Div col end}}

==Freedom of the City==
The following people and military units have received the [[Freedom of the City]] of Derry.

{{Incomplete list |date=October 2020}}

===Individuals===
* [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] [[Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg|Duke of Schomberg]] : 1690. 
* [[William Pitt the Younger]]: 1786. 
* [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]]: 1807.
* [[Robert Peel|Sir Robert Peel]]: 1817.
* [[President of the United States|President]] [[Ulysses S. Grant]]: 1879.
* [[George VI|Duke of York]]: 1924.
* [[Field marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[Bernard Montgomery|Sir Bernard Montgomery]]: 1945.
* [[Winston Churchill|Sir Winston Churchill]]: 16 December 1955.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/freedom-of-city-was-last-granted-in-1963-1.266230 |title=Freedom of city was last granted in 1963 |newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=2 May 2000 |access-date=14 October 2020 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305165225/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/freedom-of-city-was-last-granted-in-1963-1.266230 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[John Hume]]: 1 May 2000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/2020/0416/1131923-derry-honours-john-hume/ |title=John Hume Freeman of Derry |work=[[RTÉ Archives]] |publisher=RTÉ |date=2000 |access-date=14 October 2020 |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019003730/https://www.rte.ie/archives/2020/0416/1131923-derry-honours-john-hume/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Edward Daly (bishop)|Edward Daly]]: 24 March 2015. 
* [[James Mehaffey]]: 24 March 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-31746158 |title=Derry city freedom: Retired Bishops Daly and Mehaffey 'honoured' |publisher=BBC News |date=5 March 2015 |access-date=14 October 2020 |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019093210/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-31746158 |url-status=live}}</ref> 
* [[Jim McLaughlin (footballer)|James McLaughlin]]: 30 May 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-48450617 |title=Treble-winning football boss Jim McLaughlin given freedom of city |publisher=BBC News |date=30 May 2019 |access-date=14 October 2020 |archive-date=17 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017045147/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-foyle-west-48450617 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.irishnews.com/news/northernirelandnews/2019/05/29/news/freedom-of-the-city-granted-to-former-derry-manager-1630105/ |title=Freedom of the City granted to former Derry manager Jim McLaughlin |work=[[The Irish News]] |first=Seamus |last=McKinney |date=29 May 2019 |access-date=14 October 2020 |archive-date=29 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529043757/http://www.irishnews.com/news/northernirelandnews/2019/05/29/news/freedom-of-the-city-granted-to-former-derry-manager-1630105/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* Daniel Quigley: 26 November 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/news/belfast-news/derrys-ironman-triathlete-hero-danny-22330554 |title=Derry's Ironman triathlete hero Danny Quigley honoured with freedom of the city |last=Anderson |first=Gillian |date=1 December 2021 |work=BelfastLive |publisher=[[Reach plc|Reach]] |access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Freedom of Derry for fundraising Ironman Danny Quigley |publisher=BBC News |date=26 November 2021 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-59421549 |access-date=1 December 2021}}</ref>
* [[Phil Coulter|Philip Coulter]]: 5 April 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Phil Coulter 'delighted' by Freedom of Derry honour |url=https://www.derrydaily.net/2022/04/05/phil-coulter-delighted-by-freedom-of-derry-honour/ |work=Daily Derry |date=5 April 2022 |access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref>
* [[Lisa McGee]]: 5 December 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lisa McGee: Derry Girls writer awarded freedom of city |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-63856911 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=5 December 2022 |date=5 December 2022}}</ref>
* Jon McCourt: 26 July 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jon McCourt: Victims campaigner to be made freeman of Derry |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-66322723 |publisher=BBC News Northern Ireland |date=27 July 2023 |access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Northern Ireland}}
{{div col}}
* [[Ballynagalliagh]]
* [[Derry Girls]]
* [[List of abbeys and priories in Northern Ireland#County Londonderry|List of abbeys and priories in County Londonderry]]
* [[List of towns and villages in Northern Ireland]]
* [[Scouting in Northern Ireland]]
{{Div col end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [http://www.visitderry.com/ Derry visitor information]
* [http://www.londonderrychamber.co.uk/ Londonderry Chamber of Commerce]

{{County Londonderry}}
{{IrishCities}}
{{UK cities}}
{{UK City of Culture}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Derry (city)| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Northern Ireland]]
[[Category:County Londonderry]]
[[Category:County towns in Northern Ireland]]
[[Category:Fortified settlements]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Northern Ireland]]